Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prof. Marina A. Orlova Title: PHARMACOPHORE SUPERFAMILY TO OPERATE THE CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS PROCESSES Abstract: Fullerene derivatives superfamily attracts a serious attention of pharmacologists since some of these variable agents were proven to be not only drug delivery carriers but anti - cancer and immunomodulators as well. Most specifically, photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors is known for the fullerenes engagement. However, there is an obvious deficit of information on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the fullerenes pharmacological effects which is a true obstacle on the way leading to practical medicinal use of the latters. Particularly, the mode of both direct (immediate) and distant side effects origin along with a fullerenes impact on necrosis, apoptosis and cell proliferation processes are no doubt needed to get far more clearified. It is hardly possible to exaggerate a significance of the fullerene nanoparticles functionalization type, their sizes and surface nanotopology for further promoting of either cytoprotective or cytotoxic effects. Noteworthy, the antioxidant properties of some water soluble fullerene derivatives were revealed while the fullerenes induced ROS formation might be also occurred. One of the most intriguing peculiarity of the fullerenes as pharmacophores consists in capabilities of some of them to intervene into the structure domains of functional proteins including enzymes and organelles linked receptors as well as to play a role of intercalators interacting with DNA double helix which, in turn, leads to a number of crucial consequences such as the biopolymer conformational flexibility shifts, catalytic activity changes, ligand docking affinity impacts in cell signaling pathways. Last not least, the fullerens are about to compete with several natural metabolites and effectots which is itself a valid platform for pharmacological outreach. This Review deals with an Authors’s original attempt to analyse the above mentioned points with an aim to elucidate those properties, methodological and structural, of numerous fullerene adducts that determine their apoptosis- and cell proliferation – modulating effects with a special respect to a target cell / tumor type. Keywords: fullerenes, signaling pathways, oxidative stress, cancer treatment, apoptosis control, targeted drug delivery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-37 Volume: 1 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 Month: October Number: V120120957 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/57 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/10-2012-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:10:p:1-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andresa Piacezzi Nascimento Title: Methodologies for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of propolis Abstract: Currently, there is a global interest in propolis research due to its various biological activities. In vitro methods are useful for preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of propolis extracts. The disk diffusion method and broth macrodilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were used in this study, with some modifications, to evaluate the antibacterial activity of propolis. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619 were used. A standardized extract of Brazilian propolis (EPP-AF) was evaluated. The methods were precise and showed 100% accuracy. Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive to EPP-AF than Gram negative bacterium. The validations demonstrated that the disk diffusion method and broth macrodilution method are appropriate for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of propolis extracts. Therefore, the methodologies validated in this study may be useful tools in propolis research. Keywords: methodologies, validation, antibacterial activity, propolis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 38-41 Volume: 1 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 Month: October Number: V120120958 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/58 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/10-2012-02.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:10:p:38-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SIAVASH HOSSEINPOUR CHERMAHINI Title: Decolorisation of Cashew Leaves Extract by Activated Carbon in Tea Bag System for Using in Cosmetics Abstract: With the concern of using herbal extract, some undesirable issues like greenish color is a very critical item in producing cosmetic. The plant extracts which are normally dark green might spoil the appearance of the products if they are added in cosmetic formulation. In order to solve this problem, an activated carbon granule tea bag system was assembled and batch experiments were conducted as a mechanism to eliminate the intense colour of plant extract without affecting activities. The system was tested with different concentration of cashew leaves extract (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) in contact with (10 g, 15 g, 20 g and 25 g) granular activated carbon (GAC) from 0 to 6 hours. The study shows that the best condition for decolorisation is 15 g GAC using 20% cashew leaves extract (CLE). Therefore, this study suggests that the tea bag system is suitable to be used for decolorisation of CLE for cosmetic application. Keywords: Cashew Leaves Extract, Decolorisation, Activated Carbon, Tea Bag System Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-48 Volume: 1 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 Month: October Number: V120120959 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/59 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/10-2012-03.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:10:p:42-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SIAVASH HOSSEINPOUR CHERMAHINI Title: Analysis of Cashew Leaves before and after Extraction Abstract: Research for drugs and dietary supplements derived from plants have accelerated in recent years. Ethnopharmacologists, botanists, microbiologists, and natural-products chemists are combing the Earth for phytochemicals and “leads” which could be developed for treatment of infectious diseases. Meanwhile, 25 to 50% of current pharmaceuticals are derived from plants. Plant extracts and the use of plant parts such as leaves, fruits, flowers, stems, barks, buds and roots are known in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications since ancient times. Traditional healers have long used plants to prevent or cure infectious conditions. Cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) leaves extract (CLE) has high potential and can be a suitable candidate for this reason. Keywords: Ethnopharmacologists, pharmaceutical, Anacardium occidental, Cashew leaves extract, supplement. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-53 Volume: 1 Issue: 10 Year: 2012 Month: October Number: V120120960 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/60 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/10-2012-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:10:p:49-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anserd Julius Foster Author-Name: R. Lemus Title: EFFECT OF TALL FESCUE ENDOPHYTE STRAINS AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY Abstract: Recently, it has been reported that the infection of tall fescue with Neotyphodium spp. endophytes may induce changes in host grass physiology, especially in root morphology that could affect soil aggregate stability. Therefore, the effects of N management under stockpiled “Jesup” tall fescue (Schedonorus phoenix) infected with and without different endophytes (Neotyphodium coenophialum) on short-term response of aggregate stability in a Marietta loam soil (Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts) was investigated. The experimental design was split-split block replicated four times. Endophyte strains in tall fescue evaluated were: endophyte-infected wild type (E+), novel endophyte infected (E502, E514, E542, and E584) and endophyte free (E-). Nitrogen treatment consisted of a control and two N sources [urea and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)] applied at two different rates (56 or 112 kg ha-1 of actual N) applied in mid-September and mid-October. Aggregate stability was measured as water stable macro-aggregate (>250 µm) and micro-aggregate (125-250 µm) using a wet sieving apparatus. Endophytes in tall fescue did not affect macro-aggregates, but did affect micro-aggregates. Stable micro-aggregates decreased in following order E584 > E502 > E+ > E514 > E- > E542. The application of nitrogen fertilizer in September increased macro-aggregates by 4% and decreased micro-aggregates in the soil by 8% when applied as ammonium nitrate in comparison to urea. In contrast, application of N fertilizer in October increased micro-aggregates by 5% applied as ammonium nitrate in comparison to urea, but had no effect on macro-aggregates. These results indicate that the direction and magnitude of the change in stable aggregates in a soil could be influenced by the effect of management, climatic and biological factors on the wetting and drying cycle in the soil. Future studies are needed to determine if the effect of N fertilizer on aggregation could be attributed to the effect of the biomass yield on the soil moisture content at rewetting. Keywords: aggregate stability, endophyte, nitrogen fertilizer, tall fescue, stockpiling Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-19 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121074 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/74 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:1-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saviour Formosa Title: Dilemmas in Crime Mapping: Data dearths, procedures and baseline datasets Abstract: Creating a crime mapping system for a small state offers challenges that may defy database processing reasoning. The barriers to access, digitisation, geocoding and integration with other datasets create difficulties that require the setting up of a series of protocols to ensure data integrity. The Maltese Islands’ case study delineates the processes taken up to ensure the setting up of baseline datasets in the crime, social and landuse domains. The study reviews data inputting, digitising and converting, error generation and geocoding. Data reliability, aggregation and analysis processes are covered due to their intermediate function between the main focus of the baseline data creation and the eventual research output as disseminated through online technologies. Malta’s data processing has proven to be a tough slope for researchers, however the creation of the baseline data layers has ensured that new incoming data can be integrated in the systems quicker and be analysed at faster rates. Keywords: baseline, dataset, Maltese Islands, crime mapping, geographical information systems, spatial statistics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-44 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121075 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/75 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:20-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Gronow Title: ANALYSIS OF LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT THIOLS PRESENT IN A HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER CELL LINE (LNCAP) USING 4-DIMETHYLAMINOAZOBENZENE-4'-MALEIMIDE (DABMA) AS A LABELLING AGENT: APPARENT GLUTATHIONE CONTENT. Abstract: Low molecular weight thiols play important roles in cell homeostasis, drug metabolism, cancer formation and progression. The major component in this fraction is commonly assumed to be the tripeptide glutathione but there have been reports of the presence of other unknown thiols in tumour cells. To investigate this further the composition of the non protein sulphydryl components of the acid soluble fraction (ASF) of LNCap cells (a lymph node human prostate cancer) have been investigated after labelling with 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4’-maleimide (DABMA) at pH 5.5.A preliminary isolation of the adducts formed was achieved using reverse phase chromatography on C-18 silica gel (ODS-AQ) giving three crude fractions. The first fraction contained the glutathione adduct and this could be separated from the other thiol adducts by flash chromatography on silica gel followed by ion exchange chromatography on a cellulose anion exchanger.The molar extinction coefficient of the glutathione derivative at the λ max of 455nm (pH5.5) was estimated by amino acid analysis to be 26,600 M-1 cm-1 (DABMA in methanol 32,000 M-1 cm-1). Using this value it was calculated that, in the total ASF, not more than 40% of the total measured thiol could be attributed to glutathione.Other thiol adducts were shown to be present in variable amounts; separation and analysis proved difficult but using HPLC and TLC techniques a number of unknown components were shown to be present. Amino acid analysis revealed that they did not contain cysteine or peptide material and UV/visible spectra ruled out the presence of nucleic acid derivatives. MS and NMR analyses indicated that unknown water soluble thiols are present which are probably lipid in nature. Further analysis of one isolated adduct indicated the presence of 5-mercapto-pentanol. Keywords: Thiols, acid soluble fraction, glutathione, prostate cancer cells, analysis, maleimide adducts, silica gel chromatography, HPLC, TLC Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-61 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121077 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/77 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:45-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erika A. Brown Author-Name: James W. Grice Title: Mediation Analysis via Observation Oriented Modeling Abstract: Psychologists routinely treat psychological attributes as quantitative in nature, and the majority of statistical tools traditionally employed by psychologists also rest upon the assumption of continuous quantitative structure. There is no evidence, however, that attributes such as intelligence, depression, personality traits, etc. are truly quantitative, thus rendering most statistical techniques inappropriate for psychological data. Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM) is an alternative data analysis technique that does not require the assumption of continuous quantity, and it is an approach that eschews aggregate statistics while returning individual observations to the forefront of the analysis. Two published mediation models are re-analyzed in the current paper using OOM and the results compared to those obtained from traditional, variable-based analyses. It is shown that OOM yields results that are entirely transparent and readily interpretable. Unlike traditional analyses, the results also provide a clear understanding of what is happening at the level of the persons in the two studies. OOM is therefore a novel way of conceptualizing and analyzing data that may lead to more accurate and complete explanations of psychological phenomena. Keywords: Observation Oriented Modeling, mediation analysis, null hypothesis significance testing, research methods Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-80 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121079 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/79 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:62-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark A. Brown Author-Name: Ryan Knodle Author-Name: Gillian Bowser Title: Should Science be Silenced? Abstract: Since the emergence of news related to the development of a modified H5N1-virus, a media and political firestorm has ensued. Many global health officials have condemned the publication of the results and methods related to the H5N1 findings, citing obvious threats of bioterrorism. Adamantly opposing the redaction and limitation of the research are members of the scientific community, who are calling the attempts at censorship a blatant disregard for the openness of science and the dissemination of discoveries. Herein, we discuss the fallout of these recent events and their impacts on the scientific and global health communities. Keywords: Scientific Censorship, Microbiology, Social Justice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 81-86 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121080 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/80 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:81-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yi-Fang Chang Title: Nonlinear Dynamics, Magnitude-Period Formula and New Research on Earthquake Abstract: Based on the geodynamics, an earthquake does not take place until the momentum-energy excess a faulting threshold due to the movement of the fluid layer under the rock layer and the transport and accumulation of the momentum. From the nonlinear equations of fluid mechanics, we can derive a simplified nonlinear solution of momentum, which correspond to the accumulation of the energy. Otherwise, a chaos equation could be obtained, in which chaos corresponds to the earthquake, which shows complexity on seismology, and impossibility of exact prediction of earthquakes. But, combining the Carlson-Langer model and the Gutenberg-Richter relation, the magnitude-period formula of the earthquake may be derived approximately, and some results can be calculated quantitatively. For example, we forecast a series of earthquakes, especially in 2019 in California. Combining the Lorenz model, we discuss the earthquake migration to and fro, and apply the qualitative analysis theory. Moreover, many external causes for earthquake are merely the initial conditions of this nonlinear system. Finally, we research some new ways, and propose the topology of earthquake. Keywords: geophysics, earthquake, fluid dynamics, prediction, nonlinear system, topology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-95 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121081 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/81 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-08.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:87-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva Almeida Author-Name: Clara R. R. Santana Author-Name: Raimundo G. de Oliveira-Júnior Author-Name: Camila de S. Araújo Author-Name: Grasielly R. Souza Author-Name: Sarah R. G. de Lima-Saraiva Author-Name: Amanda L. Guimarães Author-Name: Ana P. de Oliveira Author-Name: José A. de Siqueira Filho Author-Name: Alessandra G. M. Pacheco Title: Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae) Abstract: The phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of extracts from Encholirium spectabile, a species belonging to the Bromeliaceae family, were investigated. This species is known in Brazil as “macambira de flecha”. In this study, the phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by using DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene-linoleic acid bleaching and compared with the reference compounds ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The antibacterial effect was evaluated by the method of microdilution. Preliminary analysis demonstrated that the extracts were found to be positive for the presence of flavonoids, tannins, lignans, monoterpenes, diterpenes, steroids and triterpenoids. The most significant total phenolic content was of 206.4 ± 29.14 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g for ethyl acetate extract (AcOEt), and 106.7 ± 3.35 for chloroform extract (CHCl3). The total flavonoids content was of 279.3 ± 18.88 mg of catechin equivalent/g for AcOEt extract. The AcOEt extract presented the best antioxidant activity (IC50 18.51 ± 2.90 μg/ml) for DPPH scavenging. BHA was the most effective antioxidant. The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed activity against most of the microorganisms tested, especially Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica, Serratia marcescens, Shigela flexneri and Staphylococcus aureus. Future investigations will be focused on isolation of chemical constituents. Keywords: Encholirium spectabile, Bromeliaceae, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, medicinal plants. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-114 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121083 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/83 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:96-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Precise Atomic Structures of L-DOPA, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Isoprenaline, 5-HTP, Serotonin and Histamine with Bond Lengths as Exact Sums of Adjacent Atomic Radii Abstract: The award of this year's Nobel Prize for researches on GPCRs brings to light the importance of the hormone and neurotransmitter molecules mentioned in the title, derived from amino acids. Presented here for the first time are their structures at the atomic level, based on the additivity of the covalent radii of adjacent atoms in bond lengths, which also holds for all the essential amino acids and many other biological molecules. The author hopes that the knowledge of the atomic structures of these compounds will bring deeper structural, chemical and geometric insights into their biochemistry leading to improved biomedical applications. Keywords: hormone and neurotransmitter molecules, amino acids, atomic structures, additivity of atomic radii, structural biology, biomedicine, pharmacology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 115-123 Volume: 1 Issue: 11 Year: 2012 Month: November Number: V120121084 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/84 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201211-16.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:11:p:115-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ikhane Phillips R Author-Name: Folorunso Adetayo F Author-Name: Nton Matthew E Author-Name: Oluwalaanu Josiah A Author-Name: Oyebolu Olalekan O Title: FACIES EVALUATIONS AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION OF THE TURONIAN NKALAGU FORMATION, SOUTH EASTERN NIGERIA Abstract: The Turonian Nkalagu Formation exposed at NIGERCEM (Nigerian Cement Company) within the Lower Benue Trough was studied in this work in order to determine and establish the lithostratigraphic successions and reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the deposition. Two major litho-facies were delineated. The first is matrix-supported bioclastic shell lag wackestone facies which account for about 70% of the carbonates. The second is a massive fossil-poor micritic limestone. However, using the fossil contents, five distinct micro-biofacies were recognized namely: massive lithoclastic floatstone, bioclastic wakestone, siliceous fossil-poor limestone, bioclastic (bivalve debris) wackestone and bioclastic packstone. The litho-clast consists of probably shallow water transported materials while still in various degrees of lithification from shelf into deeper basin. Many of the lithoclasts are sub-angular whereas others have rounded shape. Textural gradient was upward fining and algae were completely absent which is typical of shallow calcareous marine sediments of the photic zone. The trends of the textural characteristics fall in pattern correlatable with the different facies outlined in the study. Thus, the evidence from this study has put Nkalagu Formation as a deposition in shallow marine environment but later displaced into relatively deeper water, probably that of the off-shelf zone, by some sedimentary flow mechanisms. Keywords: Turonian, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, lithoclasts, bioclasts, facies, Nkalagu Formation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 107-120 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121186 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/86 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-0002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:107-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viresh Mohanlall Author-Name: N.L. Magagula Author-Name: B. Odhav Title: Optimized Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Screening Pharmaceutically Valuable Alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar Periwinkle) Abstract: The aerial parts of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) plant have been known to contain many important alkaloids such as Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vindoline and Ajmalicine which are of interest to this study. Ajmalicine has also been found in abundance in the roots of this medicinal plant. The main objective of this study was to screen a methanolic extract of C. roseus for the presence of pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids using previously optimized conditions established in our laboratory set up.This methanolic extract was further purified for specific alkaloids present using modified Shams et al. (2009) method I extraction procedure. Extracts of C. roseus have been subjected to optimum conditions before and after Thin layer Chromatography which was performed in a trough chamber of 10 cm x 10 cm area saturated with Ethyl acetate: Benzene: Methanol: 25% Ammonia solution (100:5:5:3) as a developing solvent and sprayed with Cerium Ammonium Sulphate (CAS) reagent specific for the detection of alkaloids.Results have shown that the alkaloids of interest; Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vindoline and Ajmalicine could be chromatographically identified in extracts of C. roseus intact plant after individual alkaloid purification procedure. This has confirmed the anti-neoplastic and anti-hypertensive properties these alkaloids have in making the plant effective in healing cancer and high blood pressure as it was originally used by traditional people. Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vindoline, Ajmalicine, Thin Layer Chromatography, Cerium Ammonium Sulphate reagent Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-20 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121187 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/87 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Garau Title: Citizen participation in public planning: A literature review Abstract: The aim of this work is to present an overview of participatory practices through the evolutionary synthesis of so-called "ladders of public participation", created in the last 50 years.The paper shows how, through them, the role of public participation in planning addressed the redistribution of power between those who govern and the governed. The definition of participatory democracy, the motivation of all actors, ICT and the conceptualization of the planning and decision-making framework are all factors for participation offered to the public. Thus, the paper contributes to considering a possible new ladder of participation. Keywords: participation, democracy, ladder of participation, participatory research Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-44 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121188 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/88 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:21-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dhiraj Ahuja Title: Implementation of Neural Network for High Impedance Fault Detection Abstract: In the thesis the aim was to detect the high impedance fault occurring on radial distribution system using neural network. A multilayer perceptron was used for distinguishing the linear and nonlinear high impedance faults by taking the feature vector as input R.M.S value of third and fifth harmonic components of feeder voltage and feeder current were used as a feature vector obtained by applying the fast Fourier Transformation on the feeder voltage and feeder current.The values of feeder voltage and feeder current are obtained for two kinds of fault cases (i.e. linear and nonlinier) by simulating the model of high impedance fault system. The values of third and fifth harmonics were obtained by applying the Fast Fourier Transformation .RMS values of these harmonics were used to train the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network for classification of these two type of faults. It consists of total three layers, two hidden layers and one output layer. Each hidden layer consists of four neurons and one output layer consists of two neuron. This network was trained by using the Back propagation algorithm .Many types of back propagation algorithms were tested and it’s found that trainlm and trainbr were classifying the two kinds of fault s more perfectly compared to other algorithms. As well as for selecting the no. of neurons the network is tested for different number of neuron in each layer and it’s found that the network consisting of four neuron in each hidden layer performing well. The network was tested for different transfer function and it was found that it’s performance is good when log-sigmoid transfer function is used in all three layers or when tan-sigmoid transfer function is used by the neuron in two hidden layer and linear transfer function is used by neuron in output layer. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-77 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121191 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/91 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:45-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ryuji Sakakibara Author-Name: Masahiko Kishi Author-Name: Tsutomu Inaoka Author-Name: Hitoshi Terada Author-Name: Hagino Rikitake Title: Diffusion tensor imaging of peripheral nerves in Churg-Strauss syndrome Abstract: We here describe a case of a 41-year-old woman with asthma, eosinophilia, and multiple mononeuropathies due to Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). In this case, multiple mononeuropathies caused allodynia and nerve-stretch pain in the lower extremities. A nerve conduction study and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indicated that the major site of lesions was at the right popliteus. Peripheral nerve DTI was found to be a feasible method to help evaluate peripheral nerve function. Keywords: diffusion tensor tractography, peripheral nerve, entrapment, Churg-Strauss syndrome Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 78-84 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121194 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/94 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-12.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:78-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kanokporn Swangjang Author-Name: Panishkan Kamolchanok Author-Name: Sanmanee Natdhera Author-Name: Sungthong Daoroong Title: Regression Analysis Of Humic Acid In Agricultural Tropical Soils Abstract: A number of potential benefits of humic substances are well known recognized and its generation has been concerned with miscellaneous factors. In Thailand, one of Southeast Asia countries, agricultural areas can be normally found in the country parts. Variety soil practices have been done to improve soil fertilities. Those outcomes, both the properties of soil and organic substances in terms of active and inactive forms, were also raised the question. This study aims to develop the appropriate equation model with particular to some basis of soil properties and the quantity of humic acid extracted from them. To achieve this goal, thirty-four soils from existing agricultural areas in the western part of Thailand were sampled. Soil properties which closely concern with humic substances, including organic matter (OM), total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), percentage of clay and cation exchange capacity (CEC), were analyzed. Humic acid were extracted by the standard of International Humic Substances Society. Relationships of soil property were evaluated by simple correlation. The results showed a number of high associations between pairs of soil properties therefore these relations can be separated into two main groups. The first was strong positive associations between pairs of OM, TN and TC (r = 0.767, 0.666 and 0.912 respectively). The second was the positive significant relationship between percentage of clay and CEC ( r = 0.799). The quantity of humic acid was significantly correlated with clay and CEC (r = -0.594 and -0.641, respectively) and was not significantly correlated with any other soil factors. Stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to consider the relationships between humic acid quantity and those of five soil properties. Result indicated that CEC and TN explained 54.6% of the variation of dependent variable. To improve the variability, linear and quadratic functions of both CEC and TN were fitted. The most appropriate equation model was explained 60.8% of the total variation. Variation in other factors, not in the extent of this study, could be likely to have contributed to the residual variation in the data set. Keywords: Regression Analysis, Humic Acid (HA), soil properties, Thailand Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 85-97 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121195 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/95 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-14.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:85-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hesham M.A. Soliman Author-Name: Robina Shahid Author-Name: Marwa Fathy Author-Name: Mamoun Muhammed Title: Novel low temperature route for large scale synthesis of ZnO quantum dots Abstract: A simple and fast method has been developed for the synthesis of zinc oxide quantum dots (QDs) with an average size of 3-4 nm. Zinc ions were chemically reduced to give thermodynamically unstable zinc particles, which were immediately oxidized to release thermodynamically stable zinc oxide nanopowder through a fast reduction/oxidation process. XRD and SAED analysis confirm the hexagonal wurtzite phase of ZnO. The UV-Vis absorption of ZnO QDs show quantum confinement effect in UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Keywords: ZnO, Quantum Dots, reduction, oxidation, TEM, Optical properties Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 153-161 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121196 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/96 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-16.PDF File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:153-161 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khurshid Ahmad Khan Author-Name: Professor Javed Akram Title: Association of Anemia with Cardiovascular disease in patients with Diabetic Nephropathy with normal GFR Abstract: Background: Anemia is recognized as an independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor in diabetic patients with end stage renal disease. However, it is not known whether anemia associated with early diabetic nephropathy increases CVD risk.Objective: To assess the effect of anemia on CVD risk in patients with Stage 1 chronic kidney disease (CKD).Materials and Methods: Cross sectional analysis of 2,502 diabetic patients with stage 1 CKD. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected from two teaching hospitals affiliated with medical university in Lahore, Pakistan.Results: Of the 2,502 diabetic patients examined, 96% had type 2 diabetes. Age (years) = 64.2 ± 0.2, BMI= 29.6±0.2, duration of diabetes (years) = 9.3± 0.17, Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) % =7.8±0.04. Males represented 83.2% of the cohort.The CVD group included 909 (36.3%) of the total cohort and had a significantly lower mean serum hemoglobin (g/dl) (12.9±0.05 Vs 13.4±0.04, p <0.01), and hematocrit (%) (38.8±0.19 Vs 40.04±0.17, p<0.01), compared to those without CVD events. Both groups had stage I diabetic nephropathy with urinary albumin >30 mg/gm creatinine and normal GFR (>90 ml/min/1.73m2). Using the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) threshold Hb of 12 g/dl for initiation of work up for anemia in chronic kidney disease, in our logistic regression model the odds ration (OR) for CVD in patients with Hb<12 g/dl was 1.94 (95% CI= 1.6-2.3, p <0.01). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, anemia remained a significant predictor for CVD events OR=1.64 (95%CI = 1.3-2.0, p<0.01). We also examined Hb as a continuous variable and found that; for each unit decrease in hemoglobin, the odds of CVD increases, OR =1.21 (1.14-1.28, p <0.01) Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 134-152 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121197 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/97 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:134-152 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adnan M. Rawashdeh Author-Name: Prof. Dr. Tayfun Turgay Author-Name: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Serdar Saydam Title: The Impact of business strategy on Corporate Performance: Empirical Study in Jordanian Private Banks Abstract: The study evaluates the impact of business strategy on corporate performance in Jordanian private banks. A total of 193 employees from the human resource departments of Jordanian private banks had responded to adapted questionnaire that measured two independent variables (cost reduction and differentiation) and corporate performance. The results reflected a positive and statistically significant relationship of (cost reduction and differentiation) with corporate performance. This study recommends banks management to keep engaging in correcting their business strategy to manage challenges in this changing business environment in order to create and sustain superior bank performance. Keywords: Business strategy, corporate performance, Jordanian private banks Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 98-106 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121198 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/98 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:98-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yi-Fang Chang Title: Differential Test for Series of Positive Terms, New Tree-Field Representations in Graph Theory and New Number Field, Extension of Dirac Extraction, and Their Applications Abstract: First, a new differential test for series of positive terms is proved. Let f(x) be a positive continuous function corresponded to a series of positive terms , and g(x) is a derivative of reciprocal of f(x), i.e., . Then, if for enough large x, the series converges; if , the series diverges. The rest may make the limit form, and is universal and complete. Next, the tree in the graph theory is extended to a new tree-field representation. It includes two parts: tree and field. A field is a set of legion small trees. They can transform each other between tree and field. This is a unification of simplicity (tree) and complexity (field), and may be applied to various complex systems on science, politics, economy, philosophy and so on. Further, it may be extended to the whole graph theory G=(V,E,F), here F is a set of small graphs. Third, based on a brief review on developments of number system, a new developed pattern is proposed. The quaternion is extended to a matrix form aI+bC+cB+dA, in which the unit matrix I and three special matrices C,B,A correspond to number 1 and three units of imaginary number i,j,k, respectively. They form usually a ring. But some fields may be composed of some special 2-rank, even n-rank matrices, for example, three matrices aI+bC, aI+cB, aI+dA and so on. It is a new type of hypercomplex number fields. The physical applications and possible meaning of the new number system is researched. Finally, the Dirac extraction is extended to any terms whose extraction should be and , etc. Moreover, the general complexity is also discussed. Keywords: series of positive terms, convergence and divergence, differential, infinite integral, graph theory, tree, number system, matrix, complex number, ring, field, extraction, application, complexity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 121-133 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V120121199 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/99 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-17.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:121-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Honggui Deng Author-Name: Junzhi Zhao Author-Name: Xu Deng Author-Name: Songshan Ma Title: An improved iterative channel estimation algorithm for high mobility OFDM systems Abstract: The inter-carrier interference caused by time-variant fading channels is analyzed in high mobility OFDM systems. An improved iterative channel estimation algorithm is proposed for the systems. The wireless channel is estimated through a weighted time-domain interpolation of the pilot channel coefficients. The interpolation weights are designed according to the Doppler spread, which is calculated by the velocity of the receiver. The pilot channel coefficients are iteratively estimated by pilot tones using a Least Square (LS) method. During the iterative process, the detected data symbols are feed back as new pilots to optimize the estimates of pilot channel coefficients. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing methods. When the receiver moving at a speed up to 300Km/h, the performance degradation of the proposed method compared to the performance of perfect channel estimation is only 1dB-2dB. Keywords: OFDM, ICI, time-variant channel, iterative channel estimation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 181-188 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V1201211100 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/100 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-20.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:181-188 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. Velmurugan Author-Name: Sibi Narayanan Title: Molecular Modeling Studies and ADME Screening on HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors as Anti-Viral Agents Abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus, a member of the retrovirus family, which leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected immune cells. Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is the key process in the HIV replication cycle and therefore Integrase has served as an attractive target for antivirals. HIV-1 Integrase (HIV-1 IN) is an essential enzyme in the life cycle of the virus, responsible for catalyzing the insertion of the viral genome into the host cell chromosome and it provides an attractive target for antiviral drug design. Antiretroviral treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbidity of HIV infection. Raltegravir, also known as Isentress and MK-0518, is a well known integrase inhibitor. This prevents the virus from making new copies of HIV. Structures similar to this compound were identified and molecular modeling studies has been performed with HIV-1 IN as target molecule using Schrödinger Suite 2007. PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances) prediction of the compounds was carried out and all compounds exhibited anti-viral activity. These compounds show favorable interactions with the amino acid residues and the metal ion (Mg2+) at the active site of HIV-1 IN thereby substantiating their proven efficacy as anti-viral compounds. Further, their ADME (Absorption, Digestion, Metabolism and Excretion) screening was also carried out in order to check their potency to be used for second-generation drug development. The work demonstrates that molecular modeling, activity prediction and screening of the compounds for their subsequent ADME properties is a promising approach to predict the binding activity of compounds to the receptor. Keywords: HIV, HIV-1 IN, antiviral, raltegravir, Schrödinger Suite 2007, PASS, ADME Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-12 Volume: 2 Issue: 05 Year: 2013 Month: May Number: V2201304101 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/101 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201301-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:5:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Owusu-Sekyere Author-Name: Bonyah Title: Geospatial Modelling of Buruli Ulcer Prevalence in Amansie West District, Ghana Abstract: Buruli ulcer (BU) is a disease caused by mycobacterium ulcerans (MU). The large number of cases and the complications currently associated with the disease as well as its long-term socio-economic impact could have a substantial effect on the rural economy. Knowledge gaps about the exact mode of transmission and factors that pre-dispose to infection motivated this study. This study employed geographical information systems (GIS) and geostatistics to establish relationship between BU and postulated risk factors in Amansie West District of Ghana. Semivariograms were computed to determine the strength and spatial dependency of the pattern of disease as well as summarize the variation. The risk of developing the disease was estimated by kriging. Ordinary kriging was chosen in the variogram modeling. The BU data sets exhibited a highly positively skewed histogram with possible outlying. The length of spatial autocorrelation (practical range) was much longer than sampling interval (lag size).The kriged map showed that there are large patches of BU disease in the southern part of the study area with few isolated cases in the other parts.. The research revealed that the disease is prevalent in the southern portion of the district which is drained by rivers Oda and Offin. The southern portion is also characterized by intense mining and agricultural activity. The paper concludes that intense human interaction with aquatic environment may be responsible for the high prevalence of BU in the District. Keywords: Variogram, Kriging, Geographical Information Systems, Spatial Patterns, Buruli ulcer Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 162-180 Volume: 1 Issue: 12 Year: 2012 Month: December Number: V1201211102 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/102 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V1-201212-18.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:1:y:2012:i:12:p:162-180 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chiara Garau Title: A new strategic role for Sardinia (Italy) in the Mediterranean Abstract: The following are some preliminary assessments and reflections on the anthrop-socio-cultural prospects related to the definition of a strategic role that Sardinia (Italy) may have in the Mediterranean. Because of its geographical location, the island may in fact favourably intercept and become part of the new flow of goods from international routes, for example those which, from the Far East, pass through the Suez Canal in the direction of Western Europe. However, political, institutional, economic, and structural issues arising from the current international framework, impose new reference coordinates, which reduce and influence margins of choice. In this context Sardinia must modify its "insular" resource to present itself as even more determined to be an integral and strategic part of relationships in the Europe - Africa basin. Keywords: Mediterranean Sea, Sardinia, New Strategy for Partnerships Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-26 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212103 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/103 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-02.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:16-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark A. Brown Author-Name: Gillian Bowser Author-Name: Emily N. Quick Bear Author-Name: Amanda L. Purnell Author-Name: Ellyn M. Dickmann Title: Experiential Learning: Engaging the Next Diverse Generation of Scientists Abstract: Among the key challenges in science education, low numbers of underrepresented students completing science degrees is a major bottleneck in the development of the US science and technology workforce. The relatively low persistence and retention of African American, Hispanic, and Native American students in undergraduate science programs have a host of negative impacts on issues ranging from the national economy to the conceptualization of advanced degrees and the careers that underrepresented students consider as realistic options. The Rocky Mountain Sustainability and Science Network and the Global Women Scholars Network have responded to this challenge by establishing a summer research academy in the sciences which uses best practices in experiential learning to engage underrepresented students in the sciences. In the past three years, over 100 students have participated in this academy. While over 75% of these students have been underrepresented minorities, 100% have been retained in science and technology related disciplines. This summer research academy is well on its way to becoming a model program for using experiential learning to engage and train the next diverse generation of scientists. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-45 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212104 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/104 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-03.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:40-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdunnaser Etorki Author-Name: A. Elrgahii Author-Name: M.El Rais Title: Speciation of inorganic arsenic and selenium in contaminated ground water samples collected from two areas (Alkermiah and Al-Sawani) in Tripoli-Libya Abstract: This work deals with the assessment of the arsenic and selenium concentration levels in ground water in two districts of Tripoli, Libya. The study conducted from March 2009 to January 2010 and 14 samples of ground water were collected and analyzed every two months using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). A novel absorbent was prepared by 1,3-dimercapto propane sulphonic acid chemically modifying mesoporous titanium dioxide nanoparticles and was employed as micro column packing material for simultaneous speciation of inorganic arsenic and selenium species. As and Se species could be adsorbed quantitatively on 1,3-dimercapto propane sulphuric acid modified TiO2 nanoparticles within a pH range of 3-7 and only As(III) could be quantitatively retained on the column within a pH of 10 while As(V) and Se(IV) were passed through the column without the retention. The results show that arsenic levels in ground water varied from 1.05 to 31.08 ng/ml with a mean value of 4.5 ±0.34, which is high than the recommended World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines of 10 ng/ml for drinking water in some ground water samples. The data generated in this study will provide base line values for monitoring arsenic concentrations in ground water in surveyed area. Keywords: Speciation of arsenic, speciation of selenium, micro column packing, TiO2 nanoparticles,1,3-dimercapto propane sulphonic acid, ICP-OES Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 108-117 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212107 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/107 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:108-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P.P. Zamora Author-Name: F.R. Díaz Author-Name: M.A. del Valle Author-Name: G. Louarn Author-Name: L. Cattin Author-Name: J.C. Bernède Title: Redox Study of Polyaniline Derivatives For Potential Uses In Photovoltaic Devices Abstract: Polyaniline (PANI) derivatives were synthesized using chemical methods by varying the oxidant concentration to favor the quinoids units formation. FT-IR, UV-Vis, and cyclic voltammetry characterization conclusively demonstrated that polymer oxidation becomes more difficult as the size of the substituent increases. At the same time, lager substituent size tends to shift the onset oxidation potential (Eox)on toward positive. Polyaniline derivate polymers were used in photovoltaic devices as electronic donors to study the optium redox state so as to understand how the presence of quinoid units affects the photovoltaic yield. In previous work we have shown that thiophene or furane aniline based polymers can increase photovoltaic yield of anilines. Quinoid units play an essential role in the behavior of this parameter. Keywords: Onset Oxidation Potential, Polyaniline, Photovoltaic Yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-15 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212108 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/108 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Del Valle Author-Name: Fabiola Bustos Author-Name: Fernando R. Díaz Author-Name: Gean C. Arteaga Author-Name: Loreto A. Hernández Author-Name: Andrea C. Ramos Title: Use of a polymer modified electrode for arsenic determination Abstract: This paper presents the optimization of a polypyrrole-modified steel electrode (SS/PPy) to be used as arsenic(V) amperometric sensor using electrochemical techniques. The electrode response is based on the doping/undoping ability of the polymer matrix that involves anions incorporation and removal, generating thus a charge or current that correlates to the analyte concentration.Once the electrode was optimized, analytical parameters were established. A linear response in the range 5 - 250 ppm As(V) was found, with a response time 5 s. Besides, it is noteworthy that the response obtained with a freshly prepared SS/Ppy electrode before each measurement is highly reproducible. Therefore the SS/Ppy electrode is proposed as a sensor that may be utilized as disposable device. Keywords: polypyrrole electrode, arsenic, arsenic quantitation, amperometric sensor, arsenic sensor. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-39 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212109 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/109 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-08.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:27-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Viresh Mohanlall Author-Name: B. Odhav Author-Name: N. Mkhize Title: Isolation and Quantification of β-sitosterol, ergosterol and stigmasterol from Hypoxis rigidula Baker var. rigidula and Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall (Hypoxidaceae) Abstract: Hypoxis rigidula Baker var. rigidula and Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch., C.A.Mey. & Avé-Lall (Hypoxidaceae) are frequently used African medicinal plant that has been used by traditional healers for daily healthcare needs. Phytosterols isolated from Hypoxis spp, have been found to be effective in lowering plasma cholesterol concentration by inhibiting the absorption of cholesterol in the small intestine. Phytosterols serve to stabilize phospholipid bilayers in plant cell membranes just as cholesterol does in animal cell membranes. The aim of this study was to isolate phytosterols from Hypoxis rigidula and evaluate its cholesterol reduction activity. The objectives were to extract phytosterols from Hypoxis using distillation; identify phytosterols using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and quantify phytosterols present in the plant extracts using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV). TLC gave the following phytosterol standard values: β-sitosterol at Rf 0.63±0, ergosterol at Rf 0.66±0 and stigmasterol at Rf 0.68±0. The chloroform extracts of both H. hemerocallidea and H. rigidula the presence of β-sitosterol, ergosterol and stigmasterol. HPLC analysis gave the following concentrations of phytosterols; 48.4 and 35.2 µg/ml of stigmasterol were found in H. rigidula and H. hemerocallidea respectively and 86.7 and 48.4 µg/ml of ergosterol were found in H. rigidula and H. hemerocallidea respectively. These results show a significant difference in the phytosterol content between the two species of the genus Hypoxis. Keywords: Hypoxis rigidula, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, phytosterols, secondary metabolites, cholesterol, . Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 118-134 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212111 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/111 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-11.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:118-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dr. Carolina Pontones Rosa Author-Name: Dr. Rosario Pérez Morote Author-Name: Professor Malcolm J. Prowle Title: Which are the difficulties for the application of value for money auditing in Spanish local government? Proposals for improvement Abstract: This paper is concerned with the development of value for money audit in Spanish local government. It analyses the meaning of value for money and its audit in Spain and concludes that it aligns with those used in other countries, most notably the United Kingdom. From primary research, the paper then considers the current application of value for money audit by the statutory auditors of Spanish local government and their opinions about the benefits of and approaches to its further development. Finally the paper points out the requirements for implementing an enhanced version of value for money audit in Spain. Keywords: Spanish local government, value for money audit, survey analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-76 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212113 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/113 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:46-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MD. Mokhlesur Rahman Author-Name: MD. Moniruzzaman Author-Name: S. M. Forhad Tasfi Title: Exploring the Nature of Urban Structure of Urban Areas in Bangladesh Abstract: The study of spatial structure of a city always fascinates urban planners. City’s spatial structure can assist urban planners to predict future development trend and help them to develop appropriate strategies to guide the current spatial structures. But, there is no such type of previous studies of the city structure in Bangladesh. In this study, the researchers made an attempt to find out spatial structure of cities in Bangladesh. Using spatial distribution of population and land use the researchers tried to explain the present scenario in Bangladesh. The researchers have found that for most of the cases there is a density gradient, which represents relationship between population density and distance from city centre to periphery, with high R square value follows a negatively sloped exponential curve from city centre to periphery of an urban area except in Barisal City Corporation (BCC). The density is high at the centre and it gradually decreases towards periphery. The Central Business District (CBD) of BCC is relatively larger than other municipalities/ paurashavas where commercial land use is dominant type of land uses. People are living outside the CBD due to high concentration of commercial and institutional land uses in the centre is the main reason of positively sloped exponential curve for BCC. The first important finding from land use analysis is that in most of the Paurashavas, there is a CBD which have been developed alongside a river network and newly developed commercial land uses have taken place along the major highway in that area. The study also showed that after three kilometers from the city center, agriculture is dominant type of land uses although there is a high rate of urbanization in Bangladesh. The researchers as urban planners conclude that, there is natural tendency of compactness in Bangladesh which should be encouraged. Keywords: Urban Structure, CBD, Gradient, Centroid, Density Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 92-107 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212114 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/114 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-14.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:92-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ugur KESICI Author-Name: DERICI Serhan Title: Rectus Sheath Hematoma Abstract: PURPOSE: Spontaneous rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is a rarely seen event. Complaints of abdominal pain are observed frequently and mass in the abdominal wall are encountered in patients. The most important risk factors in the development of the disease are anticoagulant drug use and coughing. In this case report two patients who did not use anticoagulants, diagnosed with RSH are discussed.CASE REPORT: One of the patients was a 70 years old and the other was a 88 years old woman. Complaints of abdominal pain and mass in the abdominal wall were present in both patients. There was no anticoagulant drug in the anamnesis of the patients. Both patients were followed up conservatively. Patients were discharged respectively on the 8th and the 7th day since there were no complications during their follow-ups.RESULT: RSH is a rarely seen event that should definitely be considered during the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Although the disease is generally seen in old patients using anticoagulants, it can be encountered, as such as in this case report, without the use of anticoagulants. The treatment of disease is generally conservative. Since mortality due to bleeding can be encountered rarely, hemodynamic findings of the patients should be followed carefully. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 84-91 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212118 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/118 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-18.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:84-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dr. Estari Mamidala Author-Name: Prasad Paindla Author-Name: Rajendra Chary Vijayagiri Title: Ethnobotanical Survey In Different Mandals Of Adilabad District, Andhra Pradesh, India Abstract: Ethno botanical surveys were conducted from October, 2011 through September, 2012 in the Jannaram, Kaddam, Utnoor and Indravelly, mandals of Adilabad district, Andhra Pradesh, India. Information on 40 angiosperms belonging to 24 families was gathered with regard to their ethno medicinal plants used by the tribal people in alleviating diseases. The medicinal plants used by local tribal traditional healers are arranged alphabetically followed by botanical name, family names, local name, parts used, mode of preparation and medicinal uses. This paper reports for the uses of plant parts by the tribal people in the form of juices, extracts, decoctions, pastes and powders. Keywords: Ethno medicines, Adilabad district, tribal people, Andhra Pradesh. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-83 Volume: 2 Issue: 01 Year: 2013 Month: January Number: V1201212119 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/119 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201301-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:1:p:77-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elijah Abalaka Author-Name: O. G. Okoli Title: Influence Of Water-Binder Ratio On Normal Strength Concrete With Rice Husk Ash Abstract: The effects of rice husk ash (RHA) produced using a charcoal fired incinerator on properties of normal strength concrete at water /binder (w/b) ratio of 0.45, 0.50 and 0.55 was investigated. Characterization of the RHA by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray florescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy methods of analysis showed that the RHA was predominantly composed of amorphous silica with traces of cristobilite. The results further show that the RHA with a low specific surface could be used to replace 25% of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in concrete at a w/b ratio of 0.55. Improvements in split tensile strength and pore structure of the concrete were also recorded. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-36 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301123 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/123 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:28-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kanokporn Swangjang Author-Name: Kamolchanok Panishkan Author-Name: Daoroong Sungthong Author-Name: Natdhera Sanmanee Title: Soil Practices with relation to Soil Fertilities Abstract: Soil organic matter is often realized as an indicator of soil fertility, however, agricultural practices are expected to cause changed. This study was conduct to evaluate the relationship of soil practices and organic matter content. Fifty-eight plots were sampled (0- to 30-cm depth) from three different study areas. These are included two areas from high performance cropping system, and the remainder from low intensive practices. The soil management, including tillage, fertilizer and pesticide application, was also considered. To compare the difference of organic matter levels among three areas, together with fertilizer, pesticide and tillage practices, one-way ANOVA and the independent t-test were performed. The means of organic matter do differ significantly among three study areas (P<0.05) whereas these values do not differ significantly among the other factors considered in this research (P>0.05). Basic agricultural practices show the highest levels of organic matter. Evidence regarding intensive soil performance to obtain high economic yield is raised with result of this study. Keywords: Soil Organic Matter (SOM), agricultural practices, Thailand Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301126 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/126 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael Gronow Title: Studies On The Low Molecular Weight Thiols Of Mouse Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells: Glutathione Content Abstract: The total thiol contents of mouse Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and that of the acid soluble fraction (ASF), released on deproteinization of these cells, were measured using the Ellman reagent, 5,5’ dithio (2-nitrobenzoic acid)(ESSE). It was shown that the ASF constituted 13.2% of the total cellular thiol at an average value of 3.20 + 0.29 femtomoles of RSH per cell and this was confirmed using three different methods of thiol estimation. This extract was shown to contain practically negligible amounts of reducing inorganic sulphur ions, disulphide or vicinal disulphide material. The aromatic mixed disulphides (RSSE) formed by direct addition of the ASF thiols to a three fold excess of Ellman reagent (ESSE) were analysed by ion exchange chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. These analyses revealed only two major components, the glutathione adduct (GSSE) and excess ESSE. Some minor RSSE components were also present and this was confirmed by 35S labelling of these cells. The GSH content, as calculated from the GSSE formed, was 1.280.04 femtomoles/cell which accounts for only 423% of the thiol content of the ASF and 5.3% of the total cellular thiol. Furthermore, the G35S SE isolated from the radioisotope labelled cells contained only13.6% of the 35S incorporated into the ASF. Apart from glutathione, a large proportion, ca 60%, of the thiols present in the ASF of these cells, although reacting with the Ellman reagent do not appear to retain the aromatic thionitrobenzoic acid residue, indicating that they do not form stable aromatic mixed disulphides. These results indicate that caution should be employed in interpreting Ellman values of cellular ASF thiols as attributable solely to the presence of glutathione. Keywords: Mouse ascites tumour, non-protein thiols, radio-isotope labelling, Ellman reagent, Ellman thiol adducts, glutathione content, chromatography, capillary electrophoresis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-17 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301127 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/127 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:6-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gil Rodrigues dos Santos Author-Name: Manoel Delintro De Castro Neto Title: Evaluation of Agronomic and Resistance Characters to the Main Diseases of Rice Nuclear Collection of Highlands in Tocantins State Abstract: Rice has low productivity in Tocantins due to the low genetic potential of the varieties and high susceptibility to diseases. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate a rice nuclear collection of highlands in relation to its agronomic and resistance characters to the main diseases in the south of Tocantins State. It was used the randomized blocks design with ninety treatments (genotypes) and three repetitions under highlands conditions in southern Tocantins. The following agronomic characters were evaluated: average flowering, height and productivity of the plants. The evaluated diseases were: leaf and panicle blast, brown spot, leaf scald and grain spots. The Scott-Knott test showed high variability in productivity and in resistance to the diseases. The Tocher Method grouped the 90 genotypes, according to the diseases and productivity, in 10 different groups. These results indicate the existence of significant genetic variability for these characters in the genotypes. Keywords: Oryza sativa, Magnaporthe grisea, Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Monographella albescens Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-24 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303128 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/128 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-11.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:16-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivanka Dimova Author-Name: Nikolova D. Author-Name: Nesheva D. Title: Fine-Mapping Of 1p36 Deletion, Related To The Manifestation Of Hirsutism Abstract: Rearrangements of 1p36 resulting in deletion are observed in 1 in 5,000 live births. Molecular characterisation of deletions, along with phenotypic correlations, have yielded regions in which to search for genes related to specific features of the syndrome.We report a child with sub-telomeric interstitial 1p36 deletion, spanning 3,683,364-8,822,150 bp (1p36.33-1p36.23) region. The capability of aCGH to provide high-resolution mapping of variation in copy number has been demonstrated. Determining the smallest region of overlap, we narrowed the common region between cases with hirsutism on chromosome 1 band 1p36.23 between 7,500,000 and 8,500,000 bp. Since our patient has overlapped symptom of hirsutism with the patients of proximal 1p36 deletion syndrome, we therefore searched the database to identify potential candidate genes for this feature. We suggest a new candidate-gene for hirsutism – PARK7, which is related to the function of androgens and hyperandrogenaemia. The suggestion is based on the location of this gene in the narrowed deleted 1p36.23 region in patients, affected by hirsutism together with other features of 1p36 monosomy syndrome. Keywords: mental retardation, array CGH, 1p36 deletion, hirsutism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-48 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301129 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/129 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-07.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:43-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eric Neebo Wiah Author-Name: S. Katara Author-Name: E. Danso-Addo Title: Control Of Parasitic Diseases In Cocoa Using Time Series Analysis Abstract: Ecological disturbances exert an influence on the emergence and proliferation of parasitic diseases, including, Black pod disease. Each environmental change, whether occurring as a natural phenomenon or through human intervention, changes the ecological balance and context within which disease hosts or vectors and parasites breed, develop, and transmit disease. This paper deals with these important diseases in the Ghanaian cocoa industry.The objective is to find out whether rainfall and temperature have any effect on these diseases so that plans can be made to control them. The paper has identified the models of these important cocoa diseases in Western region. The results from this work show that the dependence of phytophthora on both temperature and rainfall was not significant and rainfall may not have much influence on black pod, if any. It also came out that, if the infected trees are cutoff and burnt, the other trees may not be infected. Keywords: Parasitic diseases, Time Series Analysis, Akaike Information Criteria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-42 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301131 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/131 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:37-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carolina dos Santos Batista Bonini Author-Name: Luis Gustavo Akihiro Sanches Suzuki Author-Name: Marlene Cristina Alves Author-Name: Luis Eduardo Akiyoshi Sanches Suzuki Title: Green Manure And Sewage Sludge Used To Recover The Fertility Of A Degraded Oxisol Abstract: For soil remediation is necessary an adequate management that provides the maintenance and enrichment of the soil organic matter, for that, one alternative is the use of green and organic manure combined with correct fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of green manure and sewage sludge in the recovery of the chemical attributes of an Oxisol. The research was installed in an Oxisol in which was taken out a layer of soil of 8.60 meters. The treatments were: area without management and with the soil exposure; area with natural vegetation of “Savannah”; only native tree Astronium fraxinifolium Schott; A. fraxinifolium+Canavalia ensiformis; A. fraxinifolium+Raphanus sativus; A. fraxinifolium+Brachiaria decumbens+60 t ha-1 of sewage sludge based on dry mass. Were evaluated the soil chemical characteristics to the layers 0.00–0.05; 0.05–0.10; 0.10–0.20 and 0.20–0.40 m. The soil presents high degree of chemical degradation but the sludge improve some chemical characteristics of the degraded soil, being possible reduce or, in some cases, exclude the use the mineral fertilizer. It is recommended the application of lime in the sludge to correct its pH, being possible use it without acidify the soil. The lime is significant to improve the soil chemical characteristics, while in the first year the green manure do not influence these Keywords: organic matter, environmental, soil chemistry, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-57 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301134 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/134 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:49-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gina Tomé Author-Name: Margarida Gaspar de Matos Author-Name: Inês Camacho Author-Name: Celeste Simões Author-Name: José Alves Diniz Title: The Lack of Friends amongst Adolescents and Well-Being Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the risk behaviour and the well-being of adolescents that declare not to have friends. The national representative sample was composed by individuals that participated in the study in Portugal, integrating the European study HBSC – Health Behaviour in School – aged Children. The study occurred during January 2006 and included a total of 4877 students from the 6th, 8th and 10th grades from Portuguese public schools, randomly selected with an average age of 14 years old. The instrument used was the HBSC questionnaire. The unit was the class. The results revealed that the lack of friends can influence the well-being of adolescents. Youngsters who do not have friends are unhappy, have more psychological complains and are less satisfied with life. The lack of friends may also interfere with another important area of adolescents’ lives: school environment. Adolescents who do not have friends do not enjoy school and are involved more often in bullying behaviours.Peer group is often associated to great engagement in risk behaviour, yet the lack of friends can also have a negative impact on health and well-being. Keywords: Lack of friends, Risk behaviour, Well-being, Adolescents Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-51 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310137 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/137 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:43-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salifu Katara Author-Name: S.K. Amponsah Title: Project Planning and Scheduling, the Critical Path Method Approach. BUI Power Project as a Case Study Abstract: This paper is aimed at minimizing project time subject to the available resources using Critical Path Method (CPM) as a planning and scheduling tool and the visual display of activities to showing project execution flow and coordination between activities based on a defined algorithm using the Bui Power Project (BPP) as a case study. Data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources from a sample of 50 selected respondents consisting of consultants, engineers and other workers of the Bui Power Project using non probability sampling techniques. Analysis of data was network based and use was made of Lingo software and GenStat in solving linear programming problems and performing some statistical test respectively. Sensitivity analysis and improvement to optimality using various methods were also looked at to meeting an optimum value. Keywords: Project planning, scheduling, Critical Path Method, Network, Heuristics, Spanning tree Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-41 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311140 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/140 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:33-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yi-Fang Chang Title: Quantized Phenomena in Astronomy and Astronomic Quantum Theory Abstract: The Titius-Bode law may be represented to a new form . From this we can develop a quantum theory, and obtain the quantum constants of the solar system, and derive the astronomical Schrodinger equation. So many quantities of the solar system can be quantized, and the distance rule is a statistical result of planet evolution. Here Neptune, many satellites, some exoplanets and ten satellite galaxies of Galaxy agree with the same form. Further, there should be the extensive quantum theory, which has different quantum constants but similar formulations. Its mathematical base is fractal. The anthropic principle is derived exactly. Using the geometric average method, three different values of the quantum constants of man, cell and macromolecule may be derived for biological, chemical and physical discrete systems with different scales. Based on the quantized phenomena in astronomy and the extensive quantum theory, quantizations of red-shift and celestial rings, binary stars and some new hypothesis, etc., are researched. Then, the quantum vacuum and the similarity between celestial bodies and particles are discussed. Finally, some problems on the evolution of galaxies, cosmos and so on are investigated from the general relativity and the qualitative analysis theory. Keywords: astronomy, quantum theory, solar system, quantum constant, Schrodinger equation, binary stars, ring, vacuum, galaxy, cosmos Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-73 Volume: 2 Issue: 02 Year: 2013 Month: February Number: V2201301141 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/141 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/v2-201302-20.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:2:p:58-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Violet Zengeya-Makuku Author-Name: V. Matswetu Author-Name: W. Munakandafa Title: The Impact Of Selected Instructional Factors On The Quantity And Quality Of Computer Skills Acquisition And Use By University Students Abstract: Zimbabwean universities incorporated Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) into their curricula as a key aspect enabling students to improve ICT skills quality through Internet researching, communication and using software packages for learning and future employment. However, numerous factors influence computer skills acquisition and use among these students whose levels of computer literacy vary due to their divergent educational and social backgrounds. A qualitative case study was done to find out how particular factors influenced the quantity and quality of computer skills attained by students doing the Introduction to Computers CS101 course and how this relates to students’ final competence levels and ICTs usage. Findings of the study indicate that whilst lecturers have the requisite qualifications to teach the course, the shortage of resources, lack of differentiation of students as well as inconsistency in lecture attendance by both students and lecturers compromise the quality and quantity of skills attained by students. In addition time allocation during lessons, and the assessment procedure are strongly skewed in favour of the theoretical, rather than the practical component. Attachment and library services were very supportive in refining I.C.T. skills. Time allocation during lessons and the assessment procedure should reflect that the course is practical oriented. The government could also assist in the provision of ICT infrastructure in schools and tertiary institutions. It is imperative for the relevant education ministries to enforce educational policy changes which make it mandatory for pupils and students to have certain Information Technology (I.T) skills before they complete particular main education levels. Keywords: Quality Assurance, Information and Communication Technologies, Computer Skills curriculum, Higher Education Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-52 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302143 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/143 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-02.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:42-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Owusu-Sekyere Author-Name: Opare-Asamoah Kwame Author-Name: Joseph Kofi Nkuah Title: Perceptions and Attitudes: The Challenge of Managing Buruli Ulcer Morbidity in Ghana Abstract: Although literature is replete on the possible causes of Buruli ulcer (BU), no one is sure where the bacterium lives in the environment. It is also a mystery how the mycobacterium enters the human body, though it is clear the bacterium is unable to do so by itself. Patients have therefore developed wrong perceptions and attitudes on the disease epidemiology and this has become a challenge to the management and intervention strategies put in place by health expects. The aim of this paper is therefore to highlight some of the wrong perceptions surrounding the disease and discuss some of the possible predisposing factors that affect its transmission and spread in the Amansie West District of Ghana. Using basically qualitative approach, the paper argues that managing the Buruli ulcer disease has been daunting because the strong local beliefs which also affects the choice of treatment by patients. The paper concludes that despite the wrong perception, the disease causing organism thrives well in arsenic rich aquatic environment. Any attempt to manage the disease therefore must first target the wrong perceptions and attitudes, in order to manage the reality. Keywords: Buruli ulcer, morbidity, myth, reality, Mycobacterium ulcerans Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-24 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302144 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/144 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:15-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Essam A. Mahmoud Author-Name: Ashraf A. Elbessoumy Title: Effect Of Curcumin On Hematological, Biochemical And Antioxidants Parameters In Schistosoma Mansoni Infected Mice Abstract: The present study aims to investigate the effect of curcumin on treatment of schistosoma mansoni infected mice. Sixty mice were used in this experiment were divided equally into four groups ,the first kept as control, the second supplemented with curcumin , the third infected with schistosoma mansoni and the fourth infected and treated with curcumin. Our results emphasized on the presence of anemia, leucopenia , neutropenia and eosinophilia in infected groups either treated or non-treated with an improvement in the treated group. The biochemical parameters; ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, albumin, AFP, TNF- α and lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL-C &LDL-C) improved significantly in infected treated mice compared with infected one. By the same way, results showed an improvement of some anti-oxidant parameters (MAD, GSH, CAT and SOD) in Schistosoma mansoni infected treated mice. Keywords: Schistosoma mansoni, Curcumin, Erythrocyte, Lucocytes, Liver enzymes, Antioxidant enzymes, Lipid profile Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-14 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302145 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/145 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:1-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ismail Massalimov Author-Name: Zaynitdinova R.M. Author-Name: Shaynurova A.R. Author-Name: Mustafin A.G. Title: The Efficancy of Micron and Nanoscale Sulfur the Schutte Fungi Abstract: Investigations of antifungal activity of micron and nanoscale forms of sulfur on two types of pathogenic Schutte fungi have been studied. As micronized sulfur used crushed in a roller mill, and as nanosized sulfur precipitated from a solution of sodium polysulfide. The size and shape of the particles of sulfur were characterized using a laser analyzer and probe microscope, the structure by X-ray diffractometer. Antifungal effects of sulfur particles in Sabouraud medium and field expierence have been studied. It is found that in all cases of laboratory and field expierence, antifungal activity of nanosized sulfur with an average particle size of 25 nm, 5-10 times higher than the sulfur micron with an average particle size of 8 microns. The results can be used to create more effective than conventional sulfur plant protection products. Keywords: sulfur, nanoparticles, dispersion, fungicide, Schutte fungi Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-30 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302146 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/146 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-06.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:25-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat Author-Name: Razak Wahab Author-Name: Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor Author-Name: Sitti Fatimah Mhd. Ramle Author-Name: Mahani Yusoff Author-Name: Siti Aisyah Nawawi Title: Compressed Oil Palm Fronds Composite: A Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties Abstract: The mechanical properties of composites consisting of compressed oil palm fronds have been investigated. Three maturity groups at different portion were bind together using two types of formaldehyde resin which were phenol and urea. Modulus of rupture (MOR) for bending strength of the compressed oil palm fronds composite increase from young to intermediate and mature maturity group for each portion, meanwhile decrease from bottom to middle and top portion for each maturity group. Same results trend have been recorded for modulus of elasticity (MOE) for bending strength and modulus of rupture (MOR) for compression strength. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between compressed oil palm fronds composite made from each maturity group and portion, but no differences were observed in the type of resin used. Keywords: Compressed oil palm fronds composite, phenol and urea formaldehyde, mechanical properties Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-41 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302147 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/147 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-07.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:31-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satu Uusiautti Author-Name: Kaarina Määttä Title: Who is a Suitable Teacher? The Over-100-Year Long History of Student Selection for Teacher Training in Finland Abstract: When many countries struggle with finding ways to attract the youth to apply for teacher training, Finland has about ten times more applicants than what is possible to take in. These applicants represent straight-A students. Indeed, constant debate about how to develop student selection so that the best of the best would be selected is going on in Finland. The selection for teacher training has long roots and the criteria have changed along the years, and yet, some themes have lasted unchanged. This article describes the history of selection processes for teacher training in Finland and discusses the significance and development of selection for finding the best persons as student teachers and prospective teachers. Keywords: Teacher selection, teacher student, teaching profession, professional development, teacher educator Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 109-118 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302153 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/153 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-17.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:109-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rajendra H. Bele Author-Name: Chitra Desai Title: Exploring CPU Scheduling Strategies in Xen Virtualization Technology Abstract: Xen is Open Source more popular virtualization solution provides lot of advantages and ready for various trials due to nature of Open Source. There are lots of migrations in the strategies utilized by Xen .While providing virtualization Xen implies different strategies for Resource Sharing, Memory virtualization, CPU Virtualization, I/O Virtualization etc. In Xen virtualization technology adjusting virtual machine to corresponding physical machine will play important role to enhance performance of the system this is prime duty of CPU Scheduler; hence we have considered CPU Virtualization in detail and attempted to explore CPU scheduling strategies its comparative study as well as research issues related to it. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-55 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302154 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/154 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-18.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:53-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Atomic and Ionic Radii of Elements and Bohr Radii from Ionization Potentials are Linked Through the Golden Ratio Abstract: In an earlier article, Bohr radius of hydrogen was shown to be the sum of two Golden sections pertaining to the electron and proton. This led to discovering that all bond lengths between same two atoms are sums of two Golden sections representing the radii of the anion and cation, and that the radii of adjacent atoms and or ions in chemical bonds are additive. Subsequently, atomic radii were shown to vary linearly with their Bohr radii obtained from the first ionization potentials. Reported here is a new finding mentioned in the title, for elements of Groups 1A - 8A. The electron is found to occupy a space of its own in the atoms, in support of works on solvated electrons and electrides. Keywords: Bond lengths, Covalent Radii, Ionic radii, Bohr radii, Golden sections, Main group elements, radii of electrons, Nuclear radii, Golden ratio Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 82-92 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302155 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/155 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:82-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N.A. Amenaghawon Author-Name: S.O. Areguamen Author-Name: N.T. Agbroko Author-Name: S.E. Ogbeide Author-Name: C.O. Okieimen Title: Modelling and Statistical Optimisation of Citric Acid Production from Solid State Fermentation of Sugar Cane Bagasse using Aspergillus Niger Abstract: This study investigated the production of citric acid from solid state fermentation of treated sugarcane bagasse using Aspergillus niger. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimisation of fermentation conditions namely broth pH, fermentation time and substrate loading. A three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) comprising 15 experimental runs was used to develop a statistical model for the optimisation of fermentation conditions. The optimal fermentation conditions that resulted in the maximum citric acid concentration were broth pH, 2.0; fermentation time, 6 days and substrate loading, 80 g/L. Under these conditions, the concentration of citric acid produced was 18.63 g/L. Validation of the model indicated no difference between predicted and observed values as seen in the high correlation between model predicted results and experimental results. Keywords: Citric acid, solid state fermentation, Box-Behnken design, Sugarcane bagasse Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-62 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302156 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/156 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-21.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:56-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damdingiin Bayarlkhagva Author-Name: Munkhjargal Bayarlkhagva Author-Name: Bayarmaa Gun-Aajav Author-Name: Shinebayar Batsuuri Title: Genetic Diversity of Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Sequence of Siberian Roe Deer (Capreolus Pygargus) Inhabiting Mongolia Abstract: Roe deer, the only species among the twelve wild artiodactyls in Mongolia that is considered to have large population density and vast area of habitat, live in a herd throughout the year. Roe deer play important role for forest biodiversity. Balanced population density of roe deer affects sufficient regeneration and diversity of flora and fauna in forest. Living area of roe deer is getting disrupted by uncontrolled mining and overgrazing. In this case some small population of roe deer might be endangered. Therefore, if phylogenetic analysis among roe deer populations inhabiting Mongolia is carried out, propagation of the small and endangered roe deer population can be promoted. We have amplified and sequenced 1220 nucleotides of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop region in 12 Siberian (Capreolus pygargus) roe deer from 5 localities in Mongolia. The sequences were aligned with 51 published sequences of roe deer mtDNA D-loop region from GenBank by using the CLUSTAL W version 2.1. software. Phylogenetic reconstructions were performed by Maximum likelihood. Calculations and Maximum likelihood and Neighbor-Joining trees construction were conducted using the MEGA 5.1 software based on Kimura – 2 – parameter model considering transitions, transversions, and irrespective of the nucleotide position. Stability of the clustering order was assessed using bootstrap (100 permutations). The alignment showed 20 polymorphic sites including 13 transitions and 7 transversions, defined 12 haplotypes within our samples. The mean nucleotide divergence of roe deer haplogroups was 2.8% between Mongolian and Russian, 3.5% between Mongolian and Korean, 3.5% between Mongolian and Kyrgystani and 2.4% between Mongolian and Chinese roe deer. Phylogenetic tree showed every cluster has haplotypes representing roe deer in Mongolia, which could mean that Mongolia might be the center of migration for Siberian roe deer. Keywords: Siberian Roe Deer, mtDNA, D-loop, cluster, phylogenetics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-108 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302158 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/158 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-23.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:105-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dony Adriansyah Nazaruddin Author-Name: Kuvinn Mallar Armugam Author-Name: Razak Wahab Author-Name: Amal Najihah Muhamad Nor Author-Name: Norashikin Mohd Fauzi Title: Identification of Natural Resources and Features for Ecotourism Purposes in the Kelantan Delta Area, Malaysia Abstract: The aim of this research is to identify the natural resources and features in the Kelantan Delta area with regard to the suitability for ecotourism. This delta is famous for its mangrove forest and its natural beauty as the habitat of some natural resources. It is not only a considerable ecotourism area for people who live in Tumpat district and Kota Bharu district, where the delta is located, but also for people who living in other districts in the state of Kelantan, people from other states in Malaysia and tourists from overseas as well. Field observation was carried out in some islands of the delta to identify the natural resources and features of the area. The study clearly shows that the mangrove forest is the main attraction of the delta. Other resources and features also support the area to be promoted as an ecotourism site such as the diversity of flora and fauna, rivers, and delta environment. Keywords: Ecotourism, natural resources and features, the Kelantan Delta, mangrove forest, Kelantan Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-70 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302159 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/159 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:63-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dony Adriansyah Nazaruddin Author-Name: Rahmadhani Sulaiman Title: Introduction to “TSUNAMI TOURISM”: Notes from Aceh, Indonesia Abstract: The 26 December 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake with magnitude of 9.0 – 9.3 on the Richter Scale triggered a big tsunami that killed more than 200,000 people all over the world. Aceh (or its full name is Aceh Darussalam province) is the area hardest-hit by the tsunami then which caused the loss of around 170,000 local people and destroyed many buildings and infrastructures. After the tsunami, Aceh become well-known all over the world. The geohazard, however, has inspired Aceh authority and supported by Indonesia government and foreign countries to build some tsunami-related sites such as the Aceh Tsunami Museum, the Tsunami Educational Park, the Tsunami Inundation Monuments, the fishing boat atop a ruined house, and the “Aceh Thanks the World” Memorial Park. The curiosity about the tragedy is driving a new kind of tourism, i.e. tsunami tourism. This paper will expose about the occurrence of the 2004 Aceh earthquake and tsunami, the emergence of tsunami tourism, and the tsunami-related sites. These sites are important not only as the centres of tsunami education and symbolic reminders of the 2004 tsunami, but also as new tourism spots in Aceh. Keywords: Tsunami, tsunami tourism,tsunami-related sites, Aceh province, Indian Ocean Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 71-81 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302160 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/160 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-16.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:71-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan A. Gomez Author-Name: Juan Pablo Concha Author-Name: Bruno Neumann Title: Mathematical Model and Software for Multiple Location of Co-Generation Energy Plants: A Case Study in Southern Regions of Chile Abstract: This paper addresses the issue of locating and determining the area of supply of various cogeneration energy plants, based on forest biomass. Two models are proposed, binary and mixed programming, depending on whether or not to allow the intersection between supply areas. Each model computes the ideal places to install biomass plants and their respective supply areas of raw material, since the latter are handled implicitly by the decision variables. We also propose two solution strategies depending on the size of the problem: Branch and cut algorithm for problems of medium size and heuristics associated with a genetic algorithm for large problems. We also develop software that automates the construction of the appropriate model, based on information provided by the user, delivering the optimal locations together with supply areas for the number and type of plants desired. Keywords: Cogeneration energy, Biomass forestry, Multiple Location, Mixed and Binary Programming, Genetic Algorithm Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 93-104 Volume: 2 Issue: 03 Year: 2013 Month: March Number: V2201302161 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/161 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201303-24.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:3:p:93-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Celestino Ruggiero Author-Name: Salvatore Ascione Author-Name: Cosimo Vitale Title: Contribution of Growth Components on Relative, Plant, Crop and Tuber Growth Rate of Nine Potato Cultivars in Southern Italy Abstract: Nine potato cultivars were field-grown to determine relative growth rate (RGR), crop growth rate (CGR) and tuber growth rate (TGR) in order to ascertain which of these parameters, namely leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR), are most closely correlated with the differences among the cultivars in RGR, CGR and TGR. Nine samplings were carried, for short-cycle, and 11 for long-cycle cultivars, every seven days. The relations between all the indexes considered for all cultivars were analysed with simple linear correlation, separately for weekly data, every four and eight weeks. The data were also subjected to multivariate analysis with the three-stage least squares estimation method. Relations between RGR, CGR and TGR, and LAR, LMR, SLA, LAI and NAR, varied according to the length of the measurement interval and analytical method employed. Based on simple correlation analysis for seven-day periods, RGR CGR and TGR always proved closely and positively correlated with values of NAR, less so with LAR and LMR, and still less with LAI, and only slightly correlated with SLA. For four-week intervals, correlation with NAR appeared weak and for eight-week intervals even negative, while the relation with LAR and LAI increased. From multivariate analysis it emerged that the predominant factor affecting RGR was LAR which, together with LAI, negatively conditions NAR. Upon CGR and TGR an important role is played by LAI which directly and positively affects CGR and TGR, and negatively NAR. Time always showed a negative effect on NAR and positive on RGR and CGR, while LAR had a negative effect on NAR, CGR and TGR.In conclusion, for short periods the differences between cultivars in RGR, CGR and TGR appear chiefly explained by variations in NAR. For long periods and considering the relations among the various traits evidenced by multivariate analysis, the importance of NAR appears less marked, while the morphological traits, namely LAR in determining RGR and LAI for CGR and TGR, assume greater importance. Keywords: potato, biomass allocation, growth analysis, RGR, CGR, TGR, NAR, LAR, LAI, LMR, SLA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-11 Volume: 2 Issue: 06 Year: 2013 Month: June Number: V2201305162 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/162 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201306-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:6:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mandoga Edward Author-Name: Zenda Tonderai Title: Adapting to Social Change Through Re-engineering the Teacher Training Programme Abstract: In this research, an endeavour is made to highlight the experience of lecturers at one institution in response to changes brought about by curriculum re-engineering. In a quest to realign itself with changing professional trends in the education sector, Mutare Teachers’ College (MTC) in Zimbabwe transformed its curriculum from being largely content based to competence and skills based. This was achieved through rebranding the curriculum to give more emphasis to teaching methodology than content in its teacher training programme. The discussion is based on an analysis of data collected through questionnaires and interviews from a sample of twenty out of 104 lecturers. The study revealed that the majority of lecturers perceived emphasis on teaching methodology as being significantly related to good performance of the students on teaching practice. On the basis of this observation, the study recommends instituting a more sustained implementation plan to ensure that there is a total buy-in of the new thrust from all lecturers. Keywords: Re-engineering, rebranding, teaching methodology, synchronisation, teaching practice curriculum change Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-43 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303163 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/163 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-02.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:37-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cristiane Silva Chitarra Author-Name: Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula Author-Name: Johanna Carolina Schvarzbach dos Santos Author-Name: Ana Carolina Silva de Faria Author-Name: João Xavier de Oliveira Filho Author-Name: Marcelo Marques da Silveira Author-Name: Anderson Castro Soares de Oliveira Author-Name: Carolina Argenta Pescador Author-Name: Luciano Nakazato Author-Name: Valéria Dutra Title: Detection of Pasteurella Multocida by qPCR Associated with Pneumonic Lung in Pigs Slaughtered in Mato Grosso Brazil Abstract: Pasteurella multocida is considered a important pathogens of swine respiratory system, causing progressive atrophic rhinitis, septicemia and pneumonia in pigs. The aim of this study is to quantify Pasteurella multocida in lungs of slaughtered pigs with and without pneumonia by qPCR technique and evaluate the interactions between bacteria and viruses by analyzing the association and the correlation between them using qPCR, microbiological and histopathological examinations of the lungs. Of the 109 samples collected, 61 samples showed no macroscopic lesions and 48 samples with macroscopic lesions. A total of 45.8% (22/48) of lung lesion group and 4.9% (3/61) of the group without lesions were positive for P. multocida isolation, being the only significant association with the lesion and control groups (p <0.000). Based on the number of copies of the kmt1 gene of P. multocida present in the lesion group (8.25 copies) and in the control group (1.6 copies) there is a significant difference (p <0.05). The qPCR technique for detection of P. multocida was efficient for being more sensitive than the microbiological method, demonstrating that a larger number of kmt1 gene copies is in GL suggest that P. multocida is an important agent in the development of pneumonia. Keywords: Pasteurella multocida, pig, qPCR, swine respiratory complex Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-31 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303167 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/167 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-07.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:25-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Bond Lengths, Bond Angles and Bohr Radii from Ionization Potentials Related via the Golden Ratio for H2+, O2, O3, H2O, SO2, NO2 and CO2 Abstract: In a recent paper, it was shown that the atomic radii of main Group elements are directly proportional to their ground state Bohr radii obtained from the first ionization potentials, with the proportionality constant involving the Golden ratio. It was demonstrated in earlier articles that atomic and Golden ratio based ionic radii are additive in chemical bond lengths. Here the bond lengths and angles are interpreted in terms of the respective Bohr radii and the Golden ratio. Simple molecules present on our Earth and in the environment, which are of importance to our lives have been chosen here as examples. Keywords: Bond lengths, Bond angles, Bohr radii, Golden ratio, Water molecule, Ozone, Atmospheric molecules Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303168 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/168 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-08.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Van Dat Tran Title: Effects of Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) on Academic Achievement, and Attitudes of Grade 9th Secondary School Students towards Mathematics Abstract: This study investigated the effect of cooperative learning on the academic achievement in mathematics and attitudes of 74 9th-grade mathematics students toward mathematics in a high school in Vietnam. Using a pre-test-post-test nonequivalent comparison-group design and t test for independent samples, it was found that after approximately 5 weeks students (n = 36) who were instructed using cooperative learning achieved significantly higher scores on the mathematics post-test than did students (n = 38) who were instructed using lecture-based teaching, t (72) = 2.68, df = 58.49, p < .05. The results of this study also reported that the experimental group had significantly higher scores than the control group on both Enjoyment and Value scales of attitudes toward mathematics (t (72) = 2.81, df = 53.68, p < .05; t (72) = 2.86, df = 55.58, p < .05, respectively). The study concluded that cooperative learning was effective in improving the academic achievement level of participating students, and in promoting the positive attitudes of students toward mathematics in the level of Vietnamese high schools. Keywords: Cooperative learning, STAD learning, achievement, attitudes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-15 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303170 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/170 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:5-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Honggui Deng Author-Name: Sheng-wei Guo Author-Name: Jian Duan Title: A Novel Accelerating Algorithm and Its Implement in Real Sequence FFT Abstract: We propose an improved FFT algorithm, which costs only a half of the calculation time compared with the conventional FFT if the input data are real numbers. The algorithm is optimized by dividing 2N data points into 2 separated groups through parity. The odd part and even part of the 2N data points are used as the real part and imaginary part of a new complex data sequence with N data points. After FFT of this new data sequence, the FFT of the original 2N data points can be calculated through formulations. From our experiment based on FPGA, this new implementation is more effective than conventional FFT by saving half of calculation time. Keywords: FFT, real sequence, FPGA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 84-88 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303171 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/171 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-12.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:84-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adalberto Pandolfo Author-Name: Neckel A. Author-Name: Bisognin A. Author-Name: Goellner E. Author-Name: Pandolfo L.M. Author-Name: Tagliari L.D. Title: Environmental Green Area Recovery Abstract: Green areas have been historically managed in an inappropriate manner towards their purposes of urban as well as environmental character, undermining the biota. These areas are typically governed by development plans which are proposed by the municipality. However, proposals are also taken by the community to competent bodies. Then, it was tried to fit the green area of the University City Lot - LCU in Passo Fundo to its natural purpose: preservation area for parks, then the community association was included in the context together with professors of the engineering course of Passo Fundo University. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop the accomplishment of improvements of the LCU green area, according to the laws that govern the preservation of the environment and community as needed. With these actions, the green area must have a social function for the community, which now operates actively for preserving the site. Keywords: Urbanization, Environmental Degradation, Environmental Preservation, Community, Environmental Education Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-53 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303172 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/172 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:44-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alagbu Chukwubuikem Eugene Author-Name: Alagbu C. A. Author-Name: E. O. Agwubuike Title: Perception of Exercise as Psychogenic Aids in the Improvement of Cardiovascular Health: Implications to Sports Administration among Young Academic Staff of Unizik Awka Abstract: The study was carried out to examine the perception of young academic staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka (UNIZIK) on Exercise as psychogenic aid for improvement of cardiovascular health, its implications in the administration of sports among these class of people generally. Exercise whether it is performed as recreation or in a mild or high intensity competitive form, aims at the overall cardiovascular health improvement of the participants or beneficiaries. Hence a better perception of exercise as psychogenic aid in the improvement of cardiovascular health of an individual would lead to increased participation void of much coercion or persuasions, hence paving way for easier sports administration and management. The design of the study was the descriptive survey research. The population of the study comprised of male and female young academic staff from six faculties namely Education, Social Sciences, Management Sciences, Arts, Engineering and Law. The simple random sampling technique was utilized to select 17 samples from each of the 6 faculties. The research instrument was the modified Likert – type questionnaire with four point rating scales of Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. The instrument was pilot-tested on 20 young academic staff of faculty of Health Sciences Nnewi Campus which did not form part of the population for the study, and yielded a reliability index of 0.81. The analysis of the data, utilized the inferential statistics of chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed that these young academic members of staff perceive that active/regular participation in exercise has significant impact on the improvement of the cardiovascular health of an individual. Recommendations were made. Keywords: Psychogenic aid, administration of sports cardiovascular health, perception, young academic staff, mild competitive form, high intensity competitive form, coercion, persuasions, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka (UNIZIK) psychogenic, cardiovascular health related diseases, exercise level of intensity, psychological benefits, physiological benefit Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-36 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303173 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/173 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-14.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:32-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leandro Melendez Lugo Author-Name: Pablo Chauvet Author-Name: Jaime Klapp Title: A General Solution to Einstein Abstract: Several papers have reported approximate solutions to Einstein's equations in the Mixmaster universe model. Through a specific scheme, a general solution is obtained here. A particular instance of this solution is also studied which proves to be equivalent to proposing from the start a Wick rotation intended to recreate the evolution of the Mixmaster cosmology in the Hartle-Hawking time. Keywords: Einstein's equations, Cosmology, General Relativity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-62 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303174 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/174 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:54-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Atomic, Ionic and Bohr Radii Linked via the Golden Ratio for Elements of Groups 1 - 8 Including Lanthanides and Actinides Abstract: In an earlier article, atomic radii of elements of Groups 1A - 8A were shown to be proportional to their Bohr radii obtained from the first ionization potentials and the constants of proportionality were shown to be simple functions of the Golden ratio. Here it is shown that the above finding holds also for elements of Groups 1B - 8B including Lanthanides and Actinides. All the relevant data are presented in Tables and the correlations are shown in graphs. Revised data for some of the elements of Groups 1A - 8A, have also been included. Keywords: Bond lengths, Covalent radii, Ionic radii, Bohr radii, Golden ratio, Group 1- 8 elements, Lanthanides, Actinides, Radii of electrons, Nuclear radii Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-68 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303176 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/176 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-18.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:63-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuan Chen Tsai Title: Assessing Creative Products by Experts Abstract: The product-orientated definition of creativity is widely acceptable because it is empirically objective and adequately reliable. The objective of this study was oriented toward understanding experts’ perceptions of creativity evaluated by experts. The perceptional map indicates that two dimensions clearly existed in the assessment of creativity among six experts. It is speculated that these two dimensions might be related to technical and aesthetic factors. Overall, the homogeneity of six experts’ perceptions of creativity on 46 collages implies that the product approach to some extent is a valid assessment of creativity. However, it is clear that more research is needed in the application of expert judges on creative products. Keywords: Creativity assessment, creative product, perceptional map, multidimensional scaling Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-17 Volume: 2 Issue: 05 Year: 2013 Month: May Number: V2201304178 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/178 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201305-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:5:p:13-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ebenezer Owusu-Sekyere Author-Name: Emmanuel Harris Author-Name: Ebenezer Bonyah Title: Forecasting and Planning for Solid Waste Generation in the Kumasi Metropolitan Area of Ghana: An ARIMA Time Series Approach Abstract: One major challenge facing the Kumasi Metropolitan Area (KMA) is the inability of city authorities to manage solid waste due to lack of proper planning and the inability of the authorities to forecast and predict the quantity of solid waste that will be generated in the coming years, based on current trends. This research, which is a predictive study, uses the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) time series model to explore the dynamics of solid waste generation and also forecast monthly solid waste generation in the KMA. This study used monthly solid waste generation data from 2005 to 2010 that was obtained from the solid waste department of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly. The data was analyzed by applying ARIMA time series model. The results showed that in general, the trend of solid waste generation peaked in December 2008. The analysis indicated that ARIMA (1, 1, 1) was the best model for forecasting solid waste generation in the KMA. The forecast revealed that for the next couple of years, the generation of solid waste will continue to increase as a result of the high rate of urbanization in the metropolis. The research is therefore of the view that sustainable solid management programmes should be put in place to rescue the current situation and also plan for the anticipated solid waste predicted by the research. Keywords: Solid waste, Autoregressive (AR), Moving Average (MA) and ARIMA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 69-83 Volume: 2 Issue: 04 Year: 2013 Month: April Number: V2201303179 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/179 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201304-17.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:4:p:69-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Citlalli Gaona-Tiburcio Author-Name: S. Rodríguez Author-Name: L. Hernández Author-Name: O. Guarneros Author-Name: A. Cárdenas Title: Steel Microstructure and Compressive Strength in Mortar When an Electrochemical Chloride Extraction is Applied Abstract: The focus of this paper is to examine and review how applications of Electrochemical Chloride Extraction (ECE) affect the mortar mechanical properties. The mortar specimens were prepared with water/cement (w/c) ratio of 0.5 and contaminated with 5% of NaCl by mass of cement. A clean steel rod was centrally embedded in each specimen. The electrochemical treatments were based on different electrical current densities of 1, 3, 6 and 9 A/m2 that were applied for 15 days. The state of corrosion was monitored before, during and after applying ECE regularly for two weeks. Selected samples from the cover zone of the untreated and treated specimens were taken to assess their chloride profiles. Despite being a slight change in the microstructure at the surface of the steel rod when this technique was applied (high current densities), the results of the compressive strength on mortars were not affected by ECE. Keywords: Corrosion, Chloride, Mortar, Microstructure, Compressive Strength Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 2 Issue: 05 Year: 2013 Month: May Number: V2201304184 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/184 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201305-06.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:5:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Golden Ratio Based Fine Structure Constant and Rydberg Constant for Hydrogen Spectra Abstract: The surprising discovery that Bohr radius is divided at the Golden point into two sections pertaining to the electron and proton due to electrostatic reasons led to the general finding that it is a geometrical constant in atomic and ionic radii, bond lengths and bond angles. In an earlier article, the fine structure constant was also interpreted in terms of the Golden ratio. Here experimental data on wavelengths of hydrogen spectral lines have been used to evaluate the Rydberg constant, fine structure constant and Sommerfeld's relativity factor and are all shown to be simple functions of the Golden ratio. Keywords: Hydrogen spectra, fine structure constant, Golden ratio, Relativity factor, Rydberg constant, Rydberg formula, Bohr radius Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-31 Volume: 2 Issue: 05 Year: 2013 Month: May Number: V2201304185 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/185 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201305-08.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:5:p:28-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marwa Mohammed M. Ghareeb Author-Name: Ahmed Sharaf Eldin Author-Name: Taysir Hassan A. Soliman Author-Name: Mohammed Ebrahim Marie Title: A Deeply Glimpse into Protein Fold Recognition Abstract: The rapid growth in genomic and proteomic data causes a lot of challenges that are raised up and need powerful solutions. It is worth noting that UniProtKB/TrEMBL database Release 28-Nov-2012 contains 28,395,832 protein sequence entries, while the number of stored protein structures in Protein Data Bank (PDB, 4-12-2012) is 65,643. Thus, the need of extracting structural information through computational analysis of protein sequences has become very important, especially, the prediction of the fold of a query protein from its primary sequence has become very challenging. The traditional computational methods are not powerful enough to address theses challenges. Researchers have examined the use of a lot of techniques such as neural networks, Monte Carlo, support vector machine and data mining techniques. This paper puts a spot on this growing field and covers the main approaches and perspectives to handle this problem. Keywords: Protein fold recognition, Neural network, Evolutionary algorithms, Meta Servers. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-33 Volume: 2 Issue: 06 Year: 2013 Month: June Number: V2201305187 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/187 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201306-02.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:6:p:24-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rosaizan Haryani Rosli Author-Name: Kang Xin Gang Title: Diameter Growth Studies of Dipterocarp Hill Forest in Selangor Forest Reserves, Malaysia Abstract: A growth study is important in the management of hill dipterocarp forest in Malaysia. The future of role in management of hill dipterocarp forest was depending on how well the remaining available resource is managed today. In order to achieve sustainability of forest management and to better understanding of forest stand and behavior, accurate growth data were important to outline the management strategies. Specific information on the behavior of particular forest stands pertaining to growth performance, mortality, density, structure and species composition is urgently required to evaluate the management system. This study is aim to determine the diameter growth performance in hill dipterocarp forest after harvesting. The study was conducted in a logged-over hill dipterocarp forest at Sungai Lalang Forest Reserve, Selangor. Results show, the overall Diameter Mean Annual Increment of 0.4518 cm yr-1 for all trees 10cm to 30cm DBH and Diameter Mean Annual Increment of 0.5638 cm yr-1 for all trees 30cm DBH is considerably lower than the rate of 0.8 to 1.0cm yr-1 assumed under Selective Management Systems. Although Diameter Mean Annual Increment of dipterocarp (Dipterocarp Meranti= 0.6248 cm yr-1, Dipterocarp Non Meranti = 0.3314 cm yr-1 ) were higher than that of non dipterocarp, their overall contribution to forest growth was small due to their lower stocking in the residual stand. The results from this study have provided some understanding of growth in hill dipterocarp forest after harvesting. This should be useful for planning future research on growth and for guidelines for current management system of tropical forests, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. Keywords: Diameter Growth, Hill Dipterocarp Forest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-23 Volume: 2 Issue: 06 Year: 2013 Month: June Number: V2201305189 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/189 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201306-03.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:6:p:18-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iqtie Qamar Laila Mohd Gani Title: Current Situation of Illegal Logging in Peninsular Malaysia Abstract: A study was conducted to observe the trends of illegal logging and the current situation of illegal logging in Peninsular Malaysia. Data and information from year 2001 to 2010 on volume of log productions (m³) and volume of illegal log productions (m³) were collected mainly from the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (FDPM) and other sources. Correlation analysis was carried out to determine the direction and the strength of the relationship between log productions and illegal log productions whether the relationship is significant or not significant. Currently, the trends of illegal logging are linear increasing with low percentage at 18% or 66 cases per year. The factors investigated, log productions and illegal log productions resulted have a weak negative relationship as r = -0.271, p = 0.603 and do not significantly correlated. The illegal log productions are inversely relate with the log productions. It is concluded that log productions in Peninsular Malaysia is not significant with the illegal log productions and the situation is under control and long-term plans should be taken to prevent the problem becomes worse. Keywords: Illegal logging, current situation, Peninsular Malaysia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-17 Volume: 2 Issue: 06 Year: 2013 Month: June Number: V2201305190 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/190 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201306-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:6:p:12-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdolreza Pazhakh Author-Name: Masoomeh Barani Tashari Author-Name: Bahman Gorjian Title: The Effect of Explicit and Implicit Instruction on Developing Pragmatic Competence of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners: The Case of the Speech Act of Complaint Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effect of explicit and implicit instructions on developing pragmatic competence among Iranian intermediate EFL learners using speech act of complaint. To homogenize participants, Nelson (Fowler & Coe, 1976) test was administered, and a homogeneous sample comprised of 33 males and 9 females were selected from a population of 90 at the intermediate level. Then the homogenized sample was randomly assigned to two experimental groups, A and B. After that, learners were given a Discourse Completion Test (DCT) pre-test. The two groups were under the explicit and implicit instructions of the instructor, separately, at Masjed.I.Soleiman (MIS) Oil Company for 14 sessions. Having been exposed to the treatments, the two groups took a similar post-test to see whether learners learned complain strategies appropriately. The results of three t-tests indicated that there was a significant difference between the performances of both experimental groups on pre and post-test, and finally post-tests. Consequently, the results of the study also confirmed that pragmatic competence could be developed through implicit instruction to some extent and explicit instructions of speech act of complaint to a more extent. Keywords: Explicit and Implicit Instruction, Pragmatic Competence, Speech Act of Complaint Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 114-118 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308192 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/192 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130945.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:114-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allen D. Parks Title: Clique Complex Homology: A Combinatorial Invariant for Chordal Graphs Abstract: It is shown that a geometric realization of the clique complex of a connected chordal graph is homologically trivial and as a consequence of this it is always the case for any connected chordal graph G that ∑_(k=1)^ω(G)â–’(-1)^(k-1) η_k (G)=1, where η_k (G) is the number of cliques of order k in G and ω(G) is the clique number of G. Keywords: algebraic graph theory, chordal graph, clique complex, hypergraph, homology, Mayer-Vietoris theorem, graph invariant, Euler-Poincaré formula Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-100 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306194 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/194 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:96-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adil A. Gobouri Author-Name: Ishaq A. Zaafarany Author-Name: Refat M. Hassan Title: Novel Synthesis of Diketo-Acid Chondroitin-4-sulfate as Coordination Biopolymer Precursor through Oxidation of Chondroitin-4-sulfate by Alkaline Permanganate Abstract: Coordination biopolymer diketo-acid derivative of chondroitin-4-sulfate (DKA-CS) was prepared by the oxidation of CS with potassium permanganate in alkaline solution at pH's > 12. The chemical structure of the synthesized heterocyclic macromolecule (DKA-CS) has been characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. The tendency of DKA-CS as a coordination biopolymer chelating agent for some metal ions has been examined. A tentative mechanism consistent with the experimental results for oxidation is suggested. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-11 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306195 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/195 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-05.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ette Harrison Etuk Author-Name: Imoh Udo Moffat Author-Name: Benjamin Ele Chims Title: Modelling Monthly Rainfall Data of Port Harcourt, Nigeria by Seasonal Box-Jenkins Methods Abstract: Brief review of literature of the well documented seasonal Box-Jenkins modelling is done. Rainfall is a seasonal phenomenon the world over. For illustrative purposes, monthly rainfall as measured in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, is modelled by a (5, 1, 0)x(0, 1, 1)12 seasonal ARIMA model. The time-plot shows no noticeable trend. The known and expected seasonality is clear from the plot. Seasonal (i.e. 12-point) differencing of the data is done, then a nonseasonal differencing is done of the seasonal differences. The correlogam of the resultant series reveals the expected 12-monthly seasonality, and the involvement of a seasonal moving average component in the first place and a nonseasonal autoregressive component of order 5. Hence the model mentioned above. The adequacy of the modelled has been established. Keywords: Seasonal Time Series, ARIMA model, rainfall, Port Harcourt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-67 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306196 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/196 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-06.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:60-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Dirseu Galli Title: Stability Evaluation of Anthocyanin Extracted from Processed Grape Residues Abstract: Anthocyanins are extremely important phenolic compounds due to their antioxidant potential. They are used as natural colorants in food industry, but upon the industrial processes, they show low stability. Grape and grape-made products are a source of several phenolic compounds and the residues proceeding from wine making may display a large amount of these compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the stability of anthocyanins extracted from grape residues industrially processed for wine making. For the evaluation, the residues of grapes Bordô and Isabel, which were extracted with ethanol 70% acidified to pH 2.0, were used. For stability analysis, the application of organic compounds co-pigments, such as caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids at 0.5; 0.8; 1:1 (p/v) concentrations, was evaluated. The acid that showed higher stability was p-coumaric acid at a 1:1 (p/v) concentration, with 84.37% of retention time and half-life of 1,634 days. The use of these organic acids as stabilizers in solution increased anthocyanins useful lifetime. Keywords: Vitis labrusca L, Anthocyanins, Co-pigments, Organic Acids Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-18 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306199 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/199 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:12-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cassia Inês Lourenzi Franco Rosa Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Auri Brackmann Title: Post-Harvest Conservation Of Orange cv. Folha Murcha Treated With 1-MCP And Stored Under Refrigeration Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the postharvest quality of oranges cv. Folha Murcha, treated with 1-MCP and stored for 60 days at 7, 14 and 25 °C. The analysis performed every 15 days were: weight loss, percentage of juice, content of soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA), and content of vitamin C, phenolic compounds and total carotenoids. Results showed: 1-MCP did not provide greater postharvest conservation for fruits analyzed; the application of 1-MCP did not changed the chemical characteristics as SS, TA, vitamin C, carotenoids and phenolic compounds; and the shorter the period between harvesting and cooling, the better was the preservation of fruits. Keywords: Citrus sinensis L, ethylene, low temperature Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-75 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306200 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/200 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:68-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christoph Dehner MD Author-Name: Wolfram Hell MD Author-Name: Michael Kraus MD Author-Name: Götz Röderer MD Author-Name: Michael Kramer MD Title: Influence of Anthropometry on the Kinematics of the Cervical Spine in Frontal Sled Tests Abstract: Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of anthropometric factors on the kinematics of the cervical spine during in-vivo frontal collisions. Methods: Therefore a frontal collision with a mean velocity change (delta-V) of 10.2 km/h was simulated in a sled test with ten healthy volunteers (seven men and three women). A high-speed camera was used to document motion data. Acceleration data were recorded using accelerometers. The study analyzed the association of anthropometric factors with defined kinematical characteristics.Results: A smaller neck circumference led to an earlier peak of the dorsal horizontal head acceleration (r=0.602), an earlier beginning of the ventral head translation (r=0.742) and a greater maximal head flexion (r=-0.717). A smaller body weight led to a later beginning of the head flexion acceleration (r=-0.713) and a greater maximal head flexion (r=-0.620). With a smaller thorax circumference the beginning of the dorsal horizontal head acceleration (r=0.623), the peak of the head flexion acceleration (r=0.756) and the peak of the head extension acceleration (r=0.679) were reached earlier. Conclusions: The main findings of the present study consist in the identification of relevant anthropometric parameters (neck and thorax circumference and body weight) on the cervical spine kinematics. Specific anthropometric factors increasing the risk of injury could not be identified. The head movement is mainly associated with the neck circumference and the body weight. The onset and occurrence of the acceleration parameter is mainly associated with the thorax circumference. Keywords: frontal impact, anthropometric factors, head-neck kinematics, volunteer sled tests, whiplash Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-36 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306202 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/202 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-13.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:26-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uduma-Olugu N. Author-Name: Okedele O. S. Author-Name: Adebamowo M. Author-Name: Obiefuna J. N. Title: Perception of Suitability of Landscape Features of the Lagos Lagoon for Tourism by its Users and Users of Lagos Coastal Tourism Venues Abstract: The Lagos lagoon is a major geographical feature in Lagos Metropolis and is the largest of the network of lagoons that stretch from the Republic of Benin through to the Nigerian Niger Delta. Some parts of the Lagos lagoon waterfront has degenerated into a slum with non-distinctive housing, mainly shanties at various points, wood processing, sand dredging, markets and commercial fishing activities. Water-based tourism is a proven revenue earner globally, usually providing revenue for the government and a source of enjoyment, employment and recreation to the residents and visitors alike. The tourism potentials of the lagoon remain largely untapped. To determine the place of landscape features of the Lagos Lagoon in its suitability for tourism, the paper evaluates its landscape characteristics and compares the perception of users of water-based recreation destinations along the its waterfront with those of users of similar tourist attractions along the Lagos coast. The aim of the study is to answer questions of landscape perception and assessment of the area and to identify other factors which may be of relevance to its tourism development. Using structured questionnaires with pictures of the landscape features of the lagoon, field survey and interviews, the study identified the communities, problems, and factors influencing tourism at three venues on the lagoon waterfront and three water tourism venues along the Lagos coast. Results show that the landscape characteristics of the lagoon have a very significant effect on tourism in the area. It also identified the major factors influencing the tourism development of the Lagos Lagoon. The outcome of the research will be of benefit to property owners in the area, architects, landscape architects, tourists, visitors, industry practitioners and policy makers in determining appropriate facilities and land-use planning options in developing the natural resource. Keywords: Landscape assessment and perception, tourism, water-based recreation, suitability and Lagos Lagoon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-46 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306204 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/204 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-15.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:37-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yougui Wang Author-Name: Guobin Zhou Author-Name: Wanting Xiong Title: A Dynamic Approach to Money Supply Abstract: In this paper, we present the mechanism of money supply from a dynamic perspective, in which the behaviors of the sectors involved in the process of money creation and the interplay among them are taken into account. Specially, we introduce households’ withdrawals of deposit and firms’ repayments to loan, which are ignored in the conventional statement of money creation process. By deriving and analyzing the equilibrium solution to the dynamic equations which characterize the process, we can discuss the corresponding influence of each sector on the money supply. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-53 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306206 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/206 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-17.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:47-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Frode Moen Title: Burnout among Junior Athletes Abstract: This article looks at whether lower levels of perceived satisfaction with own progress academically in school and in sport, were associated with higher levels of Athlete Burnout among junior athletes attending different high schools specialized for sports In order to explore this, we investigated junior athletes’ perceptions of their own feeling regarding the different dimensions of Athlete Burnout, and how these perceptions related to their own satisfaction with their progress academically in school and in sport during the last year. The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) measures three dimensions of Athlete Burnout, Accomplishments, Exhaustion and Devaluation. Our hypothesis was partly confirmed as the results revealed that lower levels of perceived satisfaction with progress academically in school were associated with higher Athlete Burnout. This result applies for the dimensions Exhaustion and Devaluation as well as the sum of Athlete Burnout. The athletes who reported to be very dissatisfied with their progress academically reported that they frequently felt exhausted and devaluated their sports. However, only the dimension Accomplishments was associated with Athlete Burnout when satisfaction with own progress in school was analysed. Keywords: Athlete Burnout, junior athletes, sport schools Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-84 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306209 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/209 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-22.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:76-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lilia Willadino Author-Name: Nise de Fátima Coutinho Souto Author-Name: Cláudia Ulisses Author-Name: Ana Lúcia Figueiredo Porto Author-Name: Terezinha Camara Author-Name: Marina Medeiros de Araújo Silva Title: Embryos and Lateral Buds Culture of Tapeinochilos Ananassae (Hassk). K. Schum. Abstract: Zygotic embryos and lateral buds of Tapeinochilos ananassae were inoculated into full or half-strength MS medium (½ MS) containing three antioxidants: ascorbic acid, activated charcoal, and PVP at concentrations of 0.25; 3.0 and 0.5 g.L-1 respectively. The ½ MS medium supplemented with 3.0 g.L-1 activated charcoal resulted in the best embryo establishment and plant development. The lateral buds showed no significant development, an intense phenolic oxidation and high microbial contamination (mainly bacterial). Enzymatic analysis of oxidized lateral buds showed a decline in peroxidase activity and an increase in polyphenoloxidase activity. Keywords: tropical flowers, embryo culture, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-25 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306210 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/210 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-12.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:19-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Distortional Lifshitz Vectors and Helicity in Nematic Free Energy Density Abstract: Here we discuss the free energy of nematic liquid crystals using two vectors and the helicity, with the aim of having a compact form of its density. The two vectors are due to the splay and bend distortions of the director field. They have a polar nature, whereas the helicity is a pseudoscalar. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-59 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306211 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.211 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/211 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-21.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:54-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wen-Ching Chen Author-Name: Miao-Chan Juan Author-Name: Hsiang-Nan Lu Author-Name: Yueh-Yu Wu Title: An Evaluation Instrument for Interviewing Skills in Psychiatry Abstract: Background: Instruments to assess nurses’ interviewing skills for in psychiatry are rare. In this study, we use such an instrument to identify and evaluate interviewing skills. Methods: We designed a 6-month training program with 12 courses. The first 10 courses included didactic lectures combined with role-playing exercises to teach interviewing skills. We used an evaluation instrument that emphasized the six main elements of interviewing, including opening statements, conversation starters, empathetic statements, statements of the concrete effects of the patient’s behavior, encouragement of the patient to discuss and identify conflict solutions that are mutually acceptable, and closing statements. In the last two courses, three examiners evaluated the nurses’ interviewing skills.Results: Four participants attended the training course two times, with an average score of 60.0. Two participants attended the course four, five or seven times, with average scores of 45.0, 52.5, and 72.5, respectively. One participant attended the course eight times and received a score of 82.5.Conclusion: This study found that the more times the nurses engaged in the training course, the higher score their score in the assessment of interviewing skills. Because of this dose-response relationship, we suggest that this instrument is valuable for evaluating communication skills in difficult situations in psychiatric wards. Keywords: Evaluation Instrument, Interviewing Skills, Psychiatry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 101-104 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306213 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/213 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-25.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:101-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wang Nan Author-Name: Masato Katoh Author-Name: Shinichi Yamamoto Author-Name: Naoyuki Nishimura Author-Name: Daisuke Hoshino Title: Applications of the new Remote Sensing Method to the Forest Biomass Estimation Abstract: For accurate measurement of forest biomass in the Akazawa Forest Reserve, this study analyzed texture measures derived from GeoEye-1 satellite data using the individual tree crown (ITC) method. On this basis, canopy area, tree tops and tree species of individual trees were delineated. Canopy area was used to calculate the DBH of trees in canopy layer based on canopy-DBH curve in this stand. In this study, the estimation models, between DBH and height, and between canopy area and DBH were developed by linear regression using forest survey data. Then according to the results of satellite data interpreted the biomass of every tree was calculated by biomass expansion factor (BEF). This method was verified against the survey data from old–growth Chamaecyparis obtusa stand composed of various cover types. For Chamaecyparis obtusa, the accuracy of biomass estimation was higher than 84%. However, the accuracy of Chamaecyparis pisifera was less than 60%, because some Chamaecyparis pisifera trees were misidentified as Chamaecyparis obtusa, and canopy area of Chamaecyparis pisifera was underestimated in the high-density stand. For Thujopsis dolabrata, the accuracy ranged from 22.4 % to 78.9%, and from 63.4% to 84.6% for broad-leaved trees, because many of them were understory. These results indicated that estimation of old-growth forest biomass based on high resolution satellite data, might be validated for estimating biomass at the individual tree level improved by developing and applying forest stratum–specific models with the ITC-survey data as a bridging reference in addition to spectral information. This approach is useful for biomass estimation whether is used to calculate biomass of individual tree or forest. Keywords: Biomass estimation, Individual Tree Crown (ITC) method, High resolution satellite data, Old-growth forest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-13 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307215 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/215 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-11.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Some Features of Liquid Crystalline Oxadiazoles Abstract: We propose a survey of some features of those oxadiazole compounds which are mesogenic, that is, which are displaying liquid crystalline properties induced by their rod- or disk-like molecules. We will see that they can have bend-shaped molecules too, creating biaxial phases, and other interesting peculiarities in the nematic and smectic phases. With large electric dipoles and luminescent properties, these materials are also very appealing for technological applications. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 89-95 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306216 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.216 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/216 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-24.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:89-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Synchronization of Kuramoto Oscillators on Knots Abstract: A knot is a circle embedded in the space. Projecting a knot on a plane, we obtain a diagram which is known as the knot diagram. The vertices of the diagram, where the curved lines are crossed, can be considered as sites occupied by oscillators. The synchronization of these oscillators can be studied by means of a Kuramoto model. Here we propose to define some order parameters, of the complete knot diagram and of its regions, to study the synchronization of the system with regard to the different parts of it. Keywords: Knots, Synchronization, Kuramoto model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 85-88 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306217 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.217 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/217 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-23.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:85-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Bastos Author-Name: M.J. R. Paranhos da Costa Author-Name: J. Antunes-Rodrigues Title: Diurnal Rhythm of Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Lactating Buffalo Cows Abstract: The aim of this study was analyze the diurnal rhythm of plasma oxytocin (OT) concentration in lactating buffalo cows during autumn and spring. Data were obtained from 10 females in May (autumn) and 10 females in September (spring) at 3-h intervals for 3 consecutive days. Cosinor and spectral analyses showed that, in autumn, 30-40% of the animals showed a significant 24-h rhythm of plasma OT concentration, whereas in spring the animals did not present a diurnal rhythm of plasma OT concentration. The majority of the acrophases for OT in autumn occurred at early morning and morning while in spring it was distributed along the day. Our study shows that diurnal rhythm of plasma OT concentration was more evident in some animals in the autumn that in the spring, what may suggest that photoperiod among others factors can influence in this response. Keywords: hormone, bubalus bubalis, cosinor method, spectral analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-27 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307220 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/220 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-03.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:21-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uduma-Olugu N. Author-Name: Jerry Obiefuna Title: Evolution of Landscape Architectural Education:The Nigerian Experience Abstract: Landscape Architecture being a profession and discipline whose philosophy and practice emphasizes harmonization of human development with nature, it is important to ensure that professionals are properly trained to reflect this. The process of getting the training started in Nigeria after so many attempts. The paper examines the historical background of landscape architecture education in the country and the challenges in creating awareness of the profession and sustaining the Landscape Architecture programmes that have been created. It details the components of the various programmes while discussing the progress and challenges to landscape architectural education in Nigeria. Keywords: Landscape Architecture, Education, Evolution of Degree Programmes, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-32 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307222 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/222 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-04.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:28-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lena Boström Title: How Do Students in Vocational Programs Learn? A Study of Similarities and Differences in Learning Strategies Abstract: Vocational programs are facing educational challenges. Many students leave secondary school in Sweden without graduating, and this is problematic in terms of equivalence, skill segregation, and lifelong learning for the students. This study has tried to see learning through students’ eyes, and it has examined learning strategies in six different vocational programs. The research questions have addressed which general learning strategies dominate and which differentiate. The study involved 244 students. The Productivity Environmental Preference Survey (PEPS) learning styles assessment was used to identify 20 different student traits. Sex groups were compared with descriptive statistics and analyzed by using the F-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The tendencies were low motivation, conformity, a high need for structure and routine, multimodal dominance, and a need for intake and movements. The most productive time of day was in the afternoon. The statistical analysis revealed that six of the 20 elements differed, but there were more similarities than differences. This study highlights the importance of finding a pedagogical model that is suitable for vocational education, expanded educational strategies, and in-depth didactic discussions. The results are valuable for people involved in the planning of vocational education and for the students themselves. Keywords: differences, learning styles, pedagogical implications, similarities, vocational education Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-56 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307225 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/225 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-06.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:43-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Maria Correia da Costa Author-Name: Josália Liberato Rebouças Author-Name: Francisca Lígia de Castro Machado Author-Name: Marcos Rodrigues Amorim Afonso Title: Post-Harvest Conservation of Papaya “Formosa Tainung 01” Conditioned under Different Packaging Systems Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of different storage conditions on lengthening the post-harvest useful life of papaya “Formosa Tainung 01”. The fruits were harvested at ripening stage 2, pre-cooled, conditioned in nylon/polyethylene bags, polyamide bags and in polyamide bags with sachets of KMnO4. They were later stored under a refrigerated condition (10 ± 1ºC and 90 ± 5% R.U.) for a period of 20 days and evaluated every 5 days of refrigeration, followed by 24 hours under room conditions. The analyses included mass loss and firmness, peel coloration and chlorophyll amount, titratable acidity, pH, total soluble solids, total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, ascorbic acid and carotenoids in the pulp. We used a fully randomized design and sub-divided parcels. The results suggest that the modified atmosphere, caused by polyamide films in association with ethylene absorber, preserved the fruits better and retarded metabolic processes, increasing post-harvest useful life. Keywords: Carica papaya L, refrigeration, modified atmosphere Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-65 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307226 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/226 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-07.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:57-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malgorzata Malodobra-Mazur Author-Name: Dorota Bednarska-Chabowska Author-Name: Robert Olewinski Author-Name: Zygmunt Chmielecki Author-Name: Rajmund Adamiec Author-Name: Tadeusz Dobosz Title: The Association of Functional Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of the RBP4 Gene with Gene Expression and Insulin Resistance Risk Abstract: Aims/Introduction: The RBP4 level has been found to correlate positively with risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, the exact mechanism linking RBP4 with metabolic disorders is not clear. In presented study the associations of two single nucleotide polymorphisms located in promoter region of the RBP4 gene rs3758538 (-1265A>C) and rs3758539 (-803 G>A) with insulin resistance risk, RBP4 mRNA level and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Material and methods: Two polymorphisms were genotyped by multiplex minisequencing with the use of ABI PRISM® SNaPshot Multiplex Kit. RBP4 gene expression analysis was done by Relative Real-Time PCR and normalized to β-actin and GUS-β genes. Insulin and cytokines were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Results: IR patients were characterized by increased RBP4 mRNA level in adipose tissue comparing to IS patients and control subjects, what correlated positively with insulin resistance. Polymorphism rs3758539 showed no differences in genotype frequencies between tested groups. The rs3758538 displayed higher number of C allele within type 2 diabetes patients. There was no relationship between genotype and RBP4 gene expression level. Furthermore, no relationship of investigated SNPs with insulin resistant phenotype has been noticed. Conclusions: Present results link the RBP4 gene expression level with insulin resistance pathogenesis. However, there is lack of association between analyzed SNPs with insulin resistant phenotype, RBP4 gene expression level and inflammatory state. Keywords: RBP4, Insulin resistance, SNP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-113 Volume: 2 Issue: 07 Year: 2013 Month: July Number: V2201306227 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/227 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201307-20.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:7:p:105-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vinícius V. M. Ferreira Author-Name: Lécio H. Salim Author-Name: Jefferson V. Bandeira Author-Name: Marília V. Junqueira Author-Name: Marcela D. Carvalho Author-Name: Helen R. Mota Author-Name: Guilherme H. S. P. C. Barbosa Title: Evaluation of Biological and Sedimentological Issues Regarding a Bottom Discharge in the Paciência Small Hydro Power Plant - Brazil Abstract: The Paciência hydro power plant, located near the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais State - Brazil, was the scenario of many studies done in 2011-2012. These surveys were carried out in the scope of a project supported by CEMIG - electric utility responsible for the operation of the plant. The objective of this work is to present the results of the some studies conducted on the site, in particular those related to water quality and the existent benthic macroinvertebrate community, and the correlation of these parameters with the bottom discharge. The assessment of water quality showed the presence of critical levels of organic load in monitoring stations. The macrozoobenthic community found in the stations of the biomonitoring network reflected the conditions of water quality in this stretch of the Paraibuna River. The place was fairly poor in taxonomic variety and with excessive densities of a few taxonomic groups that are very resistant, characteristic of aquatic environments with high levels of organic load. The transport of fine sediment in suspension was quantitatively studied by labeling it with the radioactive tracer technetium 99, broadly used in nuclear medicine, in two campaigns, together with the application of a mathematical model. It was possible to verify that simulation of propagation of the suspended sediment concentration originating from bottom discharge in dry season, the most critical, showed that it decreased to a value of about 18% of the initial value of the bottom discharge Keywords: Dams, impacts, macroinvertebrates, water quality, tracers, sediments Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-85 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307228 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/228 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-10.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:70-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: A Study of Moving Sand Dunes by Means of Satellite Images Abstract: In several regions of the world, the slow motion of sand dunes is becoming a challenge for human activities and a threat for the survival of ancient places or archaeological sites. It is then important a constant surveying of dunes and an estimate of their migration rate. Several methods exist for this purpose: among them we have the use of satellite images, often freely available on the World Wide Web, which are a convenient resource for the planning of future human settlements and activities. In particular, the Google Earth and its time series are a remarkable resource. Some examples of their use are here proposed. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-42 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307229 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.229 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/229 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-01.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:33-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Onur Yemenici Title: Pressure Measurements of the Flow over a Rearview Side Mirror Abstract: The flow fields over a rearview side mirror were examined experimentally in a wind tunnel. Velocity and pressure measurements were carried out by a constant-temperature hot wire anemometer and a micro-manometer, respectively. The Reynolds number based on the free stream velocity of the air and the width of the mirror was varied from 9.5x104 to 1.3x105. The results showed that the static pressures are showed different distribution over the rearview side mirror and took smaller values at the separation points of the boundary layer from the mirror surface.Index Terms—Side mirror, pressure coefficient, wind tunnel, flow separation. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-69 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307230 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/230 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-08.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:66-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Symmetries of the Icons on Ancient Seals Abstract: In this paper, we discuss the symmetries of the icons engraved on some ancient seals, in particular on the stamp seals. Used since the Neolithic times to impress some decorations, these early seals had probably the social function of allowing the identification of their owners too. The first seals were engraved with simple geometric images, then animals and humans appeared, arranged on their small circular or elliptic surfaces with bilateral and rotational symmetries. Keywords: Symmetry, Seals, Scarab Seals Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-20 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307231 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.231 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/231 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-09.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:14-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Variations of Images to Increase Their Visibility Abstract: The calculus of variations applied to the image processing requires some numerical models able to perform the variations of images and to extremize an appropriate actions. To produce the variations of images, there are several possibilities based on the brightness maps. Before a numerical model, I propose an experimental approach, based on a tool of Gimp, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, in order to visualize how the image variations can be. After the discussion of this tool, which is able to strongly increase the visibility of images, the variations and a possible functional for the visibility are discussed in the framework of a numerical model. The visibility functional is analogous to the fringe visibility of the optical interference. Keywords: Image visibility, Fringe visibility, GIMP, Image processing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 86-91 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307239 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.239 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/239 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-18.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:86-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Shrinking Toshka Lakes in the Google Earth Images Abstract: Toshka Lakes are lakes artificially created in the Sahara Desert of Egypt, by the water of the Nile, conveyed from the Nasser Lake through a canal in the Toshka Depression. From space, astronauts noticed the growing of a first lake, the easternmost one, in 1998. Then additional lakes grew in succession due west, the westernmost one between 2000 and 2001. The pictures of the Toshka Lakes taken by the crews of space missions and the satellite imagery can show the evolution of them. From 2006, the lakes started shrinking rapidly. The recent images, among them those of Google Earth, display that the surface of the lakes is strongly reduced and some of them entirely dried out. Keywords: Satellite Images, Image processing, Google Earth Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 92-94 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307240 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.240 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/240 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-19.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:92-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: A Case Study of Moving Sand Dunes: The Barchans of the Kharga Oasis Abstract: Recently we have proposed the use of the time series of Google Earth to investigate the motion of sand dunes. In this paper we consider a case study, applying the method to some barchans of the Kharga Oasis. To evaluate the motion of these dunes as a function of their size we use Gimp, a GNU image processing software. Keywords: Google Earth, Dune motion, Satellite images, GIMP, Image processing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 95-97 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307241 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.241 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/241 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-20.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:95-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Onur Yemenici Title: Experimental Investigation of the Flow Field around NACA0012 Airfoil Abstract: In this study, an experimental investigation of the flow field around NACA0012 airfoil was carried out in a wind tunnel under the effects of the Reynolds number and angle of attack. The Reynolds number based on the chord length of airfoil and the attack angle was varied from 9.7x104 to 1.9x105 and 0 to 140 respectively. Mean velocities were measured by a constant temperature anemometer and static pressures by a micro-manometer. The results showed that the pressure and lift coefficients displayed a strong dependence on Reynolds number and attack angle. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 98-101 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307242 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/242 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-21.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:98-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Edge-Detection Applied to Moving Sand Dunes on Mars Abstract: Here we discuss the application of an edge detection filter, the Sobel filter of GIMP, to the recently discovered motion of some sand dunes on Mars. The filter allows a good comparison of an image HiRISE of 2007 and an image of 1999 recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor of the dunes in the Nili Patera caldera, measuring therefore the motion of the dunes on a longer period of time than that previously investigated. Keywords: Edge detection, Sobel filter, GIMP, Image processing, Google Mars, Dune motion, Satellite images, HiRISE, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Global Surveyor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-104 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307251 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.251 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/251 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-27.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:102-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Sand Dunes Moving in the Nili Patera Caldera on Mars Abstract: Recently, it was discovered that the sand dunes on Mars are moving. This important result was obtained by means of some high resolution HiRISE images, recorded three years apart, of the dunes in the Nili Patera caldera. Here we compare an image HiRISE of 2007 with an image of 1999 recorded by the Mars Global Surveyor. Using Gimp, a GNU image processing software, to enhance the images, we can see and measure the motion of the dunes during a longer period of time. Keywords: Google Mars, Dune motion, Satellite images, HiRISE, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Global Surveyor, GIMP, Image processing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-108 Volume: 2 Issue: 08 Year: 2013 Month: August Number: V2201307252 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.252 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/252 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V2-201308-28.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:8:p:105-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alejandro Calvo Author-Name: Hugo Amador-Chamon Author-Name: Guillermo Olmedo Author-Name: Octavio Chavez Title: Primary Adrenal Lymphoma Abstract: A 77 year-old Caucasian male complained about a 3-month history of progressive weakness, intermittent fevers and a 40 pound weight loss. He presented to the ED with abdominal pain, a hemoglobin level of 8.3 g/dl, MCV 95 fl. The patient had a negative gastrointestinal evaluation for blood loss sources completed a month before. LDH level was elevated at 669 U/L, beta-2 microglobulin at 4.3 mg/L, electrolytes, liver enzymes, thyroid studies and renal function tests read normal. Abdominal CT scan revealed a 10 x 10 x 9.5 cm mass on the right adrenal gland and a 10 x 7.6 x 7 cm mass on the left side. There was no adenopathy in the para-aortic or mesenteric area (Figure 1). CT guided biopsy showed CD45+ and CD20+ large cells with high nuclear:cytoplasma ratio, as well as scant cytoplasm consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Due to a high apoptotic rate, further studies were done, MYC/IGH gene rearrangement was performed with negative results. Bone marrow biopsy did not show lymphomatous involvement. Staging PET-CT scan showed bilateral adrenal masses with a SUV as high as 27. There was no extra-adrenal uptake. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-10 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308253 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/253 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130901.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:9-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edith Cristina Laignier Cazedey Author-Name: Sanjay Garg Author-Name: Herida Regina Nunes Salgado Title: Evaluation and Degradation Chemistry of Orbifloxacin using LC-MS Abstract: Orbifloxacin (ORBI) was subjected to different ICH (Q1A(R2)) prescribed stress conditions of thermal stress, hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis. It was stable to dry heat (60 ºC) and photolysis (UV-VIS) in solid form. It showed extensive decomposition under hydrolytic and photolytic conditions in acid, base and neutral solutions. Degradation was also observed in oxidative condition. Degradation products of ORBI formed under different forced conditions were characterized through LC–MS studies. In total, eleven major degradation products (DP1-DP11) were detected. Successful separation of drug and degradation products formed under various stress conditions was achieved on a analytical column SymmetryShield Waters RP18, 5 µm, 250 x 4.6 mm using 5% acetic acid and methanol as mobile phase in a gradient mode at flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The peaks were detected using a PDA detector set at 290 nm. The method was extended to LC–APCI-MS for characterization of the degradation products and the pathways of decomposition were proposed. Keywords: Orbifloxacin, Chemistry degradation, SIAM, LC-APCI-MS, Stability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-20 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308257 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/257 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:11-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevludin Hasanovic Author-Name: Izet Pajevic Author-Name: Abdurahman Kuldija Author-Name: Nermina Kravic Author-Name: Amra Delic Author-Name: Nerminka Aljukic Title: Characteristics of Computerized Tomography Findings of Male Alcoholics Treated on Department of Psychiatry Tuzla from 01.01.2005 to 31.12.2009 Abstract: Introduction: Consequences of alcohol dependence may be complex, and difficult for treatment, thus complex diagnostic procedures are needed.Aim: To assess the prevalence of silent brain strokes and cortical cerebral atrophy amongst male inpatient alcoholics.Methodology: We analyzed 86 file records of males treated from 01 January 2005 to 31 December 2009 year on Tuzla Psychiatry Department, who had dismissed diagnosis Alcohol dependency (F 10.2) according ICD-10, with computerized tomography (CT) of brain, related to age, war engagement, brain trauma, employment, smoking, psychological findings and presence of silent stroke and cortical brain atrophy according CT diagnosis.Results: The mean age of observed patients was 50.1±6.6 years. Amongst them (70.9%) were active soldiers in Bosnia-Herzegovina Army during 1992-1995 war. There were 71 (72.6%) with atrophy of brain cortex, 27 (31.4%) had ischemic silent stroke. In the sample, 61 (70.9%) of inpatients met criteria for PTSD according ICD-10, 53 (61.6%) had cognitive disturbances, 29 (33.7%) had psychotic symptoms, 50 (58.1%) of them had clinically manifested depression, 47 (54.7%) had difficulties in social contacts, 23 (26.7%) had somatic disorders. Age of inpatients was in positive correlation with duration of work, presence of silent ischemic stroke and brain cortex atrophy. Presence of PTSD was in positive correlation with involvement in the combatants, with cognitive disturbances, with depressiveness and somatic complains. Atrophy of brain cortex positively correlated with silent stroke and glucose blood level. Conclusion: Brain cortical atrophy and silent brain stroke were frequent CT findings amongst male alcohol dependants clinically treated in Psychiatry department. Keywords: silent brain stroke, brain cortex atrophy, alcoholism, hospital treatment, PTSD, Bosnia-Herzegovina Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-24 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308258 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/258 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130905.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:21-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enokela O.S Author-Name: Abua C.A Title: The Yield Characteristics of the Shallow Aquifer of River Kastina Ala Floodplane in Nigeria Abstract: The yield of shallow aquifer of River Kastina Ala within Kastina Ala local Government of Benue State Nigeria was carried out at constant rate of pumping and recovery test on five existing tube wells located within the floodplain of the river stretching from Abaave to Government Secondary School Katsina-ala. An average duration of pumping for the flood plane was established at 149 minutes. The average recovery period for wells in the study area was 202 minutes while the stabilization period of 42 minutes was recorded. The study conducted revealed that an average discharge of 2268.89 m3/day is achievable from each well while on an the average specific yield is 320.18 m3/day. The aquifer has an average coefficient of permeability (K) of 189.5 m/day and coefficient of Transmissivity (T) of 808.32m2/day. The aquifer is confirmed to be a semi-confined to confined, having a specific yield, transmissivity, permeability and average discharge per well obtained in the study area when compared with already established standards This also attested that the aquifers in the study area are moderate to good since the time taken for an aquifer to recover to its static water level is not more than 4 hours 15 minutes with a maximum cone of depression of 8.75 against the 6.22 achieved. Keywords: Kastina ala floodplain, aquifer, permeability, transmisivity, yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-85 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308261 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/261 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:76-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maria Kapustova Title: The Methodology for Determination of Optimal Warm Forging Temperature using Computer Simulation Abstract: Warm forming is most commonly used in production of die forgings manufactured by precise forging. As compared with cold forming, using warm forging we are able to reduce size of forging forces considerably. The development of forging technology is connected to research of forgeability and plasticity of formed material at warm temperatures. The contribution brings a description of methodology used for determination of optimal forging temperature from recommended warm temperature interval concerning the chromium - manganic steel 16MnCr5. The mentioned steel is applicable for case hardening and manufacture of precise die forgings. In order to verify the steel forgeability within the recommended warm forging temperatures interval 600, 650, 700 a 750 °C the upsetting test according to Židek was used. The computer simulation of technologic test by means of program MSC.SuperForge confirmed correct selection of warm temperatures because testing samples showed good formability and after pressing in a notch area no cracks or defects were revealed. The crucial plasticity factor for selection of optimal warm temperature from examined temperature interval was a value of reduction of area determined by tensile test. Keywords: Warm Forming, Warm Temperature, Plasticity, Forgeability, Pressure test, Simulation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-67 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309263 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/263 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:63-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zavala Walther David Author-Name: Foscolo Mabel Author-Name: Davila J Author-Name: Cavicchia J. C. Title: Early Development of Mast Cell System in Lingual Tissues of Intrauterine and Newborn Rats Abstract: Mast cells (MC) are predominantly localized at the interface between host and environment such as skin and mucosal surfaces. They are able to perceive a variety of allergens and invading pathogens. In oral tissues, degranulation of mast cells has been a consistent feature of inflammatory lesion like liquen planus, gingivitis, periapical process and tumoral responsive. The aim of the present study is to describe the morphology and to establish the homing time in the tongue’s connective tissue of rats. Tongue sections were collected from Wistar rats processed and included in paraffin wax, cut and stained with toluide blue and alcian blue-safranin and immunoenzyme staining procedure with Monoclonal Antibody to mast cell Tryptase. The total number of mast cells was counted and the area was measured to estimate the population density (mm2) and the individual cell morphology. Results showed morphology changes and a series of variations between the first and the second week samples after birth (p0.001), but there were not changes between intrauterus and newborn period. Mast cells were detected from the fifteenth day of intrauterine life in closed relation with skeletal muscle cells. These data suggest a quick MT adaptation and a strategic location that allow them to react against different oral antigens. More studies are going to be necessary to elucidate this phenomenon. Keywords: tongue, oral immunity, mast cells Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 86-89 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308264 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/264 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:86-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tariq Mahmood Author-Name: Syed Tajammul Hussain Title: Use of Kinnow Peel as a Source of Biofuels and Carbon Nano Fibers Abstract: Only alternative and cheap source of energy which can be made easily be available to the world is bioenergy. Our experiment included the conversion of Kinnow/Orange peel into biofuels. In the first step Kinnow peel was gasified by using Cobalt oxide nano catalyst at 300, 400°C and at atmospheric pressure. Catalytic gasification yielded 60% liquid extract, 28% fuel gases, 1-5% tar and 10-12% charcoal. Gaseous products contain 3.80-53.03% ethene, 13.15-29.51% methanol, 1.28-1.77% propyne, 6.32-28.67% propane and 3.89-4.59% methane. In second step liquid extract of Kinnow peel obtained from gasification, on etherification gave ethyl ester (biodiesel). This study reports an interesting finding that Kinnow peel as could be used for not only the production of biodiesel, biomethanol, hydrocarbon fuel gases and Char as a source of carbon nano fibers. The world today is producing several million tons of Kinnow peel. The XRD spectrum of char or ash shows the formation of carbon fibers. The technology could be utilized to produce alternate energy. Keywords: kinnow (orange), catalytic gasification, Co oxide nano particles, biofuel, nanotechnology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-33 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308267 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/267 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:25-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Idorenyin Francis Esikot Title: Biocentric Ethics: Some Pitfalls Abstract: Biocentric ethics has incorporated non-human beings into the ethical cum moral sphere. This it has done by granting them moral status and moral relevance. This paper argues against this attempt. It holds the view that to have a moral status one must have a moral sense which consist in rationality, intentionality and responsibility. It concludes that the duty to preserve the environment is more of an ecological rather than a moral one. Keywords: Ethics, Biocentric Ethics, Morality, Moral Sense Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 90-95 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308271 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/271 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:90-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moh`d Mamoun Al Majthoub Title: A Novel Method for Synthesis of CoII, NiII, ZnII and AgI Transition Metal Carbonates using Methylurea Precursor Abstract: CoII, NiII, ZnII and AgII carbonates; M(CO3)2 (M = CoII, NiII, and ZnII) and Ag2CO3 were obtained during the reaction of aqueous solutions of Co(NO3)2, Ni(NO3)2, Zn(NO3)2 and AgNO3 with methylurea at ~ 90 oC for twelve hours. The reaction products were characterized through their elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The infrared spectra clearly show the characteristic bands due to carbonate ions. General reaction equations describing the formation of some transition carbonates were proposed. Keywords: M(CO3)2, methylurea, Infrared spectra Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 119-123 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308276 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/276 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:119-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moh`d Mamoun Al Majthoub Author-Name: Moamen S. Refat Title: A Novel Method for Synthesis of Some Transition Metal Oxides: Fe2O3 and CuO Abstract: The Fe2O3 and CuO oxides were synthesized by a new reaction of methyl urea with FeCl3.6H2O, Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, Fe2(SO4)3 and Cu(OAc)2, respectively, in an aqueous media at ~ 90 oC. The infrared spectra and microanalysis, CHN, of the solid products resulted indicate that the absence of the bands of methyl urea, but appearing the characteristic bands of oxides. A general mechanism describing the formation of oxides and decomposition of methyl urea are suggested. Keywords: Fe2O3, CuO and methyl urea Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 124-126 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308277 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/277 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130929.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:124-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar Author-Name: M. A. Ebiad Author-Name: A. H. Mady Author-Name: A. M. Rabie Title: Prohibition of Drinking Malt Beverages while Eating according to Islamic Religion using SPME-GC Abstract: Islam religions forbid the drinking of alcoholic beverages because of their effects include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain. Eight different sorts of malt beverages were collected from the local markets of western province of Saudi Arabia. The studied samples were subjected to the determination of their alcohol content via capillary gas chromatography through three steps. Firstly, the studied samples were directly analyzed, secondary, the samples were analyzed after exposing to air and finally the samples were analyzed in presence of yeast. It has been found that there is no ethanol content when the samples analyzed directly, minor concentration of ethanol content was found after exposing malt beverages to air ranging. Considerable variability in the alcoholic strength was found in presence of yeast due to fermentation. Keywords: Malt beverages, Capillary gas chromatography, fermentation, metabolism of the liver and brain Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-100 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308280 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/280 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130933.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:96-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibuchim Cyril Ogunkah Author-Name: Junli Yang Title: Factors Affecting the Selection of Low-Cost Green Building Materials in Housing Construction Abstract: This paper is informed by a study conducted to determine how the understanding of the principles of best practices associated with the impacts of low-cost green building materials could be improved to fulfil the objective of their greater use in mainstream housing. The aim of this paper is to address one of the main objectives of this study: to identify the key influential factors that will aid designers in the informed selection of low-cost green building materials and components for sustainable low-cost green housing projects. The findings and results derived through an extensive literature review and a preliminary study with leading experts emphasised the need for appropriate informed data for use in the material selection decision-making process. Solution proposed in this study contributed to the simplification of this task by conducting further surveys with experts who represent various fields in the housing construction industry and research institutions in Nigeria, to examine views and current thinking from leading researchers in the field, and obtain relevant data on issues specific to the critical factors affecting the choice of low cost green building materials. The methodology adopted in undertaking this research was the mixed method approach involving a detailed review of the relevant literature, networking with domain experts and practitioners, knowledge-mining interviews and industry-wide surveys with design and building professionals in Nigeria. A total of 210 out of 480 questionnaires were returned for analysis. A variety of statistical methods within the Statistical Package for the Social Scientist (SPSS v.20) were used to analyse the data collected and identify the key influential factors. The identification hence helped to develop a methodological framework for depicting the ranked factors for sustainable low-cost green housing. The information gathered from the analysis with inputs elicited from domain experts and extensive literature review will be used to further develop a Multi-Criteria Material Selection Decision Support System (MSDSS), and later to be refined with feedbacks obtained from selected expert builder and developer companies. The rationale of this paper is inevitably built on the ground that the identified factors; site-related issues, cost effectiveness, environmental impacts, socio-cultural impacts, sensorial effects, and technical performance are crucial in ensuring the design of sustainable low-cost green housing in Nigeria. Keywords: Decision Support System (DSS), Factors, Housing Construction, Low-Cost Green Building Materials Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-75 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308281 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/281 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:41-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Jacques Macé Author-Name: Peter Hrechdakian Title: Reconstruction of the Lineage Y Chromosome Haplotype of Napoléon the First Abstract: As part of the Napoléon I Genome (NIG) project we have reconstructed, based on more than one hundred Y-STRs (Y-short tandem repeats), the complete Y-haplotype of the non-recombinant part of the Y-chromosome (NRY) of French Emperor Napoléon I (1769-1821). We already knew the allelic values at Y-markers of the Y-chromosome of Napoléon I, but only for the palindromic STR YCAIIa and b and for the non-palindromic Y-STR DYS19. The present reconstruction aims to compare the allelic values at Y-STRs of the DNA of Charles Napoléon (C.N.), the living 4th generation descendant of Jérôme Bonaparte (Napoléon I’s youngest brother), with those of Alexandre Colonna Walewski (A.C.W.), the living 4th generation descendant of Count Alexandre Walewski (the son born of the union between Napoléon I and Countess Maria Walewska). We have previously established that Napoléon I, C.N. and A.C.W. are of the same Y-haplogroup E1b1b1b2a1. The allelic values for C.N. and A.C.W. are the same for ninety-three other non-palindromic markers (belonging to ninety different STRs) and for thirty-eight other palindromic markers (belonging to fifteen different STRs); these values then constitute those deduced in the reconstruction of the allelic values of the STR markers of the Napoléon I’s Y-haplotype. Four non-palindromic STRs and two palindromic STRs have different allelic values in C.N. and A.C.W.; we have deduced the allelic value of Napoléon I for one (DYS454), and the probable allelic values for two (Y-GATA-C4 and DYS712) of these non-palindromic variable STRs. To sum up, we have established, by reconstruction of the lineage, the allelic values of the markers of Napoléon I’s Y-haplotype for a total of one-hundred and thirty-three different Y-STR markers. Keywords: Y-chromosome haplotype, Napoléon the First, short tandem repeats Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 127-139 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308284 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/284 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130935.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:127-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ehinola G.B Title: Quality of Teachers and Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Ondo State Abstract: The study investigated the quality of teachers and academic performance of secondary school students in Ondo State. The study was designed to find out whether qualities of teachers; qualification and experience are related to academic performance. Descriptive survey designed was used. Proportionate random sampling technique was used to select 50 schools in Ondo state in which 50 principals and 150 teachers, teaching English language, mathematics, biology in the sampled schools. Two set of research instruments; Academic performance Questionnaire (APQ) for principals only; and Teachers Quality Questionnaire (TQQ) for teachers only were used for the study. Frequency counts and simple percentage was used to answer the research question while Pearson Product Moment Correlation Co-efficent was used to analyze hypotheses tested. All hypotheses were tested at a significant level of 0.05. The study revealed the present quality of teacher in Ondo state. It also confirmed the significant relationship between the quality of teachers and student academic performance in the three core subjects; English language, (r-cal 0.501, r-tab 0.288) Mathematics 9r-cal 0,.291, r-tab 0.288 ) and Biology (r-cal 0.484, r-tab 0.288) in Ondo State secondary schools. Suggestions were made that all unqualified teachers should be encouraged to obtain requisite qualification like Diploma in Education. Also more- in – service course, workshops, conferences, and seminars should be made available for the teachers and principals. Keywords: Teachers, Quality, Academic Performance, Core subjects Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 140-144 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308285 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/285 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130936.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:140-144 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rehana Saeed Author-Name: Summyia Masood Author-Name: Sundus Khan Title: Ionic Interactions of Divalent Transition Metal Sulfate in Aqueous PVOH Systems by Viscosity Method Abstract: Viscosities of divalent transition metal sulfate (MnSO4, CuSO4 and ZnSO4) having concentration ranging from 2x10-2 to 10x10-2 mol dm-3 in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH; 0.1 and 0.9 g dL-1) systems were measured at different temperatures from 298 to 318 K with interval of 5 K. The viscosity data were used to evaluate the ion-ion interaction and ion-solvent interactions in terms of A and B coefficients of Jones-Dole equation respectively. The positive value of B coefficient increased with the increase in temperature reveals that salts behave as structure maker in aqueous polyvinyl alcohol systems. With the help of viscosity data the thermodynamic parameters like energy of activation , free energy change of activation G and the entropy change of activation S were also evaluated as a function of salt concentration, solvent composition and temperature. Keywords: Viscosity, Divalent transition metal sulfate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Thermodynamic parameters Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-95 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310286 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/286 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131119.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:83-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aly Y. Okasha Author-Name: Elhadi A. Hadia Author-Name: Mokhtar S. Elatrash Title: Ecological Effect of Mergheb Cement Emissions on the Vegetation in the Northwest Libya Here Abstract: The study area is located in the coastal region of northwestern libya, west of khoms city. This region is characterized by a temperate climate with an average annual precipitation of 17 mm. Cement emissions are proven to have damaging impacts on different plant species. This study focuses on the impact of stack emissions from mergheb cement factory on the abundance, frequency, density and number of species at each site surrounding the factory under the effect of wind direction. The surrounding areas are subdivided into sites to assess plant species variability and their growth. It is concluded that there is a gradual reduction in density and vegetation cover towards the cement factory. Field observations revealed that the biodiversity in the east of cement factory is greater than that in the southwards. Keywords: vegetation, cement emissions, Khoms, Libya Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-40 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308288 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/288 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130913.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:34-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The GNU Image Manipulation Program Applied to Study the Sand Dunes Abstract: The study of sand dunes and their migration rates requires large length and time scales. Therefore, the use of time series of satellite images turns out to be important because it allows remote measure and control of the dunes. To obtain information from the satellite images we can use GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, which is freely available on the Web. Here we discuss some of its features and how they can be applied to study the sand dunes. Keywords: GIMP, Image processing, Google Earth, Satellite images, Dunes, Barchans Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308289 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.289 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/289 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130923.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.L. Shvartsev Title: Water-Rock Interaction: Implications for the Origin and Program of Global Evolution Abstract: Evolution was thought for several hundreds of years to be restricted to biological systems and to have originated together with life. This idea remains quite broadly supported at present though recent research in synergetics shows that any open system existing far from equilibrium can evolve and reach more complicated states. Such an open system exists in geology: it is the water-rock system having particular basic properties. It is a nonlinear equilibrium-nonequilibrium system, which receives solar energy and undergoes intrinsically driven evolution, at any external conditions, to produce ever new secondary minerals and chemical types of water. Thus, the water-rock system is suggested to have been at the origin of global evolution. Keywords: Composition of water, equilibrium, hydrogeochemistry, internal evolution, water-rock interaction, mechanism of evolution, program of global evolution Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-30 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309290 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/290 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:26-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed E. Khalifa Author-Name: Ahmed S. Radwan Author-Name: El-Sayed H. Al-Tamany Author-Name: Ehab Abdel-Latif Title: Azoniallene Salts: Synthesis and their Utility in Heterocyclic Synthesis Abstract: A series of novel 5-arylazo-thiazol-2-ylcarbamoyl-thiophene derivatives was synthesized and their chemical structures were secured by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Their versatility for pharmaceutical purposes and textile dyeing as disperse dyes was reported. The synthesized dyes were applied to polyester fabrics by using high temperature dyeing method at 130°C. The dyed polyester fabrics, which display yellowish-brown to brown hues, were displayed excellent washing and perspiration fastness and moderate light fastness. Finally, the synthesized compounds showed biological activities against Bacillus subtilise, Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive bacteria), Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative bacteria), while no effect had been reported against Fungi. The minimum inhabitation concentration of the most active compound was evaluated. Keywords: 2-Aminothiazole, Biological activity, Disperse dyes, Fastness properties, Polyester fibers, Thiophene Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-86 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309293 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/293 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131025.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:68-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Robert Grosseteste and his Treatise on Lines, Angles and Figures of the Propagation of Light Abstract: Robert Grosseteste, an English philosopher and scientist, Bishop of Lincoln, is considered as the founder of the scientific thought in medieval Oxford. During the beginning of the XIII century he wrote several scientific papers concerning light and its propagation, where he based the description of some phenomena on the use of geometry. Here we will translate and discuss one of his scientific treatises concerning light, which is entitled De Lineis, Angulis et Figuris, seu Fractionibus et Reflexionibus Radiorum. Since to Grosseteste, the propagation of light had the main role in the creation of the world, the use of its geometry becomes a method to solve the complexity of the physical world. However, besides the use of geometry, we will find in this interesting text the description of some phenomena concerning the intensity of reflected and refracted light, which seems well-posed, even when compared with the modern Fresnel theory. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science, Optics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 101-107 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308295 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.295 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/295 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130937.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:101-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: On the Rainbow, a Robert Grosseteste's Treatise on Optics Abstract: On the Rainbow is one of the short scientific treatises written by Robert Grosseteste. The Latin title is De Iride. In the first part of this treatise, we can find a discussion on reflection and refraction of light, described in the framework of the geometrical optics. In the second part, Grosseteste is writing about the rainbow and how its colors are created. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science, Optics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 108-113 Volume: 2 Issue: 09 Year: 2013 Month: September Number: V2201308296 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.296 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/296 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130940.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:9:p:108-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Katieli Martins Todisco Author-Name: José Maria Correia da Costa Author-Name: Sueli Rodrigues Title: Microencapsulation of Red Mombin (Spondias Purpurea L.) Pulp using Spray-Drying Abstract: This work was carried out to study the storage of dehydrated pulp of red mombin stored in polyethylene and laminated packages for 120 days at 25°C ± 2°C and relative humidity of 85 % ± 5%. Red mombin powder was obtained by drying a solution containing 90% of integral pulp and 10% of maltodextrin in a spray-dryer with air temperature of 120°C. Every 30 days the following evaluations were made: sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose), moisture, water activity and colour (hue angle, Chroma and brightness). The results showed changes in relative humidity, sugar and water activities, there was a change in powder colour at the end of storage, with decreases in hue and brightness. Keywords: spray-dryer, room temperature, conservation, purple mombin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-11 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309300 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/300 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:6-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fátima Pereira de Souza Author-Name: Mariana Pela Sabgad Author-Name: Gabriela Campos de Araujo Author-Name: Haroldo Lima Pimentel Cravo Author-Name: Thiago Pançonato Salen Teixeira Author-Name: Valmir Fadel Author-Name: Deriane Elias Gomes Author-Name: Marcelo Andres Fossey Title: Interaction Model between HRSV G-Protein and Flavonoids Abstract: Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of infant mortality in the world, and human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is one of the main agents of ARI. One of the key targets of the adaptive host immune response is the RSV G-protein, which is responsible for attachment to the host cell. There is evidence that compounds such as flavonoids can inhibit viral infection in vitro. With this in mind, the main purpose of this study was to determine, using computational tools, the potential sites for interactions between G-protein and flavonoids. Results: Our study allowed the recognition of an hRSV G-protein model, as well as a model of the interaction with flavonoids. These models were composed, mainly, of -helix and random coil proteins. The docking process showed that molecular interactions are likely to occur. The flavonoid kaempferol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosil-(2 → 1)-α-L-apiofuranoside-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside was selected as a candidate inhibitor. The main forces of the interaction were hydrophobic, hydrogen and electrostatic. Conclusions: The model of G-protein is consistent with literature expectations, since it was mostly composed of random coils (highly glycosylated sites) and -helices (lipid regions), which are common in transmembrane proteins. The docking analysis showed that flavonoids interact with G-protein in an important ectodomain region, addressing experimental studies to these sites. The determination of the G-protein structure is of great importance to elucidate the mechanism of viral infectivity, and the results obtained in this study will allow us to propose mechanisms of cellular recognition and to coordinate further experimental studies in order to discover effective inhibitors of attachment proteins. Keywords: hRSV, G-protein, Molecular docking Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-19 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309301 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/301 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:12-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Diego N. Capelari Author-Name: Susana I. Sánchez Author-Name: Hugo H. Ortega Author-Name: Lucia B. Fuentes Title: Maternal Exposure to Enalapril Impairs Alveolarization in Neonatal Developing Rat Lung Abstract: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) during fetal or neonatal stages has been involved in lung growth and differentiation process. We studied the effects of maternal exposure to enalapril during late gestation (G13-G21) on lungs from their offsprings. Pregnant rats were administered with enalapril (2,85 mg/kg/day) and lungs analyzed at postnatal ages, significant difference between P0 and P30. Enalapril-treatment did not modify ACE activity in mothers, but decreased significantly in P0 treated-pups suggesting direct placental drug transference. sACE expression increased with age in both groups. AT1 receptors expression was high and localized in alveolar, bronchiole and endothelium cells. We detected larger but fewer alveoli with decreased septation at earlier postnatal stage in enalapril-treated pups. Quantification of immunopositive nuclei demonstrated that in treated pups the proliferation impairs in newborn lungs and thus progressively increased during two postnatal weeks, at difference with controls animals, where the highest proliferation levels were at P0 and then decreased significantly. In coincidence, high α-smooth muscle actin staining at the tips of developing secondary septal structures was observed at P15, evidencing an active elastogenesis. In summary, decreased ACE activity produced histomorphological changes and an impaired cellular proliferation at the saccular stage; however an active proliferation and elastogenesis, at later stages, suggest that the developing lung has the capacity to recover once treatment was stopped. Alterations in RAS function could contribute to the abnormalities in lung development tissue indicating that the system is one intrinsic factor necessary to differentiation and alveolarization process. However, other local factors could be involved in this mechanism. Keywords: Renin-Angiotensin-System, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme, Cellular Proliferation, Enalapril, Lung Development Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-12 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V2201308302 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.302 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/302 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V8201902302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amal N. El-Sari Author-Name: Reda A. El-Khoribi Title: Quality Assessment of 12-Lead ECG in Body Sensor Network Abstract: Body sensor network (BSN) is simple and effective biophysical data capture in real time to monitor human activities, such as health status and physiological signals for a wide range of application area. Electrocardiogram (ECG) uses medical body sensors to record the electrical activity of the heart to help diagnose of heart disease, and also monitor how well different heart medications are working. ECG is usually by affected by various types of noises. The most common noises originated from the power line interference, electrodes loss contact, baselines wander and motion artifact. This paper introduces a new technique for improving the quality of ECG using multi scale quantitive recurrence analysis (QRA) for feature extraction and decision tree classifier. The approach achieved classification accuracy of 92.4%, when tested on a dataset from the Computing in cardiology/PhysioNet Challenge 2011. Keywords: BSN, ECG, QRA, Decision tree Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 100-105 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309305 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/305 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:100-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jennifer Pharr Author-Name: Courtney Coughenour Author-Name: Timothy Bungum Title: Environmental, Human and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Pedestrian Injury and Death in Las Vegas, NC Abstract: Background: Pedestrian crashes are a deterrent to physical activity, especially walking. The purpose of this study was to analyze pedestrian crash characteristics in Clark County, NV and to determine if there was a significant relationship between pedestrian crashes and socio-economic variables. Methods: Police reported pedestrian crash data collected between January 2009 and December 2011 were analyzed. Frequencies and rates for pedestrian crashes, injuries and deaths were calculated for environmental and human characteristics. Chi square tests were utilized to determine if there were significant differences in environmental and human characteristics for pedestrian injuries and deaths. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression analysis was utilized to determine if there was a significant relationship between pedestrian crashes and socio-economic variables by urban census tracts. Results: The majority of pedestrian crashes occurred during the day, when it was clear and the roads were dry. There were significant differences in environmental and human characteristics when pedestrian injuries and deaths were compared. Significant predictors of pedestrian crashes by census tract were percent Hispanic, median age, median household income, and population density. Conclusions: Because pedestrian crashes are a barrier to physical activity, efforts to reduce them should be undertaken. Solutions could positively impact physical activity and walkability. Keywords: Pedestrian crashes, environmental characteristics, walkability, built environment, physical activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-39 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309307 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/307 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131013.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:31-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elvira Tarsitano Title: Effects of Climate Changes on the Spread of Pathogens: Risk to Biodiversity Abstract: The succession of great emergencies, with the consequent inevitable interventions in the public veterinary health field, has led our country in this last twenty year period, to pay significant attention to the emergencies bound with the diffusion of pathogenic agents correlated with climate changes and environmental interactions. Keywords: Climatic changes, Biodiversity, Biological cycles, Urban ecosystem Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-62 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309308 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/308 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131014.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:56-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alma Rosa Domínguez-Bocanegra Author-Name: Jorge Antonio Torres-Muñoz Author-Name: Ricardo Aguilar López Title: Biosorption of Cadmium (II), Lead (II) and Nickel (II) by Spirulina Maxima Abstract: Biosorption is the effective method for removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. In this study Spirulina maxima was used as an inexpensive and efficient biosorbent for Cd (II), Pb (II), and Ni (II) at concentrations 5 mgL-1, 10 mgL-1, 20 mgL-1 from aqueous solutions. This work focuses mainly on the kinetics of biosorption which follows a first-order model and equilibrium is properly described by Langmuir isotherms. The maximal sorption coefficient (qe) was 16.1, 36.2 and 12 for cadmium, lead and nickel respectively. Biosorption of lead was the most prominent, since even at 20 mgL-1 of initial concentration the equilibrium concentration was Ce = 4.8 mgL-1 at 240 min and a specific decay rate Ï… = 0.0062 min-1, which together with its maximal adsorption capacity qmax = 46.9 (mgg-1) and sorption rate constant k= 0.0081 min-1 attests for the quality of lead biosorption by living biomass of Spirulina maxima. Keywords: Spirulina maxima, biosorption kinetics, lead, cadmium, nickel Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-55 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309309 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/309 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:45-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mevludin Hasanovic Author-Name: Alija Sutovic Author-Name: Esmina Avdibegovic Author-Name: Izet Pajevic Author-Name: Abdurahman Kuldija Author-Name: Amra Delic Author-Name: Nerminka Aljukic Title: Problems in Inducing Interferon Therapy of Opiate Addicts with Chronic Hepatitis C Who Are In Substitution Maintenance Therapy with Buprenorphine/Naloxone (Suboxone®) Abstract: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly infected disease with long period of failure to recognize it, what leads to chronic liver damage and lower chances for complete cure if detected late. Intravenous opiate users (IDU) often pass the infection to other IDUs, or themselves be infected from virus carriers using the same non-sterile equipment. After the implementation of substitution treatment of opiate addicts (OST) with July 2009 year, serological tests for chronic hepatitis B and C and HIV were indispensable, as well as laboratory findings with liver function parameter analysis as a condition for starting OST. In this way we discovered 50 chronic hepatitis C positive opiate addicts out of 195 of those whom we induced in OST. Although faced with danger of the final result if not treated in time, addicts when become aware that they were chronic hepatitis C positive, they avoid further needed procedures leading to the inclusion of specific therapy with Peginterferon plus Ribavirin. The authors present the problems that chronic hepatitis C positive opiate addicts bring out as a reason they do not accept the continuation of the procedure detecting HCV genotypes, and the inclusion of specific therapy for the chronic hepatitis C treatment in the Departments for Infectious or Internal diseases. The authors present efforts of experts responsible for the chronic hepatitis C treatment to organize a multidisciplinary team, in order to coordinate Interferon therapy for each chronic hepatitis C positive IDUs. Keywords: Chronic hepatitis C, Peginterferon plus Ribavirin, Opiate Addiction, Substitution Opiate Treatment, Buprenorphine/Naloxone, Suboxone Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-44 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309310 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/310 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:40-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Generation of Sounds According to Robert Grosseteste Abstract: A translation and discussion of the De Generatione Sonorum, On the Generation of Sounds, a short scientific treatise written by Robert Grosseteste, is proposed. The subjects are sounds and phonetics. In this treatise we find the medieval philosopher discussing oscillations and elasticity of materials as the source of sound. For what concerns phonetics, he uses some motions and their combinations to describe movements of breath and articulators in producing the voice. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science, Acoustics, Phonetics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309311 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.311 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/311 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: On Social Networks in Plays and Novels Abstract: Literary works can be analysed in the framework of network theories, as proposed for instance by the Stanford Literary Laboratory, in some of their experiments. In fact, the plot of a play or a novel can be displayed as a network of interacting characters, where the timeline of the plot is projected on a planar graph. Here we discuss this approach and how it can help in highlighting some features of the literary work. Keywords: Literary experiments, Literary laboratories, Networks Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-25 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309312 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.312 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/312 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:20-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul Wadood Author-Name: Nasir Ahmed Author-Name: Muhammad Riaz Author-Name: Sulaiman Shams Author-Name: Javed Anwer Author-Name: Ayaz Ahmed Title: Homology Modeling and Molecular Dynamic Study of Candida Albicans Heat Shock Protein 21, a Potential Target Protein for Antifungal Drug Development Abstract: Background: Species of Candida are ranked as the third most frequently isolated pathogens from blood. Although, Candida albicans (C. albicans) are one of the main etiologic agent for candidiasis, the small heat shock protein 21 (sHsp21) in C. albicans showed its pivotal role for environmental stress adaptation and fungal virulence. In C. albicans Hsp21 is a necessary factor for thermal and oxidative stress tolerance. Results: In the present work a homology model of Hsp21 from C. albicans was developed and evaluated using validated methods. Ramachandran plot for the model demonstrated that 98.02 percent of residues are in most favorable region, indicating that the model is reliable. The computed energy value, instability index and root mean square deviation (RMSD) fluctuation of back bone alpha carbon of the model, confirming the stability of the model. Molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent environments were carried out for the entire protein by using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) with AMBER99 force field with the aim to characterize the dynamics of the protein. The results showed an open motion of the protein in solvent. Conclusions: Until the determination of three-dimensional structure of Hsp21 experimentally, the predicted model will serve as a supportive reference for exploring the interactions between Hsp21 and its antagonists. This research might help to understand the mechanism of action of Hsp21 protein and might facilitate the design of new and potent chemo-types to combat infection caused by Candida albicans. Keywords: Candida albicans, Heat shock protein, Homology modeling, MD simulation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 122-131 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309315 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/315 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131021.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:122-131 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafael Alfredo Fernández Author-Name: María Laura Carbone Author-Name: María Laura Sánchez Author-Name: Virtudes Pareja Author-Name: Laura Irene Teresita de Jong Author-Name: María Isabel Bianco Title: Interference of the Developing and Toxin Production of Clostridium Botulinum by Lactobacillus Paracasei Subspecies Paracasei Abstract: Infant botulism is an intestinal toxic-infection affecting infants younger than one year of age, and currently in some country is the most important form of human botulism by its frequency of occurrence. It is a rare neuroparalytic disease, but potentially fatal, especially if it is not early diagnosed and properly treated. It is caused by botulinum neurotoxins produced by species of Clostridium, principally C. botulinum. C. botulinum spores are widely distributed in nature, and its most common habitat and natural reservoir is the soil, the main source of contamination for the different forms of botulism. C. botulinum spores have been identified in some foods, such as honey, corn syrup, infant formula and in some medicinal plants. Considering the difficulty to prevent the swallowing of spores, is particularly relevant have adequate arrangements to interfere with colonization and/or toxin formation of C. botulinum in the intestine. Different probiotics have been demonstrated utility against several intestinal pathogens. So, we studied and demonstrated the interference of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei on the growth and toxin formation of one strain of C. botulinum type A. Therefore, administering probiotics to infants, perhaps from birth, would be effective in preventing or treating the disease. Keywords: botulism, infant botulism, toxin formation, inhibition, probiotics, lactic acid bacteria, prevention Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-93 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309317 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/317 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:87-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Oscillations of Heavy Springs Discussed for a Student Laboratory Abstract: Springs are used in simple demonstrations for the students of Physics classes to illustrate the Hooke’s Law and harmonic oscillations. The spring is usually considered as a light object that does not possess a mass. What happens if the spring is heavy, that is, its mass is not negligible? This paper aims to discuss this problem as plainly as possible. An experiment is also proposed. Keywords: Heavy spring, Hooke’s Law, Oscillation, Physics class Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 94-99 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309320 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.320 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/320 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131026.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:94-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. Andy Li Author-Name: Juan Pan Author-Name: Lingwu Zhang Author-Name: Feng Wang Author-Name: Dan Liu Author-Name: Tao Sun Title: Amygdala Kindling Alters Estrus Cycle and Ovarian Morphology in the Rat Abstract: The objective of this study is to explore the effects of amygdala kindling on estrus cycle and ovarian morphology. Thirty-five female rats at the age of 8 weeks were randomly designated to electrode kindled, sham-kindled, and normal controls. Kindled rats were implanted with kindling electrodes in the left basolateral amygdala and kindled by brief suprathreshold stimulations with a bipolar electrode. Estrous cycles were daily monitored through vaginal smears. Electrographic and behavioral seizures were recorded and ovarian morphology was evaluated by light and electron microscopies. Our results showed that the kindled rats lost their ovarian periodicity displayed significant ovarian enlargement. H&E staining revealed increased number of growing follicles and total follicles, as well as polycysts in the ovaries of the kindled animals compared to sham and control animals. Ultrastructural study detected numerous apoptotic granulosa cells in growing follicles and thecal cell hyperplasia with secretary granules in the thecal cells in the kindled rats. The results suggest that amygdala kindling is a risk factor for the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. Keywords: amygdala kindling, endocrinology, epileptogensis, estrus cycle, ovarian morphology, polycystic ovary syndrome, reproductive system Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-21 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310321 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/321 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:12-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucia B. Fuentes Author-Name: Graciela Haydeé Wendel Author-Name: Guillermo Osvaldo Orellano Author-Name: Liliana del Carmen Trujillo Title: Hypothyroidism as a Potential Risk Factor in Hypertensive Patients Abstract: There have been previous studies examining the association between thyroid dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Hypothyroidism is related to an increased risk of functional cardiovascular abnormalities, particularly for hypertension. The aim was to characterize the prevalence of hypothyroidism as a risk factor for arterial hypertension in a community-based study in San Luis, Argentina. Cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive studies were designed. A total of 1,023 individuals were recorded at a cardiologic center (2006- 2008). Data abstracted from clinical history included: age, sex, hypertension (HTA >140/90 mm Hg), and serum thyroid function tests: TSH, T4 and T3. The investigation involved 698 patients with HTA (74.2% women), 367 with hypothyroidism (81.5% women) and 247 with hypothyroidism-HTA (79,8% women). Ages ranged from 22 to 92 years (mean: 49.9± 11.9) and mean weight 84.3±17.0 kg. Age was positively correlated with body weight (r=+ 0.312, P=0.003). TSH mean: 7.67±1.6 µIU/ml (Men: 6.28±1.2 µIU/ml, Women: 7.92±2.1 µIU/ml). The mean systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 160.8±25.4 mm Hg and 98.8±13.9 mm Hg, respectively. Increasing SBP-DBP for range of TSH was studied. The positive association between TSH and SBP (r:+0.155,P=0.042) were found. The association between age (four categories) versus SBP in hypothyroidism patients (r=+0.267, P=0.0001) and the highest percentage was in the age range 51-60 years. DBP was also positively associated with age (r=+0.200, P= 0.0001), highest percentage in age range 41-50 years. There was an important increase in SBP (160.75±19.39-175.43± 21.00 mmHg) and TSH (3.71±2.05-12.06±9.23 µUI/mL) in hypothyroid patients by age. DBP was highest in the 4th decade (104.70±11.87 mmHg). The positive association between TSH hypothyroidism-HTA and age were found (r:+0.353,P=0.0001). Serum T4 (7.78±2.40-6.75±2.15 µgr/dL) and T3 (1.24±0.35-0.88±0.26 ng/mL) decreased with age. High prevalence of hypothyroidism in our hypertensive patients was detected (20.8% and 5.6% subclinical). Decrease of serum T4 and T3 suggest the lack of blood pressure regulation which could be responsible for the hypertensive state. We found a positive association between TSH and SBP that could have implications for cardiovascular health. These findings indicate that hypothyroidism may be an important predictor of higher mean SBP. In conclusion, in these population patients we found a close association between hypertension and hypothyroidism. Keywords: hypertension, hypothyroidism, blood pressure, thyroid hormones Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-27 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310322 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/322 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tariq Mahmood Author-Name: Bakht Zada Author-Name: S. A. Malik Title: Effect of Iron Nanoparticles on Hyacinth’s Fermentation Abstract: Biomass feedstock is desirable for bio-hydrogen and bioethanol production as they have less competition with food crops and are hard to be localized geographically. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is the fastest growing plant, containing abundant of cellulose and hemicellulose which can be easily converted into fermentable sugars and is more suitable feedstock for bio-hydrogen and bioethanol. In this study bio-hydrogen and bioethanol were produced from dry biomass of water hyacinth by microbial fermentation under influence of iron nanoparticles. For fermentative bio-hydrogen production dry powdered biomass was first pretreated and then saccharified into fermentable sugars by enzymes. Sugars of enzymatic hydrolysis were xylose and glucose with concentration of 9.0% and 8.0% respectively. For bioethanol production dry plant was saccharified with 1% sulfuric acid solution, autoclaved at 121°C, 15 lbs for 1.5h. The reducing sugar obtained in this method containing 5% glucose. Results showed that the specific concentration of iron nanoparticles was able to enhance the hydrogen yield. Ethanol yield was enhanced by iron nanoparticles by using it in certain concentration range during fermentation. Maximum hydrogen yield of 57mL/g of dry weight based plant biomass was obtained at 250mg/L concentration of iron nanoparticles which is 85.50% of the maximum theoretical yield. The maximum ethanol yield of 0.0232g of dry weight plant biomass was obtained at concentration of 150mg/L of iron nanoparticles. The ethanol yield constitutes 90.98% of the maximum theoretical yield at iron nanoparticles. Keywords: iron nanoparticles, water hyacinth, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, fermentation, biohydrogen, bioethanol Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 106-121 Volume: 2 Issue: 10 Year: 2013 Month: October Number: V2201309323 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/323 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:10:p:106-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noradli Bin Parsada Title: Multi Storied Forest Management System as an Enrichment Planting Arrangement on Poorly Stocked Inland Forest: An Experience in Peninsular Malaysia Abstract: The paper present the results of evaluation of the data set that contains the variety of trees species and approaches under Multi Storied Forest Management System on three (3) selected sites, namely, Secondary forest, Acacia mangium forest and Selective logged over forest in Peninsular Malaysia. The results showed that in Secondary forest, Shorea roxburghii showed the highest survival rate at 98% and the highest average of diameter growth with 2.13cm at one (1) year planting. While in Acacia mangium forest, Hopea odorata had exceeding the highest survival rate with 77% and has the highest average of diameter growth with 2.06cm at one (1) year planting. For Selective logged over natural forest, Dipterocarpus baudii shows the highest survival rate with 76% meanwhile Shorea leprosula has the highest average of diameter growth with 1.5cm at one (1) year after planting. These results indicate that with the right species selection used under several planting methods of Multi Storied Forest Management System will become the potential application for future large enrichment planting programme in poorly stocked inland forest in Peninsular Malaysia. Keywords: growth performance, survival rate, diameter growth, enrichment planting, secondary forest, Acacia mangium forest, selective logged over forest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-42 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310326 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/326 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:28-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arif Sulfiantono Author-Name: M. Taufik Tri Hermawan Author-Name: Maluyi Title: A Comparison of Effectiveness of the Management of Conservation Areas of China and Indonesia Abstract: This study uses two methods of measuring the effectiveness of different management of protected areas, namely RAPPAM and METT. In this study compared the management of conservation areas between Merapi Volcano National Park, Indonesia and Beijing Songshan National Nature Reserve, China. The research was conducted by interviews and questionnaires with the manager and staff. The results revealed that Merapi Volcano NP and Songshan NNR have managed quite effectively. On RAPPAM methods, Merapi Volcano NP has management index of 0.63, and Songshan NNR 0.844. METT methods score for Merapi Volcano NP of 2.3, and Songshan NNR of 2.47. Those values are above the midpoint of the maximum value possible. RAPPAM and METT methods can be used simultaneously to capture the effectiveness of protected area management, as well as to determine the priority activities that need to be streamlined. Keywords: Protected areas, RAPPAM, METT, Songshan National Nature Reserve, Merapi Volcano National Park, Effectiveness Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 73-82 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310331 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/331 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:73-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yoshiaki Sugawara Author-Name: Naomi Sano Author-Name: Yuka Nishida Title: A Lipid-Lowering Diet Combined with Exercise is Effective for Achieving Healthy Serum Cholesterol in a Male with a Predisposition for Developing Hyperlipidemia (Dyslipidemia): A 20-Year Case Study Abstract: This case-study presents data supporting the use of a combination of a lipid-lowering diet and physical aerobic exercise for achieving healthy levels of plasma triglycerides, serum total cholesterol as well as low-density and high-density lipoproteins. The blood lipid data were those of one of the authors (Y.S.) obtained from annual health testing results from 1988 to 2011. Y.S. was diagnosed with hyperlipidemia (dyslipidemia) in 1989 and decided to not take lipid-lowering drugs but rather follow a lipid-lowering diet developed by a clinical registered dietician. The test results showed that initially, the lipid-lowering diet assisted in the achievement of healthy plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. However, eight years after commencement of the lipid-lowering diet (in 1997) Y.S. had his second diagnosis of hyperlipidemia. He then included a daily walking program (no less than 10,000 steps per day, 5 to 6 days/week) and later indoor bike-peddling exercise (minimum of 30 min/day, 5 days/week) as part of his treatment plan and continued with his lipid-lowering diet. This new regimen was highly effective with Y.S. achieving and maintaining a healthy level of plasma triglyceride, serum total cholesterol as well as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Keywords: hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, lipid-lowering diet, physical aerobic exercise, lifestyle modifications, a long case study Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-11 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310333 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/333 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Sunrise and Sunset Azimuths in the Planning of Ancient Chinese Towns Abstract: In the planning of some Chinese towns we can see an evident orientation with the cardinal direction north-south. However, other features reveal a possible orientation with the directions of sunrise and sunset on solstices too, as in the case of Shangdu (Xanadu), the summer capital of Kublai Khan. Here we discuss some other examples of a possible solar orientation in the planning of ancient towns. We will analyse the plans of Xi’an, Khanbalik and Dali. Keywords: Satellite Imagery, Orientation, Archaeoastronomy, China Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-59 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310334 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.334 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/334 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131109.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:52-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Solar Orientation of the Lion Rock Complex in Sri Lanka Abstract: This paper discusses the solar orientation of the archaeological complex of Sigiriya, the Lion Rock, in Sri Lanka. We can see that the axis of this complex is oriented with the sunset of the zenithal sun. Keywords: Satellite Mas, Solar orientation, Archaeoastronomy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-62 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310335 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.335 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/335 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:60-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raed Bashitialshaaer Author-Name: Kenneth M Persson Title: China Desalination Cost Compared to Global Long-Term Estimation Abstract: The future overall trends of desalination cost are estimated using least-square fitting method based on Excel, and four major impact factors, named technology, feed water, energy sources and capacity, are discussed and prospected. Five different types of desalination technology are presented and bench-marked for long-term use. RO and MSF are dominant technologies. Six different input water sources are used. There is no significant change in the sources distribution during the past 20 years. Wastewater should be more important. Three different energy supplies are reviewed: conventional fossil based energy, nuclear energy and renewable energy sources. Large capacity has obvious cost advantage over the small one for the same technology. At present, the cost of desalination using a conventional source of energy is lowest. In this paper, statistical analysis points indicates a total production cost of less than US 0.5 $/m3 in 2020. This will probably continue to drop due to effects of scale and reach US 0.35 $/m3 after year 2020. Wastewater is less costly to desalinate, approximately US 0.3 $/m3 from the year 2015. Brackish water will reach US 0.2 $/m3 at year 2015. China water and desalination projects were discussed compared to the global production and cost estimation from different points. In china, the open discussion is preferred as the result of this study in order to reduce the price and impact of desalination. Keywords: desalination, cost estimation, technology, feed water, energy, capacity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-72 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310337 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/337 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131113.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:63-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lina Bettucci Author-Name: Susana Tiscornia Title: Endophytic Fungi from Uruguayan Native Myrtaceae: Enzymes Production, Antimicrobial and Phytotoxic Activity Abstract: In recent years fungal endophytes occurring in native Myrtaceae from Uruguay have been studied. Fungal associations with the host, such as saprotrophs, latent plant pathogens or symbiotic, are related with enzymes and secondary metabolites production. Therefore, a main goal of this work was to evaluate the ability of endophytic fungi isolated from Myrcianthes cisplatensis, Myrrhinium atropurpureum and Eugenia uruguayensis to produce hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes and bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial activity or phytotoxic properties. Enzymes production were evaluated by plate assay and metabolites were extracted with organic solvents. For detecting phytotoxicity, fungal extract were injected on fresh leaves of E. uruguayensis. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by antibiogram technique and growth inhibition assessed by halo. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Xylaria acuta and Amphisphariaceae 143 that showed the highest enzymatic activity probably degrading plant debris when they arrive to soil having saprotrophic life style. The enthomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae producing proteases and chitinases is active pathogen of several insect species. In addition, Nigrospora spherica and Xylaria sp. produced necrotic spots on Myrtaceae leaves evidencing phytotoxic activity. The antifungal activity showed by some endophytic species evidenced the ability to limit the development of microorganism populations. Lophiostoma sp. 246 was the most active strain against Staphyloccocus aureus and Candida albicans and Preussia. africana evidenced a good antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas campestris. Native Myrtaceae seems to be a good source of fungal endophytes for producing enzymes related with decomposition process and a promising source of bioactive metabolites with antimicrobial and fitotoxigenic activities. In addition, the new strain of M. anisopliaes could be a promising bioinsecticide. Keywords: Secondary metabolites, endocellulases, pectinases, ligninases, proteases, chitinases Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-103 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310339 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/339 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:96-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Gardens of Taj Mahal and the Sun Abstract: The Taj Mahal is a splendid mausoleum in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is the best known and famous example of the Mughal architecture, which combines elements from Islamic and Indian architectural styles. Here we discuss the planning of the Taj Mahal gardens and their orientation with sunrise/sunset azimuths on solstices. Keywords: Satellite Maps, Solar Orientation, Archaeoastronomy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 104-107 Volume: 2 Issue: 11 Year: 2013 Month: November Number: V2201310346 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.346 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/346 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131121.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:11:p:104-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fabiane Bordin Author-Name: Suelen Pavi Author-Name: Júlia de Marco Author-Name: Luana Simões Pires de Oliveira Author-Name: Michel Fagundes Author-Name: Maurício Roberto Veronez Author-Name: Francisco Manoel Wohnrath Tognoli Author-Name: Bernardo Fonseca Tutikian Title: A Comparative Study in the Execution of Gypsum Coatings under an Environmental Impact Perspective Abstract: The gypsum slurry used in coatings is a construction material that generates many residues. Despite the proven feasibility of recycling, the reduction of waste is still the best way of minimizing the environmental impact. Different technologies have been studied in order to replace its use. However, studies have shown that the losses in construction when using gypsum plasterboard panels are approximately 5%. Although gypsum plasterboard panels seem to be environmentally more suitable, it is necessary to do a comparative study to support the advantages of using plasterboard panels. The survey of aspects and impacts was carried out directly in the monitoring of the implementation procedures in work. For the impact assessment, the methodology took into account significance criteria, scope, frequency and severity. From the score attributed to these criteria was possible to assess the severity of impacts and define which finishes would be environmentally more suitable. As a result has been that the gypsum plasterboard panels causes less environmental impacts during the construction, in this evaluation we found 33 impacts unless that the coatings with gypsum slurry and their most appropriate use under the environmental point of view. Keywords: construction materials, gypsum plasterboard panels, gypsum slurry, environmental impacts Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311347 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/347 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yujun Sun Author-Name: Khambay KHAMPHILAVONG Title: People’s Participation in the Production Forest Management in the Middle Part of Lao Abstract: The objective of this research was to study the determine the socio-economic, the level assessment of people’s partic-ipation in production forest management in the south east of Lao. The samples consisted of 111 villagers were live in Khangchone and Khorksavang village, who was asked complete the questionnaire. The survey data were analyzed by Microsoft Excel program, percentage, distribution, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, average values and Chi-quare test research hypothesis and statistical significance level was set at 0.05. The results showed: people’s par-ticipation in the production forest management were 3 activities participation in the decision making planning was never and total average points was 8.18, participation in implementation was rather much and total average points was 24.45, participation in monitoring and evaluation was a little level and total average point was 22.25, the condi-tions related to people’s participation forest management at Khangchone sub-forest management area were the posi-tion within the household, the position of household leaders within the society and the receiving of forest manage-ment news. Keywords: Community forest management, common property, socio-economic status, relationship of participation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-29 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311350 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/350 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:22-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Solar Azimuths in the Planning of a Nur Jahan's Charbagh Abstract: A charbagh garden, the Dilkusha Charbagh, located near the town of Shahdara Bagh in Lahore, Pakistan, was created by the Mughal empress Nur Jahan. At the center of the garden, it was built the mausoleum of her husband, the emperor Jahangir. The paper discusses this charbagh and its planning according with solar azimuths. Keywords: Satellite Maps, Solar Orientation, Mughal Architecture, Charbagh Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-10 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311353 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.353 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/353 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:8-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurício Roberto Veronez Author-Name: Fabiane Bordin Author-Name: Francisco Manoel Wohnrath Tognoli Author-Name: Anibal Gusso Author-Name: Marcelo Kehl de Souza Title: Artificial Neural Network Approach for Estimation of Land Surface Temperature Abstract: in this article we present an alternative method for extrapolation of Land Surface Temperature (LST) by means of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) based on positional variables (UTM coordinates and altitude), temperature and average air relative humidity. The study region was the Rio dos Sinos Hydrographic Basin (RSHB), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. For ANN training we used an NOAA-14/AVHRR satellite thermal image, with pixels size 1 x 1 km, with known information of LST on January 29, 2003. Various settings were tested in ANN training step, the one that presented the best performance was composed of only one intermediate layer (with 4 neurons and logistic sigmoid activation function). The trained network was validated with 2 simulations: in the first simulation we extrapolate the LST values of April 11, 2003 and in the second simulation we extrapolate LST values of October 15, 2003. The results of the simulations were compared with Split Window (SW) algorithm and the average discrepancies found between both models were of -0.30° C and 0.26° C, respectively, of April 11, 2003 and October 15, 2003. A strong correlation was found between both models with R2 values exceeding 0.93 and statistically we checked that there was no difference between the LST averages values obtained by ANN and SW for 5% significance level. Keywords: Artificial Neural Networks, NOAA Satellite Image, Land Surface Temperature, Split Window Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-21 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311354 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/354 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:11-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Glyn Hobbs Author-Name: Ismini Nakouti Title: The Use of Proteolytic Activity to Evaluate Meat Tenderising Agents Abstract: Tenderness is considered to be the most important meat characteristic. Currently common methods of evaluating meat tenderisation include scanning calorimetry, texture profile analysis and WBSF measurements. Here we report the use of a scientific tool based upon a colourimetric protease assay to screen natural products as tenderising agents. Keywords: Meat tenderisation, marinades, proteolytic activity, azocasein Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 61-63 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312355 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/355 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140133.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:61-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trigo M. S. Author-Name: Borrás M. M. Author-Name: Cordiviola C. A. Author-Name: Arias R. O. Author-Name: Lacchini R. A. Author-Name: Antonini A. G. Title: Effects of Hull Inclusion in Diets for Rabbits Abstract: Improving efficiency of digestion and use of balanced diets is one of the challenges ahead, both to improve the health conditions of animals and to design production systems compatible with the environment. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the addition of hull to the diet of meat rabbits on days to slaughter, on mortality in the fattening period and N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorous) percentages excreted in feces. 64 rabbits were used weaned at 28 days. They were fed ad libitum. Diets consisted of two commercial formulations (Ga and Ge) with and without husk of wheat and oats by 10% (P / P). Time of fattening and mortality was recorded for each diet. Feces were collected from 48 cages at the beginning and end of fattening (45 and 65 days) and percentage of NT (total nitrogen) was determined by micro-Kjeldahl and TP (total phosphorus) by colorimetry with metavanadate. The animals fed with husks in the diet showed a higher slaughter age and mortality decrease. The only factor tested that caused significant differences in nitrogen excretion was the addition of hull. The oat hull diet showed a significantly lower nitrogen removal. Phosphorus excretion showed a significant difference according to the type of commercial diet fed, the addition of husk and the fattening stage. While adding outside fiber to food causes a delay in the time of slaughter, this would be partially offset by a reduction in mortality. The addition of oat hulls would be a viable alternative to reduce emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus to the environment via feces. Keywords: hull, mortality, nitrogen, phosphorus, rabbits Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-23 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401356 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/356 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:21-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Bond Lengths in Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and Carbonic Acid as Sums of the Atomic, Ionic and Bohr Radii Abstract: Joseph Black is known for his pioneering work on "fixed air" which we know as carbon dioxide. This paper accounts for the different carbon to oxygen distances in carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbonic acid in terms of the atomic, ionic and Bohr radii of the atoms, which are all related by the Golden ratio. The results confirm the author's work on the additivity of the appropriate radii of adjacent atoms or ions in the structure of small as well as big molecules. Keywords: CO bond lengths, Atomic radii, Bohr radii, Golden ratio, Additivity of radii in bond lengths, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Carbonic acid Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-32 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311361 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/361 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:30-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Robert Grosseteste and the Four Elements Abstract: De Impressionibus Elementorum is a treatise written by Robert Grosseteste, English scientist and philosopher, shortly after 1220 AD. In this treatise we can find a discussion of some phenomena involving the four classical elements (air, water, fire and earth), in the framework of an Aristotelian physics of the atmosphere. For its referring to experiments, this treatise strongly differentiates from similar previous works. Moreover, it contains some descriptions of phase transitions which are rather interesting, in particular when Grosseteste is discussing of bubbles. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-45 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311362 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.362 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/362 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131218.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:42-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Satu Uusiautti Author-Name: Kaarina Määttä Title: The Value and Implementation of Health Education in Finland Abstract: Health education is an established school subject in Finland which is somewhat pioneering in the context of a nation-wide education and its contents and goals. However, the numerous health-related concepts that are partly overlapping make the definition, planning, and implementation of health education challenging. The purpose of this article is to discuss and illustrate the entity of health education through the various related concepts of health education and their mutual hierarchy. At its most concrete, successful health promotion leads to high-level health skills that are manifested as the ability to cherish health and well-being at the level of the behavior of individual people and communities. At the individual level, health skills are symbolized with the flame of life as the outcome of health promotion, health education, and the school subject of health education. Health skills include health awareness, health sensitivity and health literacy. In addition, the importance of caring teacherhood as the means of health education is discussed. Keywords: health, health education, health promotion, health skills, health education teacher, caring teacherhood Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-51 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311363 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/363 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:46-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Science of Al-Biruni Abstract: Al-Biruni (973-1048) was one of the greatest scientists of all times. He was an astronomer, mathematician and philosopher, and studied physics and natural sciences. In this paper, we will discuss some of his experimental methods and some instruments he used. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-60 Volume: 2 Issue: 12 Year: 2013 Month: December Number: V2201311364 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.364 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/364 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220131220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:2:y:2013:i:12:p:52-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Noura HANIF Author-Name: CHAIR mohammed Author-Name: CHBANI IDRISSI mostapha Author-Name: NAOKI tojo Title: Study of the Red Algae Growth Gelidium Sesquipedale Turner) Thuret (Rhodophyceae, Gelidiales) of Moroccan Atlantic Coast Abstract: The red algae Gelidium sesquipedale is the main source of agar; 44% of world production. This natural resource is subject to intensive exploitation and has significant signs of deterioration. To enable the local industry to continue its development, it was necessary to find new sources of raw material. In this regard, we conducted this study to show the best time of collection of this species. The pursuit of growth parameters (the length of the thallus, the mass of the fronds and the total number of branches) of Gelidium sesquipedale in the three stations (Lahdida (North of Azemmour), Moulay Abdellah and Sidi Abed) in the Moroccan Atlantic coast has identified the best period for collection from July to September each year. Keywords: red algae, Gelidium sesquipedale, production, resource, collection, agar, growth Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-85 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312372 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/372 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:77-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guoyin Kai Author-Name: Xiaojuan Teng Author-Name: Lijie Cui Author-Name: Shanshan Li Author-Name: Xiaolong Hao Author-Name: Min Shi Author-Name: Bin Yan Title: Effect of Three Plant Hormone Elicitors on the Camptothecin Accumulation and Gene Transcript Profiling in Camptotheca Acuminata Seedlings Abstract: Camptothecin (CPT) is an antitumor alkaloid first isolated from Chinese tree Camptotheca acuminata Decaisne (Nyssaceae). Several attempts have been made to improve CPT production in plant, among which elicitation was considered as a useful method. In this study, camptothecin (CPT) and its derivative 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) accumulation, as well as related gene transcript profiling in C. acuminata seedlings, in response to abscisic acid (ABA, 100 µM), methyl jasmonate (MJ, 100 µM) and salicylic acid (SA, 1 mM) were examined. Results showed that all three elicitors enhanced both camptothecin and 10-hydroxycamptothecin accumulation, among which abscisic acid (ABA) exhibited the most effective elicitation with the increment of 1.44-fold for CPT (1.81 mg/g DW) and 1.21-fold for HCPT (2.6 mg/g DW) respectively. Our expression results showed a positive correlation between gene expression and alkaloid accumulation, suggesting that alkaloid accumulation may be the result of the synchronous up-regulation of several genes such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) involved in CPT biosynthesis under the treatment of various elicitors. Our work provided useful information of further understanding molecular regulation mechanism of CPT biosynthesis and its metabolic engineering in C. acuminata in the future. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 86-95 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312375 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/375 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:86-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo G. Sapogin Author-Name: V. A. Dzhanibekov Author-Name: Yu. A. Ryabov Title: General Problems of Sciences Abstract: The present article discuses the problems of new Unitary Quantum Theory in its applications to the different aspects of the reality. There are spectacular examples of such applications. Keywords: Unitary Quantum Theory, Standard Model, Quantum Electrodynamics, Maxwell Equations, Schrodinger Equation, Solid State Physics, Zone Theory, Semiconductors, Tunneling Effects Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-26 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312377 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/377 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:7-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angelo Plastino Author-Name: C. M. Sarris Author-Name: M. P. Sassano Title: Peculiar Dynamics of Phase-space Embedded SU(2) Hamiltonians Abstract: The Maximum Entropy Principle is used to analyze a phase-space embedded SU(2) Hamiltonian that exhibits a very complex dynamics. It is seen that the uncertainty principle becomes an invariant of the motion. Keywords: Non-linear Semi-quantum Dynamics, Maximum Entropy Principle Approach, Complex Dynamics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-44 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312379 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/379 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:32-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Maria Eugênia da Silva Cruz Author-Name: Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan Estrada Author-Name: José Renato Stangarlin Author-Name: Maria Julia da Silva Cruz Title: Effect of Alternative Products against Green Mold in Postharvest of Oranges (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) Abstract: Considering the viability and the antimicrobial potential of secondary metabolites synthetized by plants, this work aimed at evaluating the effect of natural vegetal products on orange green mold. Fruits of orange, naturally infected with P. digitatum, were submitted to fumigation with 2mL of essential oil of Citrus aurantium ssp. bergamia and Citrus aurantium ssp. sinensis and also to immersion in citric extracts at a concentration of 2% and 4% (fruits immersed in distilled water constituted the control treatment). The treated fruits remained in room conditions (25  2ºC and 85  5% R.H.) for a period of 12 days. By analyzing the results, we observed lower incidence of the pathogen over the fruits that were submitted to treatments with natural products, being that treatments with citric extract at 2% and 4% and the treatment with essential oil of C. aurantium ssp. sinensis did not differ significantly among them, but there was a significant different among them and the treatment with essential oil of C. aurantium ssp. bergamia, which differed from the control treatment, with relation to the incidence (83.33%) and severity (30.20%) of the disease. All treatments caused a high percentage of control (higher than 94.41%), differing significantly from the control treatment (59.06%). Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-101 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312382 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/382 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140122.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:96-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. J. Ekpoh Title: Recent Severe Flooding in Calabar, Nigeria: Causes, Consequences and Possible Remedies Abstract: Recent flood incidents in Calabar, Nigeria have overprinted their rhythms in terms of recurrence time and intensity, prompting serious concerns from the scientific community, the government and the general populace. This paper discussed the emerging weather anomalies in Calabar, Nigeria. Serious effort was made to impress the reader with evidence on the onset of climate change in Nigeria. The paper observed that recent, severe, yearly flooding in Calabar was a sign of global climate change which portends more rainfall for coastal towns in Nigeria. Also, the massive, urban renewal and expansion programmes that have been undertaken in the city during the last ten years, together with poor attitude to waste management, were implicated in the nightmare flood occurrences that have been witnessed in Calabar in the past three years (2011-2013). A number of recommendations were made towards mitigating the impact of flooding on society and environment, including the need to create more green-spaces and redesign the drainage network. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-105 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312383 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/383 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140123.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:102-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jyoti Jadoun Author-Name: M.K.Singh Title: A Study of Physico- Chemical Properties & Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils of Municipal Waste Dumpsite at Dholpur Abstract: The study assesses the qualities of contaminated soils of three municipal waste dumpsites in Dholpur, Rajasthan. The pH of the dumpsite soils ranged from 6.12±0.36 to 7.85±0.31 which is tending towards neutral or alkaline pH. Water holding capacity and moisture content at dumpsites were in good amounts (28.33±1.23 to 46.48±1.09 and 32.43±1.69 to 50.74±1.22 % respectively). Organic matter was higher (1.70±0.49 to 2.65±0.28%) at dumpsites as compared to their adjoining areas. Clay texture class played a significant role in differentiating normal soils of adjoining area than dumpsite soils. Total metal concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn were also analyzed and elevated levels of heavy metals were obtained at dumpsites (34.56±1.05 to 110.75±2.59 mg/kg). Metal contamination at dumpsite was in the order of Pb>Cu>Cr>Ni>Zn>Cd imparting highest contamination to Recco Area dumpsite while Housing board dumpsite was least contaminated. Cr and Cd were not detectable from all adjoining areas while Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni and Cu were present in least amounts (7.12±0.20 to 36.84±4.12 mg/kg). Physico-chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations at each dumpsite were also correlated with each other and many significant correlations were observed. This work will prove valuable in providing baseline information for further soil quality monitoring studies in study area. Keywords: Heavy metals, Soil contamination, Environmental monitoring, MSW management Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-49 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312386 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/386 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140126.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:45-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicola Morelli Author-Name: Eugenia Rota Author-Name: Ilaria Iafelice Author-Name: Matteo Giorgi Pierfranceschi Author-Name: Donata Guidetti Title: Acute Treatment of Thrombolysis-Associated Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Case Report Abstract: Alteplase (recombinant tissue plasminogen activator or rt-PA) remains the only approved treatment (and the quickest way to achieve thrombolyis) for acute ischemic stroke. Even if the most devastating complication of this therapy is symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) in up to 7% of patients, the overall benefits of rt-PA for stroke appear to outweigh the risks. However, as the development of sICH is associated with a worse outcome, clinicians caring for these patients are faced with the difficult decision what kind of treatment is best for them. Moreover, to date, there are no evidence-based guidelines as to the management of thrombolysis-associated sICH, most probably due to the fact that there is little original research on the question. Although the American Heart Association suggests empirical therapies to replace clotting factors and platelets, it also acknowledges the fact that there is a lack of evidence to support any specific therapy. Despite the lack of supporting evidence and the fact that some institutions and/or international organizations have developed care pathways for thrombolysis-associated sICH for current use, the most appropriate management of this complication is not yet clear.Herein we present a case of a male patient with thrombolysis-associated sICH successfully treated by high doses of cryoprecipitate and platelets. The role of replacing clotting factors and platelets in treatment of thrombolysis-associated sICH is also discussed. Keywords: thrombolysis, intracranial hemorrhage, treatment, stroke Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-52 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312391 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/391 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:50-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Karidia TRAORE Author-Name: Claude kouadio KOUASSI Author-Name: Hervé Roland KOUASSI Author-Name: Dodiomon SORO Title: Comparative Study of the Weed Flora in Sugar Cane (Sacharum Officinarum L.) Culvitation in the Area of the Sugar Refinery Complex of Ferkesedougou Abstract: This study was carried out in the sugar-producing plants of Ferkessédougou, a city located north of the Ivory Coast, 580 km away from Abidjan, in the sub-Sudanese area. In the course of this work, a floristic inventory has been performed according to a stratified sampling method. The surveys which, in each plot, consisted in noting the presence of the species therein, irrespective of the number of individuals during a cycle of the 2011 crop year, helped us to identify 129 weed species. Such species belonging to 83 genera can be broken down into 30 families. The varied floristic diversity indexes so identified show that there is a great diversity within this flora. The similarity factor between the weed flora under this study and that of Boraud (2000), higher than 50 percent confirmed the homogeneity of both floras. Common species that are 72 in number constitute the core group of plant species of weeds as regards sugar cane cultivation. Keywords: Weed, sugar cane, floristic diversity index, similarity factor, Ferkessédougou Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-60 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312392 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/392 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140132.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:53-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanhong Liu Author-Name: Ei Sandi Sett Title: Assessment of the Existing Tourism-Park-Community Relationships: A Case Study in the Inle Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar Abstract: Ecotourism is increasingly recognized as a community development tool with significant economic contribution. The ecotourism industry is experiencing increasing popularity as the demand grows for tourism that is environmentally sensitive, informative, and beneficial for local communities. Generally, Myanmar, as in other developing countries, has been promoting its 15 protected areas as ecotourism sites, and there have been only few studies about ecotourism and community development. In this research, Inle Lake Wildlife Sanctuary (ILWS) was selected as a case study in order to assess the current status of ecotourism, also to evaluate the existing tourism-park-community relationships and impacts at this site where it is being promoted as a regional development strategy. Through an evaluation of the existing tourism-park-community relationships, opportunities and constraints are identified. Ecotourism development was found to be at an early stage in the study area, despite only other types of tourism such as nature-based tourism and cultural tourism have developed as a main stream for many years. Tourism activity has not contributed revenues towards conservation to date and as a result tourism has yet to raise funds for management or conservation activities. Socioeconomic benefits for the local community have been limited. Controversial activities will come in the form of increased employment opportunities from the development of ecotourism. This is especially important because many of the threats arising from the need of the local community to use natural resources for their livelihoods. Further recommendations are offered for the policy planners both of the government and the administrative bodies, as well as for the local communities of the Inle Lake. These are followed by the additional suggestions for further studies. Keywords: Ecotourism, Tourism, Protected Areas, Park, Community Development, Inle Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, ILWS, Conservation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-37 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401394 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/394 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:24-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Robert Grosseteste and the Colours Abstract: Here we discuss the De Colore, one of the short scientific treatises written by Robert Grosseteste in the mid-1220s. In this treatise, Grosseteste continues the discussion on light and colours he started in the De Iride. The medieval scientist describes two manners of counting colours: one gives an infinity of tones, the other counts seven essential colours. In both cases, colours are created by the purity or impurity of the transparent medium when light is passing through it. This was the medieval explanation of colours that survived until Newton’s experiments with prisms. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312396 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.396 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/396 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140101.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: De Calore Solis, a Treatise on Heat by Robert Grosseteste Abstract: In this paper we are translating and discussing one of the scientific treatises written by Robert Grosseteste, the De Calore Solis, On the Heat of the Sun. In this treatise, the medieval philosopher analyses the nature of heat. Keywords: History of Science, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-31 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312397 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.397 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/397 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:27-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Massimo Conese Author-Name: Miriam Margherita Cortese-Krott Author-Name: Elena Copreni Author-Name: Stefano Castellani Author-Name: Sante Di Gioia Title: Role of Macrophages in Internalization and Early Clearance of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa from the Mouse Lung Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the internalisation and early clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lung. AMs were depleted by intranasal administration of liposome-encapsulated clodronate disodium. At 24 h following the instillation of liposomes, a sublethal dose of P. aeruginosa (1 X 104 cfu) was inoculated intratracheally. Lung tissue was then evaluated for survival, viable bacteria and for histopathology 4 and 24 h post-infection. AM depletion of 90% did not affect the survival rate of infected mice but the clearance of P. aeruginosa was reduced at 24 h (P<0.05). While at 4 h AM-depleted and control mice showed similar level of PMN recruitment in the distal lung, 24 h post-infection tickening of interstitial spaces was more marked in AM-depleted mice. To evaluate the integrity of the epithelial barrier, the presence of bacteria in the spleen was assessed at 4 and 24 h. AM-depleted mice presented equal numbers of colonies as compared to control mice. At 4 h post-infection, the total and internalized numbers of bacteria were not different from the control group following a high-dose bacterial challenge (1 X 107 cfu). Our study show that AMs do not influence bacterial internalisation by airway epithelial cells. Keywords: acute respiratory infection, airway epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-69 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312398 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/398 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140134.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:64-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar Title: Hydrocarbon, Sulphur and Carbon Dioxide Contents for Natural Gas Processing Plant Abstract: Four gas samples (two from outlet and two from inlet) were collected at two periods from Meleiha compressor in Egyptian Agiba Petroleum Company and analyzed for composition analysis by gas chromatography (GC) connected with thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. The sulphur content in gas samples was analyzed using GC connected with a selective amperometric sulphur detector, the hydrogen sulphide was analyzed on site using sulphur meter. It has been found that methane followed by ethane and propane represent the highest percentage of the all gas composition. Also, It is observed that the weight percent of hydrogen sulphide in inlet separator is higher than that in outlet separator. Keywords: gas samples, Petroleum Company, gas chromatography, thermal conductivity, flame ionization detector, sulphur detector Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 38-42 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401399 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/399 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:38-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AMAYA Adama Author-Name: Abdellah ALGOUTI Author-Name: Ahmed ALGOUTI Title: The Use of Remote Sensing and GIS to Identify Water Erosion Risks Areas in the Moroccan High Atlas. The Case Study of the N’fis Wadi Watershed Abstract: The N’fis wadi is a part of hydraulic Tensift watershed. It starts in the axial zone of the Marrakech High Atlas. The water erosion in the N'fis watershed promotes dams collectors siltation, which is a major water supply problem in this area. The present work is to develop a water erosion risk map of the N’fis Wadi watershed; in the aim to enable decision makers, implementing a management strategy of the watershed, in order to fight against siltation. In this context a methodological approach is adopted to achieve our objective. This approach is based on the creation of several thematic maps (hypsometric, slope, friability, fracturing, and vegetation cover) with digital processing of the satellite Landsat data, SRTM data, topographic maps and geological map of the study area. The superposition of these maps allowed the identification of the active water erosion areas, across the watershed. This card is validated by field surveys. Keywords: N’fis watershed, siltation, water risk, remote sensing, GIS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-51 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401400 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/400 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:43-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: StanisÅ‚aw Ostrowski Author-Name: Sylwia Ostrysz Author-Name: Agnieszka Mikus Title: Porphyrin Complexes with Highly Electronegative Metals - A New Chapter in Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen? Abstract: The attempts of direct substitution of hydrogen in porphyrin macrocyclic systems, with carbanions of weak nucleophilicity, are described. Porphyrins, when converted into the corresponding metal chelates, were reacted with the above mentioned carbanions, and the coordinated central metal atom (e.g., AuIII, SnIV), which reveals considerable electronegativity, played a role of activating group. It could be easily removed from the system after reaction. A number of attempts to substitute hydrogen by carbon nucleophiles led to various products (addition of nucleophile to porphyrin ring, ligands substitution at metal center, etc.). These investigations were successfully finalized for meso-tetraphenylporphyrin–dichlorotin(IV) complex. Further development of this idea may open a new chapter in the functionalization of porphyrins. Keywords: Porphyrins, Gold and tin complexes, Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen, Carbanions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 99-106 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401401 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.401 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/401 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:99-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charan Reddy KV Author-Name: Jagdish Bedekar Author-Name: Amrit Kejriwal Title: Complete Heart Block in β-Thalassemia Minor with Pregnancy: A Case Report Abstract: This is a case report of a 22-year-old Indian woman with 37 week gestation (primi-gravidae), a known case of congenital β-thalassemia trait came for routine check-up without any complaints. She has a fixed bradycardia (heart rate 45 beats/minute-BPM) and her electrocardiogram showed complete heart block (CHB). The relation between β-Thalassemia trait and third degree heart block is not reported in the medical literature. The correct diagnosis of the patient was based on appropriate clinical observations, ECG findings and deliberation of the differential diagnosis. Keywords: β-Thalassemia Trait, Complete Heart Block and Pregnancy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-13 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401402 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/402 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:12-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: TAMURA M. S. Title: Postharvest Quality of Shattered Grapes Coated with Chitosan and Stored under Refrigeration Abstract: The main problems of postharvest preservation of fine table grapes are the rotting, the dehydration of the stalk, the browning and shattering of the berries, causing losses and impairing the quality of the products. Aiming to improve the use of shattered grape berries, and consequently the producer’s income, the present study evaluated the postharvest quality of fine table grapes of different varieties of Vitis vinifera L., shattered berries, coated with different concentrations of chitosan and stored for 56 days under refrigeration. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement consisting of three factors: cultivars (Italy and Rubi), chitosan concentrations (control, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) and conservation periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 days), with four replications. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out every seven days. The physical analysis considered the weight loss, color, rot incidence and appearance of the fruit. Chemical analyses evaluated the levels of soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), ratio (SS/TA) vitamin C and pH. The coating with chitosan has increased the shelf life by up to 14 days for both cultivars, with the best results observed with grapes treated with 1.5% chitosan for cv. Rubi, and chitosan at 1.0 and 1.5% for cv. Italy. Keywords: Vitis vinifera L, chitosan, storage, refrigeration, postharvest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-60 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401405 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/405 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:52-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hiroshi Komada Author-Name: Sahoko Kihira Author-Name: Jun Uematsu Author-Name: Yuko Ishiyama Author-Name: Misaki Chindoh Author-Name: Aya Baba Author-Name: Rina Kazuta Author-Name: Tomomi Hasegawa Author-Name: Keiko Fujmoto Author-Name: Aya Funauchi Author-Name: Hidetaka Yamamoto Author-Name: Mitsuo Kawano Author-Name: Masato Tsurudome Author-Name: Myles O’Brien Title: Calcium Ionophore A23187 Inhibits Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Growth and Monoclonal Antibody against CD98 Heavy Chain Recovers the Inhibition Abstract: Calcium ionophore A23187 (A23187) inhibited human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) replication in LLCMK2 cells and the inhibition was almost completely recovered by monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CD98 heavy chain (CD98HC). A23187 considerably reduced the number of viruses released from the cells. Virus nucleoprotein (NP), fusion (F) and hemaggulutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene syntheses were not inhibited. However, a direct immunofluorescence study showed that A23187 largely inhibited virus NP, F and HN protein syntheses. Using a recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing hPIV-2 without matrix (M) protein (rghPIV-2M), it was found that virus entry into the cells was not inhibited, and that cell-to-cell spreading of virus was not blocked by A23187 either. The effects of A23187 on both actin microfilaments and microtubules were observed, and it was found to cause disruption of both of them. The effect of CD98HC mAb on the inhibition induced by A23187 was analyzed. CD98HC mAb recovered the inhibition by A23187. Virus production was considerably recovered. Virus protein was synthesized by the addition of CD98HC mAb. Almost normal actin microfilaments and microtubules were observed in the presence of CD98HC mAb. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of A23187 was mainly caused by the inhibition of virus protein synthesis and disruption of cytoskeleton. The precise mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of A23187 and recovery from A23187-induced inhibition by CD98HC mAb are unclear, but the modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration may be important for viral protein synthesis and for the preservation of cytoskeleton. Keywords: human parainfluenza virus type 2, calcium ionophore A23187, CD98HC monoclonal antibody, a recombinant green fluorescence protein expressing hPIV-2 without matrix protein Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-20 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401406 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/406 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:14-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aceng Ruyani Author-Name: Agus Sundaryono Author-Name: Zico Fakhrur Rozi Author-Name: Dian Samitra Author-Name: Efri Gresinta Title: Potential Assessment of Leaf Ethanolic Extract Honje (Etlingera Hemisphaerica) in Regulating Glucose and Triglycerides on Mice (Mus Musculus) Abstract: This study was aimed to assess potential of leaf ethanolic extract Etlingera hemisphaerica in regulating glucose and triglyseride on mice (Mus musculus). METHODS: Two extract assesments were composed of five group (1 control, 3 dosages of extract, and 1 comparator drug), and each group were replicated by 5 of M. musculus. Pathological conditions were performed by giving 10 % sugar in drink for hyperglycemia, and a high fat diet for hypertriglyceride during 10 days. There were three dosages of the extract (0.13, 0.26, and 0.39) mg/g body weight (bw), and two comparator drugs (glibenclamid 0.52 mg/g bw as anti diabetic and simvastatin 0.052 mg/kg bw as anti hypertriglyceride). Both dosage extract and comparator drug were administrated by gavage on day 11, while the control group received only sesame oil solvent in the same manner. Blood samples were obtained from the tail to determine glucose and triglyceride levels before and after treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with 0.39 mg/gbw extracts decreased glucose from baseline (117.8 mg/dL) to the end (75.20 mg/dL) on day 13 as much as 36.16 % while glibenclamid decreased 38.00%. Triglyceride test revealed that 0.39 mg/gbw extract decreased from baseline (127.4 mg/dL) to the end (100.4 mg/dL) on day 13 as much as 21.19% which was equivalent to 21.20% caused by simvastatin. CONCLUSION: Leave ethanolic extract of E. hemisphaerica (0.39 mg/g bw) potentially decrease blood glucose (36.2 %) and triglyceride (21.19%) in M. musculus. Keywords: E.hemispaerica, ethanolic extract, M. musculus, glucose, triglyceride Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-76 Volume: 3 Issue: 01 Year: 2014 Month: January Number: V2201312408 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/408 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:1:p:70-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul-Rahaman Haadi Author-Name: Tuahiru Maahi Title: Analysis of Repeated Measures of Weight of Children under Five Years, A Comperative Analysis between Male and Female Children (CASE STUDY: Tamale Metropolis) Abstract: This paper seeks to describe the use of several methods to analyze repeated measure using data collected on weight of children under five years of age at the weighing centers in Tamale metropolis in the northern region. The question of interest is to find out if there is a change in mean weight gain by children under five year over time and if the factors (age, feeding type, feeding practice gender etc) influence those changes. The data was collected from 210 children put into three groups of ages 0-6 months, 7-12 months and 13-18 months on monthly bases for a total of 1260 observations. Three feeding types: exclusive breast feeding, breast feeding with introduction of plumpy nut food supplement and completely complementary feeding. Univariate ANOVA and multivariate MANOVA techniques were use to analyzed the data. Both random effect and fixed effect models shown to be better for the data. Age, feeding type and feeding practices were the factors that did not support the null hypothesis and therefore influencing the children weight gain with the p-values of <0.001 at 5% level in all the three cases. Keywords: Repeated measures, longitudinal data, feeding types, Anova, Manova Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404410 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/410 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140501.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Carla Deisiane de Oliveira Costa Author-Name: Antônio de Pádua Sousa Author-Name: Marlene Cristina Alves Title: Aggregate Stability in Two Soils Under Different Uses and Managements Abstract: This study was carried out in Jardim Novo Horizonte sub-basin river, in Ilha Solteira municipality, northwest São Paulo state, Brazil, a region with environmental issues such as soil erosion and river silting. The aim of the research was to assess the aggregates stability in the soils of the sub-basin river in order to verify the susceptibility to erosion. Soils in the sub-basin river are classified as Oxisol and Alfisol, both with medium texture. The analysis was carried out in samples from ten locations, six located in the Oxisol and four in the Alfisol and in each location five replications were made consisting of the following uses: one with mango cropping, four with pasture and one with an annual crop in the Oxisol and two with pasture, one with annual crop and one with forest fragment in the Alfisol. The different uses and managements influenced aggregate stability only in the Oxisol. The areas cropped with pasture presented the highest percentages of the largest aggregate classes in the two soils studied. The opposite effect was observed in the areas under annual crops, with greater percentages of the small aggregate classes. The greatest mean weighted diameter values were found for the pasture and the smallest for the annual crops, regardless of the soil. The areas cultivated with annual crops had a higher susceptibility to erosion. Keywords: soil use and occupation, soil aggregate, susceptibility to erosion, mean weighted diameter, soil structure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 61-68 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401411 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/411 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:61-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Some Notes on Ancient Concrete Abstract: Concrete is a material composed of coarse granular particles embedded in a binder that glues the particles together. It is commonly believed that the ancient Romans were the first to create and use such material, but this is not true, as we can easily learn from the Latin literature itself. Without any doubt, Romans were able to prepare high-quality hydraulic cement, comparable with the modern Portland cement. In this paper we present some notes on the ancient concrete. From Rome, we will go back in time, showing how the Greeks used it in their Mycenaean royal palaces. The paper continues talking about an Egyptian concrete and ends discussing the use of concrete during Neolithic times. Keywords: Materials Science, History of Science, History of Technology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401412 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.412 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/412 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: Experiments on Radioactivity in a Student Laboratory Abstract: This paper shows how to run some experiments on radioactivity in a student laboratory, aiming to investigate the Poisson distribution of decays and the use of chi-squared test. Avoiding specific problems of safety control, which is necessary when radioactive sources are used, we are proposing measurements of the natural background and emission of potassium chloride. The detector is a Geiger-Müller tube. In the case the budget for laboratory and its equipment is limited, the use of a virtual alternative is proposed. Some virtual experiments are discussed too. Keywords: Laboratory, Physics Class, Radioactivity, Poisson Distribution Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-11 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401413 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.413 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/413 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:7-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: Graph Visualization Software for Networks of Characters in Plays Abstract: The Stanford Literary Laboratory has recently proposed the study of literature in the framework of network theories. The analysis is based on the fact that plots of plays or novels can be displayed as networks of interacting characters. Following this approach, we apply the Graph Visualization Software to two Shakespeare’s plays to show how it can help in highlighting some features of their plots and display their timelines. Keywords: Literary experiments, Networks, Graph Visualization Software Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 69-79 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401414 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.414 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/414 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140217.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:69-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Laura Paulino Mardigan Author-Name: Angela Kwiatkowski Author-Name: Juliana Cristina Castro Title: Application of Biofilms on Fruits of Avocado (Persea Americana Miller) in Postharvest Abstract: Avocado (Persea americana Miller) is one of the fruit trees that have been gaining interest among producers and consumers. There is a wide variety of avocados, among which we can cite: ‘Prince’, ‘Hass’, ‘Ouro Verde’, ‘Fuerte’, ‘Choquette’, ‘Manteiga’, ‘Breda’ and ‘Margarida’. Avocado is a very energetic fruit, rich in vitamins A, B, C and E and phenolic compounds, therefore, being provided with high antioxidant activity. Since it is a climacteric fruit, its shelf-life is short, thus, there is a high production loss in postharvest. In order to decrease this loss, some alternative techniques are used, such as, wax, irradiation, biofilms and refrigeration. In this work, we evaluated characteristics of fruits of cultivars ‘Breda’, ‘Choquette’ and ‘Ouro Verde’, covered with Chitosan 2% and manioc starch 2%, stored under refrigeration at 13ºC (± 1ºC, RH 80%). The fruits were submitted to analysis of color, pH, total titratable acidity, soluble solids, antioxidant activity, determination of lipids and phenolic compounds. From the results, we could observe that the use of biofilms was efficient for all cultivars, being that the best response for manioc starch 2% was cultivar ‘Ouro Verde’ and for Chitosan 2%, were cultivars ‘Breda’ and ‘Choquette’. Under these conditions, the fruits maintained their quality for a period of 15 days. Keywords: Avocado cultivars, Storage, Coverings, Conservation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-45 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402415 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/415 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140333.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:35-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Bruno Roy-Henry Title: Comparison between the Y-chromosome STR profiles of Hughes de Bourbon and other members of the House of Bourbon Abstract: We have obtained a high resolution Y-chromosome STR profile of Hughes de Bourbon, the French living male descendant of the Naundorff ’s family. This STR profile was compared to those of three members of the House of Bourbon recently published (Larmuseau et al, Eur J Hum Genet 2013 ; oct.9). In our own system of comparison based on 27 STRs, the Hughes de Bourbon profile is very similar to those of the other de Bourbon published, differing from them by six mutations only. Hughes de Bourbon had also the same STR of sub-terminal differentiation (S21), and belongs to the Y-subhaplogroup R1b1a2a1a1. These datas are sufficient to include Hughes de Bourbon as a member of the House of Bourbon. Keywords: Y-chromosome haplotype, members of the de Bourbon family, single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, short tandem repeats, STRs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 92-98 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401416 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/416 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:92-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Some Notes on the Gresham's Law of Money Circulation Abstract: The Gresham's Law is among the most known laws of economic science. In its popular version, the law is telling that when a government overvalues one type of money and undervalues another, the undervalued money disappears while the overvalued money floods into circulation. Named after Thomas Gresham, a financier of Tudor dynasty, this law was stated by Nicole Oresme and Nicolaus Copernicus. Here we discuss it and follow its long history. Keywords: Money Circulation, Commodities, Legal Tenders Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-91 Volume: 3 Issue: 02 Year: 2014 Month: February Number: V3201401417 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.417 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/417 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140220.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:2:p:80-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayhan Goktepe Author-Name: Engin KOCAMAN Title: Assessments on the Status and Future of Map and Cadaster Education in Vocational Schools Abstract: As in various countries around the world, technology has been developing in our country and the need for trained and qualified technical staff has been growing in parallel to this development. Maps constitute the groundwork of the planning and project designs conducted in the fields of engineering related to infrastructure. Cadastral mapping technicians play an important role in all the studies conducted in order to obtain these maps. For this reason, it is necessary for cadastral mapping technicians to renew themselves in parallel to these developments. Today, the tools used in the mapping sector are being renewed in parallel with the rapidly changing technological developments and software and hardware are also updated in accordance with this renewal. For this reason, it is necessary to review the mapping education given at vocational schools by taking the current conditions and developments into consideration. Keywords: Map and cadaster, education , land registry cadaster, cadastral mapping technician Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402425 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/425 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Gomathi Author-Name: S. Shiyamala Author-Name: S. Vasantha Author-Name: A. Suganya Title: Optimization of Temperature Conditions for Screening Thermotolerance in Sugarcane through Temperature Induction Response (TIR) Technique Abstract: An experiment was conducted with the objective of standardizing temperature conditions for screening thermotolerance in sugarcane variety Co 86032 under in vivo and in vitro conditions. Lethal temperature condition for settlings (in vivo) and callus (in vitro) were identified by subjecting the 30 days old settling and callus 7 temperatures condition (39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48 and 49 ºC) with four time durations (5, 10, 15 and 20 hrs). Temperature conditions at 48ºC with 20 h and 48 ºC with 15 h of heat stress treatment were identified as critical temperature condition for settlings and callus respectively. To determine the optimum induction temperature conditions (sub lethal temperature) for settlings, the variety Co 86032 was exposed to gradual increase in temperature from 38, 40, 42 to 44 ºC with two time durations (10 and 15 h), followed by lethal temperature (48 ºC with 10 h). The optimum induction temperature condition for developing thermo tolerance in settlings was worked out to be 40 ºC with 10 h stress treatment. Similarly, the optimum induction temperature condition for calli for develop thermo tolerance was worked out as 42ºC with 10 h. Adaptive response of Co 86032 by heat acclimation was investigated under in-vivo and in-vitro conditions through temperature induction response technique. It was found that induced settlings and calli for thermotolerance recorded higher soluble protein, proline, glycine betaine, total phenols, POX activity and SOD activity than non-induced. Keywords: Sugarcane, temperature induction response (TIR) technique, in vivo, in vitro, thermotolerance, ROS scavenging enzymes, osmolytes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-18 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402432 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/432 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:5-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amao Emmanuel Ayodele Author-Name: Jimoh Rasaq Adeola Author-Name: Adeoti Temitope Mayowa Title: Reproductive Performance of Rabbit Does Fed Graded Levels of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Meal Based Diet Abstract: In a fourteen-week trial, twenty rabbit does and five bucks of mixed breed (for mating) weighing between 1874.50 and 1891.00 were allotted to four experimental diets in a completely randomized design to evaluate the reproductive performance of rabbitsdoes fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a replacement for soyabean meal in their diet. Pregnancy was detected by abdominal palpation at 14th and 21st days and nest boxes were provided for expectant does at the 28th day. Measurement were taken on Percent conception, Gestation length, Litter size at birth, Litter weight at birth , Average individual kit weight , Llitter size at weaning , Litter weight at weaning and Average kit weight at weaning . The study showed significant difference (p<0.05) on percentage conception with animals on 10% moringa leaf meal having the lowest value of 80%. Litter weight at birth showed significant difference (p<0.05) in favour of animals placed on moringa leaf meal as the the moringa leaf inclusion increses. Litter size at wening had highest value (p<0.05) for animals on 10% moringa leaf meal. Litter weight at weaning and average kit weight at weaning had highest value for animals on 20% moringa leaf meal. Based on these results inclusion of moringa leaf meal in breeding does diet pose no negative effect on the reproductive performance of the animals. To promote production in rabbit enterprise especially breeding aspect, moringa oleifera leaf meal could favorably replace soyabean meal up to 20%. Keywords: Rabbit does, reproductive performance, moringa oleifera, diet Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-53 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402436 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/436 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:50-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Filomena Califano Author-Name: Gabriele Lamonaca Title: Effect of Commercial Surfactants on Hase Separation of Liquid Mixtures Abstract: In the work presented here, we have investigated whether the presence surfactants has any influence on the linear growth of the single-phase domains. We expected that coalescence could eventually be retarded by increasing the concentration of surfactants in the mixtures. Therefore we determined the thresholds of the surfactant concentration beyond which the separation process starts to slow down significantly. Our results indicate that surfactant presence does not affect the early stage of separation, only when droplets reach their critical size, it slows down the complete separation. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 65-69 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405438 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/438 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:65-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jalal J. Hamad Ameen Title: Reduction of Cell Phone Electromagnetic Radiation Effect on Human Body Abstract: Electromagnetic waves generated by different wireless systems like mobile systems, satellite systems, microwave links…etc. facilitates our communications throughout the world. These waves have many effects on the human body as well as our daily lives. The effects of electromagnetic waves cause many problems and diseases in the human body like cancer. Nowadays, types of the cancer caused by these waves has increased, because mobile users have increased. Because of the importance of human, this paper will address ways for humans to reduce the effects of electromagnetic waves and to reduce cancer. The proposal consists of many recommendations in wireless systems like mobile systems, guiding the users of wireless users specially mobile users how to reduce these waves effects. Furthermore, this research will describe methods to decrease electromagnetic waves and propose alternative techniques instead. Keywords: Electromagnetic radiation, cell phone, effect of cell phone radiation, reduction of cell phone radiation effect Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-23 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402439 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/439 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:19-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim Author-Name: Mohammed Wader Author-Name: Bibi Farouq Title: Revisiting the Maintenance and Abuse of Human Rights in International Politics: A Legalistic Approach As Derived From the United Nations Universal Declaration, Adopted and Proclaimed By the General Assembly Resolutions Abstract: The position of man on earth is one, recognized even by the law of nature, which ensures survival or revolves around the struggle between survival and its irony. Man by nature is free, in modern political systems under the so called democratic principles and values, man is to live under protection of the law and his fundamental virtues respected in the society. The paper tries to look into the issue of human rights in contemporary global politics. With the help of library instrument, the paper finds out that, democratic and non-democratic states maintain such declarations on human rights, especially the one proclaimed by the UN general assembly, but on the other hand, states also abuse such fundamental rights of man. The paper concludes that, such rights are usually abused as a result of ethnicity, religious differences as well as political and economic reasons. The paper recommends absolute practice of the rule of law, strong retribution against aberration of such fundamental rights of man. Keywords: human rights, abuse, universal, declaration, international politics, United Nations Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-38 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404442 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/442 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140507.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:28-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Narges Obeidi Author-Name: Samad AkbarZadeh Author-Name: Ali Reza Mankhian Title: Red Blood Cell (RBC) Phenotyping in Major Thalassemia Patients in Bushehr Abstract: Background: RBC phenotyping is essential to confirm the identity of suspected alloantibodies and to facilitate the identification of antibodies that may be formed in the future. We tested the phenotype detection of A, B, C, c, D, E, e, Lea, Leb, K, Fya, Fyb, Jka, Jkb, M, N, S, s and P1antigens in the peripheral blood samples. Methods: RBC phenotyping in 72 transfused thalassemia patients were evaluated in Fatemeh Zahra Hospital in Bushehr in a cross-sectional study. K2-EDTA-anticoagulated blood samples were obtained for RBC antigen detection. Red cell antigens were detected using standard blood bank methods (saline, albumin and coombs phase). Results: In our study the mean age of were 18.21±7.46 years. There were 37 (51.40%) males and 35 (48.60%) females. We observed the presence of e, FYa, FYb and M antigens in all of patients. c, N, S, Lua and Leb antigens were found in most of patients. s antigen was not positive in any patient. Conclusion: If phenotype matching of the nonalloimmunized patient is done and if donor RBCs are selected to match the phenotype of the patient, then alloimmunization do not developed. Keywords: RBC phenotyping, major thalassemia, Fatemeh Zahra Hospital, Bushehr Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-85 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403449 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/449 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140427.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:83-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S.S. Ochigbo Author-Name: M.A.T. Suleiman Title: Formulation and Characterization of Waterborne Paints from the Blends of Natural Rubber (NR) Latex and Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) Emulsion Abstract: Natural rubber (NR) latex and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion were blended into various compositions as follows: NR/PVAc (0/100; 25/75; 40/60; 50/50; 60/40; 75/25; 100/0). The resulting blends were used as binders in the formulation of waterborne paints which were then characterized for some physical properties such as total solids contents (TSCs), pH, viscosity, opacity, antifungal index, and water-repellency. From the results, the formulation based on binder composition, 25/75 (NR/PVAc) tends to demonstrate unique property profile that is favourable for waterborne paints. The resulting paint is suitable for both interior and exterior wall protection. The presence of natural rubber in the binder composition improves the water resistance and fluidity of the paint while PVAc simultaneously imparts the films’ strength. Keywords: Polyvinyl acetate, Natural rubber, Latex, Waterborne, binders, blends Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-43 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404450 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/450 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140508.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:39-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikail ÖZCAN Author-Name: Mustafa SARIEYYÃœPOÄžLU Title: Identification and Investigation of Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Flavobacterıum Psychrophılum ın Fry Raınbow Trouts (Oncorhynchus Mykıss) in Some Trout Abstract: In this study, it was aimed to identify and investigate phenotypic and genotypic charecteristics of Flavobacterium psychrophilum in four rainbow trout farms in Keban district of Elazığ province. Two different primers were used to confirm 160 Flavobacterium psychrophilum with PCR after determined according to the phenotype and genotype characteristics. Subsequently, these strains were confirmed as Flavobacterium psychrophilum with DNA. Gene typing was performed with PFGE technique on strains confirmed with PCR. As a result of this, it was decided that strains obtained from four different fish farms wasclose relative with reference Flavobacterium psychrophilum NCIMB 1947T. Keywords: Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR, Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis, PFGE Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-34 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402453 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/453 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:24-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. J Goje Author-Name: H. Joshua Author-Name: I. Shuaibu Author-Name: P. E Ghamba Author-Name: S. G Mafulul Title: Effect of the Oral Intake of Some Soft Drinks on the Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile of Albino Rats Abstract: The study was carried out to discover the effects of the oral intake of some soft drinks (Fanta, Sprite, Fayrouz, Coca-cola and Schweppes) on blood glucose level and lipid profile of albino rats. The rats were grouped into 6 each containing 4 rats, and were allowed to fast for 12hrs, their fasting blood glucose was taken to know their pre treatment fasting blood glucose level. Group 1 was administered with normal saline, group 2 was given Fanta, group 3 was given Sprite, group 4 was given Schweppes, group 5 was given Fayrouz and group 6 was given Coca-cola. All the groups were administered with 3ml of the soft drink per 100g body weight twice a day respectively throughout the period of the research. The research lasted for 14 days. On the last day the rats were allowed to fast again for a period of 12hrs after which the fasting blood glucose level was determined; finally, the rats were sacrificed by cervical decapitation and the serum collected for the determination of lipid profile. There was statistical difference (p<0.05) in fasting blood glucose between the pre-treatment and post-treatment values. Group 2 (Fanta fed rats) and Group 6(Coca-cola fed rats) showed high level of glucose (p<0.05) compared to normal control, while the groups administered with Sprite, Schweppes and Fayrouz respectively showed no statistical difference in fasting blood glucose level when compared to the normal control. In the analysis of lipid profile, the group administered with Fanta exhibited high level of total cholesterol, low level of triglyceride and low density lipoprotein and normal level of high density lipoprotein. The group given Coca-cola showed low level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and normal level of low density lipoprotein, while the group given Schweppes showed high level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. The group given Fayrouz showed high level of Cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and low level of Triglyceride and high density lipoprotein. Lastly, the group given Sprite showed no statistical difference in all these parameters when compared to the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that among the various soft drinks used in the present study, it was only Sprite soft drink that appeared not to be implicated as a predisposing factor to any of the diseases considered. Keywords: Soft drinks, Predisposing factor, Diabetes melitus, cardiovascular diseases, Lipid profile, Fasting blood glucose Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-75 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405454 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/454 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140616.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:70-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isabela M. Reck Author-Name: Angela Kwiatkowski Author-Name: Julianna M. Vagula Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Title: Physicochemical Evaluation and Bioactive Compounds in Fruits of Solanum Nigrum L. Abstract: Brazil stands out as a major fruit producer. However, many fruits are not yet produced in large scale due to the lack of knowledge of their cultivation practices. Solanum nigrum L. is a plant that produces small fruits known as Black-Mary. In this work, we evaluated the following characteristics: titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS), TA / SS ratio, pH, vitamin C, crude protein, lipids, ashes (minerals), mineral quantification, reducing and total sugars and staining characterization (parameters a, b, C, G, H), phenolic compounds content evaluation, anthocyanins and their antioxidant activity. The results were satisfactory, especially regarding its antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, which presented the values of 40.09% and 1036.32 mg per 100 g of sample, respectively. We can also highlight its 0.06% lipids content, 81.05% moisture and 2.25% protein content, along with significant amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients. Keywords: Solanum nigrum L., physicochemical, bioactive compounds Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-49 Volume: 3 Issue: 03 Year: 2014 Month: March Number: V3201402455 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/455 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:3:p:46-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thaga K Author-Name: Ajayi Author-Name: Moses Adedapo Author-Name: Mokgathle Lucky Author-Name: Shangodoyin Dahud Kehinde Title: Expectations of Life and Survival Analysis for a Cohort of University Academic Retirees: A Case Study of University of Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract: This is a follow up study of a cohort of academic retirees in retrospective in a well based record assessment. In this study, a preliminary survey was made to determine the mortality and survival profile of retired academic staff retirees of University of Ibadan in Nigeria. From total population of 302 of pensionable 60 to 65 years of age of service and 35 years in service as at year 2012 of retired academic staff retirees surveyed, 109 were randomly selected during the study dates “January 1977 to December 2012”. Simple descriptive frequency count and the Life Table model were identified as the most suitable approach to analyze the demographic characteristics and pattern of mortality; this provides estimates of probabilities of surviving a given number of years after retirement. Since life table is non-parametric procedure for estimating life expectancy at different points and does not produce a measure of precision. We utilised the distribution of the survival and hazard function to give a more elegant and measure precision of life expectancy. The survival probability curves for the males and females respondents indicate that there is no significant difference in the survival probability for the two groups using Mantel-cox test with probability 0.287. There is significant difference between mortality rate of voluntary and compulsory ages of retirees during the period of study of retired academic staff of the university. The survival probability of gender and their duration of service are not significant with probability 0.738, thus one could infer that duration of service before retirement does not have effect on longevity of retired academic staff of the university. The University academic retirees’ median residual life time is 9.07 years. Keywords: Cohort, Retirement, Age, Pension, Expectancy, Mortality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403459 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/459 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Esmaeil Heydari Asl Author-Name: Abdolreza Pazhakh Author-Name: Bahman Gorjian Title: The Measurement of Strategic Competence in Reading Comprehension Among Iranian EFL Learners Abstract: This study considers the question of the measurement of strategic competence in reading comprehension among Iranian EFL learners. It is inspired from Bachman’s (1990) conception of strategic competence as the learners’ store of metacognitive strategies available for use in the completion of reading comprehension test. The further concern was to scrutinize the extent to which strategic competence affected the participants’ test performance. 120 students - both male and female – were selected from Shayestegan high school in Izeh, TEFL students studying at Izeh Islamic Azad University and finally M.A students from Khozestan Science and Research Branch. The population was divided into low, intermediate, and high levels based on their scores in a proficiency test. The subjects took both a reading comprehension test and a metacognitive strategy questionnaire successively in three sessions. The data was run through a One-way ANOVA to compare learners' means together across the three proficiency levels. The findings manifested that the participants at the high level of reading proficiency used metacognitive strategies more frequently than did those at the low and intermediate levels of reading proficiency in the test-taking setting. The findings also revealed a positive linear relationship between metacognitive awareness and the participants’ test performance. The findings revealed the necessity for designing the instructional programs focusing on both linguistic and strategic aspects of language learning in a balanced way to improve reading ability of L2 learners. The findings indicate that the true score of language learners depends on linguistic and strategic aspects of test-taking. Thus, the findings recommend language teachers to interpret test scores with great care to make fair decisions about the actual ability of test takers. In addition, the findings encourage curriculum planners and language teachers to design appropriate instructional materials and adapt effective teaching approaches to improve reading comprehension. Keywords: strategic competence, metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies, proficiency, reading strategies Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-106 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403467 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/467 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:96-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin Xiao Yu Author-Name: Thi Thanh Thao Nguyen Author-Name: Hong Xia Zhang Title: Deposition of Particulate Matter of Different Size Fractions on Leaf Surfaces and in Epicuticular Waxes of Urban Forest Species in Summer and Fall in Beijing, China Abstract: This study compared eight species of urban forest trees and one grass species that are commonly cultivated in Olympic park of Beijing city to capture fine, coarse and larger particles from the air during fall and summer. Separate gravimetric analyses were performed to quantify particulate matter (PM) deposited on surfaces and trapped in epicuticular waxes. Significant differences were found between the tree species tested. In Fall, PM content of all 3 particle sizes on the leaf surface and in epicuticular wax is definitely higher than in summer. The distribution of different particle size fractions differed between and within species and also between leaf surfaces and in epicuticular waxes. Needleleaves showed absorption of PM (all 3 sizes of dust) higher than broadleaves, shrubs and grass clusters, except for S. japonica with small hairy leaves. PM deposition on leaf surfaces and waxed layers depends on many elements: leaf shape, hairyand rough surfaces, deposition time, rain, wind and urban forest system model. Keywords: urban forest, particulate matter, coarse particles, fine particles, epicuticular wax Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-22 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403469 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/469 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140409.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:12-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siriluck Thammanu Author-Name: Zhang Caihong Title: The Growing Stock and Sustainable Utilization of White Bamboo, Bambusa membranacea (Munro) C.M.A. Stapleton &N.H. Xia in the Natural Mixed Deciduous Forest with Teak in Thailand: A Case Study of Huay Mae Hin Community Forest, Ngao District, Lampang Province Abstract: The growing stock and the utilization of white bamboo (Bambusa membranacea C.M.A. Stapleton & N.H.Xia) were studied at Huay Mae Hin Community Forest, locating in the natural Mixed Deciduous Forest with Teak of Mae Nam Ngao Watershed. Results showed that the bamboo growing stocks consisting of 760,760 culms by which 43,696 culms of about 5.74 percent of the total growing stock was harvested. The relationship between the bamboo utilization and the growing stock in the community forest was found significantly correlated. More enrichment planting to restore Mae Nam Ngao Watershed and intensive management of bamboo forests were suggested. Keywords: Bambusa membranacea, Growing stock and utilization of bamboo, Huay Mae Hin Community Forest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-30 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403471 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/471 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:23-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salvatore Novo Author-Name: Bonomo Vito Author-Name: Di Piazza Mariaconcetta Author-Name: Piero Levantino Title: Metabolic Syndrome: From the Pathophysiology to the Treatment. A Comprehensive Review Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V3201403472 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.472 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/472 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V6201708472.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nguyen Trong Minh Title: Assess State Forest and Determine Main Group of Forest Tree Species for Different Purposes in Hoang Su Phi District, Ha Giang Province, Vietnam Abstract: North region in Hoang Su Phi district, a largest forest land area including 5 communes received a great attention of Vietnam’s and local government. In this region, natural forests consist of a number of different forest types in which most of them are young forests and regenerated forests with some main species such as Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., Alnus nepalensis D. Don, Betula alnoides Buch. - Ham., Toona surelii (Blume) Merr. Despite of the fact that these forest areas had a low volume, they still have a great potential to develop much better such as having a good regeneration tree layer, a larger of proportion of target trees and a high percentage of regenerated trees at a good quality level. Moreover, the group of non-timber trees, a rich species diversity group, has 289 species of 4 main life-forms. In study area, the largest plantation area consist of 3 species (Pinus Kesiya, Acacia mangium and Cunminghamia lanceolata) that adapted to site condition and found to have a normal growth. Based on evaluation criteria for afforestation purpose, this study selected 10 species for protection forests and 19 species for plantation production purposes. However, when combined with the results of forest investigation and ecological conditions in research region, the number of selected forest tree species were proposed 15 timber tree species and 8 non-timber species for planting in this area. Keywords: Hoang Su Phi district, natural forest, selected forest tree species, protection forest, production forest Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-39 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403478 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/478 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140414.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:31-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Structures on Glass, Silicon and Indium Tin Oxide Substrates Abstract: In this study, a low-temperature hydrothermal method is used to synthesize crystalline zinc oxide powders with various morphologies on glass, silicon and indium tin oxide substrates. The study found that each respective substrate produced a variation in the morphology of the zinc oxides produced at the reaction temperature of 90 ºC. The crystallinity and particle size of the zinc oxide structures on each substrate type was characterized using both X-ray diffraction and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-69 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403479 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/479 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:63-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassan Rammal Author-Name: Mirella Dammous Author-Name: Hussein Farhan Author-Name: Akram Hijazi Author-Name: Ali Bassal Author-Name: Hussein Fayyad-Kazan Author-Name: Yolla Makhour Author-Name: Bassam Badran Title: Chemical Composition of Lebanese Eryngium Creticum L. Abstract: This work aimed to purify, identify and quantify some of the bioactive compounds in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts from a Lebanese Eryngium creticum L. in addition to evaluate its metal content, particularly trace elements and thus to estimate its antioxidant activity. The phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of different bioactive compounds in both extracts mainly phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids. On the other hand, XRF showed that this plant contains metals such silver, zirconium, nickel, selenium, niobium and molybdenum, iron, calcium, manganese and copper. The results of three in vitro antioxidant methods, DPPH, Ferrozine and H2O2 showed a significant antioxidant activity in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts revealing that E. creticum is a good source of different antioxidant and bioactive compounds. Keywords: Eryngium creticum L., phytochemical screening, trace elements, antioxidant activity, GC-MS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-53 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403480 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/480 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140418.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:40-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khurshid Ahmad Khan Author-Name: Muhammad Shahzad Saleem Author-Name: Kinza Khan Author-Name: Najam-un-Nasir Author-Name: Zohaib A. Khan Title: Vitamin D Deficiency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Abstract: Vitamin D has skeletal as well as non-skeletal effects including those on the endocrine system. Diabetes Mellitus, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, has recently been linked to vitamin D status. It has been suggested that vitamin D deficiency is one of the modifiable risk factors for diabetes. We therefore designed this study to look at the relationship between vitamin D levels and diabetes control in type 2 South Asian diabetics from Pakistan. The objective of the study was to determine if correcting vitamin D deficiency improves diabetes control in type 2 diabetics. This analytical cross-sectional study, with prospective follow-up, included 200 subjects with type 2 diabetes (age range 27-76 years), who were deficient in vitamin D. 100 of these were treated with vitamin D and were assigned to the study group, while the rest did not receive treatment with vitamin D and so were placed in the control group. The subjects had their history taken and underwent clinical examination, after which, fasting blood was analyzed for HbA1C (using high performance liquid chromatography) and vitamin D levels (by the chemiluminescence technique) at baseline. Then the subjects in the study group only, were given vitamin D treatment for three months, after which, HbA1C and vitamin D levels were rechecked in both groups. In the study group, compared to baseline, the vitamin D levels at 3 months (following vitamin D supplementation) had significantly increased (p < 0.001) accompanied by significant decrease in HbA1C values (P < 0.001). In the control group, at three months, there was no significant change (p = 0.219) in vitamin D levels, but there was significant increase in HbA1C levels (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. These results indicate that correcting vitamin D deficiency improves diabetes control in type 2 diabetics. Larger prospective studies are required in the SouthAsian population to corroborate our findings. Keywords: Vitamin D, Diabetes mellitus, SouthAsians, Obesity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-74 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403481 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/481 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140419.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:70-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felicidad Galang Pereña Title: A Phenomenological Study of Teacher Emotions as an Essential Construct of a Liberal Arts College’s Signature Pedagogy using Sense-Making Methodology Abstract: This research aims to explore the emotional geographies of teachers’ relations with colleagues in a liberal arts college, with the premise provided by Hargreaves of the International Center for Educational Change, that teaching together is better than teaching apart. It seeks to establish the status of the emotional aspect of teaching, in particular, what Hargreaves pinpointed as “the teachers’ relations with other adults that seem to generate the most heightened expressions of emotionality among them,” It will take issue with what he identified as the “absence of systematic efforts to understand and explain what patterns and components of teachers’ relationships with colleagues create positive or negative emotions among them.” The study made use of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with Doodling exercise and Sense-Making Methodology (SMM), an approach developed by Brenda Dervin as a platform to conduct audience research by interviewing methodologically, to replace the noun-based frameworks that dominate research, practice and design with verb-based frameworks) with the hope that reflections yielded will gauge the emotional dimention of faculty life and shed light on the issue of collegiality in the institution under study. Keywords: emotional geography, focus group discussion, doodling, Sense-Making Methodology (SMM),collegiality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-53 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405482 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/482 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140611.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:40-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar Title: Compressibility Factor and Formation Volume Factor of Liberated Natural Gas at Different Pressures by GC Abstract: The physical properties, compressibility factor (Z) and formation volume factor (FVF) and specific gravity of liberated natural gases from the studied western desert reservoir at different pressures and at ambient temperature were studied by gas chromatography GC. The gas compressibility factor and specific gravity are highly decrease with the increase of pressure from 0 to 2500 but above this pressure there is an increase with increase of gas specific gravity due to the increase of the heavier gases in the sample. It is required in connection with gas compression for the design of compressors and pressure vessels. F.V.F. of gas highly decreases with the increase of natural gas pressure till reaching a pressure of 2000 psi and showing slightly decrease up to 3500 psi this relation is very important for the observed volumes of gas production at the surface to that corresponding underground withdrawal. Keywords: Physical properties, liberated natural gas, pressures, gas chromatography Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-47 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404483 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/483 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140502.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:44-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Solar Orientation of the Gothic Cathedrals of France Abstract: The orientation of the Gothic cathedrals of France can be easily discussed and investigated using the satellite maps. Except a few of them, these buildings have the apse facing the rising sun, according to a practice adopted during the medieval period. Keywords: Sunrise amplitude, Solar azimuth, Archaeoastronomy, Gothic cathedrals Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-11 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403484 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.484 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/484 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140404.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:6-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ThankGod Peter Ojimba Title: Measuring Poverty with Demographic Variables in Oil and Gas Polluted Crop Farms in Rivers State, Nigeria Abstract: This study focused on measuring poverty with demographic variables in crude oil and gas polluted crop farms in Rivers State Nigeria. A total of 296 questionnaires were used for analysis. The results showed that extent of poverty (P0) on age of household heads was highest in crude oil polluted crop farms (64.20%) as compared to 53% in non-polluted and 57.80% in all crop farms surveyed. The P0 ratio on gender of household heads indicated that more male headed households were poor (72.20%) in the crude oil polluted crop farms as against 55.30% in non-polluted and 55.80% in all crop farms surveyed. The P0 measure on marital status of household heads in crude oil polluted crop farms was higher (69.10%) as compared to 49.8% in non-polluted and 59.60% in all crop farms surveyed. In conclusion, there was higher level of poverty experienced among crop farmers in crude oil and gas polluted areas in Rivers State, Nigeria. Keywords: Household heads poverty, headcount, poverty gap, poverty severity, FGT, demographic variables, crude oil and gas polluted crop farms, Rivers State Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-79 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404485 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/485 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140513.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:66-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Robert Grosseteste's Thought on Light and Form of the World Abstract: Robert Grosseteste was one of the most prominent thinkers of the Thirteenth Century. Philosopher and scientist, he proposed a metaphysics based on the propagation of light. In this framework, he gave a cosmology too. Here we will discuss the treatise where Grosseteste proposed it, that entitled "De luce, seu de incohatione formarum", "On Light and the Beginning of Forms". Keywords: Robert Grosseteste, Medieval Cosmology, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-62 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403486 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.486 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/486 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:54-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Digambar Singh Dahal Title: Status and Trends in Forests and Forestry Development in Nepal: Major Success and Constraints Abstract: Forestry is an extensive land use system in Nepal. Forest management has historically dealt primarily with the silviculture and biological management of forest. Forest is a renewable natural resource, which provides a wide range of environmental, socio-economic and cultural benefits and services. To obtain these benefits and services in perpetuity, an effective management strategy integrating both natural and social part of the forest dependent communities is one of the crucial prerequisites. The major issues lie on interaction between social and natural components and their adaptive mechanism. Management of forestland on a commercial scale has never been a successful story although it was started more than 40 years in Nepal. The first National Forest Inventory (NFI) was carried out with the sole intention of commercial harvesting of the forests so that financial returns could be made possible. Realizing that no significant efforts were made towards the introduction of silvicultural practices to improve the status and condition of forests, the Master Plan for the Forestry Sector, 1989 felt the need for scientific forest management in the Terai. On this basis, the new Forest Act 1993 and Forest Regulations 1995 were introduced and emphasized scientific forest management for government. Keywords: Policy, Forest management, Forest act, History, Community Forestry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-65 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404487 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/487 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140512.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:51-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amalia Conte Author-Name: Roberto Rana Author-Name: Caterina Tricase Author-Name: Lucia Padalino Author-Name: Marcella Mastromatteo Author-Name: Matteo Alessandro Del Nobile Title: Milling Process of Cereal Grains and Quality of Flours Abstract: Recently, the great attention to high fibre diet increases the importance of a proper selection of raw materials to be used for producing cereal-based products. In this context, wheat bran turns out to be an interesting ingredient, due to its high fibre contents. Wheat bran can exert many physiological benefits, representing also a good substrate for useful lactic bacteria. The modern milling process based on the use of rollers is a rapid system that allows a gradual reduction of the endosperm to desired particle sizes, but bran and germ are separated. On the contrary, the most ancient milling process uses two stones to grind wheat kernels producing flour rich in vitamins, minerals, fibres and antioxidants. The modern roller milling process replaced the stone mill because is able to work larger amounts of seeds, but the resulting flours are deprived of nutritional compounds, compromised by the high temperature generally reached with the rollers. Technological options have to be adopted when whole wheat or bran enriched flours are used to produce cereal-based products because bran and germ particles generally produce a less homogeneous mixture which can physically interfere with a proper structure development. In the current work an overview of stone mills available at national levels will be presented. A mass balance of raw materials used during milling with stones, compared to process with modern rollers will be also provided. The process variables to be used during food production with enriched flours are also discussed. Keywords: stone milling, roller milling, cereal chain, flour quality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 75-82 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403490 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/490 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:75-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. G. Olumayede Title: Sources Identification and Apportionment of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) using PCA/APCS Receptor Model in an Urban Settlement of Benin City Southern, Nigeria Abstract: Ambient air Volatile Organic Compounds in Benin City was evaluated for their concentrations using active sampling methods, with the objective of determine the mass contributions of the different sources. Air samples were collected at a human breathing height of 1.5 meters and from nine locations comprising industrial, residential and commercial areas with heavy traffic on a four hourly basis using active sampler at flow rate of 0.51min-1. The sampling periods cover both dry and wet seasons. Collected samples were desorbed and analyzed for volatile organic compounds using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The concentrations of analytes were read from the calibration graph, which was done with standard solution prepared externally. The data of ambient VOCs analysis were subjected to statistical analysis; correlation analysis, factor analysis, principal component analysis/absolute principal component scores (PCA/APCS) model. The average concentrations of the ambient Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the studied city exhibit higher concentrations in dry season months. The results obtained reveal negative or weak correlation coefficients for most Volatile Organic Compounds species, an indication of importance of other VOCs sources in addition to exhaust emission. The results from the PCA/APCS receptor modelling showed that during the dry season, the highest contribution of 53% comes from vehicular emission in the studied area. Meanwhile, evaporative emission contributes the highest during the wet season with 35% for the same locations. High correlation coefficient (R2 >0.8) between the measured and predicted values suggested that PCA/APCS model is suitable for estimation of sources of VOCs in ambient air. Keywords: Source Identification, Apportionment, Volatile Organic Compounds, Ambient air Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 86-95 Volume: 3 Issue: 04 Year: 2014 Month: April Number: V3201403491 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/491 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140428.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:4:p:86-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Perumal Balakrishnan Author-Name: Jassim A. Al-Khayat Title: Avicennia Marina around Qatar: Tree, Seedling and Pneumatophore Densities in Natural and Planted Mangroves using Remote Sensing Abstract: Based on satellite images from all study sites along the east coast of Qatar, natural mangroves cover an area of 797.6 ha while planted stands cover 182.9 ha. On the west coast planted mangroves cover a small area of about 1 ha only, probably due to high salinity of seawater and contaminated sediments. The density of Avicennia marina trees in natural mangroves, at the upper tidal level is about 2800/ha, and slightly higher at the middle mangroves (about 3050/ha). In general after several replanting works over the past 23 years, planted mangroves also showed robust stands, with tree density ranging from 1,100/ha to 2,100/ha. However on the west coast tree density of planted mangroves is very low at 200/ha and restricted only to the middle tidal zone. In natural mangroves tree height ranges from 1 to 6m while in planted stands, from 1 to 3m only. On the west coast, the mangroves are stunted, with maximum tree height of 1m, probably due to high seawater salinity especially in summer where it can reach 59.1. Seedling density is also high (ranging from about 933/ha to 1,466/ha) in natural and planted mangroves on the east coast, but absent in planted stand on the west coast. On the east coast natural mangroves produced abundant pneumatophores, with density ranging from 86/ m2 to 516/ m2 while in planted mangroves the density is lower, and ranges from 88/m2 to 308/ m2. Planted mangroves performed poorly on the west coast with low pneumatophore density (30/m2). In general pneumatophore density is higher in the middle mangroves than in the upper mangroves to facilitate efficient gaseous exchange during low tide. Keywords: Avicennia marina, Qatar, tree, seedling, pneumatophore, density, remote sensing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404492 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/492 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140504.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Creation of the World in the Sefer Yetzirah Abstract: The Sefer Yetzirah is the "Book of Creation", one of the earliest extant texts about the creation of the world of the Jewish tradition, a book that some scholars are supposing of an early Medieval origin. The Sefer tells the origin of the world as it was revealed to Abraham, in a cosmogony based on numbers and letters of the alphabet, through their combinations and permutations. The reading of this book can be interesting for a comparison to the thoughts of some medieval philosophers, Al-Farabi, Ibn Gabirol, Robert Grosseteste and others, about the primordial point and its spatial extensions. Keywords: Cosmogony, Ancient cosmology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-17 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404498 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.498 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/498 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:11-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brahima Kone Author-Name: Bouadou Oi Bouadou Félix Author-Name: Kouadio Konan-Kan Hippolyte Author-Name: Yao Kouakou Author-Name: Akassimadou Edja Author-Name: Yao-Kouame Albert Title: Yield and Extractable Sugar as Affected by Foam and Inorganic Fertilizer in Intensive Cultivation of Sugare Cane (Saccharum Officinarum L. (Linnaeus)) in a Forest-Savanna Ecosystem Abstract: For sustaining yield and extractable sugar production of sugarcane in Cote d’Ivoire in intensive cultivation, it is required an alternative organic source of nutrients vs. chemical fertilizer. Comparative trial was conducted at Zuenoula (Centre West of Cote d’Ivoire) from 2011 to 2013 including 4 rates of sugarcane foam (6, 12, 18 and 24 tha-1), 4 others (150, 300, 450 and 600 kgha-1) of chemical fertilizer [N (18.5%) P (9%) K (14%) + Mg (2%) S (2.5%)] and a control plot (no fertilizer) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. No significant difference was observed between leave concentrations of N, P and K while increased of soil contents of N and K occurred within two-year period under foam also showing a possibility to improve soil content of P according to the rates and years of cultivation for a specific target yield. Regularly, 600 kgha-1 of NPK induced significant difference of yield between both fertilizers but the rates of extractable sugar (9.6%) were similar and characterized by more stable yield trend for the foam treatments during the three years. Increasing rate (18 – 24 tha-1) of foam induced highest yield and rate of extractable sugar contrasting with NPK fertilizer. Applying 18 tha-1 of foam for two year-periods was recommended for sustaining sugarcane production in the studied agro-ecosystem. Keywords: Sugarcane foam, chemical fertilizer, yield stabilization, extractible sugar, Cote d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-64 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405501 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/501 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:54-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Centorbi Hugo José Author-Name: Aliendro Olga Elida Author-Name: Laciar Analía Liliana Title: Toxicity Enhancement of Clostridium Argentinense by non O1, non O139 Vibrio Cholerae in Co-culture Abstract: The growth and botulinic toxin production of Clostridium argentinense G 89 HT in co-culture with non O1, non O139 Vibrio cholerae were studied using three culture systems, operated under different aeration conditions. Growth in homogeneous co-culture with aerobic and anaerobic stage presented a dual-phase progression and 2000 LD50 of botulinum toxin was obtained. This value represented an increase of 20 times compared with the other culture systems studied and high levels of protease activity were achieved. The remarkable increase on the toxicity of C. argentinense G 89 HT was attributed to activation of the toxin by non O1, non O139 Vibrio cholerae proteases. The heterogeneous co-culture obtained with a dialysis membrane physically separating both bacteria, thereby eliminating the protease activity, produced low levels of activity toxigenic. Keywords: Clostridium argentinense, Non O1, non O139 Vibrio cholerae, Co-culture, Protease activity, Toxin activation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-88 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404502 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/502 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:80-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Kutas Author-Name: Aleksandr Veyevnik Author-Name: Vladimir Titok Author-Name: Lyubov Ogorodnik Title: Viability of Explants Rhododendrons (Rhododendron L.) Depending on Sterilizing Compounds Abstract: Results are presented on the influence of sterilizing compounds upon the yield of viable explants of Rhododendron in sterilized culture. Yield of viable explants is dependent upon type of sterilizing compound, species belonging of plant and type of explant. Results show, that 0,1% solution of silver nitrate is a most effective compound for sterilization of seeds of 8 Rhododendron species (sterilization for 5 minutes) and 0,1% solution of sublimate and diacid (sterilization for 8 minutes) are most effective for sterilization of buds of 4 Rhododendron species. Keywords: sterilizing compounds, seeds, buds, rhododendrons Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-50 Volume: 3 Issue: 05 Year: 2014 Month: May Number: V3201404503 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/503 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140511.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:5:p:48-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Christian Crépin Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Author-Name: Michèle Paris Title: Mitochondrial DNA Sequences of the Famous Karl Wilhelm Naundorff (1785 ?- 1845) Abstract: We have obtained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from Karl Wilhelm Naundorff’s hair, who pretended to be the son of King Louis XVI (1754-1793) and Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793). Authenticity of the hair is established by optic and electronic microscopy. Sequences of hypervariable regions of the mitochondrial DNA (extracted from two different hairs) show five mutations : 16298C ; 72C, 152C, 195C and 263G ; the corresponding mtDNA haplogroup is the sub-haplogroup HVO. Consequently, Naundorff cannot be excluded to be considered as being Louis XVII on the basis of mtDNA sequence of his humerus (as affirmed in Jehaes et al., 1998). Comparisons of mtDNA sequences between mtDNA extracted from Naundorff’s hair reported here and those (Jehaes et al., 2001) of the living Anna of Roumania (of Habsburg descent) shows that both correspond to mtDNA haplogroups of the general HV cluster. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, Karl Wilhelm Naundorff, mutations in the hypervariable regions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-32 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406504 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/504 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140710.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:28-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eman Al-Thwaib Author-Name: Waseem Al-Romimah Title: Support Vector Machine versus k-Nearest Neighbor for Arabic Text Classification Abstract: Text Classification (TC) or text categorization can be described as the act of assigning text documents to predefined classes or categories. The need for automatic text classification came from the large amount of electronic documents on the web. The classification accuracy is affected by the documents content and the classification technique being used. In this research, an automatic Support Vector Machine (SVM) and k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) classifiers will be developed and compared in classifying 800 Arabic documents into four categories (sport, politics, religion, and economy). The experimental results are presented in terms of F1-measure, precision, and recall. Keywords: Text Classification, Machine Learning, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405505 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/505 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bongoua-Devisme A. J. Author-Name: Aurélie CEBRON Author-Name: Emile Kouadio YOBOUE Author-Name: Christian MUSTIN Author-Name: Jacques BERTHELIN Title: Structure and Activity of Fe(III)-Reducing Microorganism Occurring in Paddy Fields of Thailand Abstract: In the saline paddy soils of Thailand, four bacterial consortia (S1, S2, S6, and S8) were isolated in paddy soils and then selected for their abilities and efficiencies to reduced iron oxyhydroxyde (goethite) at different concentration of salt in culture medium. In this study, the effect of salinity on the structure and activities of bacterial consortia involved in iron reduction process were studied at two saline concentrations (0 and 3% NaCl). The results show that the bacterial consortia presented different behaviors in the presence or absence of salt. The bacterial consortia S1 and S2 were not affected by the presence of salt. Bacterial consortium S6 had a higher iron-reducing activity under saline conditions than in a non-saline environment. The iron reducing activity of the bacterial consortium S8 was inhibited by the presence of salt but not fermentation processes. In this rice fields, the presence of diverse halosensitive to slightly halophilic bacterial groups and also of bacteria presenting both fermentative and iron-respiring metabolisms are able to maintain a strong ability in iron-reduction and dissolution under changing saline environmental conditions. Keywords: iron-reducing bacteria, Fe(III)-reducers, paddy soil, Thailand, salinity, isolated consortia, bacterial populations Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-17 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405510 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/510 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140606.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:6-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jaishree Ghanekar Author-Name: Gunjan Mishra Author-Name: Charan Reddy KV Title: Serum Uric Acid as Cardiovascular Disease Marker: Premises and Promises Abstract: Uric Acid (UA) is the final product of the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in the purine metabolism. The enzyme, XO linked to oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction and heart failure in humans. Clinically, an association of hyperuricemia with hypertension, diabetes, renal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been observed over the years. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide, co-existing hyperuricemia is getting more focused attention than ever before. Despite its proposed protective role against aging and oxidative stress, epidemiological studies revealed an association between altered levels of serum uric acid (SUA) and various multi-factorial disorders such as hypertension, gout, dyslipidemia, obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and renal disease etc. Therefore, manipulation of SUA levels is now either included in, or being investigated for, the treatment of CVD including stroke. The role of SUA as an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and cerebrovascular ischemic stroke (CVIS) has been previously discussed, though this association has been under keen observation in view of conflicting reports. Here we discuss the recent progress in our understanding about the clinical conditions which are related to SUA in MI and CVIS diseases. Also we describe here the possible involvement of SUA in monitoring, prognosis and therapy of these diseases which is not delved so far. Keywords: Uric acid, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular ischemic stroke Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405512 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/512 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140608.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Elnimr Author-Name: H.A.Elgharbawy Author-Name: Reda Morsy Title: Extraction of Phosphatodylecholine from Egg Yolk Abstract: In this paper the phosphatidylcholine is extracted from egg yolk from different egg sources using water, alcohol and hexane. High degree of purity is achieved and this is assisted through many analysis methods. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405513 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/513 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140609.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Annalisa Graceffa Author-Name: Salvatore Novo Author-Name: Matteo Cameli Author-Name: Marco Matteo Ciccone Author-Name: Maria Maiello Author-Name: Pietro A Modesti Author-Name: Maria Lorenza Muiesan Author-Name: Ida Muratori Author-Name: Giuseppina Novo Author-Name: Pasquale Palmiero Author-Name: Angelica Peritore Author-Name: Pier Sergio Saba Author-Name: Pietro Scicchitano Author-Name: Rosalinda Trovato Author-Name: Roberto Pedrinelli Title: Preclinical Atherosclerosis, Metabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Abstract: The CVD represent nowadays the first cause of mortality and disability in western country. But atherosclerosis disease is a gradually process that develops over decades, giving the time to carry out prevention and intervention strategy. Great attention should be made on the analysis of RF and on their correction, especially when they are clustered in a manner that enhances them. For this reason, it’s important to prevent the development of MetS abnormalities (for example with daily physical activity and Mediterranean diet) and to detect it early so as start pharmacological treatment of modifiable risk factors. Moreover, in order to address the therapeutic efforts to the subjects that can receive greater benefit, it is important to have tool to identify subjects affected but non symptomatic yet. For this purpose, non-invasive techniques capable of evaluating arterial wall and endothelial function should enter in routinely evaluation of cardiovascular risk. In particular, according to ESC guidelines (1), carotid ultrasonography, brachial-ankle index measurement and computed tomography for coronary calcium assessment should be taken in mind for further risk stratification of asymptomatic adults at moderate risk. The detection of subclinical lesions indicates the need of a more aggressive management of risk factors, possibly with the help of drug treatment. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-42 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406514 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/514 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140711.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:33-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baojun Xu Author-Name: Zinan Wang Title: Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activities of Typical Teas Marketed in China as Affected by Steeping Time and Temperature Abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess how steeping temperature and steeping time affect phenolics and antioxidant profiles of various categories of tea marketed in China. The total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannin, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of four typical teas (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and white tea) steeped by different combinations of temperature and time were investigated by colorimetric assays. Results indicated that phenolics and antioxidants in tea water increased with the higher steeping temperature and/or longer steeping time in general. However, the DPPH and FRAP value of fermented teas (black tea and oolong tea) were affected less by the longer time or the higher temperature, while unfermented teas (white tea and green tea) were affected more by longer time and higher temperature. The optimal steeping conditions heavily rely on categories of tea and the targeted active substances. Keywords: Tea, phenolics, flavonoids, tannin, antioxidants, steeping time, temperature Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-11 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406516 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/516 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140702.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Ten Spheres of Al-Farabi: A Medieval Cosmology Abstract: Abu Nasr Al-Farabi, who lived in the ninth century, left a valuable heritage for Islamic thinkers after him. In the framework of his metaphysics, he developed a theory of emanation describing the origin of the material universe. Ten intellects or intelligences are coming in succession from the First Being, and, from each of them, a sphere of the universe is produced. The first intellect created the outermost sphere and a second intellect. From this second intelligence, the sphere of the fixed stars and a third intellect had been generated. The process continues, through the spheres of the planets, downwards to the sphere of the Moon. From the Moon, a pure intelligence, defined as the “active intelligence”, provides a bridge between heavens and earth. In the paper, we discuss this cosmology, comparing it to the cosmology of Robert Grosseteste, an Oxonian thinker of the thirteen century. Keywords: Al-Farabi, Robert Grosseteste, Medieval Cosmology, Medieval Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-39 Volume: 3 Issue: 06 Year: 2014 Month: June Number: V3201405517 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.517 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/517 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140610.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:6:p:34-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Huu Dang Author-Name: Ravi Krishna Brundavanam Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Vertically Aligned CuO Nanometre Scale Wires Synthesized by Thermal Oxidation in Atmospheric Air Abstract: In this study vertically aligned copper oxide (CuO) nanometre scale wires were synthesized via two thermal oxidation techniques. The first involved the direct heating of an oxygen free copper substrate on a commercial hotplate at 300 ºC, while second technique involved heat treating a similar copper substrate in a tube furnace over the temperature range from 400 ºC to 600 ºC. Both heat treatments were carried out in atmospheric air without the use of any catalysts. The as-grown CuO wires formed using this facile thermal oxidation were found to have high aspect ratios, mechanically stable and firmly attached to the underlining oxide layer. The size, shape, morphology and composition of the wires were investigated using advanced characterisation techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Keywords: nanometre scale wires, thermal oxidation, advanced characterisation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-50 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406524 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/524 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140715.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:43-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdul-Rahaman Haadi Author-Name: Abdul-Karim Abdul-Razak Title: Modeling Domestic Violence and Predicting its Growth using Differential Equations. A Case Study of Women and Children in Tamale Abstract: The paper focused on analytic and numerical modeling of Domestic Violence. In the case of the analytic modeling, this paper discusses a simple continuous model for the spread of Domestic Violence, using Ordinary Differential Equations. A mathematical model is inspired from the spread of Domestic Violence in Tamale Metropolitan in which the interaction of the widespread is likely to be minimized. A modeling technique Abusive, Susceptible and Violence Victims (ASV), similar to the Susceptible, Infectious and Recovered (SIR) model in Epidemics, is used for formulating the spread of Domestic Violence as a system of Differential Equations. Hence the population of three distinct classes- the Abusive, Susceptible/Unreported Victims, and the Reported Victims, are considered in the model. The system of Differential Equations is analyzed by linearization of nonlinear systems and non-dimensionlization, and to predict the behavior of the spread of the Domestic Violence. Finally, in the case of the numerical analysis, a general model for the population of Domestic Violence Victims is constructed. The present model shows that the given data is reasonably Logistic. Moreover, this model shows that the population of Domestic Violence Victims is limited. A projected limiting number is given by this model. Some typical mathematical models are introduced such as Exponential model and logistic model. The solutions of those models are analyzed. Keywords: Domestic Violence, Ordinary Differential Equations, linearization, ASV Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-63 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406525 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/525 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140716.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:51-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wondewosen Shiferaw Title: Evaluation of Improved Bread Wheat ( Triticum Aestivum L.) Varieties for Potential Bread Wheat Producing Areas of South Omo Zone of South Nation Nationality Peoples Region of Ethiopia Abstract: Twenty three improved bread wheat varieties and one local check were evaluated with the objective of selecting adaptable and best performing bread wheat varieties for bread wheat production areas of south omo zone. The trial was conducted at Senmamer kebele of Debub Ari woreda during 2012 cropping seasons using randomized complete block design under rain faid condition. Grain yield, thousand seed weight, days to heading, days to maturity and plant height ranged from 1222.8 to 2150.5, 50.9 to 34.9, 51 to 71, 114 to 132 and 57.0 to 76.7, respectively .This experiment suggests that the variety Digelo was recommended to increase production and productivity of bread wheat in South Ari district of South omo zone. Keywords: Bread, wheat, evaluating, grain, yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-66 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406529 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/529 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:64-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Co-occurrence Matrices of Time Series Applied to Literary Works Abstract: Recently, it has been proposed to analyse the literary works, plays or novels, using graphs to display the social network of their interacting characters. In this approach, the timeline of the literary work is lost, because the storyline is projected on a planar graph. However, timelines can be used to build some time series and analyse the work by means of vectors and matrices. These series can be used to describe the presence and relevance, not only of words in the text, but also of persons and places portrayed in the drama or novel. In this framework, we discuss here an approach with co-occurrence matrices plotted over time, concerning the presence of characters in the pages of a novel. These matrices are similar to those appearing in recurrence plots. Keywords: Literary experiments, Time series, Co-occurrence plots, Harry Potter Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-18 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406533 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.533 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/533 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:12-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Recurrence Plots from Altimetry Data of Some Lakes in Africa Abstract: The paper shows recurrence plots obtained from time series of the level variations of four lakes in Africa (Nasser, Tana, Chad and Kainji). The data, coming from remote sensing, are provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The recurrence plots allow a good visual comparison of the behaviours of local drainage basins. Keywords: Recurrence plots, Geophysics, Chaos, Attractors, Climate Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-27 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406534 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.534 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/534 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140709.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:19-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akram Hashim Taha Author-Name: Adnan H. Al-Arajiy Title: Ab-initio Electronic Structure Calculations for Aluminum Arsenide Nanocrystals using Hartree-Fock Method Coupling with Large Unit Cell Method Abstract: The simulation of the electronic structure of aluminum arsenide nanocrystals (ncs) by means of Ab-initio restricted Hartree-Fock (HF) method within the large unit cell (LUC) formalism has been carried out in the present work . Gaussian 03 package is used to study the AlAs ncs with 8, 16, 54, 64 and 128 core atoms in the wavelength range (0.229-0.274) µm. Results shows the dependency of the number of core atoms on the structural and electronic properties of the AlAs ncs. The no. of core atoms is proportional to cohesive energy, the density of states and the energy gap. Other properties such as total energy, lattice constant and the ionicity inversely depends of the no. of core atoms. More stability values for both energy gap and lattice constant was found beyond 64 core atoms. Keywords: AlAs ncs, Ab-initio, Hartree-Fock, LUC Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407536 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/536 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140801.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: S. Djordjevic Author-Name: Ravi Krishna Brundavanam Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Author-Name: A. Nikoloski Author-Name: M. Prokic Title: Enhanced Deposition and Reflective Properties of Thin Aluminium Films by Substrate Vibration Abstract: The influence of substrate’s vibration during vacuum deposition of aluminium thin films on copper substrates was examined. Aluminium metal was evaporated in specially designed vacuum chamber using the hot-filament technique. Copper substrates were subjected to a vibration of 7.6 kHz during deposition. The Al coatings were identified using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the resulting microstructures deposited on the substrates. Coatings deposited under substrate vibration had fewer particles, spherical in shape and deposited over uniformly over the entire surface. This was not the case for the non-vibrated substrates, which tended to have much more densely packed granular shaped particles. The reflectivity experiments revealed that vibrated substrates were superior to the non-vibrated substrates by 28 %, while the difference in the thermal response was around 14 %. Keywords: thin film deposition, reflection, vibrating substrate Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 67-73 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406537 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/537 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:67-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Salman Hasanvand Author-Name: Mohammad Amin Khojasteh Ghamari Author-Name: Saeed Hadizadeh Firozjaee Title: Examine the Role of Effective Urban Factors in the Context and Reduction of Crime Opportunities and Insecurity in Urban Environments Abstract: Today, through a spatial representation of criminal acts, and combining these data with spatial data, where possible, identify crimes and crime centers, where Halle predicted probability of abnormalities within the city limits is provided. Ultimately, this information can effectively reduce the crime rate in the city and reduce the factors underlying crime in urban environments be effective. Delinquency and crime problems and disorders that affect the entire community and each of the communities, large amounts of wealth and human capital has been spent fighting this social phenomenon. The origin of this phenomenon in the social structure, economy and environment from which they sought which there's a time and place that in the context of suitable, criminal background and repeat it provides and it a crime hotspot go on geographical environment makes. Hence, the specific features and structures of the urban environment have a significant impact on the incidence of crime and changes in the spatial structure and environmental conditions will lead to changes in patterns of criminal behavior. So three times, places, and people have a fundamental role in shaping criminal factors, such as differences in location, time and behavioral characteristics leads to the type and extent of crime in the city limits, take on different spatial and temporal patterns. Research methodology and descriptive - analytic study. This study intend to analysis effective factors in urban crime event and insecurity and also it give strategies for reduction of crime in urban environments . In this study, the knowledge and the corresponding definitions of crime and urban indicators, to examine the theoretical principles and theories of scholars addressed; then, identifying the factors and indicators and analysis of existing studies and After identifying strengths and weaknesses, and the constraints and opportunities provide guidelines and recommendations on how to improve areas of their proper shape to reduce crime, and the insecurity. Keywords: crime, land use, lighting, focus of crime, insecurity and delinquency Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 74-86 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406538 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/538 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140722.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:74-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osunde O.D Author-Name: Anyaoha S.N. Title: Immunity of Operational Amplifiers against High Frequency and High Amplitude Pulse Interferences Abstract: The number of electronic (mobile) devices in the world is ever increasing. With this increase of transmitting devices, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) between those devices and other equipment becomes a bigger challenge. This raises the need for equipment and therefore integrated circuits that are more robust to the presence of Electromagnetic waves. In this study, the effect of radio frequency interference in operational amplifiers is dealt with by introducing a parameter to unambiguously specify the EMI robustness of an Op-Amp: EMI Rejection Ratio (EMIRR). This paper presents the background, details and usage of the EMIRR parameter in determining the sensitivity of op-amp to electromagnetic interference. Keywords: OP -Amps, Electromagnetic Interference, EMRR. RF, Modeling, Simulation, Offset Voltage Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-12 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407539 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/539 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140802.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:7-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: L. J Goje Author-Name: Maisamari C.A Author-Name: F.U Maigari Author-Name: P.E Ghamba Author-Name: A.D.T. Goji Author-Name: P.P Mshelia Title: The Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaves on Alloxan Induced Diabetic Albino Rats Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of the aqueous extract of vernonia amygdalina leaves extract. Healthy albino rats weighing between 200g and 230g were used. The rats were divided in to four different groups each containing five albino rats respectively. Three of the groups (b, c and d) were induced with diabetes by the administration of alloxan monohydrate at a concentration of 150mg/kg through intraperitoneal injection. The fasting blood glucose of the rats and their weights were measured before and after the induction of diabetes using glucose metre. After the induction of diabetes the rats were treated using the aqueous extract of vernonia amygdalina leaves at different concentrations (100, 150 and 200mg/kg) respectively according to group daily, where as, the other group (a) was not given any treatment and this served as the normal control, providing a baseline data. The experiment lasted for two weeks after which the animals were sacrificed by surgical dislocation of the neck following 16 hours fasting. The serum was obtained and used for the analysis of lipid profile and fasting blood glucose. All the treatment groups showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level (p<0.05) when compared with their respective alloxan induced diabetic values. Also, all the treatment groups did not have significantly different values from the normal control (p>0.05) in the case of the parameters of lipid profile. Therefore, it was concluded that the aqueous extract of vernonia amygdalina leaves had both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on alloxan induced diabetes. Keywords: Vernonia amygdalina, alloxan induced diabetes, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-11 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408540 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/540 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:5-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Recurrence Plots of Exchange Rates of Currencies Abstract: Used to investigate the presence of distinctive recurrent behaviours in natural processes, the recurrence plots can be applied to the analysis of economic data, and, in particular, to the characterization of exchange rates of currencies too. In this paper, we will show that these plots are able to characterize the periods of oscillation and random walk of currencies and enhance their reply to news and events, by means of texture transitions. The examples of recurrence plots given here are obtained from time series of exchange rates of Euro. Keywords: Recurrence Plots, Texture Transitions, Currencies, Euro, US Dollar, GB Pound, Japanese Yen, Exchange Rates, Autoregressive Models, Econometrics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-95 Volume: 3 Issue: 07 Year: 2014 Month: July Number: V3201406545 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.545 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/545 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140726.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:7:p:87-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Author-Name: Roselene Ferreira Oliveira Author-Name: Vanessa Daiane Mendes Author-Name: Simone Molina Title: Study Post - Harvest about Impact and Compression Mechanical in the Cell Quality of Guava Fruit (CV. Paluma) Abstract: Information about the development and anatomy of Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) is very important the for proper management of harvested fruits. The goal of this study was to evaluate the quality of cell guava produced at the Centenary small farm in the County of Mandaguaçu and delivered in local markets. Ripe fruit guavas of control treatment were collected in the morning at the Centenary small farm in the County of Mandaguaçu in the commercial maturation, defined by skin color yellowish and guavas with possible cell injuries were collected from boxes of the local market. After harvest, the fruits were taken to the laboratory at University, where were made the analyses of the morphology of fruits of guava (cv. Paluma). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications of five fruit per treatment. Analysis made showed that the guavas were presenting order in the cellular structures. The fruits showed large cell expansion and the presence of thin fragile sclereids that occurs due to the process of ripening of fruit. In this sense, it can be conclude that the handling during harvesting and transportation of fruits was appropriate for this phase. The fruits showed great physical and cell characteristics which are desirable for the consumer. Keywords: guava, cv. Paluma, mechanical injury, pericarp anatomy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-34 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407547 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/547 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140809.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:30-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar Title: Ion Chromatography for Determining Chloride Contents in Gas, Water and Condensate Samples from Gas-Condensate Reservoir Abstract: The minor and trace amounts of chloride content in nine samples of natural gas, water and condensate were quantitatively determined via ion chromatography(IC). The selected samples were collected from Egyptian Western Desert gas-condensate reservoir with the aim of studying the field analysis procedure and the performance of the gas plant. IC gives an accurate determination of chloride content in the gas production process in order to contribute in the knowledge of technologies used for chloride removal to produce high-quality natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids. This study is based on the analysis and evaluation of chloride ions present in gas and liquid samples obtained from different stages of field-processing operations. Keywords: Chloride content, Natural gas, Water, Condensate, Ion Chromatography, Egyptian gas plants and Chloride content Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-16 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407549 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/549 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:13-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Measuring the Speed of Sound Using Oscilloscope and Buzzers Abstract: The speed of sound in air can be measured by means of an oscilloscope recording the signals of two receivers, which have in front of them an emitter that can be moved. The method is simple and suitable for a student laboratory. The aim of this approach is not only the measurement of the phase velocity of a wave, but also to trigger interest among students about the use of oscilloscopes. Keywords: Sound, Waves, Phase Velocity, Physics class Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-20 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407550 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.550 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/550 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140804.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:17-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gloria-Bottini F Author-Name: Bottini E Title: ACP1 - ADA1 Interaction and Human Health Abstract: Background: Biochemical and epidemiological evidence suggest that ACP1 and ADA1 genetic polymorphisms interact with significant phenotypic effects at the clinical level. We have reviewed the observations collected by our group over twenty years on the interaction between these polymorphisms in order to elucidate their impact on human health. Methods: ACP1 and ADA1 phenotypes from 3297 subjects were determined by starch gel electrophoresis on RBC hemolysates. Results: Birth weights are higher in newborns with the ACP1*A/*A and *B/*A genotypes carrying the ADA1*2 than in those with other joint genotypes. During the pre-reproductive and early reproductive stages of extrauterine life, individuals carrying these genotypes are more susceptible to diseases involving the immune system. ACP1*A/*A and *B/*A genotypes carrying the ADA1*2 allele are protected against common diseases occurring during the last stage of life. Conclusions: The joint ACP1-ADA1 system has an important role in human health and development. Keywords: ACP1, ADA1, human health, genetic interaction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-29 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407551 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/551 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140805.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:21-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hany El-Gamal Author-Name: M. El-Azab Farid Title: Trace Elements and Radioactivity Levels in Water Near Assiut Thermal Power Plant, Egypt Abstract: A preliminary study on the trace elements (Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Si, V and Na) and natural radioactivity has been performed to estimate the effect of water discharged from Assiut Thermal Power Plant (ATPP) to the aquatic environment. Attention has been focused in particular on trace elements for most of which no data were available in the studied area. The obtained results showed that, in general, the trace elements concentration in all samples did not exceed the WHO limits except for V, Fe and Mg, where a significant concentration was observed in some samples. It was found that the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in some of the collected samples are lower the WHO limits, while for the rest of samples the concentrations are higher than the WHO limits by several order of magnitudes. This indicates to a remarkable effect of water discharged from ATPP to the surrounding aquatic environment. Keywords: Radioactivity levels, trace elements, ATPP, Ground water Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-15 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408552 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/552 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140905.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:12-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Okpiliya F. I. Author-Name: Oko P. E Author-Name: Ayiri B. A Title: Morphological Characteristics of maize (Zea Mays) along Altitudinal Gradient in Obudu Plateau, Cross River State Nigeria Abstract: From all indications, there seem to be a very high level of interrelationship between plant growth and the altitude of any particular place. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the morphological characteristics of maize and the altitude where it was cultivated. Five grains of maize were planted on each of the altitudinal heights of 100m, 600m and 1200m above sea level. The height of the altitude was measured using the geographical positioning system. On growth, the maize stands were labelled A –E for the purpose of identification and monitoring in each of the altitudinal heights. The heights, size of stem and size of maize cobs were measured with tape, while the number of tarsals, leaves and cobs were counted for each maize stand. The morphological characteristics of maize were used to correlate with the altitude of the area where the maize were planted. The pearson product movement correlation analysis was used to test the hypothesis. At 0.05 level of significance the result indicated a negative correlation between the height, size, number of tarsals, number of leaves, number of cobs and sizes of cobs of maize and the height of the altitude. In other words, as the height of the altitude increases, the morphological characteristic of maize decreases. Keywords: Morphology, zea mays, altitude, gradient Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 71-75 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408553 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/553 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:71-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hany El-Gamal Author-Name: Jürgen Sültenfuß Title: Infiltration of Lake Water into the Groundwater System Investigated by Tritium/Helium-3 Method: An Example from Wannsee and Lieper Bucht Area, Berlin, Germany Abstract: The T/3He ages were calculated for groundwater samples collected from the locations Wannsee and Lieper Bucht area, southwestern Berlin, Germany. The calculated ages were used to study the infiltration of lake water into the groundwater system. The results showed that the distance of the wells from the bank of the lake does not affect the calculated ages, especially for the deep wells where all deep wells have nearly the same age. The shallow wells, which have ages nearly one year, have stable tritium of 11-12 TU, while the deep wells with ages nearly 24 years have stable tritium of 15-25 TU. Keywords: T/3He age, groundwater system, Wannsee Lake, Lieper Bucht area Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-25 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408554 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/554 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:16-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: GIMP and Wavelets for Medical Image Processing: Enhancing Images of the Fundus of the Eye Abstract: The visual analysis of retina and of its vascular characteristics is important in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases of visual perception. In the related medical diagnoses, the digital processing of the fundus images is used to obtain the segmentation of retinal vessels. However, an image segmentation is often requiring methods based on peculiar or complex algorithms: in this paper we will show some alternative approaches obtained by applying freely available tools to enhance, without a specific segmentation, the images of the fundus of the eye. We will see in particular, that combining the use of GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, with the wavelet filter of Iris, a program well-known for processing astronomical images, the result is giving images which can be alternative of those obtained from segmentation. Keywords: Image processing, Retina, Retina Vessels, GIMP, AstroFracTool, Iris, Wavelets Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-47 Volume: 3 Issue: 08 Year: 2014 Month: August Number: V3201407556 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.556 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/556 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140814.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:8:p:35-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hawbash Hamadamin Karim Title: Study and Analyzing the Circular Dish Radar Antennas Pattern Abstract: In this paper we discuss analysis and synthesis techniques for planar circular arrays usable in passive HF target ranging. The elements geometries are assumed and analyzed for the array. The frequencies of the bands are taken as; S-band (2 and 4) GHz, C-band (5 and 8) GHz and X-band (9 and 12.4) GHz. The frequencies are taken for the initial and terminal of the specified bands. The circular dish array antenna was used to study the three - dimensional array radiation pattern for circular aperture with diameter (0.3m) at a given wavelength. Linear and polar array radiation patterns were analyzed. It was noted that the number of side lobes increases either by increasing element spacing or by increasing operating frequency. In array design, the positions of sparse array elements is an important concern for optimal performance A new and very fast low-side lobe pattern synthesis method for planar array antennas with periodic element spacing is described. Keywords: Radar Antenna Frequencies, Matlab Computer Program Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408557 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/557 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140903.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Muzari Author-Name: A. Mpofu Author-Name: S. Musiyandaka Author-Name: W. Gatsi Title: The Impacts of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic on Agriculture, Food Security and Rural Livelihoods in Zimbabwe Abstract: This paper discusses the impacts of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on agriculture, food security and rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe. It is based on research findings from a survey of secondary sources of data. The HIV/AIDS pandemic is significantly transforming the structure of rural families and communities in Zimbabwe. It is giving rise to single-parent, female and child headed households which have implications for agricultural planning. Agricultural production is central to the rural economy in Zimbabwe. Smallholder agriculture, at one time a strong and resilient backbone of Zimbabwe’s national food security strategy, is under threat from the devastating effects of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Impacts at household level include reduced income from agricultural production and non-agricultural activities, diversion of productive labour time from agriculture to caring for the sick in the family, and reallocation of cash resources from agriculture to meeting medical expenses. Redirecting of food reserves to funerals, withdrawal of children from school to reduce household costs and to replace the dwindling farm household labour, are yet other impacts. Agricultural extension services in Zimbabwe have also been hard hit by AIDS-related illnesses and deaths, making them less able to respond effectively to the changing needs of their target farmers. The impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture directly affects food security, as it reduces food availability through falling production, loss of family labour, land and other resources, and loss of livestock, assets and implements. It also reduces access to food through declining income for food purchases. Livelihoods derived from natural resources management have also been impacted on by HIV/AIDS. The pandemic has reduced the numbers and capacity of qualified, willing, capable and productive people in the natural resources sector. This has negatively impacted the conservation, management and sustainable utilization of natural resources. In addition, the negative effects of the epidemic have been to accelerate the rate of extraction of forest products to meet the new and increased demands of those affected and infected by HIV/AIDS. Therefore, there is need to strengthen the health delivery system in Zimbabwe to cope with the increasing burden of HIV/AIDS and chronic illnesses. At the same time, it is important to capacitate Home-Based Care programmes in terms of the training of caregivers, equipping them with appropriate care facilities as well as linking them with the national health delivery system for follow-ups. Above all, it is necessary to intensify HIV/AIDS interventions at all levels in order to continue reducing the prevalence and incidence of infections and illnesses. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-70 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408561 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/561 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140911.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:63-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emad Eldieb Title: Physics of the Giant Atom Abstract: If a particle treated as charged sphere and then qualified its electrostatic energy with its rest energy moc2 then, on the same model we can treat a collection of charges as a particle. So, in the form of Einstein equation of the rest mass mo of a particle with rest radius ro, we can put a collection of charges p, - obeying Coulomb force- in a closed sphere with a radius r as; (k e2 ÷ ro) [p ro ÷ r] = moc2 + (0) Where; p is the number of the protons inside a sphere with a radius r, e is the magnitude of the charge in coulomb and k is the electric constant. Where also; the factor inside the big bracket = 1, while the small bracket of the right side is not absolutely empty. Our work lies inside this small bracket. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-43 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408566 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/566 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140915.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:34-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ashvath Sharma Title: What is Lean Manufacturing? Abstract: Lean manufacturing is a manufacturing system which was started by Toyota and is now used by many manufacturers throughout the world. Lean Manufacturing is a way to notice and remove waste i.e. non-profit activities by continuous improvement using the non-stop flow of the product to the customer with perfection. Waste is defined as anything that does not add any value to the product. It is anything that the customer is not ready to spend money for. Manufacturing of a product is completely dependent on designing a manufacturing system that leads to minimization of costs and maximization of profit. The fundamentals of manufacturing processes are Man (labour), Materials and Machines (equipments) and a perfect manufacturing system involves the complete utilization of these resources in a systematic manner. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-49 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408567 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/567 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:44-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sorho Fatogoma Author-Name: Dembele Dio Author-Name: Cherif Mamadou Author-Name: Bolou Bi Antoine Author-Name: Kassi Fernand Author-Name: Nguessan Aya Carine Author-Name: Kone Daouda Title: Identification and Distribution of Some Viral Diseases of Solanaceous in Côte D’ivoire Abstract: Tomato, pepper and eggplant belong to the forty vegetable species most produced in the world (FAO, 2008). These solanaceous plants, which are sources of vitamins, serve as a source of nutritional supplements especially among low income populations, that subsist on diets of cereals and starchy foods. They are a source of income and employment for small rural and peri-urban farmers. As a result of their tolerance to various climates, they are cultivated in all agro-ecological zones of tropical and subtropical areas, throughout the year. However, their production is inhibited by many constraints, some of which are biotic involving fungi, bacteria and viruses. In May 2013, sampling of leaves of the three solanaceous plants was carried out in various zones of production in Côte d'ivoire (Songon, Divo, Sinfra and Djèbonoua). On the basis of viral symptoms observed on the leaves, 117 samples were collected. Serological tests, DAS-ELISA, TAS-ELISA and ACP-ELISA, were used to detect viruses using specific antibodies. The presence of Cucumber mosaïc virus (CMV) and Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV) was confirmed in Côte d'Ivoire. On the other hand, no sample was found positive with Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), using the TAS-ELISA method. With the ACP-ELISA method, a new virus which could be Potato virus Y (PVY-n) was highlighted for the first time in Côte d'Ivoire. On the whole, the production of solanaceous plants in Côte d'Ivoire is threatened by viral diseases. Adequate support should be given to farmers to guarantee a healthy and durable production of solanaceous food crops. Keywords: Solanaceous, Tomato, Pepper, Eggplant, Virus, CMV, PVMV, TYLCV, PVY-n Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-62 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408568 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/568 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:55-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Masego Tsimako Johnstone Author-Name: Paul Kroon Author-Name: Peter Wilce Title: MTCBP-1 Protein Expression is Enhanced in Fat Overloaded HepG2 Abstract: Background: Macrovesicular steatosis, is characterised as excessive triglyceride accumulation in the liver which perpetuate cell injury through signalling cascades. Although there are several hypotheses that have been proposed in liver damage, it is unclear as to how the events occur as well identification of the key proteins that facilitate this event. Aims: HepG2 in vitro fat cell model was used to investigate the relationship between cellular triglycerides and MTCBP-1 expression. Methods: The cells were treated with linoleic acid conjugated to defatted BSA. There were two controls to the experiments, consisting of cells grown in 10% defatted BSA and normal growth medium. Triglycerides were analysed by a quantitative standard curve and nile red staining. Western blots were used for detection of MTCBP-1 in transfected and untransfected cells grown in LA-BSA and compared with control cells. The subcellular localisation of MTCBP-1 was also determined by immunofluorescence. Results: Nile red staining of HepG2 showed presence of triglyceride mainly in the cytoplasm, with higher amounts of lipid droplets found in LA-BSA treated cells. The lipid treated cells contained a significantly increased amount of triglycerides (ρ = 0.004). Lipid overloaded HepG2 cells transfected with pSG5 plasmid encoding c-myc-MTCBP-1 contained much lower triglycerides when compared with the untransfected HepG2 cells. There was an increased expression of endogenous MTCBP-1 in lipid overloaded cells. MTCBP-1 is located in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell. Conclusion The increased expression of MTCBP-1 during triglyceride accumulation may suggest a relationship between the protein and triglyceride synthesis. It can further be explored as a potential target in therapeutics/diagnostics. The next step is to understand the interaction of MTCBP-1 with other proteins in triglyceride synthesis and packaging. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-23 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411569 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/569 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:8-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Studying the Oceanic Internal Waves using Google Earth Abstract: Some recent papers proposed the use of Google Earth in the study of physics, in particular of the behaviour of waves. In fact, in satellite views of coastal zones of oceans and seas, we can easily observe several undulatory phenomena, such as diffraction and interference, created by the surface waves. In this paper, we will show that, with a careful examination of the time series of Google Earth, we can also observe oceanic internal waves. Therefore, we propose to study them, with the aim of attracting students’ interest to subjects of the physics of waves that are beyond those usually discussed in the courses of undergraduate education. Keywords: Teaching Physics, Satellite Images, Google Earth, NASA, Internal waves, Oceans Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-33 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408570 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.570 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/570 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140907.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:26-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Emilio Salgari and the Energy Harvesting from Gulf Stream Abstract: Some researchers and engineers are hoping to harvest renewable energy by means of sea turbines, placed, for instance, in the oceanic currents. Recently, in March 2014, it was announced that some first tests have also been conducted in the Gulf Stream off Florida’s coast. In this paper, we will see that the hope for energy harvesting from this oceanic current is not recent, but it is, at least, a hundred-year-old. In fact, we find the description of mills in the Gulf Stream in a novel, entitled “The Wonders of 2000”, written by Emilio Salgari (1862 - 1911), Italian adventure writer and pioneer of science fiction. Keywords: Science Fiction, Emilio Salgari, Energy Harvesting, Gulf Stream, Oceanic Currents Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-54 Volume: 3 Issue: 09 Year: 2014 Month: September Number: V3201408571 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.571 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/571 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320140917.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:9:p:50-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baojun Xu Author-Name: Weixi Cai Author-Name: Jiali Chen Title: Food Properties of Ready-to-eat Flavored Ginseng Chips as Affected by Food Formulation and Food Processing Abstract: As a kind of herbal medicine, different processing methods have been studied to improve ginseng qualities. However, as a food material, ginseng processing has not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to develop novel food products for ready-to-eat (RTE) ginseng chips with specific flavors through food processing (soaking with different media, pre-heating, steaming, freezing and freeze drying). Changes in chroma, texture, total phenolic contents (TPC), and DPPH radical scavenging activities (DPPH) of novel ginseng product were investigated. Results showed that ginseng treated with most of soaking media obtained significant differences (p < 0.05) in food properties. Typically, significant (p < 0.05) color changes in ginseng chips was found in ginseng treated with black soybean soaking water. An obvious enhancement of total phenolic contents (TPC) and DPPH were found in green tea water. RTE ginseng chips with value–added and specific flavor were successfully obtained by food processing technology. Keywords: Ready-to-eat, flavored ginseng chips, Chroma, Texture, Phenolics, Antioxidants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-28 Volume: 3 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 Month: October Number: V3201409572 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/572 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141004.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:10:p:16-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allen D. Parks Title: Observations Concerning Chordal Graph Polynomials Abstract: For every graph that is clique equivalent to a connected chordal graph, it is shown that the associated dependence polynomial has a unit root and that the associated clique and independence polynomials have negative unit roots. The dependence polynomial for a graph that is the join of two graphs is also shown to have a unit root when at least one of the two joined graphs is clique equivalent to a connected chordal graph. A condition satisfied by the eigenvalues of graphs that are clique equivalent to connected chordal graphs with clique numbers less than four is identified. Keywords: chordal graph, graph polynomial, dependence polynomial, clique polynomial, independence polynomial, graph eigenvalues Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-39 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412574 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/574 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150111.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:36-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jian-Zhong Zhang Author-Name: Li Jing Author-Name: Ru Yan Author-Name: Xiang-Mei Cao Author-Name: Qing-Ping He Author-Name: P. Andy Li Title: PERK Signaling Pathway Involved in Lactic Acid Induced Astrocyte Damage Abstract: Diabetes is an important modifiable risk factor for cerebral ischemic stroke. It increases infraction area and restrains astrocyte activation. Meanwhile, hyperglycemia increase lactic acid and decreases pH. Lactic acid may partially be accountable for the detrimental effects of diabetes on ischemic stroke. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lactic acid on astrocyte viability and to explore the potential mechanisms that lactic acid enhances astrocyte cell death. Astrocytes were challenged by various concentrations of lactic acid (0, 2.5, 5，10 and 15 mM). Cell viability and PERK pathway were examined. The results showed that lactic acid resulted in astrocyte death (p<0.05) and activation of GRP78 and PERK (p<0.05). It is concluded that lactate acidosis causes stress to the endoplasmic reticulum. Keywords: Acidosis, Astrocyte, Lactic acid, GRP78, PERK Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-34 Volume: 3 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 Month: October Number: V3201409575 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/575 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141007.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:10:p:29-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rana Waleed Hndoosh Author-Name: M. S. Saroa Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Title: The Derivation of Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets and Systems on Continuous Domain: Theory and Applications to Heart Diseases Abstract: An overview and a derivation of interval type-2 fussy logic system (IT2 FLS), which can handle rule’s uncer-tainties on continuous domain, having good number of applications in real world. This work focused on the performance of an IT2 FLS that involves the operations of fuzzification, inference, and output processing. The output processing consists of Type-Reduction (TR) and defuzzification. This work made IT2 FLS much more accessible to FLS modelers, because it provides mathematical formulation for calculating the deriva-tives. Presenting extend to representation of T2 FSs on continuous domain and using it to derive formulas for operations, we developed and extended the derivation of the union of two IT2 FSs to the derivation of the intersection and union of N-IT2 FSs that is based on various concepts. The derivation of all the formulas that are related with an IT2 and these formulas depend on continuous domain with multiple rules. Each rule has multiple antecedents that are activated by a crisp number with T2 singleton fuzzification (SF). Then, we have shown how those results can be extended to T2 non-singleton fuzzification (NSF). We are derived the relationship between the consequent and the domain of uncertainty (DOU) of the T2 fired output FS. As well as, provide the derivation of the general form at continuous domain to calculate the different kinds of type-reduced. We have also applied an IT2 FLS to medical application of Heart Diseases (HDs) and an IT2 pro-vide rather modest performance improvements over the T1 predictor. Finally, we made a comparison of HDs result between IT2 FLS using the IT2FLS in MATLAB and the IT2 FLS in Visual C# models with T1 FISs (Mamda-ni, and Takagi-Sugeno). Keywords: Type-2 fuzzy sets, Interval type-2 membership functions, Footprint of uncertainties, set theoretic operations, Type-2 fuzzy logic system, Type-reduction, Heart diseases Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-54 Volume: 3 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 Month: October Number: V3201409576 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/576 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141008.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:10:p:35-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Konan Evrard Brice Dibi Author-Name: Amani Michel KOUAKOU Author-Name: Tchérégnimin Josué YÉO Author-Name: Ibrahim FOFANA Author-Name: Boni N’ZUE Author-Name: Casimir Yao BROU Title: Effects of Planting Modes on Yam (Dioscorea Rotundata, Poir and Dioscorea Alata L) Vine Cuttings for Mini Tubers Production Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of planting modes on mini tubers formation from vine cuttings obtained from white yam (D. rotundata) and the greater yam (D. alata ). Four-month old vine cuttings obtained from two local cultivars (krenglè and kponan) of D.rotundata and two improved varieties (C18 and 140) of D.alata were planted following three planting modes in planting holes containing carbonized rice husk and arranged in ridges. The three planting modes were: 2nH (2-node cutting planted horizontally with the 2 nodes buried), 2nV (2-node cutting planted vertically with 1-node buried) and 3nH (3-node cutting planted horizontally with 2 nodes buried). The vine cuttings were sampled for survival percentage 14 DAP (days after planting), for number of new stems (%), for number and weight (g) of mini tubers 150 DAP. There were significant (P < 0, 05) differences in number and weight of tubers produced on vine cuttings of krenglè, kponan, 140 and C18. The number and weight of tubers obtained from vine cuttings planted out according to mode 3nH were significantly different (P < 0.05) from others planting modes. Keywords: Yam, vine cutting, planting mode, tuber production Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 3 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 Month: November Number: V3201410578 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/578 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:11:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Carbon-Arc Light as the Electric Light of 1870 Abstract: When asked to define the electric light, we immediately think of the artificial lighting produced by incandescent and gas-discharge lamps. But in the past, the electric lamps had a rather different form. About 1870, electric lighting was based on carbon-arc devices powered by magneto-electric generators. We find an interesting and detailed description of this technology in an essay written by Jacob Abbott, an American writer of children's books, and published by Harper’s Magazine in the August Issue of that year. From this Abbott’s essay, we start our discuss of the electric lighting system of the 19th century. Keywords: History of Physics, History of Engineering, Carbon-Arc Light, Electromagnetism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 3 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 Month: October Number: V3201409581 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.581 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/581 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:10:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Emissions in Atmosphere: Trends and Recurrence Plots Abstract: The increase of carbon dioxide concentration in atmosphere, due to anthropogenic emissions, is almost generally considered as responsible of global climate changes. Here we show some data of CO2 concentration and its emission in atmosphere, using the recurrence plots to enhance the visualization of their trends. Keywords: Carbon dioxide, Environment, Climate, Time series, Recurrence plots, World Bank data Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-15 Volume: 3 Issue: 10 Year: 2014 Month: October Number: V3201409582 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.582 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/582 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141003.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:10:p:8-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Angela Kwiatkowski Author-Name: Dalany Menezes de Oliveira Author-Name: Diego Rodrigues Marques Author-Name: Janksyn Bertozzi Author-Name: Edmar Clemente Title: Obtention and Evaluation of Lyophilized Pulp Powder of Different Cultivars of Avocado Abstract: There are many studies focused on the extraction and commercialization of lipid fractions of avocado pulp, because its integral pulp has few applications in food industry, due to many problems, such as fast enzymatic darkening that causes alterations in color and flavor. This enzymatic control is a challenge for food industry, since it depends on many interrelated chemical and biochemical factors. Drying avocado pulp may reduce the activity of some oxidative enzymes and keep stability for other compounds. Thus, this work aimed at lyophilizing pulps of different avocado cultivars and evaluating their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics. It was determined pulp coloration, moisture content, acidity, total and reducing sugars, proteins, lipids, ashes, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and activity of oxidative enzymes (polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase). The results characterized the avocado pulp powders, highlighting a high antioxidant activity, which may control enzymatic activity. Keywords: Persea Americana Mill, drying, enzymatic darkening, phenolic compounds Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411587 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/587 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Christian Crépin Title: An Y-chromosome STR Profile of Karl Wilhelm Naundorff (1785?-1845) Abstract: We complete in the present paper our previous work (Lucotte et al. 2014, Int J Sciences, 3 (7): 28-32) on DNA marker of Karl Wilhelm Naundorff by the study of his Y-chromosome profile. For fourteen Y-STRs studied allelic values are identical to those of Hugues de Bourbon, the living 4th generation descendant of the Naundorff' elder branch. These datas establish that H. de Bourbon is patrilinealy related to K.W. Naundorff. Keywords: Y-chromosome markers, short tandem repeats (STRs), allelic values, Hugues de Bourbon, members of the Naundorff' family Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-32 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411590 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/590 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:28-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Light-Emitting Diodes in the Solid-State Lighting Systems Abstract: Red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) had been produced for several decades before blue emitting diodes, suitable for lighting applications, were widely available. Today, we have the possibility of combining the three fundamental colours to have a bright white light. And therefore, a new form of lightning, the solid-state lightning, has now become a reality. Here we discuss LEDs and some of their applications in displays and lamps. Keywords: Semiconductors, Light-Emitting Diodes, Solid-State Lighting Systems, LEDs, GaAs, GaN, InGaN Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-17 Volume: 3 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 Month: November Number: V3201410593 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.593 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/593 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:11:p:9-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Cloud Tracking in METEOSAT Images Using GIMP Program Abstract: Cloud tracking is the analysis of remote sensing images from which it is possible to evaluate the speed of winds drifting the clouds. Here we are proposing a simple approach to the cloud drift, based on a method that uses GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, applied to METEOSAT images. Keywords: Satellite images, Remote sensing, Image processing, GIMP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-21 Volume: 3 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 Month: November Number: V3201410596 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.596 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/596 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:11:p:18-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Paper-based Metamaterials: Honeycomb and Auxetic Structures Abstract: Metamaterials are engineered materials that gain their properties from the repeating patterns of their structures. Here we discuss paper-based metamaterials, with the honeycomb structure, and a possible auxetic design of them. Keywords: Honeycomb cells, Auxetic structures, Metamaterials, Paper, Cardboards Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-25 Volume: 3 Issue: 11 Year: 2014 Month: November Number: V3201410597 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.597 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/597 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:11:p:22-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rifat Demalija Title: Local Referendums; As a Tool for Promoting Democracy and Respect for Human Rights in Albania Abstract: Despite all the efforts after twenty years, Albania is still considered a transitional government or hybrid regime (Freedom House, 2013). Direct participation of citizens in decision making through referendums is a tool to raise the level of public awareness and encourage critical debate of local community concerns among different actors of the society. Local referendums have the advantage to increase critical mass debate about the concern question raised. However, it is often argued that referendums are problematic because they weaken representative democracy. The notion of referendum implies the coexistence of representative institutions such as local councils and the procedures for the intervention of direct participation of the citizens. Seeing the fact that our representatives are far from representing citizens interests and also the fact of the citizens’ apathy, this paper argues that local referendums help to develop local democracy, promoting direct participation and human rights values. Keywords: referendum, democracy, participation, practicing democracy, human rights Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-46 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411602 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/602 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141218.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:41-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hiroshi Komada Author-Name: Jun Uematsu Author-Name: Sahoko Kihira Author-Name: Mika Uchida Author-Name: Yurika Sakakura Author-Name: Sayuri Deguchi Author-Name: Kae Sakai Author-Name: Hidetaka Yamamoto Author-Name: Mitsuo Kawano Author-Name: Masato Tsurudome Author-Name: Myles O’Brien Title: Inhibition of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Growth in Vitro by Catechin is caused by the Inhibition of Genome and mRNA Syntheses and by the Disruption of Cytoskeleton, and that by Tannic Acid is Mainly Caused by Genome Synthesis Inhibition and the Disruption of Cytoskeleton Abstract: The antiviral activities of catechin mixture (catechin) and tannic acid against human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) were investigated in vitro. Catechin and tannic acid both inhibited cell fusion induced by hPIV-2 in LLCMK2 cells. However, high concentrations of them caused cell toxicity. Both catechin and tannic acid reduced the number of viruses released from the cells. Real time PCR showed that catechin almost completely inhibited virus genome RNA synthesis, and tannic acid largely inhibited it. Virus nucleoprotein (NP), fusion (F) and hemaggulutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene syntheses were largely inhibited by catechin, and mRNA syntheses of these proteins were partly inhibited by catechin. However, tannic acid did not cause inhibition. An indirect immunofluorescence study showed that catechin partly inhibited virus NP, F and HN protein syntheses, but tannic acid did not inhibit either virus NP, F or HN protein syntheses. Using a recombinant green fluorescence protein (GFP)-expressing hPIV-2 without matrix protein (rhPIV-2∆MGFP), it was found that virus entry into the cells was not inhibited by catechin or tannic acid, and that spreading of virus to the adjacent cells was not blocked by them. Catechin and tannic acid disrupted both actin microfilaments and microtubules. These results indicated that the inhibitory effect of catechin was caused by the inhibitions of both viral genome RNA and mRNA syntheses, and by the disruption of actin microfilaments and microtubules. However, inhibition by tannic acid was mainly caused by vial genome synthesis inhibition and the disruption of cytoskeleton. Keywords: human parainfluenza virus type 2, catechin mixture, tannic acid, a recombinant green fluorescence protein expressing hPIV-2 without matrix protein Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-55 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411603 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/603 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:47-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Some Notes on Boltzmann and Landauer Phonon Thermal Transport at Nanoscale Abstract: To evaluate the phonon thermal transport at the nanoscale of nanotubes and nanowires we can use Boltzmann and Landauer approaches. The Boltzmann equation is coming from a semiclassical formulation, whereas the Landauer equation is based on ballistic models. Here we show, for teaching purposes, a simple manner of linking these two approaches using dimensional equations. Keywords: Nanotubes, Nanowires, Nanostructures, Phonons, Thermal Transport, Relaxation Time Approximation, Boltzmann Equation, Landauer Formula Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411604 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.604 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/604 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Using Time Series and Graphs in the Analysis of Dante's Divine Comedy Abstract: The digitized form of a literary work can be used to have a numerical analysis of it, for instance, by giving the frequencies of words occurring in the text and a consequent appraisal of characters, places or leitmotivs to which these words are linked. The related numerical data can also be organized and analysed as time series, where the time is played by the progression of lines of the digitized text. Here we propose examples of time series concerning some words in Dante Alighieri’s poem, the Divine Comedy. Besides plotting the time series, we can also use graphs for illuminating some leitmotivs of this poem. Keywords: Literary Experiments, Word Occurrences, Graphs, Divina Commedia, Divine Comedy, Dante Alighieri Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-40 Volume: 3 Issue: 12 Year: 2014 Month: December Number: V3201411605 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.605 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/605 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V320141214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:3:y:2014:i:12:p:33-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark A. Brown Author-Name: Megan E. Hamrick Title: Yersinia Pestis And The Westward Advance Of The Great Pestilence Abstract: The recent outbreak of Ebola reminds us of the ever-increasing threat of a global pandemic. In an age where thousands travel around the world each day, it is not difficult to imagine how a highly transmissible pathogen could rapidly reach the scale and severity of the historic Black Plague or Spanish Influenza. However, it is interesting to consider how such plagues reached pandemic proportion prior to the advent of air travel or even steam ships. Herein, the author invites the scientific community to reflect upon one of the pathways by which Black Plague was introduced from Asia into Europe. This is a story where harsh science bleeds into the humanities in one of the earliest and most devastating episodes of biological warfare. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-19 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412606 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/606 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:18-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lino Navarro Baron Title: Feng Shui Practices among Selected Business Establishments In The Chinatown Districts Of Kuala Lumpur, Manila And Singapore: A Comparative Study Abstract: This study is focused on the use of feng shui in business establishments located in shophouses within the Chinatown districts of the cities of Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Singapore. These cities are strategic in Island Southeast Asia as centers of migration of Chinese nationals who controlled the regional trade in the region during the colonial period. These migrants came as merchants, resident traders, and/or coolie laborers for the tin mines of the peninsula. Moreover, these cities were entrepots of trade and the centers of the traffic of goods along the route between the China Sea, the Indian Ocean, and the Pacific Ocean. Hence, the colonial powers, specifically the Spanish and the British, carved Chinatowns in Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Singapore from portions of the colonial real estate to sustain this extremely profitable partnership generated in the region by the Chinese merchants, traders, and coolie laborers. Events in China and the battering suffered by the country in the hands of the colonial powers in the 19th century altered the character of the migration process: The existing Chinatowns populated by resident merchant families and their business activities became havens for Chinese intellectuals, scholars, and political exiles. Furthermore, challenges posed by ethnicity issues within the plural and multi-racial societies of Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore further strengthened and entrenched Chinese traditional values and culture within these enclaves. Today, these Chinatowns embody the culture and values of the homeland reflecting the tradition of strong family ties, the humanism of Confucianism, the harmony between man and nature of Taoist philosophy and geomancy, the spirituality of Buddhism, and the importance given to industry and a productivity-oriented work ethic. This study documented and established the dominant use of feng shui, a cultural practice that traces its origins in early Chinese history, among the owners of business establishments located in shophouses within the Chinatowns of Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Singapore. Using descriptive research, the data gathering process started with an ocular survey of selected businesses located in shophouses within the catchment areas of the three Chinatowns to determine whether feng shui was used in these establishments. In the second phase, surveys and interviews were conducted with owners as key informants to determine why feng shui was used in their business establishments. The study documented the fact that like typical business establishments and homes in the homeland, feng shui was used by business establishment owners in the Chinatowns of Kuala Lumpur, Manila, and Singapore to bring good health, prosperity, and harmonious family relations. Keywords: Ch’i, Chinese kapitans, Chinatown, Ethnicity, Feng Shui, Geomancy, Multi-racial societies, Plural societies, Shophouses, Taoism, Yin-Yang Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-30 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412607 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/607 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150107.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:20-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohamed El Raey Author-Name: Ali El Hadidi Title: Modeling of Climatological Conditions over the Past Century in Alexandria, Egypt Abstract: Alexandria City is one of the most vulnerable mega cities of the Mediterranean Sea to potential impacts of climatic change and sea level rise. Analysis of the meteorological data of the city over a long period reveals important aspects of the changes of climatic conditions. One of the most significant consequences of global warming is the increase in magnitude and frequency of extreme events such as heat waves (IPCC, 2007)1. Temperature trends investigated over a whole century. In addition, analysis (including modeling and downscaling) of daily meteorological data have been carried out as prerequisites for proper planning for the city in view of the prevailing climatic changes in the region. Results indicate that: 1. The maximum and mean temperatures in Alexandria city are expected to continue increasing in the next few decades in mean values and rates of extreme events. 2. An increase in the frequency and severity of the heat waves are also expected. 3. The precipitation rates in Alexandria are expected to decrease in the same period. Also, a decrease in the wet day’s percentage and increase in the dry spell days, are expected. Two future scenarios were investigated, A2 and B2 storyline (IPCC special report) Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V3201412609 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.609 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/609 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201607609.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Periodic Distortions In Nematics Caused By Flexoelectricity And Saddle-Splay Elasticity Abstract: In liquid crystal materials, the coupling between their elastic field and an external action, such as electric and magnetic fields or the confinement created by free surfaces or cell walls, can give rise to periodic domains. Here, some simple calculations are proposed for nematics in planar cells, where undulations are caused by flexoelectricity and saddle-splay elasticity. Keywords: Liquid Crystals, Nematics, Flexoelectricity, Saddle-Splay Elasticity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412610 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.610 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/610 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ivanka Dimova Author-Name: Radka Tafradzhiska-Hadzhiolova Author-Name: Svilen Maslyankov Author-Name: Desislava Nesheva Author-Name: Draga Toncheva Title: Whole Genome Microarray Analysis In Invasive Ductal Breast Cancer Revealed The Most Significant Changes Affect Chromosomes 1, 8, 17 And 20 Abstract: Despite of the large number of molecular studies in breast cancer, the data are still insufficient for understanding its molecular pathogenesis. The dramatic development of genetics in recent years has made it possible to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. The aims of the study was to determine the type, frequency and fine mapping of unbalanced genomic alterations in ductal carcinoma of the breast. For this study we have used tumor samples of invasive ductal breast cancer to be analysed by comparative genomic hybridization on DNA microarrays. Two approaches were applied in the analysis of significant unbalanced genomic changes: a) identification of clones which presented unbalanced changes (log2 T: H> +0.25 for gain and <-0.25 for losses) in more than 70% of the tumors; b) establishing clones which harbor amplifications (log2 T: H> +0.5) or homozygous deletions (log2 T: H <- 0.5) in more than 50% of tumors. Our results showed that the most commonly affected chromosome arms by gains were 20q and 1q. Loss at high frequency was found in 8p. Totally 9 regions with high rate of genetic alterations (7 in short and 2 in long arm) were detected in chromosome 1. Genetic losses in chromosome 8 predominated - 8p11.21 have lost in 100% of the cases. There were regions of chromosome 17 with a frequency of genetic gains over 70% - in 17q12, 17q21.31, 17q22 and a region with a frequency of more than 80% loss in 17q21.32. The long arm of chromosome 20 was affected by significant amplifications in 10 regions, but with the highest frequency of more than 80% in 20q11.21-q11.23, 20q12 and 20q13.12-q13.2. Our study contributed to the fine mapping of genomic imbalances in ductal breast cancer, suggesting the significant regions of genetic gains and losses. The genes in the found regions could represent potential oncogenes and/or tumor-supressor genes with cancer-emerging role. Keywords: ductal breast cancer, array CGH, oncogenes and tumor-supressor genes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-17 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412611 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/611 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:8-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A.D.T. Goji Author-Name: A.Mohammed Author-Name: Y.Tanko Author-Name: Y. and M.U. Kawu Title: Effects Of Folic Acid And Magnesium Co-Administration 0n The Activity Of Hepatic Glucokinase (Gck) In Streptozotocin - Induced Type I Diabetic Wistar Rats Abstract: Hyperglycemia is a common feature of diabetes mellitus. It results from a decrease in glucose utilization by the liver and peripheral tissues and an increase in hepatic glucose production. Glucose phosphorylation by glucokinase is an initial event in glucose metabolism by the liver. However, glucokinase gene expression is very low in diabetic animals. Hepatic GCK is a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis and, as such, is a potential target for treatment strategies of diabetes. The present day study investigated the effect of co- administration of folic acid and magnesium on GCK activity. Thirty wistar male rats were divided into six groups of five each. Diabetic groups received 20 and 500 mg/kg folic acid and /or magnesium chloride, separarately or in combination. Diabetic control and normal control received 0.9% saline for 4 weeks. It was found that during combined exposure of folic acid and magnesium, the adverse effects of the diabetes induced by STZ was less pronounced in the group that had FA+ Mg than their individual effects. This suggests the synergistic beneficial effects of folic acid and Magnesium against STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar Rats. Investigations of the hepatic glucokinase concentration by Real-Time PCR showed a decreased in GCK concentration in diabetic control rats. GCK activity increased significantly (p<0.05) in group treated with FA+Mg. These results indicated that FA+Mg co- administration may probably exhibit a significant potential as a hypoglycemic agent perhaps via its ability to enhance GCK gene expression and its activity. Keywords: Glucokinse, folic acid, Magnesium, Diabetes Mellitus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-35 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412612 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/612 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150110.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:31-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Tsallis Entropy In Bi-level And Multi-level Image Thresholding Abstract: The maximum entropy principle has a relevant role in image processing, in particular for thresholding and image segmentation. Different entropic formulations are available to this purpose; one of them is based on the Tsallis non-extensive entropy. Here, we propose a discussion of its use for bi- and multi-level thresholding. Keywords: Image Processing, Tsallis Entropy, Thresholding Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-49 Volume: 4 Issue: 01 Year: 2015 Month: January Number: V3201412613 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.613 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/613 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150112.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:1:p:40-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chanthakhad SOUPHIDA Author-Name: Xiaodong LIU Title: Assessment Of The Villagers Perception On Forest Resource Management Within The Khammouane Provincial Protected Area, Lao PDR Abstract: This study aims to assess the perception of villagers in two villages for forest resources management and analyzes the forest resources uses patterns of the people residing surrounding the Khammouane provincial protected area (PPA), Khaymaeb and Houayhaed villages, Boualapha district, Khammouane province. The research findings revealed that: the involvement of the villagers in forestry resources management was somewhat limited, just only 1 or 2 times per year. Forestry resources management prior the year 2000 was at the medium level of 59.91%. Forestry resources management after the year 2000 is at the good level of 52.72%. Compliance level with laws and regulations of the villagers is about 69.09. Established the management regulations by the government is 69.09%, the concept of establishing the provincial protected area is 61.82%. Forestry resources management is very important for livelihood and 49.09% said that it has improved their livelihoods. The forestry resources management regulations set by the government is said to be 74.44% appropriate. Construction activities that need less than 5 cubic meters of wood, 94.55% of them have asked permission from village authority. Construction activities that need above 5 cubic meters of wood, 64.45% of them have asked permission from village authority and 34.55% requested from district authority. The sources of wood for construction about 61.82% taken from the village collective forest. 50.91% of the fire wood also collected from the village collective forest and 10.91% from village protected area. For the prohibition on utilizing the non timber forest products (NTFPs) is that it is prohibited to collect NTFPs unlimitedly covered 87.27%. the sectors hat monitored and inspected the forest resources in the village areas, 60% will be done by the security and defense units based in such 2 villages, 43.73% of the interviewees did not receive the data/information on forestry resources management, the benefits of involvement in forestry management is 43.34% which is highly feasible. Keywords: Forest resource management, villagers’ perception, socio-economic status Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501614 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/614 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Modupe O. Oyetunde Author-Name: Kolawole Ifeoluwapo Oluwafunke Title: Professional Development and Career Pathway in Nursing Abstract: The professional (registered) nurse needs to possess the necessary skills and competencies in discharging her duty to the society. These skills are acquired through professional development, clinical experiences and educational advancement. The nurse personally develops the ambition while the institution helps to actualize this. Professional development is one of the criteria that make nursing to be a profession especially in this world of professional leadership tousle among health care workers. It is expected that the nurse develop herself through evidenced base practices, reflective practices and continue education. The competent nurse engages in ongoing self-directed learning with the understanding that knowledge and skills are dynamic and evolving; in order to maintain competency one must continuously update the knowledge, she also demonstrates leadership in nursing and health care through the understanding that an effective nurse is able to take a leadership role to meet client needs, improve the health care system and facilitate community problem solving. Ensuring that nurses have the appropriate skills, knowledge, competencies and professional values to achieve reform objectives is contingent upon their engagement in higher education. The time has come for the nursing profession to outline a preferred future for the preparation of nurse educators to ensure that these individuals are appropriately prepared for the responsibilities they will assume as faculty and staff development educators and to implement strategies that will serve to retain a qualified nurse educator workforce. Keywords: Career Pathway, Professionalism, Competency, Educational Advancement, Specialization Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 92-104 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201501615 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/615 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:92-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tridib Banerjee Title: La Symmetry Theorem Abstract: I believe that in physics, everything should be absolute. I came across this theory of decaying of light and thus concluded into writing this paper. This paper deals with what happens to a dying photon-does it ever die? If yes then what happens to the energy. This paper is about putting an absolute limit to the lifetime of any photon. Keywords: Photon, Decaying of photon, Speed of light, mass energy symmetry, energy decay Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-59 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502616 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.616 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/616 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:56-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iqbal Faruk Author-Name: M. L. Rahman Title: Efficacy of Substrate Based Trichoderma Harzianum Bio-fungicides in Controlling Seedling Disease (fusarium Oxysporum) of Brinjal in Seed Bed Abstract: Efficacy of individual and mixed substrates i.e. rice bran, wheat bran, grass pea bran and their combination with mustard oilcake (MOC), based Trichoderma harzianum bio-fungicides were tested against seedling disease (Fusarium oxysporum) of brinjal in plastic tray and seed bed during 2009 to 2014 in the net house of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). The results of plastic tray and seed bed experiments revealed that four combinations of substrate based T. harzianum bio-fungicides such as (1) rice bran + wheat bran, (2) rice bran + wheat bran + mustard oil cake (MOC), (3) rice bran + grasspea bran, and (4) rice bran + grasspea bran +MOC were suitable for controlling the soil borne seedling disease (F. oxysporum) of brinjal in tray soil as well as seed bed soil conditions. Keywords: Rice bran, wheat bran, grasspea ban, mustard oilcake, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium oxysporum, brinjal Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201501617 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.617 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/617 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505617.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Sridevi Brundavanam Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Electrochemical Synthesis of Micrometre Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Tubes and their Transformation to Hydroxyapatite Tubes Abstract: Amorphous calcium phosphate tube-like structures were formed on magnesium substrates using a straightforward electrochemical process. The effect of voltage, time and the resulting hydrogen gas evolution were found to be responsible for sculpturing the tube-like structures covering the entire substrate surface. Scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy was used to quantify the size, shape, structure and composition of the tube-like structures. Microscopy analysis was used to develop a model to describe the mechanism behind the formation of the tube-like structures. Also investigated was a hydrothermal technique used to convert the amorphous calcium phosphate structures into hydroxyapatite. Both X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm the effectiveness of the conversion process. Keywords: Electrochemical synthesis, amorphous calcium phosphate, microstructures Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-15 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501619 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/619 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:7-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AL Quthami Khalid Author-Name: Fadel Qabani Author-Name: Mazen G Saeedi Author-Name: Fauziah F Abusaadh Author-Name: Suliman A Esmat Author-Name: Saeed A Badahdah Title: Evaluation of the Roche Cobas TaqScreen Multiplex V 2.0 Test for Blood Screening: A Saudi Arabian Study Abstract: Clinical specificity and genotype/subtype detection of viruses using the Cobas TaqScreen MPX system V 2.0, which is a nucleic acid test (NAT) that uses multiples for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strain variants, were investigated. The 95% LOD was employed in the experiment and the results returned a positive accuracy of 99.6%. which is consistent with the expected success rate as specified by Roche. Keywords: NAT, Multiplex, PCR Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-30 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501620 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/620 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:26-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Gray-Level Image Transitions Driven by Tsallis Entropic Index Abstract: The maximum entropy principle is largely used in thresholding and segmentation of images. Among the several formulations of this principle, the most effectively applied is that based on Tsallis non-extensive entropy. Here, we discuss the role of its entropic index in determining the thresholds. When this index is spanning the interval (0,1), for some images, the values of thresholds can have large leaps. In this manner, we observe abrupt transitions in the appearance of corresponding bi-level or multi-level images. These gray-level image transitions are analogous to order or texture transitions observed in physical systems, transitions which are driven by the temperature or by other physical quantities. Keywords: Tsallis Entropy, Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Image Thresholding, Texture Transitions, Medical Image Processing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-25 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501621 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.621 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/621 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150207.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:16-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elena Kutas Author-Name: Aleksandr Veyevnik Author-Name: Vladimir Titok Author-Name: Lyubov Ogorodnik Title: Morphogenesis Introduced Varietes Of Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea L. In Culture In Vitro Abstract: The results of experimental studies of morphogenesis of four introduced varietes cowberry ('Koralle', 'Masovia', 'Erntedank', 'Erntekröne') in culture in vitro on three types of nutrient media of nine modifications. It was found, that of all the investigated types of nutrient media among the most active shoot formation and rhizogenesis was observed on the medium WPM (â„– 8) and Anderson (â„– 9). This demonstrates a proof of universality of these types of media for both morphogenetic processes: shoot formation and rhizogenesis. On the basis of study of morphogenesis of explants proceeding from the introduced varietes Vaccinium vitis-idaea in aseptic culture on various types of nutrient media was shown a principal possibility to regenerate it in two ways: 1) by activation of axillary meristems , 2 ) through the callus proliferation and subsequent formation of a shoot. Research results obtained in the study of morphogenesis in four different types of explants of introduced varietes of cowberry on modified nutrient media, used by us in the elaboration of technology of micropropagation of these varietes. Keywords: morphogenesis, introduced varietes of cowberry, aseptic culture Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-34 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501625 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/625 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:31-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Shannon, Tsallis And Kaniadakis Entropies In Bi-level Image Thresholding Abstract: The maximum entropy principle is often used for bi-level or multi-level thresholding of images. For this purpose, some methods are available based on Shannon and Tsallis entropies. In this paper, we discuss them and propose a method based on Kaniadakis entropy. Keywords: Kaniadakis Entropy, Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Image Thresholding, Texture Transitions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-43 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501626 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.626 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/626 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150209.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:35-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: On The Generalized Additivity Of Kaniadakis Entropy Abstract: Since entropy has several applications in the information theory, such as, for example, in bi-level or multi-level thresholding of images, it is interesting to investigate the generalized additivity of Kaniadakis entropy for more than two systems. Here we consider the additivity for three, four and five systems, because we aim applying Kaniadakis entropy to such multi-level analyses. Keywords: Kaniadakis Entropy, Data segmentation, Image processing, Thresholding Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-48 Volume: 4 Issue: 02 Year: 2015 Month: February Number: V4201501627 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.627 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/627 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:2:p:44-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boonthavy Douangphosy Author-Name: Chen Hong Han Author-Name: Cui Kang Ping Title: Community-based Ecotourism for Assessment Potential and Planning at Phou Khao Khouay National Protected Area, Lao PDR Abstract: This study used an area assessment technique and local community interviews as the key tools to achieve the three study objectives：to assess the potential of the site for ecotourism establishment; to examine the local needs and readiness of the community to participate in the ecotourism management; and to examine factors affecting the opinions of local community participation plan of ecotourism. To assess these three main objectives, 194 respondents were selected and interviewed. The responses were then analyzed statistically using percentage, maximum, and mean values. In addition, the hypotheses were developed and tested using the chi-square analysis technique in order to determine relationships between the variables. The site assessment using four ecotourism criteria showed 85%, which falls into an “excellent” category of ecotourism potential. In addition, the interviews to promote local community participation in the ecotourism plan were also used to assess the local needs and readiness. The results tabulated from the interviews show that the local needs of ecotourism were of 3.44, showing that there was an urgent need among the local community, while the readiness to respond to this need was 2.69; the local needs of tour guides was 3.51, while the readiness was 3.03; the local needs for the services was 3.19, while the readiness was 2.05. Furthermore, the study determined that the need for government support in four activities was at the medium level. The results showed the home stays was an average of 2.00, the tour guides was 2.00, the infrastructure development was 2.01, and the provision of goods and services was 2.00. Finally, the results of hypothesis testing on statistical significance at the 0.05 level indicated no significant difference in responses based on the gender and the readiness of the services to provide tour guides, age and the needs of the services to provide accommodation, age and the needs and readiness of the services to provide tour guides, occupation and the needs of the services to provide accommodation, income and the readiness of the services to provide accommodation. Keywords: assessing potential, ecotourism, local community participation, Laos Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502628 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.628 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/628 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Grace Minerva Q. Macasaet Author-Name: Teodoro M. Maranan Title: Cultural Values in Selected Southeast Asian Countries As Reflected in Representative Short Stories: Comparative Study Abstract: The study on the “Cultural Values in Selected Southeast Asian Countries As Reflected in Representative Short Stories: A Comparative Study” reveals the intent of the researcher to investigate on the commonalities of cultural values in the community life and lifestyles of some selected Southeast Asian countries based on selected short stories of ASEAN literature. These selections were all written during the period from 1950s – 1990s against a background of profound political, social, and psychological change. Keywords: Cultural Values, literature, short story, culture shock Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-198 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201502631 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.631 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/631 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510631.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:57-198 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aisha Garba Habib Title: Eliminating Obstetric Fistula in Muslim Communities Abstract: There have been assertions that early marriage is the major factor responsible for obstetric fistula in developing countries and some Muslim majority areas. Consequently, some parts of the western world have been agitating for the promulgation of a law that will specify a minimum age of marriage so as to tackle that issue. Islam allows marriage of girls at minority. The paper attempts to discuss the different factors that lead to obstetric fistula and their relationship to early marriage, finding out that early marriage on its own is not a cause but fistula occurs as a result of an interplay of many factors. It finally discusses the measures that should be taken to reduce or even eliminate fistula in developing countries, especially in Muslim majority areas, where early marriage is permitted and practised. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-45 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503635 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.635 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/635 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150415.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:41-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: Cordiviola C.A Author-Name: Muro M.G Author-Name: Trigo M.S Author-Name: Cattaneo A.C Author-Name: Calonge F.S Author-Name: Antonini A Title: Ground and Whole Grain Corn: Effect on Ruminal Ph in Goats Diets Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of whole and ground corn grain in ruminal pH and total dry matter intake in diets for goats. Eight crossbreed goats (Creole x Nubian) was fitted with a rumen cannula and assigned in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experimental design. Two experiments were conducted; in the first test we used whole grain corn and second, ground corn grain. Ruminal pH data was measured for each goat as average pH, area between the curve and a horizontal line at pH 6, and duration less than pH 6. In the first experiment, there were not differences (p> 0.05) on area between the curve and a horizontal line at pH 6, average pH and duration less than pH 6 among diets. A tendency was observed (p= 0.08) to decrease in DMI and the F/C decreased linearly (p< 0.05) with increasing whole corn in ration. In the second experiment, a significant linear increase was observed (p< 0.05) on area between the curve and a horizontal line at pH 6, with increasing ground corn. A linear decrease (p <0.05) was observed in average ruminal pH and linear increase (p <0.05) in duration less than pH 6. There was no difference in DMI and linear decrease (p <0.05) in F/C with increasing whole. The milling corn grain, increase the hydrolysis rate of the starch, possibly because to increased bacterial colonization of the horny endosperm surface, lowering ruminal pH. Keywords: whole corn, ground corn, ruminal pH Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-15 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502637 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.637 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/637 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:11-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kyaw Myo Linn Author-Name: Wu Cheng Liang Title: Analysis of Forest Policy in Myanmar Abstract: With the long history of scientific forest management based on the Burmese customs of timber extraction, forest policies and its development supported the economy of country and livelihoods of the people until the 21th century. Forests provide not only tangible benefits such as timbers, foods, fodder and shelters for the people and biodiversity but also intangible benefits such as water storage, soil formation, air purification, etc. Using the forests in sustainable manner is particularly contributes well life support system to all living things. Forest policy formulation and legislation in one country tell how people behave on their own scarce resources in order to achieve from their minimum subsistence economy to the goal of national economy as well. Good governance to forest policy and laws always reflect to sound forest management system and that leads to sustainability of forests and well beings of the people in the country. Due to growing population and changing conditions of natural forest ecosystems, every country in the world emphasizes on land use policies and tries to reform to adapt with varying attributes of forests and other political sectors. Security of forest Land tenure system is one of the most important issues and its changes has dynamic effects on people in the country. This paper tries to find out briefly on how forest policy affected to the people and sustainability of forests from 17th century to 21th century in Myanmar. Although country’s economy mostly depended on the raw timber production throughout the several decades, forest policy, land tenure patterns and its reform are still needed to reflect the real changing conditions of environment. Keywords: scientific forest management, customs of timber extractions, forest policy, land tenure reforms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-28 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502639 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.639 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/639 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150314.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:16-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathias O. Nweke Author-Name: Hilary N. Ezeh Author-Name: Philip N. Obasi Author-Name: Ikenna A. Obasi Title: Geotechnical Behavior of Clays from Ngbo Area, Eze-Aku Formation, Southeastern Nigeria in Construction Abstract: Clays noted to be highly expansive belonging to Ezeaku Formation, southeastern Nigeria were characterized using the following geotechnical properties which included Grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, free swell, bulk density, specific gravity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), chemical composition. The chemical composition of the clays indicates low percentages of Na2O with fairly higher percentages of CaO and K2O. The clays are plastic with liquid limit (LL) of 58.8 to 72.8, plastic limit (PL) of 24.6 to 30.1 and plasticity index (PI) of 35.5 to 45.8. They classify as inorganic clays of high plasticity (CH) according to USCS and as A-7-6 according to AASHTO classification systems. Plots of LL against PI show that the study clays are predominately illite with low presence of montmorillonite. The clays showed high specific gravity, which may be a reflection of their high iron content. This is an indication that the clay material is unsuitable for use as highway such as sub-base, base course and sub-grade materials and airfield pavement bases unless improved. Adequate road design and heavy compaction with necessary stabilization material will boost strength and stability of the clays for all purposes, especially as a base course material. Keywords: Clay, Effium, Ezeaku Formation, Ngbo, Southeastern Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-46 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502645 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.645 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/645 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150321.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:41-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yagoob Habibzadeh Title: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alleviation of Drought Stress on Grain Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean (Vigna Radiata L.) Plants Abstract: To investigate the effect of mycorrhizal fungi on reduction of drought stress on related grain yield and yield components of mungbean plants, a pot culture was conducted based on Randomized Completely Design with three replications in Urmia University in 2009. The experiment with four irrigation regimes (25, 50, 75 and 100 mm of evaporation from a class A pan) were assigned at the first factor and two mycorrhiza species; Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices and a non-inoculated treatment at the second factor. Results showed that in both mycorrhizae species significantly (P<0.05) increased the grain yield, so Glomus intraradices (4.29 g/plant) and Glomus mosseae (4.31 g/plant) had the highest grain yield. Non inoculated treatment had the lowest (2.64 g/plant) grain yield. The maximum (5.14 g/plant) and minimum (1.97 g/plant) grain yield achieved in irrigation after 25 and 100 mm evaporation from pan, respectively. With increasing water deficit stress decreased relative water content, pod length, seeds/pod, pods/plant and seeds/plant. Mycorrhizae colonization (r=0.72**), relative water content (r = 0.76**), pod length (r = 0.90**), seeds/pod (r = 0.74**), pods/plant (r = 0.71**) and Seeds/plant (r = 0.86**) had the positive correlation coefficients with grain yield. Also, results showed that mycorrhizae species affected grain yield of mungbean plants through their effect on pod length, seeds/pod, pods/plant and seeds/plant under well-watered and drought stress conditions. Keywords: Colonization, Drought stress, Grain yield, Mungbean, Mycorrhiza, Yield components Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-40 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502651 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.651 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/651 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150327.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:34-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arun Kumar Author-Name: Raj Bala Author-Name: Farida Bano Author-Name: Ranjit Kumar Author-Name: Mohammad Ali Title: Emblica Officinalis Protects Against Sodium Arsenite Induced Hepatotoxicity & Nephrotoxicity In Rats Abstract: Arsenic in the present times has caused lots of health hazards to humans. In developing countries like Bangladesh and India the high prevalence of contamination, the isolation and poverty of the rural population, and the high cost and complexity of arsenic removal systems have imposed a programmatic and policy challenge on an unprecedented scale. Although in India, Arsenic poisoning in ground water in Gangetic belt especially the districts adjoining the river Ganges right from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar to West Bengal are the major problem of concern as due to which major health related problems are arising. To combat the present problem, a pre-clinical study was done on Charles foster rats. They were treated with Sodium arsenite for 8 weeks to make arsenic model and upon these arsenic pretreated rats Emblica officinalis was administered for 4 weeks to study the antidote effects of this plant. The plant not only eliminated the effects of arsenic but also reversed the normal physiological activity in the animal by normalising the activity of liver and kidney. The present study concludes that this novel plant possesses hepato-protective as well as nephron-protective activity against arsenic induced toxicity. Keywords: Sodium Arsenite, Emblica Officinalis, Antidote Effect, Rats Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-55 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502652 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.652 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/652 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150328.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:47-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed A. Abd Ali Title: Study the Effect of the Alkaloid Compound Isolated from Leaves of Solanum Nigrum L. on Some Bacterial Isolates Abstract: Alkaloid compound was isolated the from Solanum nigrum L. leaf as crystal white greenish powder at (38c°). The chemical and physical properties were studies by using thin layer chromatography (TLC).IR-spectrum, Ultraviolet- visible spectrum, melting point(mp) .The Isolated alkaloid compound is shown high antibacterial activity against types of standard strains of bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain, and Escherichia coli NCTC 5933). Keywords: Solanum Nigrum L. Leaves, TLC, Alkaloid Compound, Antibacterial Activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503653 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.653 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/653 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150401.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wilson Onuigbo Author-Name: Gabriel Njeze Title: Lipomas In Inguinal Hernia In A Nigerian Community Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia is a common surgical problem but it can become problematic, when it exhibits some unusual contents. Aim: To highlight the occurrence of lipoma in hernia in a Nigerian community. Materials and methods: From 1977-1980, sacs which were excised during repair of inguinal hernias in the Igbos of South Eastern Nigeria were submitted to a Central Pathology Laboratory. They were studied by naked eye appearances and histologically. Results One hundred and thirty five inguinal hernia sacs were studied, out of which 113 were from males and 22 from females, i.e., a ratio of 6:1. Two sacs contained lipomas. Conclusion The presence of lipomas in inguinal hernia sacs is documented in a Nigerian community as an epidemiological contribution to the world literature. Keywords: Lipoma, Inguinal hernia sac, Igbos, epidemiology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-10 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502654 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.654 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/654 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:9-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Jerk and Hyperjerk in a Rotating Frame of Reference Abstract: Jerk is the derivative of acceleration with respect to time and then it is the third order derivative of the position vector. Hyperjerks are the n-th order derivatives with n>3. This paper describes the relations, for jerks and hyperjerks, between the quantities measured in an inertial frame of reference and those observed in a rotating frame. These relations can be interesting for teaching purposes. Keywords: Rotating frames, Physics education research Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-33 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502655 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.655 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/655 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150319.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:29-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Y. Madukwe Author-Name: Romanus A. Obasi Title: Classification, Maturity, Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Source-Area Weathering of the Ilubirin Stream Sediments, South West, Nigeria Abstract: Geochemical study on the Ilubirin stream sediments was carried out to infer their provenance, maturity, classification, enrichment, depletion, tectonic setting and source-area weathering. The sediments can be classified as ferromagnesian potassic, quartz arenites that are non-calcareous. The SiO2/Al2O3 index is high, meaning that the samples are mature, the Index of Compositional Variability also indicate that the sediments are mineralogically mature, while the Al2O3/(CaO+MgO+Na2O+K2O) ratio indicate that there are stable mobile oxides in the sediments. The plot of SiO2 versus Al2O3+ K2O+ Na2O shows that the sediments formed under semi-arid/arid conditions tending towards increasing chemical maturity. Al2O3 correlates positively with all the major oxides except SiO2, suggesting hydraulic fractionation and sorting. The negative linear trend between Al2O3 and SiO2 indicates that the major element composition of the stream sediments is controlled largely by the relative amount of quartz and feldspar versus clay minerals. The depletion of highly mobile Na. K and Ca elements is due to leaching during the formation of clay minerals during increased chemical weathering. The immobile Fe and the less mobile Mg elements were depleted while the immobile Ti was enriched; this suggest that they may are from a felsic source. The high TiO2/Fe2O3 ratios suggests concentration in the sediments of a heavy mineral phase containing Ti minerals such as ilmenite and rutile. The weathering indices (CIA, CIW, PIA and MIA) indicates a high degree of weathering of the source materials. The tectonic setting is the passive continental margin, while the provenance is the quartz-rich sediments of mature continental provenance, associated with a continental passive margin, intracratonic basins, or recycled orogenic provinces. Keywords: weathering, chemical maturity, provenance, felsic, tectonic setting Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-21 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503661 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.661 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/661 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150404.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:7-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: Analysis of a Play by Means of CHAPLIN, the Characters and Places Interaction Network Software Abstract: Recently, we have developed a software able of gathering information on social networks from written texts. This software, the CHAracters and PLaces Interaction Network (CHAPLIN) tool, is implemented in Visual Basic. By means of it, characters and places of a literary work can be extracted from a list of raw words. The software interface helps users to select their names out of this list. Setting some parameters, CHAPLIN creates a network where nodes represent characters/places and edges give their interactions. Nodes and edges are labelled by performances. In this paper, we propose to use CHAPLIN for the analysis a William Shakespeare’s play, the famous “Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”. Performances of characters in the play as a whole and in each act of it are given by graphs. Keywords: Literary experiments, Networks, Graph Visualization Software, Text Data Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-68 Volume: 4 Issue: 03 Year: 2015 Month: March Number: V4201502662 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.662 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/662 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150330.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:3:p:60-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: MABESSIMO Cléoface Landry Author-Name: Niu Shukui Title: Quantitative Approach of the Ecological Response of Six Species Vascular Plants along an Altitudinal Gradient in Dongling Forest Mountain (Beijing) Abstract: In the current climate change crisis, lack of detailed climate knowledge of the behavior of species and the distribution of their abundance, can be an obstacle on sustainable biodiversity conservation. The goal of our paper is to study the ecological behavior of species along an altitudinal gradient in order to predict their abundance. Six species of vascular plants, sampled in Dongling forest have been the subject of this study. The use of the Gaussian regression allowed calculating three ecological parameters including the optimum, tolerance and maximum, from which six distribution models have been designed; the expected model was the bell curve (Gaussian curve). Among the six species sampled, only Quercus liaotungensis reacted with the expected response to the abundance of its plants. Moreover, the species Acer mono, Betula platyphylla, Juglan mandshurica and Pinus tabuliformis have reacted with answers of parabola-shaped curves; However, Deutzia grandiflora was the only species to react with a totally different response of two other groups of species curve. However, the calculated ecological parameters allowed obtaining an equation for prediction of abundance for each species. Although species response curves to a gradient can take many forms, our results have highlighted that only one species reacts with the expected response. In view of the fragility of China's natural ecosystems, it is urgent that similar studies, on a large scale, can be conducted in order to determine the ecological behavior of a large number of species, to strengthen their capacity for management and conservation. Keywords: Vascular Plants, Abundance, Models, Prediction, Dongling Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-27 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503663 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.663 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/663 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Teshome Gemechu Author-Name: Tesfaye Amene Title: Review on Production, Husbandry and Sustainability of Free-Ranging Poultry Production Systems in Ethiopia Abstract: A review was undertaken to obtain the related research results and facts on production, husbandry and sustainability of free-range poultry production systems in Ethiopia with the aim of delivering synthesized and summarized information to the beneficiaries. Poultry production has a major role in poverty alleviation by means of income generation and household food security. Free-range chicken production is characterized by low input and output scavenging, with minimal investment in housing, feeding, watering and health care, and hence weak biosecurity, high off take rates and high mortality rates. The production system in Ethiopia is extensive and dominated by indigenous chickens that exhibit remarkable adaptation to local environments. Generally, it is concluded that, the free-range chicken production system offers many people the opportunity to improve their livelihoods, suggesting that improvement of chicken breeding, production environment, farmers’ access to inputs and markets needs to focus on the free-range chicken production system. Keywords: Free-range Poultry, Husbandry, Production, Sustainability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-34 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503664 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.664 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/664 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150406.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:28-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suleiman Iguda Ladan Title: Water Resource Management:dam Collapse and Its Impacts on Agric.production in Kankia,northern Nigeria Abstract: Water is an essential resource for all forms of life on the planet Earth. But only three per cent of water is fresh despite the fact that there are many users of the world’s fresh water. This makes it imperative to manage water resources especially in developing countries where there is high rate of population growth and large percentage of the population depend on agriculture as their source of livelihood. This paper examines loss of water resources through dam collapse and its implications on agricultural production in semi arid region of northern Nigeria. Data for the study were generated through field visit to the dam site to make observations on the collapsed dam and examine its impact on the local people and livestock. There were also field visit to another dam site about eight kilometers away where some of the farmers migrated. This was complemented with interview with the farmers, people of the area and snapping of pictures of the dams’ sites, farmland and gardens. The results have shown that the dam collapse led to loss of water resources which has implications such as destruction of farm lands, loss of dry season farming opportunities, loss of water and pasture for livestock, movement of livestock away and migration of some farmers to another dam site. This paper therefore recommends rehabilitation of the collapsed dam, periodic maintenance and timely release of excess water during the rainy season to effectively manage this water resource. Keywords: Water resources, Management, Dam collapse, Implications, Agricultural production Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-61 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201503665 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.665 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/665 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:55-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seyedeh Zeinab Salehi Author-Name: Seyed Ebrahim Jabarifar Author-Name: Marjan Babadi Borujeni Title: Evaluation of the Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Pulpotomy in Primary Molars using Formocresol, CEM Cement and Sodium Hypochlorite 5% Abstract: Aim: This in vitro study was carried out to assess the clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy in primary molars following the use of formocresol, sodium hypochlorite 5% (NaCOl) and Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM) cement. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 108 primary molars of 5-8 year old children who referred to the pediatric dentistry, Isfahan faculty of dentistry. The selected teeth were equally distributed and randomly assigned to 3 groups of formocresol, sodium hypochlorite and CEM cement. After taking the initial radiography, standard pulpotomy was carried out by using formocresol, CEM cement and sodium hypochlorite 5%, and the teeth were restored by Stainless Steel Crown (SSC). The clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at 6 and 12-month follow-ups. Data was analyzed by chi-square and Relative Risk statistical tests. Results: After 6 months, all (100%) of the pulpotomy medicaments were clinically successful. Also, there was no clinically significant difference between the results of primary molar pulpotomy in these 3 groups in the 1-year follow-up (p=0.129). There was not any significant difference between three groups in the first follow-up (p=0.364) and second follow-up (p=0.100). Conclusion: There was no significant difference among the success rates of the pulpotomy medicaments used in primary molars. Moreover, the clinical and radiographic success rates of NaOCl 5% and CEM cement were comparable to those of formocresol. Keywords: CEM Cement, Formocresol, Primary Dentition, Pulpotomy, Sodium Hypochlorite Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-40 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201503667 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.667 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/667 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V420150408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:35-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. M. Gberikon Author-Name: Agbulu C.O Author-Name: Adeoti I.I. Title: Single and Combined Effects of Antibacterial Activities of Fruit and Stem Bark Extracts of Tetrapleura Tetraptera on Streptococcus Mutans and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Abstract: Single and combined effect of the antibacterial activities of fruit and stembark extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera was carried out against Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Samples of T.tetraptera fruits were purchased in Wukari market, Taraba State. Stem bark samples were collected from Vandeikya, Benue State of Nigeria. Phytochemical analyses were carried out on both samples in the laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Agriculture, Makurdi. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, glycosides and reducing sugars in varying concentrations in fruit and stem bark samples. Antibacterial activity of extracts of fruit and stembark of Tetrapleura tetraptera singly and combined was studied against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus mutans. Results showed that extract of fruit of test plant gave an inhibition zone of 21.00mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 08.33mm against S. mutans . Extract of stem bark gave 12.00mm against S. mutans and no antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Combined extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruit and stembark showed antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa giving an inhibition zone of 16.67mm and S. mutans an inhibition zone of 10.33mm. There was significant difference (pË‚ 0.025) between the antibacterial effects of extracts of fruit and stem bark of Tetrapleura tetraptera singly and combined as shown in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentration of test organisms subjected to single and combined extracts of fruit and stem bark was 100mg/ml except for P.aeruginosa which showed that concentrations (mg/ml) of stem bark extract used singly was not enough to inhibit its growth, except the combined extract which inhibited its growth at 100mg/ml. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans Tetrapleura tetraptera, Phytochemicals flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, phlobatannins, anthraquinones, glycosides, reducing sugar, antibacterial, ethanolic, combined, single Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-49 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201504693 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.693 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/693 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201504693.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:46-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Teaching Physics during the 17th Century: Some Examples from the Works of Evangelista Torricelli Abstract: This paper is proposing some physics problems from a book, De Motu Gravium Naturaliter Descendentium, written by Evangelista Torricelli, physicist and mathematician best known for his invention of barometer, with the aim of showing how physics was taught in the Italian universities, those of Padua and Pisa for instance, during the 17th Century. Keywords: History of Physics, History of Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-58 Volume: 4 Issue: 04 Year: 2015 Month: April Number: V4201504694 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.694 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/694 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201504694.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:4:p:50-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lennox Josiah A. Author-Name: Mbim Elizabeth Author-Name: Uwamere Edeghor Title: Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at General Hospital Calabar, Cross River State Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Nigeria has remained a public health issue and a major cause of mortality especially in developing countries. Vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus infection is thought to be one of the major routes of transmission in developing countries. In spite of this, routine antenatal screening for hepatitis infection is not yet practiced in many Nigerian hospitals. This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the prevalence of HBsAg antibodies among women attending ante-natal clinic at General Hospital Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. A total of one hundred and fifty women were recruited for this study between January and March, 2012 and were screened for anti-HBsAg antibodies using the one step rapid HBsAg Test Kit (Hypertec. Diagnostic, Germany). The anti-HBsAg prevalence was determined to be 4% (6/150) with the highest prevalence (7.14%) recorded in pregnant women aged 26-30 years. The trimester related prevalence of HBsAg was highest (5.88%) among women on their 2nd trimester. Statistical analysis revealed that age and trimester were not statistically associated (P > 0.05) with HBsAg antibodies prevalence. The findings of high prevalence of HBsAg in antenatal women in their 2nd trimester during which the fetus undergo certain developmental processes possess high risk to the developing fetus. Keywords: HBV, Cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-13 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505697 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.697 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/697 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505697.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:10-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Regino Maldonado Author-Name: Yali Wen Author-Name: Carpenter Christopher Title: The Role of Forest Resources in the Performance of Community Forest Enterprise in Mexico: Analytical Framework from Competitive Strategy Abstract: The objective was to make an analytical framework to support the strategy and performance of the community forest enterprise. To do this, we used theoretical analysis of the contributions of the main theories of the firm. The new institutional economics the role of institutions in common were analyzed. The institutions of governance and property rights of the communities determine the organizational structure and incentives. The possibilities of exchange of production and efficiency of community forest enterprise. The enterprise aligns multiple objectives in the governance of the commons, and the strategy. Community forest enterprise´s strategy is based on the use and control of forest resources and engages simultaneously in vertical integration in so far as they mature management skills and production in general. The analysis of the literature suggests that the performance of the community forest enterprise is positive because they are not only profitable domestic market, but also contribute to poverty reduction and environmental protection. However, it has implications as pressure on forest resources, over-regulation of natural resources; individuals do not achieve the social optimum, and therefore high-risk domestic market and loss of competitiveness internationally. Keywords: Common-pool resources, Vertical integration, New institutional economics, Theory of the firm, Resource-based view, Structural theory Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-24 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505700 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.700 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/700 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505700.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:14-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Title: Improving Teaching and Learning of Glycolysis and Kerbs' Cycle Using Concept Mapping Technique Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of concept map to enhance academic performance of students in Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Sixty-three (63) second year students from Odorgonno Senior High School (OSSA) in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana were used for the study. A quasi-experimental design which combines both qualitative and quantitative with inclusion of participatory design was used to gather information from students’ concept maps (interventional tool used) on Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Closeness index technique designed by Goldsmith, Johnson and Acton (1991) was used to assess students’ concept maps. The outcome of the study disclosed high performance of students’ skills in concept map construction and a significant increase in students’ understanding of Glycolysis and Krebs cycle; concepts in tissue respiration. The study portrayed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores and this suggests that concept mapping is an effective tool that can enhance SHS students’ academic performance in Glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Keywords: Academic performance, Achievement levels, Senior High School (SHS), Concept mapping, Closeness index Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201505706 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.706 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/706 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506706.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Author-Name: L. Sarpong Title: Impact of Problem Game Learning (pgl) on College Student's Performance in Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals Abstract: This study is an inquisition to the outcome of Problem Game Learning using the Five Cores (PGL5C) of learning approach on Pre-service Teacher’s understanding in Atomic Orbital Hybridization at St. Joseph College of Education, Bechem in the Tano District of the Brong Ahafo Region in Ghana. The concepts were explained using either Conventional Activity-Based Learning (ABL) or the PGL5C. The objective was to find out whether the PGL5C approach could enhance students’ academic achievement better than the ABL approach that is mostly used as activity method of learning by some teachers. A design involving two cohorts assigned as Group A and B with a total population of 117 was used for the study. Group ‘A’ was the quasi-experimental group upon which the PGL5C approach was applied in teaching Atomic Orbital Hybridization whereas group ‘B’ was used as the control group that was taught using the Conventional ABL approach. Data gathered from both pre-interventional and post interventional test were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel, 2010 version. The pre-interventional test revealed that both groups lacked conceptual understanding of the subject matter even though they had been taught before by their teachers. The outcome of the analysis conducted on the post-interventional scores of the two cohorts (Experimental and Control groups) revealed that the experimental group achieved higher conceptual understanding than the control group. Hence, the PGL5C is a good teaching and learning approach for facilitating lessons in science, particularly in Chemistry. Keywords: PGL5C, Competition, Collaboration, Communication, Critical thinking, Creativity, Activity-Based Learning, learning Outcome, Evaluation Score, Total Number of Evaluation Scores and Winning Score Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-17 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201505707 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.707 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/707 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:10-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Title: Learning Cycle Approach (lca) for Effective Teaching and Learning of Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle Abstract: This study is an inquiry into the outcome of Learning Cycle Approach (LCA) on Senior High Students’ understanding of Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle at the Odorgonno Senior High School of the Ga South District in the Greater-Accra Region of Ghana. The two concepts were explained using either Conventional Teaching Approach (CTA) or Learning Cycle Approach (LCA). The investigation was to find out whether the LCA could enhance students’ academic achievement better than the CTA mostly used by some SHS Science teachers. A design involving two cohorts assigned as Group A and B with a total population of 80 was used for the study. Group ‘A’ was the quasi-experimental group upon which the LCA was applied in teaching glycolysis and the Krebs cycle whereas group ‘B’ was used as the control group taught using the CTA. Data gathered from both pre- and post-interventional tests were analysed using SPSS version 18. The pre-interventional test revealed that both groups lacked conceptual understanding of the processes involve in cellular respiration, particularly, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. The outcome of the analysis conducted on the post-interventional scores of the two cohorts revealed that the experimental group achieved higher conceptual understanding than the control group. Hence, the LCA is a good teaching and learning approach for facilitating lessons in glycolysis and the Kerbs cycle. Keywords: Krebs cycle, Glycolysis, SHS, Learning Cycle Approach (LCA), Conventional Teaching Approach (CTA) Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-26 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201505708 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.708 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/708 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:18-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raymond Lubem Tyohemba Author-Name: Simon Terver Ubwa Author-Name: Barnabas Atsinafe Oshido Author-Name: Qrisstuberg Msughter Amua Title: Proximate and Mineral Analysis of Some Wild Leafy Vegetables Common in Benue State, Middle Belt-nigeria Abstract: The proximate analysis and mineral composition of some commonly grown and consumed leafy vegetables in the middle belt region of Nigeria were studied to determine their nutritional content. They include Ficus thonningii, Annona senegalensis, Emilia coccinea and Hibiscus sabdariffa. The proximate analyses revealed the following range of result in the fresh sample; Moisture(62.32 -93.38%),Crude Fat( 0.05-0.71%), Crude Fibre (1.30-20.15%), Ash(1.06-2.37%), Crude Protein(0.03-0.33%),Carbohydrate (4.16 -15.12%)and Energy value (17.21 to 67.02 kJ/100g) while that for dried samples were Moisture(11.33-28.58%),Crude Fat(0.57-3.43%), Crude Fibre (10.51-36.86%),Ash(4.70-12.77%), Crude Protein(0.28-1.53%),Carbohydrate (33.11-62.11%) and Energy value(120.57 to 345.7 kJ/100g). There was no significant difference between the nutrient and mineral content of the studied vegetables. The wild vegetables contain appreciable amount of essential nutrient molecules and mineral elements needed for the maintenance of good nutritional status and thus can compete favourably with commonly consumed vegetables. Keywords: Proximate, Vegetables, Mineral analysis, Composition , Nutrient Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-29 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505709 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.709 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/709 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505709.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:25-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: V. M. Somsikov Title: The Dynamical Entropy Abstract: The concept of dynamic entropy (D-entropy), proposed in the mechanics of structured particles is discussed. D-entropy is defined as the relative increase in the internal energy of the system due to its motion energy in the inhomogeneous field of external force. D-entropy is determined completely from the motion equation of the system without any statistical laws. Comparison of D-entropy with thermodynamic entropy of Clausius, Boltzmann's entropy and Kolmogorov - Sinai entropy is performed. The numerical results calculations of the changes of the systems’ D-entropy consisting from the different numbers of elements during their motions into the non-homogeneous space are given. Areas of application D- entropy and the possibility of its use for the analysis of dynamic systems are discussed. Keywords: dynamics, entropy, irreversibility, classical mechanics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-36 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505712 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.712 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/712 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505712.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:30-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. U. Aguoru Author-Name: K. Akombor Author-Name: J.O. Olasan Title: Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Analysis of the Leaf, Stem Bark and Root of Bombax Ceiba (red Silk Cotton Tree) in North Central Nigeria Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical studies were carried out on the leaf, stem and root of Bombax ceiba. Aqueous and ethanolic extractions methods were adopted following standard procedures. Bioactive compounds were tested using standard methods of screening while quantification was done using gravimetric and spectroscopic approach. Result indicated the presence of saponnin, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids in the leaf. The leaf organ lacked reducing sugar, anthraquinone, steroids and glycosides in the ethanolic extract. The major active principles present in the leaf were absent in the stem except flavonoid and phlobatannins. The roots however contained only reducing sugar and saponins among the constituents screened. The leaf was made up of 5.04% saponnins, 0.18% steroids and 3.1% flavonoids. The saponnin content of the root was 1.37% and 1.04% respectively. The stem bark had 1.52% alkaloids. Based on this finding, the leaf is the most important organ of medicinal importance in terms of quality and quantity of bioactive compounds present. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine. Keywords: Bombax ceiba, Phytochemical, Leaf, Stem, Root, Quality, Quantity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-41 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505713 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.713 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/713 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505713.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:37-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osamu Takagi Author-Name: Masamichi Sakamoto Author-Name: Hideo Yoichi Author-Name: Hideyuki Kokubo Author-Name: Kimiko Kawano Author-Name: Mikio Yamamoto Title: Discovery of an Anomalous Non-contact Effect with a Pyramidal Structure Abstract: In 2013, we reported the existence of a meditator’s non-contact effect toward edible cucumber slices used as bio-sensors with which the meditator had no direct physical contact. In the present paper, we investigated the long-term change of this anomalous non-contact effect. We discovered that the effect is associated with a pyramidal structure. We also discovered with extremely high reliability a new phenomenon an "anomalous non-contact effect with a delay associated with a pyramidal structure" in which the meditator’s non-contact action creates a delayed effect over an extended period of time (10 or more days) after the non-contact action took place. We were able to approximate this anomalous non-contact effect with the delay by a mathematical formula describing a transient response phenomenon of the second order lag element system. Keywords: Meditator, Non-Contact Effect, Bio-Sensor, Cucumber, Pyramidal Structure, Delayed Effect Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-51 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505714 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.714 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/714 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505714.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:42-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erdinç SIKTAR Author-Name: Elif SIKTAR Author-Name: Yavuz AKKUS Title: The Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Melatonin on Ca Activity in Rats Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Aerobic exercise and Melatonin on carbonic anhydrase activity in rats. In this study, 24 healthy Spraque Dawley male rats, weighing 250–300 g, 4–6 months of age were used. The rats were divided into four equal groups. C; (Control Group), M; (Melatonin Group), E; (Exercise Group), ME, (Melatonin-Exercise Group). The exercise groups (n:12) were run for endurance training at 23oC. The exercise was caried out 6 days a week for 4 weeks.The intensity of endurance training was gradually increased during four weeks. A standard mild electric shock deterrent was used intermittently when necessary to coerce the rats to run. At the end of the fourth week, rats were killed by decapitation on each training day. According to the result of this study, the level of carbonic anhydrase decreases in control, melatonin and “exercise groups and melatonin decreases significantly in exercise group. As a result, it can be said that melatonin and exercise reduces the level of CA in mechanisms related to O2 consumption and CO2 production in organism by having an organizer role. Keywords: Melatonin, Carbonic anhydrase, Aerobic Exercise, Rat Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-56 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505717 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.717 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/717 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505717.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:52-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Monaliben Shah Author-Name: Shasi B Sharma Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Biogenic Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using the Leaf Extract from Eucalyptus Macrocarpa Abstract: The present work presents the results of a straightforward, no-toxic and eco-friendly process for the green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract from Eucalyptus macrocarpa. The process was conducted at room temperature (24 °C) with the leaf extract acting as both reducing agent and stabilising agent. Particle formation was monitored during synthesis using UV-visible spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of metal nanoparticles. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to determine and confirm particle size and morphology. Keywords: gold, silver, nanoparticles, green biosynthesis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-33 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201505719 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.719 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/719 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506719.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:27-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: An Image Processing Approach Based on Gnu Image Manipulation Program Gimp to the Panoramic Radiography Abstract: We have recently proposed, in a paper published by the International Journal of Sciences, the use of some freely available image processing tools to enhance images of the fundus of the eye. In particular, we have discussed the use of GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, and of some wavelet filters and fractional gradient methods from other image processing programs. Here we propose GIMP to enhance the images given by panoramic radiography. This approach can produce an output image, which helps detecting faint details in such radiographic plates, which are quite important for dental treatments. Some case studies are discussed. Keywords: Image processing, Medical imaging, Panoramic Radiography, GIMP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-67 Volume: 4 Issue: 05 Year: 2015 Month: May Number: V4201505721 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.721 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/721 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201505721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:5:p:57-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adewumi A. A Author-Name: Idowu E. O. Author-Name: Adeniji A. A. Title: A Survey of the Ichtyofauna of Ogbese River, South West, Nigeria Abstract: An investigation into the icthyofauna of Ogbese River, south west, Nigeria, was carried out between October 2010-February 2011. A total of 2,700 individual were caught during the study. Nine (9) species belonging to six (6) families were recorded during the period of study. However, six (6) species [Clarias gariepinus; (410), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (508), Oreochromis niloticus (508), Oreochromis niloticus (410), Mormyrus rume(227), Mormyrus macrophythamus (221) and Malapterurus electricus(341)], were dominant specie, Hepsetus odoe and Parachanna obscura were sub-dominant, while Tilapia zillii was rare. Claridae, followed by Mormyridae and Cichlidaewere the most dominant families (33.99%; 16.58%; 15.62%), while Hepsitidae, Channidae and Malapteruridae were sub-dominant. The highest percentage of relative abundance of the various fish species was recorded in October while the least was recorded in February 2011. The results of this survey showed that the river has low fish species composition and abundance, inspite of the size of the river. Considering this fact, there is need for further survey to cover more months. There is also a need to evolve strategies for effective utilization and proper management of the river, for optimum fish production. Keywords: Parachanna Obscrura, Diversity, Mormyridae, Abundance, Resources Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201506726 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.726 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/726 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507726.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oguzhan YOLCU Author-Name: Recep KÜRKÇÜ Title: Evaluating the Physical and Physiological Properties of 11-13 Years Old Students in the Primary School Teams by Comparing to the Students Who Takes the Physical Education Lessons Abstract: 20 students, avarage age is 11,55 ± 1,43 years, doing regular exercise in the Yunus Emre Pirmary School football team and 15 students, avarage age is 11,93 ± 0,59 years, who don’t do regular exercise but take compulsory physical educatıon lessons in the same school, totally 35 male students have taken part as volunteers in the study in order to identify the the physical and physiological effects of the exercises applied to 11-13 years old students in the primary school team. Group’s age, height, weight, the number of rest heart beat, (RHB) systolic blood pressure,(SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) measures, vital capasity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expirasyon volume (FEV1) and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), 20 meters run, right (RHG) and left hand grip strength (LHG) have been measured. The data has been searched on the PC using the SPSS 22.0 statistics program by the t-test method for the groups avarage variation independent, with p<0,05, p<0,01 percent level. It has been found out that there are no meaningful differences between the groups with the age, height, weight, (SBP), (RHG) and(LHG) strength amounts. It has been found out that there are meaningful differences between the amounts of (p>0,05). The number (RHB), (DBP), (MVV), 20 meters run values (p<0,05), VC, FVC, FEV1 (p<0,01) significant differences were determined. As a result ; it has been found that VC, FVC, FEV1 amounts are higher than the respiration amount while the rest heart beat, diastolik blood pressure and 20 meters run amount of students in school team are lower than the students who don’t do exercise. Keywords: Primary Scool Students, School Team, Circulation, Respiration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-37 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506727 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.727 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/727 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506727.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:34-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shima Shahverdi Author-Name: Hamid reza Saremi Author-Name: Mohammad Hadiyanpour Title: Analyzing of Distribution, Standars and Percapita in Urban Green Space (Case Study: Boroujerd City) Abstract: Green urbanism probably contains the most similar ideas with sustainable urbanism. They both emphasize on urban design with nature, as well as shaping better communities and lifestyles. However, the principles of green urbanism are based on the triple-zero frameworks: zero fossil-fuel energy use, zero waste, and zero emissions. Sustainable Urbanism, on the other hand, is more focused on designing communities that are walk able and transit-served so that people will prefer to meet their daily needs on foot. In this research has been studied urban green space development process in Boroujerd city. Also, the aim of research, is achieving sustainable city. This study is applied and the research method is" descriptive – analytical". Also data collected is documents and field. In order to analyzing of data, was used spearman correlation and Bahram Soltani method .The findings show, percapita of green space isn’t well and far from with global standards. So, should be attempted in this issue. At finally was proposed percapita based on Bahram Soltani method. Keywords: Urban Green Space, Percapita, Bahram soltani method, Boroujerd city Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201506728 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.728 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/728 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512728.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. M. Gberikon Author-Name: C. U. Aguoru Author-Name: D. Yandev Title: Incidence of Schistosoma Haematobium and Trichomonas Vaginalis Among Occupational Status of Patients Attending Some Selected Hospitals in Gboko, Benue State of Nigeria Abstract: Investigations were carried out to ascertain the incidence of urinary parasitic infections caused by T.vaginalis and S.haematobium among patients attending selected hospitals in Gboko Local Government area of Benue State, Nigeria. Four major hospitals namely Division hospital, Myom hospital, General hospital and Mkar hospital all in Gboko were assessed. A total number of 400 urine samples (100 from each hospital) were aseptically collected for microscopic preparations and analyses. Data were analysed and presented using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In Division Hospital Gboko, 22% of the patients were infected with T.vaginalis while 9% were infected with S.haematobium. In Myom Hospital Gboko, 9% were infected with T.vaginalis while 12% were infected with S.haematobium. Mkar Hospital Gboko recorded 4% cases of infection with T.vaginalis while 6% were infected with S.haematobium with a case of co-infection. General Hospital Gboko recorded the highest number of infection cases with 26% T.vaginalis , 41% S.haematobium and 9% co-infection . Based on occupational status from combined data, farmers recorded the highest prevalence of 8.5% (T.vaginalis) and 6.25% (S.haematobium), followed by students and entrepreneurs Combined data from the four hospitals using a population size of 400 patients in Gboko Local Government, the total prevalence rate of infection caused by T.vaginalis was 15.25% and S.haematobium 17%, co-infection was prevalent at 2.5%. Statistically, there was no significant levels of associations between urinary tract infections and occupational status of patients with 95% confidence limit. This work has therefore revealed that farmers have high incidence rates of infections caused by T.vaginalis and S.haematobium due to their educational background and exposure. Hence, the need for an enlightenment program for this category of people attending different hospitals in Gboko Local Government area. Keywords: T.vaginalis , S.haematobium, occupation, infection Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 38-43 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506730 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.730 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/730 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506730.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:38-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. M. Manyi Author-Name: J. T. Akaahan Author-Name: E.T. Azua Title: Relationship Between Weather Parameters and Female Mosquito Abundance and Distribution in Makurdi - a Mosquito Infested Area in North Central Nigeria Abstract: The relationship between weather parameters and female mosquito populations/distribution were determined in Makurdi from four localities over a 12-month period. Data on temperature, rainfall and relative humidity were obtained using the expertise of the Nigerian Meteorological Agency at the Tactical Air Command headquarters in Makurdi. Adult female mosquitoes (4,320), comprising anophelines and culicines were caught indoors and identified using standard keys and procedures. 1,040 (24.1%) were Anopheles gambiae sl; 641 (14.8%) were Aonpheles funestus; 2,418 (56.0%) were Culex quinquefasciatus while 221(5.1%) were ‘unidentified’ Anopheles species. Mean atmospheric temperature was high throughout the study period with peaks in February and March, before the steady rains in April. Mean temperature in the hottest period (February to April) ranged from 35.20C - 38.20C. Relative humidity was proportional to rainfall and ranged from 44% - 86%. Wet seasons had more mosquito vectors than the dry season. Pearsons’s correlation showed a significant negative relationship (P < 0.05) between temperature and the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes for all the other species except for Anopheles funestus (P > 0.05). Similarly, there were significant positive correlations (P < 0.05) between both rainfall and relative humidity, and the abundance of the other mosquito species in the study area excluding Anopheles funestus (P > 0.05). Regression showed strong linear relationships (R2 = 0.557, 0.549, and 0.637 for temperature, rainfall and humidity respectively) between weather parameters and mosquito population. This work provides baseline data on mosquito vector relationship with weather factors required for vector population control interventions in Makurdi. Keywords: Humidity, Rainfall, Temperature, Female Mosquitoes, Makurdi, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-54 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506733 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.733 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/733 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:44-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suresh Babu M.C. Author-Name: Govind Babu.K Author-Name: Lakshmaiah KC Author-Name: Lokanatha D Author-Name: Premalatha C.S. Author-Name: Suma MN Author-Name: Rajeev LK Author-Name: Linu Jacob Abraham Author-Name: Lokesh KN Author-Name: Rudresha AH Author-Name: Sunny Garg Author-Name: Vishwanath Sathyanarayanan Title: Head and Neck Lymphomas: Tip of the Iceberg? Abstract: Background: Lymphomas comprise around 5% of all head and neck neoplasms and is the second most common extra nodal non hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However there is sporadic data on this entity from the subcontinent and hence we undertook this study. Methodology: This retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care oncology center in India on diagnosed cases of NHL between January 2007 and December 2013. All patients were diagnosed based on histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Staging work up was done in all patients. Patients were considered as primary Head and Neck lymphomas if there was head and neck as the predominant site with or without regional lymph node involvement. Results: A total of 39 patients were studied. The age at presentation ranged from 29 to 78 years. The most common site of presentation was oral cavity (26%; n=10), followed by parotid and thyroid (18% each; n=7), eye (12%, n=5), maxilla (8%; n=3), paranasal sinuses (8%; n-=3) cheek (8%, n=3), and nasal cavity (2%, n=1). 41% (n=16) cases were in stage I, 43% (n=17) in stage II, 3% (n=1) in stage III, and 13% (n=5) were in stage IV. Most common histology was DLBCL (71%; n=28), followed by plasmablastic (10%; n=4), marginal zone (8%, n=3), mantle cell (3%; n=1), follicular lymphomas (5%; n=2), and NK/T cell lymphoma (3%; n=1). Most of the patients were of low risk (67%; n=26), followed by intermediate (23%; n=9), and high risk (10%; n=4). Patients were treated with anthracycline based chemotherapy +/- radiotherapy. In this study, stage I and stage II patients had a better prognosis and overall survival, median OS 28 months and 11 months, respectively. In stage III and IV, it was 7 and 3 months, respectively. According to site, the best median overall survival was seen with parotid (27 m), paranasal sinus (26m), and oral cavity (23 m), followed by thyroid (18 m) nasal cavity (17 m), maxilla (11 m), eye (8 m), and cheek (7 m). Conclusions: Head and neck lymphoma is probably the tip of the iceberg and is an undereported entity. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-10 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201506737 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.737 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/737 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507737.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:6-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ibadullayeva S Author-Name: Hilal Gasimov Author-Name: Melahat Gahramanova Author-Name: Peymana Zulfugarova Author-Name: Leman Novruzova Title: Medico - Ethnobotanical Inventory (Liver and Gallbladder Ducts Illnesses) of Nakhchivan AR, Azerbaijan Abstract: Wide explanation on biomorphological, eco-biological and usage perispectives of herbs used in wild flora for liver and gallbladder ducts illnesse of azerbaijan people have been given in the article. At the same time, spreading area of the species, synonims, gathering period, national, traditional and scientific medicine, chemical compositions, pharmological influences and treatment directions are intoduced. Keywords: traditional medicine, ethnobotany, herbs, phytoteraphy, liver and gallbladder ducts illnesses Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-88 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506739 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.739 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/739 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506739.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:80-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suleiman Iguda Ladan Title: Assessing Security Threats Posed by Ruma/kukar Jangarai Forest Reserve to Batsari Lga Katsina State, Nigeria Abstract: There are several know cases of forests serving as camping sites for rebel or insurgents groups that launch attacks on government forces or the local people. In the continent of Africa not only forests but even forest reserves and national parks were strong holds of rebels, insurgents or other groups engage in launching attacks. This paper assesses the security threats posed by Ruma/Kukar Jangarai forest reserve to Batsari local government area Katsina State. Data for the study were generated from field visits, field observation and interview with the local people some of who are affected by the insecurity situation. The results indicated five main threats posed by the forest reserve and the people responsible for creating the threats. The results also indicate that the attacks were on weekly basis and the valuables lost include human lives, money in cash, cattle, women and girls. There are however responses from the security agents and the local people towards overcoming the threats which have not effective towards eliminating the threats. It is therefore recommended urgent and decisive measures should be taken by the new government in Katsina State towards overcoming the threats posed by the forest reserve to Batsari local government area. Keywords: Assessing, security, threats, posed, forest reserve Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-71 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506740 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.740 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/740 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:62-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Le Xuan Sinh Author-Name: Le Van Nam Author-Name: Luu Van Dieu Author-Name: Cao Thi Thu Trang Author-Name: Nguyen Thi Phuong Hoa Author-Name: Tran Duc Thanh Title: Assessment of Pollution Load into Thi Nai Lagoon, Viet Nam and Prediction to 2025 Abstract: Based on the statistical data of social-economic state and development planning to 2025 of Binh Dinh province, the pollution load from development activities has been calculated by using the environmental rapid assessment method. The results showed that development activities in Binh Dinh province create about 30.7, thousand tons of COD;17.1 thousand tons of BOD; 9.1 thousand tons of Nitrogen; 6.5 thousand tons of Phosphorous and 379 thousand tons of TSS from living activities, aquaculture, industry, farming and land leaching. Until 2025, this amount will be increased 1.4 - 2.6 times. The main pollution sources are from living activities including residents and tourists and livestock farming. Therefore, treatment of waste from these sources is very necessary to minimize the waste amount discharged into the Thi Nai Lagoon. Keywords: Pollution Load, Pollution Sources, Aquacuture, Indutry, Living Wastewater, Wastewater Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 116-127 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506741 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.741 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/741 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506741.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:116-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ABDULRAHEEM Ibraheem Shola Author-Name: Adeoye Adegboye Title: Polypharmacy in the Elderly: the Need for Concern and Strategies for its Control Abstract: In the last three decades, problems related to aging, multi-morbidity, and polypharmacy have become a prominent issue in global healthcare. In this study, Polypharmacy is defined as a concomitant use of five or more drugs simultaneously and/or the administration of more medications than are clinically indicated, representing unnecessary drug use. The purpose of this study was to describe and quantify the magnitude of polypharmacy, analyze the factors associated with this practice among elderly and suggest control measures for its reduction. Other objectives include creating awareness about the risks of multiple drug use in ageing population and propose practical recommendations/interventions regarding rational drug use for elderly age groups. Materials for this study were obtained from a search of the MEDLINE database and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts to identify articles in people aged 60 years and above. A combination of the search terms like polypharmacy, multiple medications, polymedicine, elderly, geriatric, and aged were used. This study found out that polypharmacy is a common problem and a known risk factor for important morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Many medications are associated with negative health outcomes, but more research is needed to delineate the consequences associated with unnecessary drug use in elderly patients. Health care professionals should be aware of the risks associated with polypharmacy and fully evaluate all medications at each patient visit in order to prevent polypharmacy from occurring. Keywords: Polypharmacy, Elderly, Strategies, Concern, Control Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-18 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201506745 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.745 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/745 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:11-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. G. El-Sherif Author-Name: S. B. Gad Author-Name: A. M. Khalil Author-Name: Rabab H. E. Mohamedy Title: Effect of Five Organic Soil Amendments on Meloidogyne Incognita Infecting Tomato Plants under Greenhouse Conditions Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted in order to study the impact of time application of four animal manures i.e. chicken, horse, farm-yard and pigeon manures and town refuse added separately either pre or post planting treatments comparing to oxamyl on tomato plant cv. Castle Rock infected with M. incognita under greenhouse conditions (25±3oC). Results revealed that all tested materials clearly enhanced plant growth characters to great degree and reduce gall and eggmass numbers. Plant receiving pigeon manure as pre-planting or post planting applications at the level of 5g/plant obviously surpassed other tested animal manures and town refuse in the increment values of plant length (85.7 and 71.4%), total plant fresh weight (66.4 and 37.9%) number of flowers (100 and 100%), fruits (300 and 400%), and branches/plant(100 and 300%) and shoot dry weight (42.9 and 38.1%), as well as achieved the highest reduction percentage for number of root galls(89.1 and 81.5 %), eggmasses (90 and 84.2%), for pre or post planting applications, respectively followed by farm-yard manure where as chicken treatment as a pre-planting soil amendments exhibited the lesser values in this respect. All treatments obviously gave sizeable percentage increase values of nitrogen (N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), organic matter(O.M), and organic carbon(O.C) in leaves of tomato plant. The pigeon or chicken manures showed also very narrow C/N ratio (12.6:1) or (14.3:1), respectively, in this work. Among the tested materials, pigeon manure ranked first in percentage increase values of chemical components of leaves as pre-planting application, whereas chicken manure showed this position as post-planting treatment. Keywords: Chicken, Horse, Farm-Yard , Pigeon , Manures , Town Refuse, Meloidogyne Incognita, Control, Tomato Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 128-138 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506748 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.748 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/748 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506748.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:128-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oupa Ntwampe Author-Name: F.B. Waanders Author-Name: E. Fosso-Kankeu Author-Name: Bunt J.R. Title: Turbidity Removal Efficiency of Clay and a Synthetic af-PACl Polymer of Magnesium Hydroxide in AMD Treatment Abstract: In this study five 200 mL acid mine drainage (AMD) samples were treated with 5g clay (bentonite) alone or mixed with 0.1 M Al3+ in AlCl3 and 0.1 M Mg 2+ in Mg(OH)2 polymer. The AMD samples were poured into five 500 mL glass beakers and dosed with 5 g/L of clay in a jar test, (250 rpm for 2 minutes and reduced to 100 rpm for 10 minutes) and the samples were allowed to settle for 1 hour after which the pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation reduction potential (ORP) were measured. In the next step, 200 mL of the supernatant was poured into five 500 mL glass beakers and dosed with a af-PACl (acid-free polyaluminiumchloride) polymer of 0.1 M Al3+ in AlCl3, mixed with 0.1 M Mg2+ in Mg(OH)2, and treated in a similar manner in a jar test, settled for 1 hour, after which similar measurements were conducted, depicted as experiment (A). Another similar set of experiments was conducted, where the AMD sample was dosed with a polymer of 5 g of clay, 0.1 M Al3+ in AlCl3 and 0.1 M Mg(OH)2 in a jar test. Similar measurements were conducted after 1 hour of settling, depicted as experiment (B). The results showed that the addition of the clay to the AMD sample as a reagent (A) or a polymeric component (B) does not affect the turbidity removal, but the rate of hydrolysis (pH changing pattern) and ORP are affected. The experimental results showed that there is a correlation between the ORP and the pH, and also showed that oxidation takes place during the destabilization-hydrolysis process. The results also showed that the conductivity plays a role during the destabilization-hydrolysis process, i.e. correlation between changing rate of the conductivity and the turbidity. Keywords: mixing, disperse, turbidity, multivalent, pH, turbidity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 88-104 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201506757 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.757 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/757 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509757.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:88-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Gimp Retinex for Enhancing Images from Microscopes Abstract: We recently proposed in the International Journal of Sciences the use of GIMP, the GNU Image Manipulation Program, for enhancing the panoramic radiographic images. One of its tools, the Retinex filter, revealed itself quite suitable for detecting weak features hidden in the shadows of these radiographic images. Here we show that this filter, besides being relevant for medical and biologic imaging, can be helpful for enhancing the images coming from microscopy techniques related to other scientific investigations. Keywords: GIMP Retinex, Image Processing, Medical Imaging, Biologic Imaging, Panoramic Radiography, Radiographic Imaging, Kerr Microscopy, Magneto-Optic Kerr Effect, Polarized Light Microscopy, Liquid Crystals, Scanning Electron Microscopy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 72-79 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506758 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.758 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/758 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506758.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:72-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oyewole C.I Title: Climate Change: Mitigating Effects of Climate Change by Evolving Sustainable Agricultural System in Nigeria Abstract: This paper explore how we arrived where we are, pointing out the role of energy utilization (to drive development) in climate change complications, emphasizing that this single need possess difficulties in the reversal processes. It also emphasizes time factor required to achieve ‘environmental healing’ process, thus postulating mitigation processes within the short or long run, as the case may be, alongside attempts to cut down on Carbon emission. The paper calls for urgent need to provide cropping strategies that will both mitigate challenges pose by climate change as well as be acceptable, affordable and practicable within limits of available farmers’ resources. Noting that concerns on issues that bother on climate change are global and real and more so in Africa, where most farmers are desperately poor, often at the mercy of weather elements and where bulk of crop husbandry is rain fed and subsistence production is the norm. It observed that as communities try to adjust to the challenges of their local climate, they are becoming more aware of the local peculiarities in observed climatic elements. Such peculiarities make universal mitigation processes difficult to achieve. Thus, any drastic change in weather elements will have a reciprocal effect on agricultural activities. The paper pointed out that of recent climate change is posing new challenges for Africa’s efforts at attaining food security as it threatens its food baskets as rain falls become more unpredictable and irrational. It concluded that whilst farmers in some regions may benefit from longer growing seasons and higher yields, the general consequences for Africa are expected to be adverse, and particularly so for the poor and the marginalized, who do not have the means to withstand drastic changes, thus the need to do something about their cropping systems. Keywords: Agriculture, Climate Change, Cropping Systems, Poverty, Crop Mixtures And Subsistence Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-115 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506759 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.759 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/759 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506759.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:105-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. Alghamdi Title: Creating Sentiment Corpora from Microblogging Using Machine Learning Abstract: This paper describes our work-in-progress implementation of a system to create microblogging sentiment corpora. We developed a smart phone application that aims to create microblogging lexical resources which can be used for sentient analysis. Our proposed approach to machine learning is to use active learning which aims to make the process of resource creation more effort and time efficient. Active learning helps us identify instants that if labeled will improve our sentiment analyser. Microblogging, on the other hand, reduces the cost of creating the resources. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 89-91 Volume: 4 Issue: 06 Year: 2015 Month: June Number: V4201506760 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.760 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/760 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201506760.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:6:p:89-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Griffin T. Johnston Title: The Use of Naturopathy as Adjuvant to Traditional Medicine Abstract: Alternative medicines have long offered opportunities for patients and doctors to treat illness. While many doctors and patients are uncomfortable with alternative medicines the use of non-traditional therapies has never been more popular. Being uncomfortable with alternative medicines can result from traditional doctors receiving little training in those fields and that patients have a difficult time finding quantifiable data on treatments resulting from the lack of funding for research into these fields1. Naturopathic medicine is one of the many forms of alternative medicine. It is a distinct primary care profession that focusses on several principles in order to care for patients. Naturopathic medicine should be promoted as an adjuvant therapy but not as a true replacement to modern medicine. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-20 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201506762 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.762 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/762 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507762.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:19-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. M. Manyi Author-Name: A. A. Dechi Author-Name: A. I. Kwaghbo Title: Studies on the Incrimination Rates of two Minor Vectors - Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus Complexes in the Transmission of Bancroftian Filariasis in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria Abstract: Studies on the roles of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus complexes in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Makurdi, Nigeria across four localities: High-level, Wurukum, North- bank and Wadata were undertaken from July, 2011 to June, 2012. 1,681 adult female mosquitoes were identified and dissected with the aid of standard keys and procedures to determine their incrimination rates with microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti. 1,040 (61.87%) of these were Anopheles gambiae sensu lato while 641 (38.13%) were Anopheles funestus. The results showed a significant difference ( between the mosquito species and their abundance. The overall microfilarial incrimination rate was 5.77% (97/1,681); Anopheles gambiae s.l. was more incriminated (3.57%) than Anopheles funestus (2.20%). The incrimination rates differed significantly ( between the two mosquito species surveyed. ANOVA also showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in the microfilarial incrimination rates across the localities and seasons: North-bank locality had the highest microfilarial incrimination rate of 17.23% while mosquitoes from High level, Wurukum and Wadata localities had similar incrimination rates of 3.94%, 3.93% and 3.79% respectively. These rates were higher during the dry season than the wet period. The results revealed potential risk of lymphatic filariasis transmission among residents of Makurdi, since the two Anopheles vectors effectively harboured microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in their salivary glands. However, determination of microfilarial infection rates in human population is recommended in the study area. The results of the present investigation may provide entomological baseline data required for both present and future implementation of vector/disease control interventions in Makurdi Keywords: Anopheles funestus, Anopheles gambiae, Incrimination, microfilarial infection, Makurdi, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V4201506763 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.763 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/763 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201605763.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: NDOUTORLENGAR Médard Author-Name: TAMTIAL Ngariban Author-Name: DAOUYA Philémon Title: Peasants of Tropical Africa Face the Challenges of Agricultural Produce Markets (Case Study of the Self-Managed Market of Cotton in Chad) Abstract: Many African countries are famous suppliers of the agricultural produce consumed throughout the world. But they are far to control the markets of these products most often established and decided out of the continent (HARSAH E al, 1994). It results from this a dysfunction to the system of production felt as well by the companies than the producers. Such is the case of Chad through the production of cotton where the difficulties of company COTONTCHAD involve socio-economic changes in the producing rural areas of cotton. On the basis of investigations, interrogations and direct observations, this article makes an analyze of new self-managed market to understand the difficulties of the producers in the context of this market. The establishment of producers typologies permitted to apprehend, according to geographical space and of categories of the producers, the changes generated by the cotton crisis. Keywords: Chad, Cotton-Peasant-Market-self-managed Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-27 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201507764 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.764 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/764 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507764.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:21-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. O. Adejumo Author-Name: Adejoro D. O. Title: Assessment of Bacteria, Fungi and Protozoa in Three Theobroma Cacao Soils in Ondo State, Nigeria Abstract: The microbial community of 3 cocoa soils in Ondo State, Nigeria was investigated. Fourteen bacterial isolates, 8 fungi and 9 protozoa were obtained. The bacteria include Actinomyces sp., Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium sp., Lactobacillus sp., Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Streptomyces sp. The fungi were Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium sp., Penicillium sp., Phytopthora palmivora, Phytophthora spp., Rhizopus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Trichoderma spp. and Alternaria sp., while the protozoa include Balantiophorus, Biomyxa spp, Bodo spp, Colpoda spp, Tetramitus spp, Naegleria spp and Uroleptus spp. Differences in population of the microorganisms in the 3 soils might be due to environmental factors of the fields, and this might account for the quantity and species of microorganisms obtained. The determination microorganism in cocoa fields is crucial as it may be exploited for the control of black pod disease, which is presently one of the most important diseases affecting cocoa production in south western Nigeria. Keywords: Cocoa, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Ondo State, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201507768 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.768 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/768 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. B. Gad. Author-Name: Sergany M. I Title: Efficacy of Pre-Planting Herbicides on Meloidogyne Incognita Infecting Okra Plant under Greenhouse Conditions Abstract: A pot experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the efficacy of four pre-planting herbicides i.e. Amex 48%, Atrazine, Nitrofen and Stomp 5% in comparison with Oxamyl on Meloidogyne incognita infecting okra plant cv Hyper Doki 1 under greenhouse conditions (25±5 ºC). It was evident that all tested pesticides improved plant growth parameters and reduced nematode with various grades. Atrazien overwhelmed other treatments in improving plant growth parameters for plant length (19.84%), whole plant fresh weight (29.32%) and shoot dry weight (66.03%), respectively, followed by Nitrofen for the same plant criteria with values of 15.53, 21.67 and 59.86%, respectively. Moreover, Oxamyl as a nematicide showed extensive values in improving plant growth criteria and ranked first in suppressing nematode population density in soil, galls and eggmass numbers. Atrazine accomplished the reasonable reduction percentage in nematode population density in soil followed by that of Amex 48% application with value of 25.27%. There was no significant differences between the values of RGI and EI indices which achieved equal values with those of nematode alone(4). Keywords: herbicides, amex, atrazine, nitrofen, stomp, nematode, okra, Meloidogyne Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-87 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201507769 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.769 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/769 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509769.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:83-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatima Pereira de Souza Author-Name: Fernanda Paulin Benzatti Author-Name: Ícaro P. Caruso Author-Name: Thiago Salem Pançonato Teixeira Author-Name: Fábio Rogério Moraes Author-Name: Fernando Alves de Melo Author-Name: Luiz Claudio Di Stasi Author-Name: Marinônio Lopes Cornélio Author-Name: Marcelo Andres Fossey Title: Investigation of the Interaction between Coumarins and Its Derivatives with Human Serum Albumin: STD-NMR, Fluorescence and Docking Molecular Studies Abstract: In this paper, binding interaction of Coumarin, including 4-Methylesculetin, Esculetin and Esculin, with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by using STD-NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular docking method. STD-NMR investigations indicated that the binding affinity sequence for HSA-ligands interaction was: 4-Methyllesculetin >Esculetin>Coumarin>Esculinbeingin accordance with the fluorescence studies. The molecular docking resultssuggested that coumarins and its derivatives were binding to HSA at subdomain IIA, nearby the Trp214 residue, which are consistent with the results of fluorescence quenching results. Overall, the experimental and theoretical data corroborate with each other and they are complementary. Keywords: Coumarins and their derivatives, Human Serum Albumin, STD-NMR, fluorescence quenching, docking molecular Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-11 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V4201507777 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.777 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/777 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602777.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:1-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oguzhan YOLCU Author-Name: Recep KÜRKÇÜ Title: The Evaluatıon of the Athlete's Injury Cases who Make Trampoline Gymnastic at Denmark Ollerup Gymnastic High School Abstract: In this study, it is aimed to determine and inquire the reasons of the injuries of gymnasts at Ollerup gymnastic high school in Denmark and to make the institutions, athletes and trainers aware of the subject. The sample of the study consists of 30 male and 9 female gymnasts whose ages are 20,87±1,86 and who are trained at Ollerup gymnastic high school. The injury cases of the gymnasts are determined through 24 questions information and questionnaire form. The %47,3 of the gymnasts participated in the research told that their injuries were on their feet and ankles whereas %16,4 was at lower back. The types of the injuries are %36,4 twist, %18,2 tension. The reasons of the injuries are %43,6 overload, %14,5 mental factors and %27,3 other unknown reasons. When the treatment method in the recovery period considered rest covers %41,8 and physiotherapy covers %32,7 of the period. As a result of the study, it is thought that the study is useful to determine and inquire the reasons of the injuries of the gymnasts, to decrease the number of injuries and to find out precautions for the injuries and to make the institutions, athletes and trainers aware of the subject. Keywords: Tumbling Gymnastics, Teamgym, Sport Injuries Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 78-82 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201507783 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.783 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/783 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:78-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: A Historical Discussion of Angular Momentum and its Euler Equation Abstract: We propose a discussion of angular momentum and its Euler equation, with the aim of giving a short outline of their history. This outline can be useful for teaching purposes too, to amend some problems that students can have in learning this important physical quantity. Keywords: History of Physics, History of Science, Physics Classroom, Euler’s Laws Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-38 Volume: 4 Issue: 07 Year: 2015 Month: July Number: V4201508786 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.786 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/786 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201507786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:7:p:34-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samira Heidari Author-Name: Reza Ismili Title: Comparative Study of Constitutional and Iran's Islamic Revolution Based on John Foran's Model Abstract: In this research, we have compared the constitutional and Iran's Islamic revolution based on John Foran's model. In Foran's opinion, dependency development is emerged as a result of outside pressure on third world countries. The new situation paves the way for the emergence of oppressive government and this government also paves the way for the opposed side. As a result of this, a revolutionary situation arises. Based on documents and open mindeds' opinions, the role of government and development in forming both revolutions has been outstanding. Based on Foran's statements, the world system situation has been effective in the formation of constitutional and Islamic revolutions. On the other hand, based on documents, what Foran has stated regarding the inability of America at the time of revolution formation does not seem to be true and the role of political culture of opposition in forming both revolutions also needs to be refined. Keywords: Revolution, Government, Dependency Development, Global System, The Political Culture of Opposition Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-16 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508787 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.787 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/787 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:8-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adewumi A. A Author-Name: Ogunlade I. Author-Name: Adenegan J. A. Title: Radical Scavenging Properties of a Cultured and Wild Teleost in Ekiti State, Nigeria Abstract: This project compared the radical scavenging activities (RSA) of Oreochromis niloticus harvested from a pond and two reservoirs located in Ekiti state, Nigeria, using different processing techniques. The RSA of the muscles were analyzed using 1,1, diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. At various concentrations, the RSA of the fresh sample was significantly different (P˃0.05) from the smoked and oven-dried sample, while the smoked sample and oven-dried samples were not significantly different (P˂0.05) from each other. The fresh fish proved to be a strong radical scavenger at all DPPH concentrations. The concentration dependent RSA thus followed the order; fresh sample > Oven-dried sample > Smoked sample. The RSA of the fish from the three locations was in the order of pond > reservoir 2 > reservoir 1. The consumption of tilapia should be encouraged to supplement the intake of cereals, which are the main staple foods of developing countries, as they may have significant positive health benefits by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals that lead to various diseases and cell degeneration. Keywords: antioxidant, tilapia, lipid, peroxidation, reservoir, pond Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-56 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201508788 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.788 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/788 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510788.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:51-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Thiago Litaiff Padilha Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Fábio Augusto Vasilceac Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: José Germano Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Daniel Pessutti Author-Name: Thiago Antoniassi Title: Genital Self-Mutilation Patient without Diagnosed Psychiatric Disorder: A Multidisciplinary Approach Abstract: Testicular self-mutilation is an unusual type of urologic trauma in the emergency room. Frequently related with psychiatric disorders and drug abuse, it demands careful management during the initial assessment and follow-up. We present a unique case of self-mutilation in a patient with no reported psychiatric disorders. Keywords: Genital, Self-Mutilation, Hypogonadism, Urologic Trauma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-36 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508789 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.789 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/789 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:34-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tetsuo Ohkuwa Author-Name: Toshiaki Funada Author-Name: Katsumi Hirai Author-Name: HiroshiIto Author-Name: Takao Tsuda Title: Acetone and 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One in Skin Gas Increase during Handgrip Exercise Abstract: The present study investigated the effect of dynamic handgrip exercise on acetone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, and hexanal levels in skin gas. Participants in this experiment consisted of six healthy males. Skin gas was collected two times. First, skin gas during rest (i.e., before the exercise) was collected for 3 min into the sampling bag. Next, the exercise using a handgrip exercise instrument was performed. The hand performed a dynamic handgrip exercise for 3 min inside the sampling bag, exerting one 30 kg contraction per second. The blood flow at the end of the handgrip exercise increased by about 1.4 times that before exercise and then decreased to basal levels immediately thereafter. Acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one concentrations after exercise significantly increased relative to basal levels. Significant differences were not observed in acetaldehyde and hexanal concentrations between at rest and after handgrip exercise. The amount of acetone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one released from forearm skin increased during dynamic handgrip exercise. Acetaldehyde and hexanal levels did not increase during exercise compared with levels at rest. Keywords: 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One, Acetone, Acetaldehyde, Hexanal, Human Skin Gas Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-44 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508790 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.790 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/790 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508790.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:37-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marilvia Dansa de Alencar Author-Name: Lígia Souza Ferreira Author-Name: Gabriela Calegário Author-Name: Flávia Borges Mury Title: Alpha-glucosidases from Non-hematophagous Organisms Crystallize Heme in Vitro Abstract: Hemozoin (Hz), a heme crystal first known as a malaria pigment, reduces heme toxicity to hematophagous organisms such as protozoans, worms, and insects. The mechanism of Hz synthesis remains poorly understood, but studies on the blood-sucking insect Rhodnius prolixus indicate the involvement of an α-glucosidase enzyme. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that α-glucosidases from other organisms also have the ability to form Hz in vitro. This hypothesis was tested using protein extracts from non-hematophagous insects and non-insect organisms. Our results indicate that protein extracts from several sources have the potential to crystallize heme in vitro. This activity is likely associated with α-glucosidases. Thus, these enzymes seem to have the secondary capacity of detoxifying heme even in nonhematophagous organisms. This latent function may represent a crucial pre-adaptive evolutionary step in the adoption of hematophagy in hemoparasites. Keywords: Hemozoin, glycoside-hydrolases, heme biocrystallization Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-33 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508791 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.791 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/791 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508791.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:24-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vassilis Kefis Author-Name: Panagiota Xanthopoulou Title: Teaching Entrepreneurship through E-learning: The Implementation in Schools of Social Sciences and Humanities in Greece Abstract: In a constantly changing environment young people in Greece face the dilemma to search for career opportunities abroad, or to work in Greek private or public sector. Since unemployment is growing and the labor market gets more pretentious, people obtain more diplomas to become more competitive and appropriate for market’s needs. Additionally, job providers claim that they cannot find workforce with real knowledge on organization needs (“skills gap” phenomenon). This knowledge is a privilege of business or economic schools. On the other hand Social and Humanities Schools do not provide such courses so it becomes more difficult for their graduates to be absorbed by the labor market. In order to maintain university’s curriculum and provide students with further practical skills, e-learning as a supplementary tool could be an aid for those who want to start their own business or for those who aim to be the future, competitive workforce. Keywords: E-learning, entrepreneurship, Humanities-Social Sciences Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-23 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508794 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.794 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/794 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508794.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:17-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanan Wang Author-Name: Zhaoxing Li Author-Name: Chengjie Sun Author-Name: Xiaoying Wang Author-Name: Kai Luo Author-Name: Hongyan Zhang Author-Name: Ning Gu Author-Name: Dehui Zhu Title: Effect of Stereotactic Hematoma Aspiration on the NSE Expression after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage Abstract: Objective: To observe the effect of stereotactic hematoma aspiration on the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in perihematomal tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: The model of intracerebral hemorrhage were established by using inracerebral stereotaxic injection of type IV collagenase method in male adult Wistar rats and were randomly divided into sham operation group, intracerebral hemorrhage group, and hemorrhage aspiration group. The neurological impairment in rats were evaluated by means of Bederson four grade. The morphology of nerve cells in cortex were observed by the hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of NSE in cortex was detected respectively by the immunohistochemistry and Western Blot. Results: The expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hematoma aspiration group and intracerebral hemorrhge group was significantly higher than that in sham operation group each time point after intracerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05). The expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hematoma aspiration group was slightly higher than that of intracerebral hemorrhage ground one day after intracerebral hemorrhage (P<0.05), but there was no significantly difference. Compared with intracerebra hemorrhage group, the expression of NSE in the peripheral region of hematoma in hemorrhage aspiration group was significantly decreased on 3rd and 5th day after intracerebral hemorrhage. Compared with hemorrhage aspiration group, the numbers of positive cells were significantly increased and the damage of the neurons in cortex was worsened than that in intracerebra hemorrhage group. Conclusion: The expression of NSE in perihematomal tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage was increased obviously after intracerebral hemorrhage. However, early hematoma aspiration could weaken the expression of NSE, reduce the number of neuronal degeneration cells, and improved neurobehavioral function significantly after intracerebral hemorrhage. Keywords: NSE, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Stereotactic Hematoma Aspiration, Rat Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-67 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508795 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.795 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/795 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508795.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:58-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tao Xu Author-Name: Na An Author-Name: Wenjie Li Author-Name: Qing Sun Author-Name: Hui Zhang Title: Research on the Effect of Electroacupuncture on MDM2 Expression in a Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Rat Model Abstract: Aim: To explore the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of mdm2 following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Method: The hypoxic-ischemic models were established by colligating bilateral common carotid artery in new-bore SD rats aged 7 days. All rats were randomly divided into sham-surgery, model, sham-EA, EA, antagonist and EA plus antagonist group which subdivided 1d, 3d, 7d, and 21d time-phases. Ultra-structure of neurons was observed using TEM, real-time PCR was used to determine the level of mdm2 mRNA, and the expression of mdm2 was tested with Western Blot. Results: TEM shown that At 21d, the damnification of neurons had evidently recovery with electroacupuncture treatment. The down-regulation of mdm2 was observed in electroacupuncture group, which was significantly lower than that in model groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture could obviously lighten the damage of ultrastructure of neurons to protect the neurons from HIE by inhibiting the expression of mdm2. Keywords: Electroacupuncture, Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy, MDM2, Rats Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-52 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508796 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.796 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/796 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508796.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:45-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davood Kaviani Author-Name: Payam Pirmohamadi Author-Name: Majid Saghi Author-Name: Behzad Padidaran Author-Name: Mohammad Hosein Bigtan Title: Synthesis of Carbon Nanoparticles from Polystyrene Wastes Abstract: There are various methods for the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles. Each laboratory uses one of them depending on its abilities and available tools. Adding nanoparticles, especially Nano carbons, to some materials changes their behaviours. For example, adding carbon to iron matrix leads to an increase in its compressive strength and adding carbon to plastics results in a remarkable increase in their thermal resistance. Therefore, synthesis of such compounds from the wastes is a good achievement. The purpose of this study is the synthesis of carbon nanoparticles from the wastes (disposable containers made of polystyrene) using the designed reactor and heat system. In the used reactor, as high pressures and temperatures above 700 ºC are used along with appropriate catalysts for different periods, all of the materials lose their macro structures and fragment into Nano-size particles. Each of the mentioned conditions is optimized with each other and type of initial materials. The effects of different parameters such as time, catalyst quantities, and the ration of polystyrene to catalyst available on the obtained particle sizes have been investigated. Time and catalyst ratio are the fundamental parameters in this method. The carbon nanoparticles that we have extracted from disposable containers also helps the environment and reduces the recycling costs of polystyrene wastes. Keywords: Carbon Nanoparticles, Synthesis, Polystyrene Waste, Disposable Containers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-57 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508797 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.797 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/797 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508797.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:53-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yutaka Yonemura Author-Name: Yoshio Endo Author-Name: Emel Canbay Author-Name: Yang Liu Author-Name: Haruaki Ishibashi Author-Name: Kazuyoshi Takeshita Author-Name: Akiyoshi Mizumoto Author-Name: Masamitu Hirano Author-Name: Nobuyuki Takao Author-Name: Masumi Ichinose Author-Name: Yan Li Author-Name: Shun-ichirou Ogura Title: Selection of Patients by Membrane Transporter Expressions for Aminolevulinic Acid (ALA)-Guided Photodynamic Detection of Peritoneal Metastases Abstract: Background. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was used to detect peritoneal metastasis (PM). This study was done to verify the roles of the expressions of the peptide transporter PEPT1 and ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 genes on the selection of patients in ALA PDD. Methods. The study group comprised 138 patients with PM. After oral administration of 5-ALA, PM was evaluated by PDD. Tissue protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) levels, and PEPT1/ABCG2 mRNA expressions were determined. Results. The tumor detection rate on PDD was 45.6% (63/138). PDD is a safe technique for the detection of PM from ovarian cancer, mesothelioma, and colorectal cancer. PpIX levels of ALA-PDD-positive PM were significantly higher than those of ALA-PDD-negative PM. The PpIX levels in PM that simultaneously expressed PEPT1 and ABCG2 mRNA were significantly higher than those in PM that expressed either PEPT1 or ABCG2 mRNA, as well as PM that expressed neither PEPT1 nor ABCG2 mRNA. PM with PEPT1 mRNA up-regulation showed simultaneous up-regulation of ABCG2 mRNA. PpIX accumulates in PM with PEPT1 up-regulation. At the same time, PpIX may be excreted into stromal tissue through ABCG2 transporter, resulting in the accumulation of excess PpIX in the stromal tissue near cancer cells. Conclusions. Preoperative evaluations of the expressions of the PEPT1 and ABCG2 genes by RT-PCR methods might facilitate the selection of patients most likely to benefit from ALA-PDD. Keywords: aminolevulinic acid, photosensitizer, photodynamic diagnosis, peritoneal surface malignancies, PEPT1, ABCG2, ferrochelatase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-77 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201508802 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.802 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/802 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509802.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:66-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed A. Abd Ali Author-Name: Sami. KH. Jabar Author-Name: Sundus A. Abd Ali Title: Antibiotic Resistance of Streptococcus mitis Isolated from Dental Caries Patients in Missan City Abstract: Twenty six isolates of Streptococcus mitis bacteria collected from clinical of dental disease in missan city , then analyzed between (October and December in 2014).The samples taken in order to determine the bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility . Isolates of Streptococcus mitis were tested against eight different antibiotics and crude of crude aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L., by a disk diffusion method. 100% of isolates were resistat to the Tetracycline ,84%resistant to Ampicillin , 96% resistant Nitrofurantion ,100% resistant to Optochin ,80% resistant to Bacitracin ,96% resistant to, 92% resistant to Vincomycin , 73% resistant to Benzypenicillin where found to be the least effective antibiotics against MDR Streptococcus mitis. Also the antimicrobial suscepitility of isolates where tested against crude of crude aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. with different concentration (62,5, 125, 250 , 500 mg / ml) detected by agar well diffusion methods , the aqueous extracts from flowers of Matricaria chamomilla L. have more effective in 500 mg / ml . Finally cytotoxicity evaluating toward human RBC , the results revealed these crud extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. have not any cytotoxicity in all concentration . The good antimicrobial potency of crud extracts of Matricaria chamomilla L. indicates the treatment of MDR Streptococcus mitis as an alternative to the costly antibiotic. Keywords: Antibiotic, MDR Streptococcus mitis, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Matricaria Chamomilla L. Flowers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-74 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508803 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.803 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/803 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:68-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Dimensional Equations of Entropy Abstract: Entropy is a quantity which is of great importance in physics and chemistry. The concept comes out of thermodynamics, proposed by Rudolf Clausius in his analysis of Carnot cycle and linked by Ludwig Boltzmann to the number of specific ways in which a physical system may be arranged. Any physics classroom, in its task of learning physics, has therefore to face this crucial concept. As we will show in this paper, the lectures can be enriched by discussing dimensional equations linked to the entropy of some physical systems. Keywords: Physics Classroom, Entropy, Einstein Model, Blackbody Radiation, Bekenstein-Hawking Black Hole Entropy, Casimir Entropy, Bose-Einstein Condensation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 4 Issue: 08 Year: 2015 Month: August Number: V4201508811 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.811 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/811 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201508811.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:8:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adefolake Monsurat Olatunde Title: Psychological Impact of Vesico-Vaginal Fistula on Reproductive-age Women and its Midwifery Implication in Lautech Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State. Nigeria Abstract: The research focuses on the psychological impact of Vesico-vaginal fistula on reproductive age women in Lautech Teaching Hospital (LTH) Osogbo, Osun state. The research aims at investigating the psychological impact of Vesico-vaginal fistula on reproductive aged women as regards their age; educational status and place of abode. A descriptive research design was adopted for the study. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 53 respondents in the out-patient and gynecological units of LTH, Osogbo. Osun state and a self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. Three null hypotheses were tested using chi-square statistical method at 0.05 level of significance. The first two hypotheses were accepted meaning that there are no significant differences in psychological impact of VVF between young and middle age respondents and between educated and illiterate respondents while the third hypothesis was rejected meaning there is significant difference in psychological impact of VVF between respondents from urban and rural areas. In conclusion, nurses and midwives should be aware of the kind of nursing care that can be given to reduce the identified psychological impact of VVF on reproductive age women. Keywords: Psychological, Vesico-vaginal, Reproductive-age, Lautech Teaching Hospital (LTH), Respondents, Nurses, Midwives Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-51 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201508814 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.814 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/814 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511814.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:41-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdulla Diku Author-Name: Hyseni Bilena Author-Name: Seci Aadmir Title: Use of CROPWAT 8.0 Program for the Assessment of Water Demand of some Agricultural Crops in Albania Abstract: Climate change in Albania is an extremely important issue since the majority of population depends directly or indirectly on activities which are impacted by this change. Agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in Albania. Albanian First and Second National Communication to UNFCCC state that the rise in temperature may cause the productivity decrease of certain agricultural crops, water stress and slowdown of crop growth. Agriculture is one of the most significant sectors of Albanian economy, representing approximately 20.6% of GDP (2011) and about afro 58% of employed people in the country. Since the irrigation system in the region is not operational for years, farmers built their agricultural activity mainly on rainfall/precipitation and irrigation carried out on small scale by household wells opened in the vicinity of arable lands. As everywhere else in the country and all over the world, climatic change is increasingly becoming more evident. In many cases crops in the region are failing totally out of the lack of water. Even in particular cases when the failure of agricultural crops is not total, financial losses are substantial for the poor budget of households. Very frequently the expenses of agricultural crops cannot be covered by the sale of products obtained from them. As climate change is becoming increasingly more aggressive for agriculture impeding obviously its development, it is necessary that farmers should be instructed properly on how to cope with these situations, how mitigating and adaptive measures should be taken, how crops should be planted, how the accurate date of planting should be defined, etc. Keywords: Climate Change, Agriculture, Sustainable Development, Rural Development Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201508817 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.817 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/817 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509817.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ZHANG Min-Rui Author-Name: Gao Mei-Hua Author-Name: MA Yu Author-Name: WANG Bing Author-Name: ZHANG Bei Title: Study on the Effect of High Expression of Linker for Activated T Cells in Nude Mice Tumor Model Abstract: BACKGROUND: The activation and proliferation of T cells are based on the signal transduction after combinating of ligands and T cell antigen receptors(TCRs). As an adapter molecular, LAT(Linker for Activation of T Cells) is a kind of transmembrane protein which leads to a positive regulation for growth and differentiation of T cells[1,2]. Then, the palmitoylation of LAT is the foundation of signal transduction process. OBJECTIVE: By construct an tumor model with T leukemia Jurkat cells in nude mice, to research the effect of high expression of LAT to tumor load of mice. METHODS: Culturing the Jurkat cell line, the 5 weeks old female node mice were classified to three groups: high expression of LAT group, LAT mutation group and normal Jurkat group, each group had 8 mice. After pretreated with cyclophosphamide, 5×106/mice Jurkat cells were injected at armpit. Then observed the tumor of mice, measured weight of tumors, and HE stained of tumor tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect proliferation of tumor cell in peripheral blood. ELISA was used to test the level of interleukia (IL)-2 in serum. RESULTS: After injected cells several days, the nude mice have appeared tumors under armpit and some symptoms like somnolent, anorectic and ect. The results of Flow cytometry and ELISA had shown that high expression of LAT group had the highest rate of tumor cells proliferation than other groups. CONCLUSION: It was successfully established the nude tumor model of T lymphocyte, confirmed the positive effect of LAT to the T cells activation and proliferation, provided a new target for acute T lymphocytic leukemia gene therapy. Keywords: LAT, Nude, Tumor Model, Leukemia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-65 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509821 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.821 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/821 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509821.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:58-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Davood Kaviani Author-Name: Majid Saghi Author-Name: Mohammad Hosein Bigtan Author-Name: Behzad Padidaran Author-Name: Safoora Afshar Title: Investigation of Antibacterial Behavior of Polymethyl Methacrylat Supported TiO2 Nanophotocatalyst Film Abstract: Polymethylmethacrylat / TiO2 nanophotocatalyst is synthesized by irradiating the solution of TiO2 in methylmethacrylate monomer by γ-ray. In this method, polymerization of the methylmethacrylate monomer and the TiO2 reduction occurred simultaneously. Optical properties of the polymethylmethacrylat / TiO2 solutions are investigated using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The structural characterizations of the polymethylmethacrylat / TiO2 nanophotocatalyst are determined by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM measurements. The SEM image shows that the TiO2 nanoparticles disperse in the polymethylmethacrylat matrix with a relatively uniform distribution. The antibacterial studies show that the polymethylmethacrylat / TiO2 nanophotocatalyst is antibacterial against E.coli, as a model for gram-negative bacteria. Keywords: TiO2, PMMA, Film, Antibacterial activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-108 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509822 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.822 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/822 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509822.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:105-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paulinus N. Nnabo Title: Assessment of Contamination of Underground Water Sources in Enyigba Pb-Zn District, South Eastern Nigeria using Metal Enrichment and Pollution Indices Abstract: Samples were collected from four (4) underground water sources in Enyigba Pb-Zn mining district, near Abakaliki in southeastern Nigeria. The samples were acidified to stabilize the metals for periods more than four days without the use of refrigeration. The acidified water samples were analysed by a commercial laboratory at Projects Development Institute (PRODA), Enugu using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The elements determined by this method are lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co). The result and analysis showed that metal enrichment index (MPI) of As, Cd, Pb and Ni are very high in the groundwater samples, indicating high degree of contamination compared to WHO permissible limits. All these metals contributed to high degree of contamination based on metal pollution index (MPI). The calculated metal enrichment and pollution indices show values that indicate that under the prevailing conditions and environmental regulations in Nigeria, the Enyigba mining district would face major and hazardous discharges of these metals to other water sources in the area. Keywords: Metal Enrichment Index, Metal Pollution Index, Underground Water, Lead/Zinc Mines, Enyigba Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-57 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509825 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.825 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/825 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509825.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:46-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oluyemi Olawumi Idowu Author-Name: Abiodun Olusola Salami Author-Name: Ayodeji Christopher Oni Title: In Vitro and Enzymatic Studies of Inhibitory Activities of Three Trichoderma Species against Pythium Aphanidermatum in Infected Sweet Pepper Abstract: This study investigated the antifungal activities of Trichoderma species against Pythium aphanidermatum; determined and measured the induction of defense enzymes (such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) by Trichoderma species in seedlings inoculated with Pythium aphanidermatum. This was with a view to obtaining the best antagonist among the Trichoderma species. Inhibition percentages of the three Trichoderma species on Pythium aphanidermatum were determined via dual inoculation method and via production of volatile compounds. Fifteen day old seedlings of treated and untreated seeds were inoculated with 5 X 105 spores/ml of Pythium aphanidermatum. Extraction of enzymes was carried out at different time interval of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 days after pathogenic inoculation and they were assayed. The phenolic content for each of the treatment was also determined. The in vitro results suggested that, Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii inhibited the growth of Pythium aphanidermatum mainly through their higher competitive abilities for space (on the plate) and nutrients at the expense of P. aphanidermatum, while T. atroviride inhibited the growth of P. aphanidermatum on the third day before occupying the space and absorbing nutrients from the substrates. The peroxidase activities were higher in T. atroviride plus pathogen in comparison with its activities in T. atroviride alone, T. harzianum alone and pathogen alone, while higher accumulation of phenolic contents was recorded in dual inoculations with T. atroviride than with T. harzianum. The study confirmed the ability of T. atroviride to inhibit the infection of P. aphanidermatum through the induction of activities of oxidative enzymes, competition and mycoparasitism, which was found to be high in interactions with the pathogen at all levels. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma koningii, Pythium aphanidermatum, Inhibition percentages and Induction of defense enzymes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-45 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509827 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.827 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/827 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509827.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:28-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehret Birru Talabi Author-Name: Douglas Lienesch Author-Name: Kimberly Liang Title: Cavitary Lung Lesions, Rash, Systemic Shock, Hematuria, and Acute Kidney Injury in a patient with Elevated Anti-Nuclear Antibody Titers and Rheumatoid Factor Abstract: We present a case of a 42 year-old male with history of complicated gastric bypass and recent deep vein thrombosis who presented with purpuric rash, systemic shock, and cavitary lung lesions, and leukocytosis, acute kidney injury, and elevated RF, anti-nuclear antibody titer, and inflammatory markers. Initial presentation was concerning for systemic vasculitis. Aspiration pneumonia with resultant lung abscesses was ultimately diagnosed. No corticosteroids or immunosuppression were initiated at any point during the management of the patient, and he improved with antibiotics and drainage of the abscesses. Cavitary lung lesions are rare in rheumatic diseases, which helped to narrow the differential diagnosis. Mimics of vasculitis include malignancy and infection, and often pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Keywords: Vasculitis, Cavitary Lung Lesion, Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis, Pigmented Purpuric Dermatosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509829 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.829 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/829 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509829.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peng Yang Author-Name: Bing Li Author-Name: Cong-Yi Lv Author-Name: Qi-Feng Yin Author-Name: Yu-Juan Wang Title: Cationic Quaternized Chitosan Nanoparticles for C-phycocyanin Delivery to Hela Cells Abstract: In this study we synthesize C-PC/QAC nanoparticles using cationic quaternary ammonium chitosan (QAC) as substrate material loaded C-phycocyanin (C-PC) by ionic-gelation method. The prepared NPs was about 120nm size with spherical morphology, the entrapment efficient was 62%, and the drug-loading amount was 20%. The NPs exhibited a pH sensitive realease of C-PC in vitro. The drug-NPs were proved to be hemocompatible and safe. In conclusion, QAC increased bioavailability and anticancer property of C-PC. Keywords: Cancer Therapy, Drug Delivery, C-phycocyanin·Quaternary, Ammonium Chitosan, Nanoparticles Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-23 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509834 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.834 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/834 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509834.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:17-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AL Quthami Khalid Author-Name: Mamdouh A. Bukhari Author-Name: Milton Wainwright Author-Name: Soliman Abdelrazek Title: Effects of Selected Wound Dressings and Remedies on Planktonic Bacteria and Bacterial Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Abstract: The overall aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of some approaches of treating wounds and the use of wound dressings of on the planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two major bacterial species found in wounds. The wound treatments were dressings containing either honey or silver, and commercial hand gels with alcohol. Results indicate that dressings that contain Manuka honey were efficacious against planktonic bacteria of S. aureus, whereas, dressings with silver were most effective against planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Panaderm (antibiotic) showed the strongest activity against both planktonic S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The effect of wound treatments on non-established and established bacterial biofilms after 24 and 48 hours after application, show that dressings were effective against the biofilm of S. aureus. However, a non-adherent dressing with Activon Manuka Honey was ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Overall, except for hand gels, the wound remedies tested show remarkable activity against the biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-16 Volume: 4 Issue: 09 Year: 2015 Month: September Number: V4201509837 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.837 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/837 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201509837.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:9:p:8-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanhai Wang Author-Name: Xiaoman Wang Author-Name: Yong Zhu Title: A Trace Methane Detector Based on Mid-infrared Tunable QCL at 7.5μm Abstract: In order to detect trace methane (CH4) with non contact, the proposed manuscript describes high sensitivity trace methane detector using quantum cascaded laser (QCL) with centre wavelength at 7.5 μm, which is based on combination of Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) and Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS). Under room temperature, the spectrum of QCL can scan CH4 absorption line via adjusting the injection current of QCL. Meanwhile, a compact herriott cell (40 cm long and 800 ml volume) is utilized to achieve a total optical path with 16 meters length. The aforementioned detector is applied to detect CH4 with different concentrations, results show that the relative detection error is less than 7%, the lowest detection is 1×10-6. Meanwhile, the researchers can detect other gases through replace lasers with different wavelength. Keywords: Spectroscopy, TDLAS-WMS, Trace Methane, Quantum Cascaded Laser (QCL), Herriott Cell Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-46 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201509839 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.839 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/839 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510839.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:43-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Omololu-Aso Author-Name: A.O Oluduro Author-Name: Omololu-Aso O.O Author-Name: A.T Owolabi Author-Name: Arwa Shesha Title: Case Profile Analysis on Health- Care Associated Staphylococcal Infections and Community Acquired Sources: Demographic and Clinical Surveillance Study Ile – Ife South Western Nigeria Abstract: We looked into the frequent incidence of Staphylococcal infections among some clinical diagnosed infectious diseases reported cases at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile – Ife, Nigeria and its community-based involvement. Eight hundred and fifty samples of different cultures were taken from hospital and community sources. The clinical sources were the routine specimens of wound swabs, urine, stool, blood and sputum from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile–Ife. The non-clinical samples were obtained from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy food handlers at restaurants in Obafemi Awolowo University campus and food vendors in Ile–Ife central market. Samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48 hours. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified based on mannitol fermentation, Gram’s reaction, positive results for catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. The data generated were subjected to statistical analysis using T-Test. Two hundred and thirty (56.8%) of S. aureus isolates were recovered from the hospital sources and 175 (43.2%) from the community setting. Incidence rate was the highest in age range 21-30 among urine, wound, sputum and blood Case -based samples analyzed. Urine S. aureus Case-based infection in female (58.6%) was higher than (41.4%) in male, Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) reported cases was about more than doubled of other infections follow by the urinary tract (UTI) independent infection. Wound associated case- based infections among Female (65.5%) was doubled that of Male which was (34.3%) and sepsis independent cases constituted 32.8%; Sputum based S. aureus infection in female was 56.8% higher than 43.2% in Male. 66.7% from Pulmonary Inflammation Case- based investigated constituted overwhelmingly more than double of other infections. In addition, (63.8%) Stool associated Case-based infections from Female was higher than 36.2% observed among Male. Diarrhea cases constituted majorly of 38.3% and it showed an exceptional incident rate of infections which was noticed to be higher among the age range 11-20. Blood S. aureus associated infections in female (53.3%) was higher than 46.7% in Male and bacteremia/ sepsis cases predominated about 63.3%. (T= 95% confidence interval of the difference). Community S. aureus isolates accounted for 43% of the total isolates from which cell phones and food handlers constituted 15%, and stethoscopes S. aureus isolates 13%. The carrier rate of S. aureus in the nose of apparently healthy individuals among the food handlers in the community was higher among Male (64.5%) than 35.5% Female. (T=95% confidence interval of the difference). Plan are underway to evaluate the relationship between antibiotics use in this hospital and the pattern of antimicrobial resistance observed. Keywords: Staphyloccoccal infection, Hospital, Community, Case –based profile. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V4201509841 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.841 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/841 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201606841.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Mutual Information and Nonadditive Entropies: The Case of Tsallis Entropy Abstract: Mutual information of two random variables can be easily obtained from their Shannon entropies. However, when nonadditive entropies are involved, the calculus of the mutual information is more complex. Here we discuss the basic matter about information from Shannon entropy. Then we analyse the case of the generalized nonadditive Tsallis entropy. Keywords: Mutual Information, Entropy, Tsallis Entropy, Generalized Additivity, Image Registration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510845 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.845 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/845 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Mutual Information and Nonadditive Entropies: A Method for Kaniadakis Entropy Abstract: In [1], we have discussed the mutual information of two random variables and how it can be obtained from entropies. We considered the Shannon entropy and the nonadditive Tsallis entropy. Here, following the same approach used in the Tsallis case, we propose a method for discussing the mutual entropy of another nonadditive entropy, the Kaniadakis entropy. Keywords: Mutual Information, Entropy, Tsallis Entropy, Kaniadakis Entropy, Generalized Additivity, Image Registration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-8 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510846 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.846 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/846 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510846.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:5-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Luís Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Márcio Gatti Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Ferraz Arruda Author-Name: José Germano Ferraz Arruda Author-Name: Thiago Antoniassi Author-Name: Maria Fernanda Warick Facio Title: Prognostic Factor of Prostate Adenocarcinoma before and after Radical Prostatectomy at a University Hospital Abstract: Introduction: Gleason score is a prognostic factor that assists in the determination of treatment for prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic factor of prostate adenocarcinoma related to the Gleason score before (biopsy) and after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: A total of 206 patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma submitted to RP between 2001 and 2008 at a university hospital were analyzed. Results: The predominant total Gleason score was 6 after biopsy and 7 following RP. The 3+3 pattern after biopsy and 3+4 pattern after RP. Biochemical recurrence was found following RP in 34.9% of cases. In 49% of cases, the Gleason score was lower after biopsy than after RP (p < 0.0005). Considering the group with biochemical recurrence, disagreement was found between the Gleason scores after biopsy and post-radical prostatectomy among 68% of the patients and the Gleason score was lower after biopsy than after post-radical prostatectomy in 18.4% (p = 0.62). Conclusions: The correlation between the Gleason score during prostate biopsy and the score of the specimen submitted to anatomopatological analysis following RP was an important prognostic factor of prostate adenocarcinoma before and after RP and should be considered when choosing the treatment approach. Keywords: adenocarcinoma, prostatic neoplasms, prognosis, prostatectomy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-42 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510847 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.847 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/847 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:40-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammad Abul Hossain Author-Name: Tanim-al- Hassan Author-Name: Lokman Hossain Title: Adsorption of Crystal Violet on Used Black Tea Leaves from Acidic Solution: Equilibrium, Thermodynamic and Mechanism Studies Abstract: The present study investigates the potential use of used black tea leaves (UBTL) for the removal of Crystal Violet (CV) from acidic solution in batch process. The influences of different adsorption parameters such as contact time, concentration, processing temperatures and ionic strength were investigated. UV-visible spectrophotometer was used to analysis CV at a specific pH (6.0) of solution. Several model isotherms were depicted at different processing temperatures using acidic solution of pH 2.0. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) and Florry-Huggins model equation were subjected to analyze the equilibrium adsorption data. The experimental data reveals Langmuir and D-R models comparatively better fitted than Freundlich, Tempkin and Florry-Huggins models. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qm) computed from Langmuir equation is 184.1 mg/g at 30oC which is increased with increase of processing temperature. The adsorption energy (E) calculated from D-R model indicates physical adsorption which plays cardinal role in this adsorption process. The value of separation factor informs that the adsorption process is favorable in nature. The effect of electrolytes (NaCl and NaNO3) suggests a possible adsorption mechanism of CV onto UBTL. The values of thermodynamic variables such as Gibbs free energy (∆Gads), enthalpy (∆Hads) and entropy (∆Sads) suggests the adsorption process is non-spontaneous, physisorption with negligible amount of fragmentation of dye molecules. Keywords: Crystal Violet, used black tea leaves, adsorption isotherm models, thermodynamics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-39 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510849 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.849 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/849 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510849.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:31-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meirong Wei Author-Name: Shuzhen Liu Author-Name: Song Liu Author-Name: Xiaofeng Wang Title: TLR4 Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Gastric Carcinoma and Epstein-Barr Virus-associated Gastric Carcinoma in Northern China Abstract: Background: Various polymorphisms in toll like receptor (TLR) genes have been identified and are associated with susceptibility to various malignancies, such as gastric carcinoma (GC), hepatocellular carcinoma, papillary thyroid cancer, and prostate cancer. However, little is known about the polymorphisms of TLR genes and the susceptibility to GC in Northern China, especially to Epstein–Barr virus associated GC (EBVaGC). The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TLR genes and the risk of GC, especially to EBVaGC. Methods: Polymorphisms of the TLR4 (rs10759932 and rs11536889) gene were assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 43 cases of EBVaGC and 110 cases of EBV negative GC (EBVnGC). 100 cases of peripheral blood samples from healthy individuals were also examined. Results: As for the TLR4 gene rs10759932, there was significant differences between the GC group and the control group in both genotype and allelic frequency. As for the TLR4 gene rs11536889, there was no association between the GC group and control. In all the indicators, no polymorphisms were found to be related to EBVaGC in the studied population. Conclusions: The polymorphisms of TLR4 gene rs10759932 were associated with susceptibility to GC in Shandong Province of China. There was no interaction between EBV and TLR gene polymorphisms in EBVaGC. Keywords: Gastric Carcinoma, Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Carcinoma, Toll Like Receptor Gene Polymorphisms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-30 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510851 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.851 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/851 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510851.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:22-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guangfeng Wu Author-Name: Lan Wang Author-Name: Baozeng Li Author-Name: Chao Zai Author-Name: Shanyao Zhao Author-Name: Hong Cao Title: Effects of Binocular Acuity in Visual Impairment Assessment Abstract: Objective: To study the correlations and differences between best corrected visual acuity in the better eye (hereinafter referred to as monocular acuity in the better eye) and binocular acuity after both eyes were best corrected separately (hereinafter referred to as binocular acuity), the relationship between both monocular acuity in the better eye and binocular acuity and reading acuity as well as reading speed were discussed in order to investigate the effect of binocular acuity in visual impairment and visual disability assessment. Methods: Two thousand a hundred and fifteen subjects ranging in age from 18 to 40 years old were recruited for the study, whose best corrected monocular acuity were less than or equal to 0.8, and other visual functions examined were normal. Best corrected visual acuity was measured monocularly and binocularly using Standard Logarithm Distance Charts. Reading visual acuity and reading speed were also determined. Experimental data were statistically analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Results: Monocular acuity in the better eye and binocular acuity was linear correlation (r=0.920, P<0.001), and the differences of them were statistically significant (Z=-23.025, P<0.05); Reading acuity and both monocular acuity in the better eye and binocular acuity were also linear correlation (r=0.827, P<0.001; r=0.862, P <0.001); Reading acuity deteriorated with aggravation of visual impairment.There were no differences of reading speed in visual impairment individuals that more than or equal to 0.3; However ,reading speed in visual disability (visual acuity was less than 0.3) individuals were slowed down significantly. Conclusions: Both of monocular acuity in the better eye and binocular acuity could estimate visual function preferably. There were also differences between both of them. In view of people are simultaneously using both eyes in daily life, it is suggested that the visual function of binocular acuity was recommended in the evaluation of judicial forensic visual impairment and visual disability. Keywords: Binocular acuity, Visual disability, Visual impairment, Visual function Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510853 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.853 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/853 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510853.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu Zhou Author-Name: Zegang Ma Author-Name: Qi Liu Title: Olfactory Discrimination Deficits in A53T Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Mice at 3 Months Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a kind of typical neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, clinical studies have showed that deficits in olfactory and cognitive functions precede motor-symptoms in PD. However, the mechanisms of olfactory discrimination deficits in early stage of PD is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of olfactory deficits in A53T transgenic mice and test the possible mechanisms involved. By the elevated plus maze and bedding test, we showed that A53T transgenic mice at 3 months exhibit no hyperactivity behavior. Olfactory discrimination test indicated wild-type mice spent more time in old bedding than in new bedding during 5 min test (*P<0.05). However, the A53T transgenic mice could not distinguish between the old bedding and the new bedding at 3 months. In the fine odor discrimination test, we found that as the ratio [+] (Mango juice) to [-] (Almond juice) of odor components declined in task, the correct olfactory discriminations per trial session (%) reduced in A53T transgenic mice and wild type controls. There was no difference between two groups at the ratio of [+] 100:0 to [-] 0:100. However, at the ratio of [+] 60:40 to [-] 40:60, the correct olfactory discriminations per trial session (%) was significantly higher in control group. Rota-rod test indicated that A53T transgenic mice had no motor disorders. These findings reinforce the notion that the olfactory deficits occurred in early phase of PD, prior to motor disorder. Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease, Olfactory Discrimination, Fine Odor Discrimination, Hyperactivity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-15 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510854 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.854 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/854 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510854.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:12-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lin Hou Author-Name: Zhixiang Chen Author-Name: Shengmin Zhao Author-Name: Yaoyue Wei Title: Age-Dependent Effects C57BL/6 Genetic Mutations under Mice Models of Parkinson’s Disease on Motor Ability Abstract: As literature reported, C57BL/6 A53T mutant human alpha-synuclein under the mice is one successful model related to Parkinson’s disease(PD). In previous studies, over-accumulation of alpha-synuclein which lead to lewy body, were revealed to cause impairment on motor ability in Parkinson’s disease mouse model. Nevertheless, in the open filed test and the rota-rod test, hyperactivity and motor ability improvements at 12 months old was found in our study. Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease, Motor Ability, Hyperactivity, Genetic Mutation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-11 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201510855 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.855 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/855 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510855.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:9-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lennox Josiah A. Author-Name: Nkra Bridget Obun Title: Microbiological and Proximate Analysis of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis[F] Hook) Leaves and Seeds Abstract: The study of the microbiology and proximate composition of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis (F) Hook) leaves and seeds was carried out. Official methods of analysis were employed. The results of the proximate analysis of the fluted pumpkin leaves were 65.40% moisture, 6.51% ash, 4.24% protein, 1.3% fat, 2.57% fibre and 20.98% carbohydrate while the seeds contained 3.40% moisture 3.40% ash,37.85% protein, 39.80% fat, 3.44% fibre and 12.51% carbohydrate. The results of the total aerobic counts were 1.45±0.01x103 cfu/mg and 1.25± 0.01 x 102 cfu/mg for the bacteria and fungi respectively for of the leaves but the seeds recorded no growth. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter aerogenes were the bacteria isolates and Aspergillus sp, Candida albicans, Fusarium sp and Penicillum sp were the fungi isolates from the surface of the pumpkin leaves. Keywords: Microbiology, Proximate Composition, Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis (F) Hook), enteric pathogens, normal flora Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-15 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V4201510857 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.857 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/857 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602857.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:12-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luo Xu Author-Name: Heling Hao Author-Name: Feifei Guo Author-Name: Xiangrong Sun Author-Name: Yanling Gong Title: Extrinsic Orexin-A in Lateral Hypothalamic Area Regulates Gastric Motility in Rats Abstract: The orexin neuropeptide family consists of orexin-A and orexin-B, which are coded from the same prepro-mRNA. Although peripherally administered orexin-A abolishes small intestinal interdigestive contractions in rats, it still remains unclear whether orexin-A of lateral hypothalamic area(LHA) effects on the gastric motility in rats. We selected Wistar rats as our subjects. A stainless-steel injection cannula was implanted unilaterally into the LHA. A force transducer was embedmented into the stomach to record circular muscle contractiontions in freely moving conscious rats. The gastric motility was monitored by administration of ghrelin into LHA. The changes of amplitude of constriction and frequency of gastric motility were monitored in conscious rats by a transducer. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy was performed to elucidate the neural pathways of orexin-A. After microinjection of orexin-A into LHA 5-20 min later, Orexin-A dose-dependently increased the amplitude of contraction and accelerated frequency of gastric motility in the stomach. The effect of orexin-A on promoting the amplitude and frequency of gastric contraction disappeared after 0.5μg orexin-A +6.0μg SB-334867 mixture was microinjection into LHA. However, there was no significant changes of amplitude and frequency of gastric contraction while injection of orexin-A receptor antagonists SB-334867 alone. The stimulatory effect of orexin-A on gastric motility was abolished by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy. It is suggested that exogenous orexin-A of LHA may promote gastric motility, the effect may be accomplished through the LHA-vagus pathway. Keywords: orexin-A, lateral hypothalamic area(LHA),gastric motility, SB-334867 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-40 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201510858 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.858 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/858 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511858.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:37-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lindsay G. Hunt Title: Medical Marijuana as a Therapeutic Treatment for Pediatric Oncology Patients Abstract: In the United States, many children face the life threatening reality of cancer. As the second leading cause of death of children, 1,250 people younger than 15 years old are expected to die from cancer in 2015 alone 1 . Each year, pediatric cancer diagnoses make up less than 1% of all cancers diagnosed; regardless, 10, 380 children in the US will be diagnosed in 2015 1. Childhood cancers are generally not associated with environmental or lifestyle factors like some adult cancers. Instead, they are most commonly attributed to DNA mutations. Leukemia, central nervous system tumors, neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma and bone cancers are the most common childhood cancers 2. In adolescence, Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, brain and central nervous system tumors and testicular germ cell tumors are the most common 2. Thankfully, medicine and oncology research continues to expand, improving the survival rate of the youngest victims. Survival forecasts predict that an average 80% of children with cancer will survive at least 5 years 1. However, with these vulnerable patients, questions and gaps in knowledge still remain. How can doctors treat these unpleasant symptoms effectively and with the fewest rate of negative consequences? With medical marijuana gaining popularity legality in several states, physicians and scientists are faced with the question: should medical marijuana be prescribed as a palliative or therapeutic treatment for pediatric oncology patients? Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-36 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511860 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.860 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/860 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511860.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:33-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole A. Cunningham Title: Photothermal Therapy as an Alternative Treatment for the Clinical Management of Cancer Abstract: Alternative medicine can commonly be thought of as the use of homeopathy, acupuncture, or herbalism. Despite this stereotype, uncharted scientific research could be considered alternative medicine. In recent years, new oncology research has arisen in the form of synthesized organic nanomaterials for photothermal ablation of cancer cells. This relatively new process has numerous benefits but has remained untapped by medical professionals thus far. Considering that the benefits of photothermal ablation far outweigh the benefits of current cancer treatment options, the practice should receive more encouragement and recognition from the scientific community. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-32 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511861 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.861 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/861 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511861.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:30-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Huu Dang Author-Name: Ravi Krishna Brundavanam Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Rapid Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterisation of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Schweizer's Reagent Abstract: The present work reports the results of a study that investigated a sonochemical approach to synthesis copper oxide nanostructures from tetraamminediaquacopper dihydroxide. (Schweizer's Reagent). Ultrasonic irradiation ranging from 0 to 400 W over time periods ranging from 5 min to 15 min were performed on Schweizer's reagent. UV-visible spectroscopy has shown that copper nanoparticles are initially formed but soon oxidize in the ultrasonically treated reagent. Formation of copper oxide nanostructures was indicated by the original blue colour of the reagent turning brown at particular power settings. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of both copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) and copper (II) oxide (CuO) at the end of the ultrasonic treatment. SEM microscopy revealed particles sizes ranged from 200 nm up to 1µm and were predominantly granular and agglomerated in nature. Keywords: Copper Oxide, Nanostructures, Sonochemical Synthesis, Ultrasounds Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-29 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511863 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.863 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/863 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511863.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:23-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhan-zhu Lv Author-Name: Chun-xi Zheng Author-Name: Rong-rong Dou Author-Name: Bin Han Author-Name: Run-hua Tian Author-Name: Yan Wei Title: The Changes of Serum Lipoprotein(a) and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes of serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS). Methods 60 PNS cases whose renal pathological types were identified and 57 healthy physical examination people as normal controls (NC) were selected. Automatic biochemical analyzer detected the levels of serum Lp(a) and blood lipids. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent (Elisa) method tested the concentration of serum PAI-1. The nonparametric Spearman rank coefficient test was used to analyze correlations between variables. Results Compared with the NC group, Lp(a) and PAI-1 were significantly higher in PNS group (P<0.05). Lp(a), PAI-1 and lipids were found negatively related with albumin in PNS group. Lp(a) was positively correlated with PAI-1 in PNS patients, and the Spearman rank coefficient was 0.381 (P=0.003) Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that Lp(a) and PAI-1 were two risk factors in group PNS. Conclusions Lp(a) and PAI-1 concentrations are increased obviously in PNS patients, and Lp(a) was positively correlated with PAI-1 in PNS patients. They could be two risk factors of PNS patients. Keywords: Lipoprotein(a), Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1, Primary Nephrotic Syndrome Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-22 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511864 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.864 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/864 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511864.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:19-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Author-Name: Christian Crépin Title: The Mitochondrial DNA Mitotype of Louis XVII (1785-1795?) Abstract: We have obtained mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from Louis XVII’s (1785-1795?) hairs : he was the son of the King of France, Louis XVI (1754-1793) and of Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793). The authenticity of the hairs, which were kept in a medallion, is established by optic and electronic microscopy. Sequences of the hypervariable region 2(HVR2) of mtDNA (extracted from two different hairs) show four mutations : 152C, 194T, 263G and 315.1C. The corresponding mtDNA haplogroup is sub-haplogroup H2. As Marie-Antoinette had the same combination of HVR2 mutations, this confirms that Louis XVII is her son. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup , Louis XVII , Mutation in the Hypervariable Region 2 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-18 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511865 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.865 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/865 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511865.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:10-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Relations Between Tsallis and Kaniadakis Entropic Measures and Rigorous Discussion of Conditional Kaniadakis Entropy Abstract: Tsallis and Kaniadakis entropies are generalizing the Shannon entropy and have it as their limit when their entropic indices approach specific values. Here we show some relations existing between Tsallis and Kaniadakis entropies. We will also propose a rigorous discussion of the conditional Kaniadakis entropy, deduced from these relations. Keywords: Entropy, Generalized Entropies Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-50 Volume: 4 Issue: 10 Year: 2015 Month: October Number: V4201511866 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.866 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/866 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201510866.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:10:p:47-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael D. Stine Title: Electric Field Therapy as an Alternative Medicine in the Clinical Management of Cancer Abstract: The company Novocure has developed a viable chemotherapy alternative in the form of electric field therapy. This Novocure product has been given FDA approval for recurrent glioblastoma. However, they currently have Phase I, Phase II and Phase III clinical trials underway for a variety of other cancers. The treatment is a noninvasive monotherapy and incorporates Tumor Treating Fields to interrupt mitotic division in rapidly dividing cells with a low number of adverse effects. Dr. Palti spearheaded this product and has outreached to over 2,200 patients, allowing them to receive treatment without major lifestyle modifications. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-9 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511868 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.868 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/868 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511868.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:7-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KOUAME Koffi Gaston Author-Name: KOUASSI Koffi II Nazaire Author-Name: KASSI Fernand Martial Author-Name: BOLOU Bi Bolou Antoine Author-Name: TUO Seydou Author-Name: KANKO Coffi Author-Name: KONE Daouda Title: Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Monodora myristica (Gaertn), Ocimum gratissimum L. and Zingiber officinalis Roscoe on Post-harvest Anthracnose of Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica L.) Variety Kent in Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: This study was carried out to analyze the antifungal effect of essential oils from Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Zingiber officinalis (Roscoe) against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.), the causal agent of anthracnose infecting mango fruits in Côte d’Ivoire. The inhibitory capacity of five concentrations (100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm) of each essential oil were evaluated in vitro on the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides. The efficacy of O. gratissimum oil on controlling postharvest anthracnose of kent mango fruit was evaluated both before and after inoculation using mycelia discs of C. gloeosporioides. The O. gratissimum oil inhibited completely (100%) the mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides at 1000 ppm in vitro. It is fungistatic at 1000 ppm and fungicide at 2000 ppm. The M. myristica oil showed the lowest inhibitory activity. The mango soaked into O. gratissimum oil concentration after inoculation yielded a highly protective effect against anthracnose disease in mango fruits at 1200 ppm. This treatment, presented the lowest infection rate (20%) and lesion size (0.22 ± 0.04 cm). Moreover, the four doses of O. gratissimum used, did not influence quality parameters of mango fruits. Therefore, essential oil of O. gratissimum could be an alternative to chemicals for control postharvest anthracnose of mangoes. Keywords: Mango, Anthracnose, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, essential oils, Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-18 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201511869 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.869 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/869 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512869.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:8-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. Omololu-Aso Author-Name: A.O Oluduro Author-Name: Omololu-Aso O.O Author-Name: Arwa Shesha Title: Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Staphylococcus Aureus Strains Isolated from South/Western Nigeria Academic Teaching Hospital and the Environs…Which Way Out? Abstract: Widespread use of antibiotics has been responsible for the development of numerous problems including the emergence of multi-drug resistance bacteria and increased number of hospital acquired infections with increase health care costs. Eight hundred and fifty samples of different cultures were taken from clinical and non- clinical sources. The clinical sources were the routine specimens of wound swabs, urine, stool, blood and sputum from the Department of Microbiology and Parasitology laboratory of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC) Ile–Ife. The non-clinical samples were obtained from the nasal cavity of apparently healthy food handlers at restaurants in Obafemi Awolowo University campus and food vendors in Ile–Ife central market. Samples were cultured on mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37oC for 24-48 hours. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified based on mannitol fermentation, Gram’s reaction, positive results for catalase, coagulase and DNAse tests. Susceptibility of the isolates to eight different antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion technique. Inducible resistance of clindamycin by erythromycin was performed on the isolates. Four hundred and five (405) S. aureus isolates were identified from 770 presumptive staphylococci based on positive results for coagulase and DNase tests. These comprised 56.8% clinical and 43.2% non-clinical isolates. All the urine isolates were resistant to penicillin. All other isolates from both sources were resistant to penicillin at variance higher levels. Among the clinical isolates, resistance to chloramphenicol was the highest (91%), followed by ciprofloxacin (70%) and gentamicin (69%). Among the non-clinical isolates, 62% from the food handlers and cell phones were resistant to cefoxitin. The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 18%. One hundred and one (101) multiple antibiotic resistance patterns comprising 58 and 43 were observed among clinical and non-clinical isolates, respectively. Majority of the Clinical isolates constituted 4.8%, MRSA. 27.4% MSSA, 45.2% MDR/MRSA, 22.6% MDR/MSSA and Non- Clinical were 10.3% MRSA, 23.4% MSSA, 52.6% MDR/MRSA and MDR/MSSA types. The study concluded that S. aureus was implicated in a wide variety of infections and the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance types were high in the study area. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-23 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V4201511871 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.871 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/871 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201606871.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:11-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cha Xu Author-Name: Ruixiang Li Author-Name: Yuanqi Zhu Title: The Pathological study of Acne Abstract: Objectives: To investigate the acne bacterial infection status, new guildelines should be established on treating whelk in skin. Methods: Total 58 cases liquid samples were collected from different levels, specimens were inoculated into blood agar in 3 hours , cultured for 18-24 hours under the constant temperature of 37℃ . Distinguished positive strains or negative strains in a microscope with the method of Gram Staining. We used Oxidase test and the Catalase test to make sure the bacteria’s species. We ensured the specific strains of the bacteria acquired with Biochemical tests. Each typical strain of the sample was purified and cultured. Sensitivity of bacterial were identified by Disk Diffusion Method. Results: Pathogenic bacteria covering Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aurous Rosebush, Serratia fonticola, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella terrigena. Research data shows that the bacteria species mainly are staphylococcus epidermidis and staphylococcus aurous, while Serratia fonticola, Serratia marcescens and Klebsiella terrigena are rarely to be seen. The drug sensitive tests demonstrate that different bacterial performed variety sensitivity to specified antibiotics. The survey results show that skin and diet have certain effect on the onset of whelk, but people with oily skin are more likely to suffer from whelk. Conclusions: Whelk occurred to the young frequently and sometimes to the middle aged people. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aurous played an important role on the cause of whelk. We should pay more attention on the prevention rather than treatment. Keywords: Ance, Pathological Study, Drug Sensitive Test Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-6 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511872 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.872 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/872 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511872.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:5-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Tsallis and Kaniadakis Entropic Measures in Polytropic, Logarithmic and Exponential Functions Abstract: Among nonextensive statistical approaches, those proposed by Constantino Tsallis and Giorgio Kaniadakis had been involved in the study of several physical phenomena. Here, we will discuss the case of the polytropic solutions of self-gravitating fluid spheres used in astrophysics as approximate stellar models. We will see how, in this problem, Tsallis and Kaniadakis entropic measures are related. After, following the same approach, we will find the links between generalized logarithms and exponential functions of the abovementioned entropic measures. Keywords: Entropy, Generalized Entropies Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 4 Issue: 11 Year: 2015 Month: November Number: V4201511873 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.873 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/873 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201511873.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:11:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Milton M. Kanashiro Author-Name: Marina M. Paes Author-Name: Maria R. G. Vega Author-Name: Diego Cortes Author-Name: Nuria Cabedo Title: Cytotoxic Activities of Acetogenins from Annona dioica Roots Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of the chloroformic extract of the roots of Annona dioica (Annonaceae) led to the first time to the isolation of acetogenins in this plant. Their structure were identified as known motrilin (1), squamocin (2), cherimolin-1 (3), isocherimolin-1 (4), annonacin (5) and isoannonacin (6) on the basis of spectroscopic (NMR) and spectrometric (MS) analyses. All the compounds were evaluated against human tumor cell and human non-tumor cells. The Annonaceous acetogenins 2, 3 and 5 showed significant in vitro cytotoxicity toward U-937 (histiocytic lymphoma). Keywords: Annona dioica, Annonaceous acetogenins, cytotoxic activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-29 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201511875 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.875 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/875 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512875.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:19-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Orumie, Ukamaka Cynthia Author-Name: Da-Wariboko, Asikiye Yvonne Title: Statistical Analysis of HIV/AIDS Awareness of Mothers: Ante-Natal Clinic of Braithwaite Memorial Specialist Hospital (BMH) Abstract: This study was conducted to analyse the HIV/AIDS awareness levels of mothers in Rivers state using mothers attending the Ante-natal clinic of the Braithwaite Memorial (BMH specialist) Hospital, Port Harcourt in Rivers State and the influence of their social demographic variables. This Descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 344 Pregnant Mothers attending BMH Ante-natal clinic from June 2, 2015 to July 29, 2015. Simple random sampling method was applied to collect data which were analysed with simple percentage calculations and the chi-square test using SPSS.Higher percentage of the respondents were within the active reproductive age-group of 26-35 (57%), most of them are married and living with their husband (84.3%), also 58.7% of them have attained tertiary educational level and are predominantly Christians (94.3%), 35% of them are self- employed and mostly reside in urban area (96%), finally 52% of them have at least a child. The chi-square X2 test result indicated that majority of the respondent have a high level of awareness on HIV/AIDS (96%). The result further showed that there were significant association between the Marital status, Educational level, Parity and the Respondents’ Level of awareness of HIV/AIDS, whereas, there were no significant association between Age, Religion inclination, Occupation , Residence and the Respondents’ HIV/AIDS level of awareness. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-46 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512876 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.876 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/876 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512876.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:30-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: Recurrence Plots of Geolocated Time Series from Satellite Maps of NOAA STAR Vegetation Health Index Abstract: Several information services, such as the NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research, produces and distributes maps elaborated from satellite images, which display data about vegetation indices. Using the time-series concerning some specific geographical positions, which we can obtain from the available maps, several analyses are possible. Here we propose the use of recurrence plots. We will show examples based on the data corresponding to six small areas, geolocated in Italy, of the NOAA STAR Vegetation Health Index (VHI). It is an index used for monitoring and forecasting the status of vegetation. The recurrence plots we obtained could be helpful for discriminating different situations. Keywords: Satellite Maps, Satellite Imagery, Recurrence Plots, Vegetation Indices, Climate Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-54 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512877 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.877 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/877 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512877.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:47-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mark A. Brown Author-Name: Melissa A. Edwards Author-Name: Jenna Hoobler Title: Characterization of the SMYD Family of Lysine Methyltransferases: Reflections upon Key Findings and Therapeutic Implications Abstract: It has been almost two decades since studies upon the SET-MYND (SMYD) family of lysine methyltransferases were first initiated following the serendipitous discovery of the SMYD1 gene. In that time, much has been learned about the roles of the SMYD family in processes ranging from embryogenesis to tumorigenesis. Herein, we reflect upon the implications of the ongoing characterization of the SMYD family with regard to the growing landscape of therapeutic targets. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-57 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512878 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.878 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/878 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512878.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:55-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mei Lin Author-Name: Wenmin YUAN Author-Name: Xiaohui SUN Author-Name: Zhiqiang QIN Title: Expression and Significance of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in Gastric Cancer Abstract: Objective To investigate the role and correlation of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer. Methods The expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in 78 cases of gastric cancer, 30 cases of atypical hyperplasia and 20 cases of chronic non-atrophic gastritis was examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive rate of Beclin-1 in gastric cancer was significantly lower than those in atypical hyperplasia and chronic non-atrophic gastritis(χ2=9.298,7.437, P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between atypical hyperplasia and chronic non-atrophic gastritis (P>0.05). The positive rate of Bcl-2 in gastric cancer was significantly higher than those in atypical hyperplasia and chronic non-atrophic gastritis(χ2=11.013, 15.278, P<0.05), while Bcl-2 expression in atypical hyperplasia showed no significant difference with that in chronic non-atrophic gastritis (P>0.05). The expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 was significantly correlated with differentiation, depth of invasion and TNM staging(χ2=7.014~16.248, P>0.05), but not correlated with sex, age, tumor size, tumor location and metastasis(P>0.05). The expression of Beclin-1 was negatively correlated with Bcl-2 in gastric cancer(r=-0.396, P<0.01). Conclusion Beclin-1 expression was decreased and Bcl-2 expression was increased in gastric cancer. Both were associated with the occurrence and progression of gastric cancer and they were negatively correlated. Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 may be used as important markers to predict the biological behavior of gastric cancer. Keywords: gastric cancer, Beclin-1, Bcl-2, autophagy, apoptosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-61 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512879 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.879 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/879 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512879.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:58-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: An Example of Military Engineering in 16th Century: The Star Fort of Turin Abstract: Star forts were the fortifications composed of many triangular bastions, created from 1520s, to replace those of the medieval age, and able of resisting the gunpowder weapons. These fortifications were also defined as “trace italienne”, because they were first planned and built in Italy. Some of these forts are still existing today, many had been destroyed or dismantled in the past. Here we will discuss the case of one of them, cancelled by an urban planning for expanding the town. It is the Citadel of Turin, of which only the Mastio survived. Keywords: History of Engineering, History of Science Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-67 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512880 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.880 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/880 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512880.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:62-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Francisco Pedro Pinheiro Author-Name: Aline Cristine Salum Fernandes Maia Author-Name: José Germano Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Luis César Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Fácio Júnior Title: Relationship between Sedentary Lifestyle and Erectile Dysfunction Abstract: The comfort of modern life causes two important side effects: physical inactivity and obesity. The current lifestyle is strongly influenced by sedentary behavior with a possible effect on sexual activity. The objective of this research was to investigate the association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and physical inactivity, considering: a) the clinical characterization of patients; b) an evaluation of the level of physical activity and c) a possible correlation between ED and physical activity. We prospectively studied 50 patients with ED treated between August 2014 and February 2015. The analysis of the association between the degree of ED (moderate and severe) and qualitative variables (diabetes, alcoholism, smoking and physical activity) was investigated using Pearson's chi-square test. Contrary to our initial expectations, the results show that 38 participants (76%) presented ED even though they were physically active and thus regular physical activity did not prevent ED. These results do not explain why so many active seniors had ED but perhaps the sample size was too small to arrive at conclusive data. Keywords: Physical Activity, Erectile Dysfunction, Human Health, Sedentary Lifestyle Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-72 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512881 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.881 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/881 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512881.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:68-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Izaidah Talib Title: Overview of Forestry Sector in Peninsular Malaysia Abstract: Forests have played an important role in the resource-based socio-economic development of Malaysia. Malaysia, located in South East Asia, comprises Peninsular Malaysia and the states of Sabah and Sarawak. In accordance with Malaysia’s Federal Constitution, the legislative control of land and forests is a state matter and the state governments have complete jurisdiction over their respective forest resources. This paper is concerned with the forestry sector in Peninsular Malaysia. It describes and discuss the current status of forest in Peninsular Malaysia in terms of its policy and legislation, forest administration, forest management system under sustainable forest management, forest resources and wood-based industries. Keywords: Forest, current status, forestry, sustainable forest management, Peninsular Malaysia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 73-78 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512882 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.882 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/882 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512882.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:73-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. B. Gad. Author-Name: Sergany M. I Author-Name: Helal E. M. Mona Author-Name: M. N. Shaimaa Tiurky Title: Reaction Response of Citrus Reticulate to Six Concentration of Jujube Water Extraction Infected With Meloidogyne Incognita under Greenhouse Conditions Abstract: Greenhouse experiment was conducted to determined the effect of six concentrations of jujub leave water extract (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ml ̸ plant) on Meloidogyne incognita infecting common mandarin comparing with oxamyl under greenhouse conditions. The obtained results indicated that all tested materials improved all the plant growth criteria and diminished nematode parameters as well. On the other hand, using jujube water extract at 30 ml/ plant gave the maximum values of shoot and root lengths; shoot and root fresh weights shoot dry matter, leaves number/plant, and branches, whereas the concentration of 5 ml/ plant showed the minimum values in this respect. Oxamyl ranked first in percentage reduction values of the number of juveniles in soil (90.1%), galls (86.5%), eggmasses (93.9%) and eggs/egg mass number (63.33%) on roots, respectively. Keywords: Control, Meloidogyne incognita, mandarin, jujube, water extract Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V4201512883 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.883 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/883 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. M. Abduyeva-Ismailova Author-Name: N. A. Gasimov Title: Reduction Activity in Sprouts in Salt Stress Conditions and Definition of the Accumulation Dynamics of Photosynthetic Pigments Abstract: The reduction activity was determined by colourimetric method on the 7-day etiolated wheat and pea sprouts’ roots and trunks that had been kept in salt stress (0.05M; 0.1M and 0.2M NaCl) conditions and directly affected by salt. Changes in the nature of the reduction activity was adequate for the whole experiment options with the effects of salt; a linear decrease of reduction activity was observed with the increasing concentration of salt solution. The only difference between the two options has been quantum. Taking into account the reduction activity's relation to the photosynthetic activity, in experiments changes of general amount of photosynthetic pigments in green seedlings under the effect of salt and the potential reduction of the root system according to the relations of donor-acceptor were also defined. The gained results show that 6-8 hours continuous lighting allows to enough accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and the amount of the reduction substances evicted to the root reaches a maximum with linear increase. While the low concentration of salt solution in wheat seedlings accelerates the synthesis of pigments with stimulating effect, this process is delayed in a high concentration; and saturation state for the pigments compared to the control system (8 hours) occurs more often (6 hours). The amount of the pigments and reduction potential of roots in pea seedlings on the whole experiments was lower than the control. Keywords: sprout, reduction activity, 2.6-DXFIF, optical density, instant salinization, amount of photosynthetic pigments Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 79-84 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512891 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.891 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/891 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512891.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:79-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengjie Zhang Author-Name: Shunbin-Hu Author-Name: Jialong-Sun Author-Name: Ning Zhang Title: Design of Power Transformer Online Monitoring System Based on GPRS Abstract: This paper uses the design scheme which is based on of the microcontroller of C8051F580 and three-phase electric energy metering chip, finished collection, processing and transmitting for the signal of the power of the transformer and the state of the switch. This system takes Server SQL 2008 as the background database, and achieves visiting by the ADO.NET data access technology. The management software of the monitoring master station is responsible for receiving, analyzing and processing, to form the graphics, reports and other types. The database access mode in this paper is based on B/S and C/S. The test results showed that the system worked stably, and realized the functions, which realizes the real-time monitoring of the transformer on operation data, remote data transmission, timely alarming and so on. Keywords: GPRS, Power Transformer, On-line Monitoring Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 85-88 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512892 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.892 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/892 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512892.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:85-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Femi Kayode Title: Entrepreneurial Possibilities in Graphic Arts and Design Education: A Survey on Printing Technology in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Abstract: The experiential knowledge graphic arts and design education embrace are many and technologically complex, but it is timely to place a welcome emphasis on the entrepreneurial possibilities it stands to offer. One possibility is the graphic art technology which is often referred to as printing, publishing and packaging industry. A mounting pressure has emerged, according to Perry (2005) that is affecting the total package of education and the economic development of a nation. Acquisition of self-reliant skills and competencies should beget the eventual profile of any education goal. In the words of Akhuemonkhan (2005) and Oyetunji (2006) without vision a nation perishes. This presupposes that without entrepreneurship, economies perish. As successive governments in Nigeria are licensing private and public higher institutions for operations, the need for sustainable education continues to be of rapidly increasing economic and socio-economic worries. The specific objective of learning outcome should be such that school leavers in a given country are empowered to apply acquired skills and competences productively to fend for life expectancies always at leaving school. The concept of ‘sustainability’ of livelihood is an essential ballgame noted not only with rising concern but also as a matter of life and death. There is an urgent need to address some harsh realities in the planning, organization and administration of the Nigerian educational curriculum which hitherto has been indirectly responsible for the ailment of the national economy. This issue is global and more relevant to anyone involved in developing or delivering art and design curricular in schools (Hickman, 2005). Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 89-96 Volume: 4 Issue: 12 Year: 2015 Month: December Number: V4201512893 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.893 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/893 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V4201512893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:4:y:2015:i:12:p:89-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunyu Lv Author-Name: Shuguang Zhang Title: Fault Classification on Transmission Line of 10kV Rural Power Grid Abstract: This paper proposes a technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) to identify the fault types on transmission line of 10kv rural power grid. The PSCAD is used to simulate fault signals. The mother wavelet daubechies4 (db4) is employed to decompose high frequency component from these signals. The variations of first scale high frequency component that detect fault are used as an input for the training pattern. The result has shown that the proposed technique gives satisfactory results. Keywords: Discrete Wavelet Transform, Neural Network, Transmission Line, Fault Classification, PSCAD Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 5 Issue: 01 Year: 2016 Month: January Number: V4201512894 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.894 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/894 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201601894.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ya Kun Han Author-Name: Suo Xue Song Title: Design of Current Signal Source on DDS for Rural Power Grid Fault Detection Abstract: To provide a amplitude, frequency programmable current signal with high precision for fault detection of 10kv rural power line，this paper presented a high precision current signal source using DDS (Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis) technology. The system includes two parts which are signal generator part and control part. The system uses DDS chip AD9851 as the main signal generator, AT89C51 as the main controller，Use the keyboard to select the frequency, phase and amplitude, USE LED display the frequency and amplitude. As the experimental result shows, the system has a stable performance, and the output signal, generated by the system, has advantages of high accuracy and good adjustability for fault detection on 10kv transmission line. Keywords: electrical net detect, AT89C51 single chip computer, signal conditioning, signal source, AD9851, complementary push-pull amplifier circuit. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-8 Volume: 5 Issue: 01 Year: 2016 Month: January Number: V4201512895 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.895 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/895 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201601895.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:4-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanan Song Author-Name: Zhigang-Xiao Title: Application of RFID in Information Management of Electric Power Equipment Based on Android Abstract: In view of the traditional power equipment running status monitoring can only run in PC, can't do the outdoor inspection when the power equipment monitoring, power equipment information management is not timely and other issues, this paper presents a RFID and Android platform for power equipment information management mobile terminal solutions. The basic principle is the fusion of RFID tag encryption technology and multi tag anti collision technology, in a certain range of mobile phone terminal identification of power equipment encryption RFID tags, through the network communication technology and information management server for data exchange, taking into account the advantages of mobile terminal power consumption of the relevant optimization. Experimental results show that the program to achieve the electrical equipment information management and real-time accuracy. Keywords: Power equipment, Information management, Real-time monitoring, RFID Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-11 Volume: 5 Issue: 01 Year: 2016 Month: January Number: V5201601900 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.900 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/900 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201601900.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:9-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junchang Liu Author-Name: Kyaw Thu Moe Title: Economic Contribution of Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) to Rural Livelihoods in the Tharawady District of Myanmar Abstract: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) income plays an important role in the household economy in the rural forest dwelling communities. This study use the data from 60 sample households of the three villages in Tharwady District of Myanmar to analysis the significant of NTFPs income in the rural household economy. Data collection was carried out through face to face household interview, focus group discussion, and government official interview. This study found that NTFPs income contributes 44.37%, and farm income and non-farm income contribute 32.55% and 23.07% to the total household income respectively. The lower and middle income level households derived more NTFPs income than high income level households. For low income households, share of NTFPs income in the total household income is over 75%. Major NTFPs include bamboo, thatch, firewood, charcoal, bamboo shoot, broom grass, bark and root, and others. Regression analysis showed that farm income, non-farm income and agricultural land own are scientifically and negatively correlated with the NTFPs incomes. This study suggests that Community Forestry (CF) programmes together with extension and environmental education programmes should be encouraged in order to reduce dependence on the natural forests. In considering the CF programmes it should be encouraged the participation of low and middle income household. Keywords: NTFPs, livelihoods, Tharawady District, Myanmar, NTFPs dependency, income level, CF Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-21 Volume: 5 Issue: 01 Year: 2016 Month: January Number: V5201601904 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.904 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/904 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201601904.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:12-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Analysis of the Motion of Some Brazilian Coastal Dunes Abstract: Satellite images of coastal dunes of Brazil are showing an interesting feature. As we can see from images of Google Earth, these dunes are leaving, during their motion, some footprints behind, which are sedimentary patterns. Then, we can use the Google Earth images to follow year after year the motion of such dunes. Here we give some examples of the analysis we can perform on such satellite images, in particular for a remote monitoring of these moving dunes. Keywords: GIMP, Image processing, Google Earth, Dune motion, Satellite images Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-31 Volume: 5 Issue: 01 Year: 2016 Month: January Number: V5201601905 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.905 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/905 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201601905.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:1:p:22-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hua Chen C Author-Name: Limei Lian Author-Name: Xue-chun Wang Author-Name: Wei-Na Jiang Title: Immunohistochemical Study of OTUB1 Expression in Colon Cancer Abstract: Background: OTUB1 is a new member of ovarian-tumor-domain-containing proteases (OTUs), a deubiquitinating enzymes family (DUBs), which is a cysteine proteasome-associated DUB to be involved in the Ub-dependent degradation of proteins. Therefore the expression of OTUB1 in colon cancer was examined and compared with precancerous lesion and normal colonic mucosa. Material/Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from 60 patients, and we took a piece of tissue from three different parts of the same patient, colon cancer, precancerous lesion and normal mucosa, respectively. Immunohistochemistry were carried out in colon cancer, precancerous lesion and normal mucosa. Results: Precancerous lesions and colon cancer tissues showed strong expression of OTUB1 in the cell cytoplasm. The expression of OTUB1 protein in the colon cancer was significantly higher than precancerous lesion and normal mucosa (P<0.05). Moreover, its expression in normal mucosa, precancerous lesion and colon cancer showed a gradually ascendant trend (P< 0.05). Keywords: OTUB1, Colon cancer, Immunohistochemistry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-26 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201601906 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.906 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/906 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:22-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ugbo Emmanuel Author-Name: Anyamene Chris Author-Name: Orji Jerry Author-Name: Eluu Stanley Author-Name: Ukpai Grace Author-Name: Ogene Lilian Author-Name: Okata-Nwali Divinegift Title: Phenotypic Characterization and Comparative Study on ESBL-producing E. coli of Clinical Origin Abstract: Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) continue to be a major challenge in clinical setups worldwide, conferring resistance to the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. The present study focused on the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates among patients diagnosed of Wound and Urinary Tract Infections attending Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki. A total of one hundred and ninety two clinical isolates of E. coli was studied for their susceptibility patterns to cephalosporin antibiotics and detection of ESBL producers was carried out by double disc synergy test (DDST) and Brilliance ESBL Agar. Of the 192 isolates tested for their antibiogram, 19(9.9%), 41(21.4%), 132(68.7%); 48(25.0%) and 144(75.0%) isolates were from wound, high virginal swab, urine, male and female respectively. The isolates showed higher susceptibility to cefepime (a 4th-generation cephalosporin) with percentage susceptibility of 78.9, 85.4 and 73.5 to the isolates from wound, HVS and urine respectively. Higher resistance was recorded among the 3rd-generation cephalosporins which include Cefotaxime (63.4%), Ceftriaxone (57.9%), and Cefpodoxime (73.7%). Among the resistant isolates of E. coli, 20 isolates were phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers by the DDST and Brilliance ESBL Agar methods. Ten (10) ESBL producing E. coli was confirmed using DDST method whereas 15 ESBL producing E. coli was confirmed using the Brilliance ESBL Agar. Brilliance ESBL Agar was found to be better than DDST in the detection of ESBLs. Continuous monitoring of drug resistance and regulating the use of cephalosporin drugs in our hospitals is vital for proper infectious disease management and treatment. Keywords: ESBLs, E. coli, Patients, DDST and Brilliance ESBL Agar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-31 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201601908 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.908 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/908 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:27-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wole kinati Title: The Impact of Agricultural Improvement Intervention Through Market Development on the Livelihoods of Rural Farmers in Ethiopia: A Propensity Score Matching Application Abstract: A market development program to enhance production, productivity and income of rural peoples was jointly implemented by the government and NGOs in rural Ethiopia from 2009 to 2012. It was claimed to be successful on different occasions creating an interest among policy makers, development practitioners and researchers to quantify the impacts of the intervention. Acoordingly, in 2013, data were collected from a total of 201 farm households comprising both participating and non-participating but comparative groups of farm households. The current study aimed at answering the questions of what changes were brought in the organizational and institutional aspect of the agricultural input/output marketing in the pilot implementation areas as a result of the intervention and what would have been the market orientation, participation, productivity and income outcomes of participating households if the intervention had not been in place. Using Propensity Score Matching (PSM), after controlling for the initial differences, the result of our impact estimate revealed that the program significantly raised the intensity of input use, productivity, commercial orientation and proportion of sales of most of the commodities of intervention for participant households leading to a significant increase in cumulative net income by about 10%. Although the results have shown that the program had succeeded in achieving the ultimate objective of the program, further research is recommended to elicit information on how the benefits were distributed among the different categories of participants and the relative contribution of each commodities of intervention to the outcome variables. Keywords: Impact, Market Development, PSM Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V5201602918 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.918 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/918 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V7201802918.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J.K Musyoki Author-Name: N Wachira Author-Name: P.G Mwitari Author-Name: F.M Tolo Author-Name: J.M Kuria Author-Name: N Adipo Author-Name: C.N. Mutuku Author-Name: J.N Mutunga Title: Use of Maerua Decumbens as a Natural Coagulant for Water Purification in the Dry Lands of Kenya Abstract: Indigenous management and utilization of naturally occurring tree species and shrubs/lianas is not a new culture worldwide. Various communities in the world use their indigenous tree /shrub / liana species to meet their needs for food (human and livestock), shelter and medicine among other diverse wood and non-wood forest products. Introduction of new exotic species has eroded the importance of some of these important indigenous plant species to great extends. It is however, important to consider that while these exotic species have multiple uses, most of them are not well adapted to our arid and semi-arid regions hence the need to promote the management and sustainable use of the indigenous species. Maerua decumbens is a shrub or woody herb species in the Capparaceae family and grows to a height of 0.5 to 3m with a large swollen root. It mostly occurs naturally in the arid and semi-arid areas in Kenya and is used traditionally by rural communities for medicinal and water purification purposes. Members of the Mearua species are indicated as poisonous and probably a health risk and yet some of the communities chew the roots of Mearua decumbens against thirst and also use them for purifying water (Beenje H.1994). The study was done to enhance the use of Maerua decumbens as a natural coagulant for water purification by determining whether the plant used for water purification in Mutha in Kitui County is toxic or not. A reconnaissance survey was done to confirm its use for water purification and toxicity tests were done to determine the safety of the plant for human utilization as a natural coagulant for water purification. The results of the study revealed that M.decumbens is completely safe for human consumption and does not have any heavy metals that pose a risk to human health. Keywords: Indigenous, natural, coagulant, utilization, safety Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V5201602919 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.919 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/919 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V6201701919.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aline Cristine Salum Fernandes Maia Author-Name: Francisco Pedro Pinheiro Author-Name: José Germano Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Luis César Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Fácio Júnior Title: Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction Abstract: While not lethal, erectile dysfunction (ED) can negatively affect the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study was to investigate cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) associated with ED, taking into account their sociodemographic characteristics. Possible correlations between the degree of ED and CRF were investigated. Fifty-six patients with ED, with ages ranging from 38 to 79 years (mean of 57.4 ± 8.4 years), with or without CRF were prospectively studied. ED was classified as mild, moderate or severe using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Demographic (age, marital status, number of children, education level and place of residence) and clinical data relating to CRF [high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes, alcoholism, weight and smoking] were obtained by applying a questionnaire. Frequency tables were used to assess the association of the degree of ED with sociodemographic and clinical variables. Most patients were married (82.1%) had children (85.7%) and incomplete primary education (73.3%). Moreover, most participants had severe ED (75%), followed by moderate (17.9%) and mild (7.1%). Hypertension was the most common CRF (53.6%) followed by diabetes, obesity, alcohol consumption and smoking. No significant association was found when the mean age and body mass index were evaluated in respect to the degree of ED. Moreover, no significant correlation was found for the degree of ED in relation to hypertension, diabetes, smoking and alcohol consumption. Most hypertensive patients and nearly half of the smokers and ex-smokers had grade 3 ED. Grade 3 ED in this study may be related to the high frequency of concomitant CRF associated to ED however there was no significant association between ED in general and CRF. Keywords: erectile dysfunction, risk factors, cardiovascular disease Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-37 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602920 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.920 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/920 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:32-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. A. Uzuke Author-Name: H. O. 0biora-Ilouno Author-Name: Eze F. C Author-Name: J. Daniel Title: Timeseries Analysis of All Shares Index of Nigerian Stock Exchange: A Box-Jenkins Approach Abstract: This study was aimed at analyzing the Nigerian Stock Exchange All Share Index. The data was extracted from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s Statistical Bulletin and it covered the period of January 1985 to September 2014. The Box and Jenkins approach of model identification, parameter estimation and diagnostic checking was adopted in the analysis with the aid of S-plus Package. From the analysis, the result revealed that Autoregressive model of order two AR (2) after differencing once gives Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) of 6682.4416 which is an optimal order for Nigeria Stock Exchange All Share Index, the model is ... . Therefore, the model generated shows that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) is adequate to define the optimal order of Nigerian Stock Exchange All Share index. Keywords: Autocorrelation, Partial Autocorrelation, Autoregresive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Autoregresive Moving Average (ARMA), Autoregresive (AR), Moving Average (MA), Differencing, All Share Index, Stationary Series Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-38 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V5201602922 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.922 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/922 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201606922.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:23-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liu Xiaoping Author-Name: Yu Zhongjie Author-Name: Jiang Shasha Author-Name: Wang Yi Author-Name: Yang Tongxi Author-Name: Wang Chunxue Title: Effect of Lipopolysaccharide and 4-(Methylnitro-samino)-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone on the Proliferation of Mouse Bone Marrow Stem Cells Abstract: BMSCs were isolated, cultured and proliferated in vitro. The proliferation of mouse BMSCs treated with different concentrations of LPS and NNK were detected by MTT assay, the expression of NF-κB and CUGBP1 in the BMSCs were analyzed by Immunocytochemistry assay and Western Blot. MTT results shown that different concentrations of LPS and NNK could promote the proliferation of BMSCs and the promotion effect of LPS12.5μg/ml, NNK10μg/ml and LPS12.5μg/ml combined NNK 10μg/ml was much more significant than others. Immunocytochemistry and Western Blot revealed that the location and the expression level of NF-κB and CUGBP1 in BMSCs treated with LPS and NNK were changed with different incubation time. The highest expression of NF-κB was detected at the LPS48h, NNK24h and LPS combined NNK24h and significant difference can be seen in-group compared. The highest expression of CUGBP1 was LPS96h, NNK48h and LPS combined NNK24h and significant difference can be seen in-group compared. The irritation of LPS and NNK on the proliferation of mouse BMSCs may mediate by up-regulating the expression of NF-κB and CUGBP1. Keywords: Bone Marrow Stem Cells (BMSCs), Cell proliferation, NF-κB, CUGBP1. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 91-102 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602925 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.925 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/925 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602925.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:91-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Forje Lema Catherine Title: Unchaining African Economic Development: Entrepreneurship Education Abstract: Africa lacks the vital knowledge necessary to establish a creative and innovative society capable of fostering economic development. Entrepreneurship knowledge is said to be the strength of economic development; it empowers and encourages people to start economic development activities. Presently, many educated Africans are those that do white collar jobs that produce very little economic developmental results. Africa needs people with entrepreneurship knowledge to enable them think creatively and be innovative. Such knowledge will enable a learning process that encourages engagement in economic development activities. People can only carry out economic development activities if they are educated to understand the factors that bring about such development. Economic development theories designed to help Africa economic development is unlikely to achieve that objective as long as the continent holds only to primary goods production. Porter (1998) in analysing the diamond of national competitiveness claims, natural resources is the only resource Africa has. From this perspective, Africa needs necessary knowledge that enables the production of finished goods. The objective of this study is to critically examine the role of entrepreneurship knowledge in economic development and how it orientates people to become creative, and innovative. Entrepreneurship’s knowledge is believed to enlighten individuals and a society at large on what is needed for economic development to occur. Considering the view that developing entrepreneurs in the classroom is about developing an enterprising environments and approaches to learning in which entrepreneurial aptitudes and capabilities can flourish alongside business acumen and understanding, data is collected from management students in two universities in Cameroon and one university in Nigeria. The result is that Africa needs an entrepreneurial based that enlightens people to understand entrepreneurship and its role in economic development. The implication is that the study empowers people with knowledge required for business opportunity identification, creativity and innovation. The conclusion is that entrepreneurship should be taught at all school levels. Keywords: Creativity, Economic Development, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Knowledge, Learning Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 110-120 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201602928 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.928 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/928 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:110-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Guèye Author-Name: Bassirou SINE Author-Name: Ndiaga CISSE Author-Name: Cyril DIATTA Author-Name: Saliou Ndiaye Title: Characterization of Phenotypic Diversity of Sorghum Collection for Developing Breeding Material Abstract: Agro-morphological characterization of sorghum collection in Senegal showed a wide range of variation, linked to traits like plant duration, plant height, and yield components. Sorghum accessions or landrace characterized by short duration, high, and low-medium yield components are the most represented in the collection. Simple correlations between variables of different types relating to phenology, vegetative growth, and yield components are very different, showing a relative independence of characters, and thus a wide phenotypic diversity. This diversity can be explained by plant duration, plant height, grain weight per foot, and the shape of the panicle. From these agro-morphological characteristics, varietal groups based on similarity were identified and accessions with interesting agro-morphological characteristics clustered. Racially diversity, dominated by Guinea, caudatum and Durra are also observed. This collection is an interesting breeding material for improving sorghum. Keywords: Sorghum, landrace, phenotypic diversity, plant improvment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 38-48 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602931 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.931 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/931 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602931.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:38-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Solomon O. A Author-Name: Ajayi A.O Author-Name: Solomon O.O Author-Name: Olotu O.S Title: Randomized, Comparative Study of Standard Dose of Rabeprazole versus Omeprazole in Gerd/Heartburn Symptom Relief Abstract: Aim and objective: Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is becoming increasingly common in Africa and indeed in Nigeria. Data on the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors in patients with GERD are scanty. In this study, we compared symptom relief rate after first dose treatment with Rabeprazole i.e. 20 mg versus omeprazole 20 mg in GERD/Heart burn patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 consenting consecutive patients attending the General Out- Patient Department (GOPD) Clinic of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria presenting with symptoms of GERD/ heartburn were enrolled for the study. At enrolment, severity of symptom was graded on a five-point scale from none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), severe (3) and very severe (4). After enrolment, the patients were blindly randomized into two groups of 33 each which received either 20mg of Rabeprazole (Barole) stat; Rab- group or 20mg of Omeprazole stat; Ome- group. Symptom status was recorded in Case Report Form (CRF) at enrolment and 1hr 30 min after the treatment with stat dose of the proton pump inhibitor. Efficacy of proton pump inhibitor in symptom relief for GERD/heartburn was assessed by observing the degree of symptom relief after 1hr 30 minutes in each of treatment groups. Approval for the study was obtained from the Ethical and Research Committee of EKSUTH. Informed consent was equally obtained from each of the participants. Data obtained were analyzed using scale of comparison. Results: The mean age of the population studied was aged 33.98 ± 9.43 years (age range 18-50 years). 19 (28.8%) were males while 47 (71.2%) were females (M: F of 1:2.5). 25.8% of participants had regurgitation as a symptom in addition to heartburn while 40.9% had other GI symptoms. The mean symptom severity score at baseline were 2.33, 0.36 and 0.52 for heartburn, regurgitation and other symptoms respectively. Two of the Rabeprazole group who had ‘Very severe’ heartburn was after 1hr 30mins downgraded to 1(50%) ‘Mild’ and 1 (50%) ‘Moderate’ while only 1 participant with ‘very severe’ heartburn was downgraded to ‘severe’ heartburn, 1hr 30mins after Omeprazole.Ten in the Rabeprazole group who presented with ‘severe’ heartburn were downgraded 4(40%) to ‘moderate’ and 6 (60%) ‘Mild’ heartburn compare with Omeprazole group where 10 of the participants who had ‘severe’ heartburn were downgraded to 6(60%) and 4(40%) with ‘moderate’ and ‘mild’ heartburn respectively. One of the participants in Rabeprazole group who had ‘Severe’ regurgitation was downgraded to ‘Nil’ regurgitation, while none of the participants in Omeprazole group had ‘severe’ regurgitation. Two of the participants in Rabeprazole group had other symptoms of ‘moderate’ severity that were downgraded to ‘No symptoms’ compared with 5 participants in Omeprazole group with other symptoms with ‘moderate severity’ out of which 3(60%) and 2(40%) were downgraded to ‘mild’ and ‘No symptoms respectively’. Conclusion: Symptomatic relief is one of the primary goals in the management GERD. In this study Rabeprazole (Barole®) is more effective in downgrading the heartburn and other symptoms in GERD within 90 minutes of treatment compared to treatment with Omeprazole. Keywords: GERD, Heart burns, Rabeprazole, Omeprazole and Symptom relief Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-58 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602934 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.934 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/934 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:49-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: G. O. S. Ojo Author-Name: A. Odoba Title: Genetic Variation and Relationship among Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits for Simultaneous Selection in Dry and Green Maize Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in 2010 and 2011 to evaluate maize with the objective of determining genetic variation and relationship among yield and yield component traits for simultaneous selection in dry and green maize. Phenotypic variance was mainly accounted for by the genetic component. Heritability was high for flowering, height and ear traits and grain yield. All the traits were positively correlated with grain yield, with the ear traits of kernel rows/cob and kernels/row on cob contributing most to grain yield. The high heritability coupled with the highest genetic advance observed for kernels per row on cob, kernel rows/cob and grain yield at 20% selection intensity indicates that concentrating on these three traits in selection programme will achieve a fast progress in selection. Thus grain yield could be simultaneously selected with kernels per row on cob and kernel rows/cob for improvement in dry and green maize production. Keywords: Genetic variation, Simultaneous selection Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-73 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V5201602935 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.935 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/935 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201607935.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:66-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enrique Salazar Sosa Author-Name: Hector Hidilio Trejo Escareño Author-Name: Jesús Luna Anguiano Author-Name: Miguel A. Gallegos Robles Author-Name: Enrique SalazarMelendez Author-Name: José Dimas López Martínez Title: Long Term of Cattle Manure Amendments and its Impact on Triticale (X. Triticosecale Wittmack) Production and Soil Quality Abstract: Organic amendment is a good alternative to improve soil fertility to maintain or increase crop forage and grain production. After several times of organics application (crop cycles) is important to follow soil physical and chemical parameters to avoid soil pollution such as salinity and nitrate. The main objective of this study was to maintain good triticale forage production and soil quality after seven years in plots where two factor were studied:caw manure amendments; 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 t ha -| and one chemical level with 150-100-00 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium, respectively just to compare manure amendments. After This time to decrease soil salinity and high levels of nitrate triticaleforage was planted in the same plots using two varieties without manure and chemical fertilizer application. Triticale variables measured were green forage and soil parameters such as; Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Matter (OM), Hydrogenpotential (Ph) and Nitrates (NO-3). Results indicated that triticale forage production was high in all plots were caw manure was applied after three years than the control and chemical fertilizer level, Also, the chemical soil parameters such as salinity, and nitrate decrease to adequate levels of 4 mmhos cm -1 in salinity and less than 20 ppm of nitrates. Triticale forage production was better in all plots with caw manure application with more than 25 Mg ha-1 that’s is the triticale average production in this region and more of 100 % than the control and chemical fertilizer plots. According to these resultscaw manure amendments is a good alternative to get high triticale forage production and maintain a good soil quality. Keywords: Manure, Pollution, Nitrate and Salinity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-17 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V5201602937 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.937 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/937 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V6201701937.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:10-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Serif Esendemir Title: The Limits of Aging Services in Turkey Abstract: All societies have their perceptions of evaluating a particular social phenomenon despite their desires for a common ground to benefit from the universal human experience. This doesn`t mean need need to create a monotype or unique societal understanding by eliminating diversity. By contrast, the sharing of experiences among various societies helps them to understand each other while enjoying their differences. In Turkey, for example, there is still a kind of stereotype in benefiting from experiences of “other” societies. One might argue that the reason might lie on a long history of staying in an imperial position, leading many societies, but the historical records shows us that the Ottoman background of Turkey was based on reciprocal relationship with various local cultures and foreign societies. So the reason can be associated to the mournful effects of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the growth of the nationalist movement accusing some local cultures and foreign societies or countries as main providers of the collapse. Therefore, this work is important for examining the limits of the aging services for the elderly persons and why nursing home, for example, is still not a well adopted phenomenon in Turkey. Keywords: Filial Responsibility, Nursing Home, Total Institution, Aging Services, Older Adults Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 59-62 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602941 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.941 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/941 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602941.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:59-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adewale M. Adejugbagbe Author-Name: Olugbenga Festus. Fabusiwa Author-Name: Olubankole Akinboboye Title: Preference for Church-Based Maternity Centers among Women Seeking Delivery Services in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria Abstract: We assessed preference for Church Based Maternity Centers (CBMCs) among women seeking delivery services in Akoko South West Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Using a descriptive cross-sectional study, 420 consenting women attending 11 identified CBMCs at Akoko South West Local Government (ASLG) were interviewed with a pretested interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was sectionalized into socio-demographic characteristics, perceived family support, pregnancy history and choice of delivery services. Data were analyzed and presented as frequency tables. The results shows that 52.8% of the respondents were age 30 years and above. More than one-third (46.6%) of the respondents gave birth at the CBMCs at last delivery and 35% preferred it for their next delivery. Main reasons for preferring the CBMCs for delivery among the respondents include, “for prayers” (68.8%), “is affordable” (31.8%) and “is close to domain” (28.4%). Problems reported by respondents to be associated with delivery services at CBMCs include, lack of health education (46%), poor handling of labour (26%) and late referral of complicated cases (22%). Preference for Church Based Maternity Centers for delivery was high among the women, with significant proportion of them reporting spiritual assistance as the main reason for preferring this service point. Hence, efforts directed towards sensitizing women of reproductive age on the importance of delivery at the hospitals and on dangers of using unskilled birth attendants during delivery are recommended. Keywords: Preference for delivery, Church Based Maternity Centers, Women of reproductive age Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602943 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.943 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/943 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brice Kouakou BLA Author-Name: Jeanne Akissi KOFFI Author-Name: Dieudonné Kigbafori SILUE Author-Name: Félix Houphouët YAPI Author-Name: Joseph Allico DJAMAN Title: Determination of Mineral Elements and Crude Protein of Eight Medicinal Plants from Central Côte D’ivoire Abstract: An ethnopharmacological survey carried out in the central region of Côte d’Ivoire enabled us select eight medicinal plants used to treat various human diseases. They are :Anthocleista djalonensis, Crossopteryx febrifuga, Harungana madagascariensis, Mangifera indica, Margaritaria discoidea, Pericopsis laxiflora, Spathodea campanulata and Terminalia glaucescens. The purpose of this study is to analyze the elemental content and crude protein and possibly evaluate the link to their therapeutic activities. The analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine sodium, potassium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and zinc contents. The crude proteins were determined using the Kjeldahl method. The values of the mineral elements obtained in the different plants are as follows: Fe (237.46-383.1 ppm) Zn (3.43-33.76 ppm), Ca (17.63-129.05 ppm) P (23.63-36.06 ppm), Na (103.16-492.63 ppm) K (468.3-754.3 ppm) and Mg (736.3-743.79 ppm). The proportion of the crude proteins obtained was in the range of 5.46 to 12.38%. The possible relationship between these minerals elements found in these plants and its’ use as remedies against certain diseases is discussed. Keywords: Central Côte d’Ivoire, crude protein, elemental contents, medicinal plants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-69 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602946 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.946 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/946 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602946.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:63-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saadat Guliyeva Author-Name: Sabina Akhundova Author-Name: Ramiz Alakbarov Author-Name: Hilal Qasimov Title: The Productivity and Structure of Sage (Salvia L.) Populations in the Territories of Lesser Caucasus Range Abstract: 18 populations of Salvia species are selected in the fitocenological complexes of the regions of Lesser Caucasus range (Nakhchivan AR and north-east regions of LC ). In these populations, the fitocenological state of 4 species (S.limbata, S.sclarea, S.verticulata və S.tesquicola) which are belonged to the breed, is estimated,their reserves are found out and the dynamics of the productivity in the ontogeny is determined.It is known that, in the populations, individuals belonged to the g1 və g2 phases of the ontogeny are more and at the same phase, the plant gives more product. Sage (Salvia L.) breed is one of the representatives of Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae Lindl.) family.27 species of the breed spread in the flora of Azerbaijan. 19 species of them spread in the flora of the Nakhchivan AR, and 12 species in the central, northern and eastern regions of Lesser Caucasus.Two of these territories – central and south are under Armenian occupation, that is why, only the population structure of the species in the north-east is found out. 9 species from 19 species which are come across in the flora of the Nakhchivan AR are merely characteristic for the region. 4 species which are come across in the north-east regions of Lesser Caucasus and in the autonomous republic, are selected and each of the species is in the surround of Lesser Caucasus range[nakh cons]. Referring to the literature,among them, S.limbata is not noted in the north-east regions of LC, but during the reserches, the same species are come across in the lower and central mountainous zones of the territory and in the dry stony-rocky slopes. It is a xerophyte plant, the territory is a new spreading field for it. In “Tartar” region, its new population is noted. Its other populations are noted in “Goranboy” and “Dashkesen” regions. 5-6 populations of the plant are setted in the Nakhchivan AR ( in “Babak”, “Sherur”, “ Kengerli” regions).From the other selected three species, S.verticulata is come across in the all regions of Azerbaijan, S.tesquicola is in the Nakhchivan plain and “Goygol” region in the north of LC,and S.sclareais in the east of LC range ( in the “Shamkir” and “Gadabay” regions) and in the Nakhchivan highlands. Keywords: Salvia, cenopopulation, plant reserve,productivity,age index,efficiency index. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-76 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602947 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.947 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/947 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602947.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:70-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. E. Agbozu Author-Name: U. Bassey Title: Kinetic Modeling for Removal of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr Ions from Petrochemical Effluent using Termite Soil Abstract: Increase in concentration of heavy metals ions in our water bodies is of great concern. This work is aimed at providing an environmental and cost effective adsorbent for the removal of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd from petrochemical effluent. Termite soil was pretreated and used for the sorption process and process parameters such as contact time and particle size of the adsorbent was varied. Optimum contact time of 60 minutes was obtained for Pb and Cd ions while 40 minutes was obtained for Ni and Cr ions for all particle sizes of adsorbent used. Initial reaction rate H(mg/g.min) was of the order for the different particle sized adsorbent, 75mm: Pb>Cd>Cr>Ni, 212mm: Cd>Pb>Cr>Ni and 300mm: Cd>Pb>Ni>Cr. Pseudo first order kinetics had less difference between experimental and theoretical adsorption capacity (Qa - Qb) with R2 close to that obtained for Pseudo-second order kinetics. Hence it is considered as the kinetic order for the adsorption process. Percentage of the studied ions removed from the wastewater solution shows the suitability of the adsorbent sequestering of heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. Keywords: Batch adsorption, heavy metals, petrochemical effluents, termite hill Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-82 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602950 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.950 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/950 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602950.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:77-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laleh Mosavi Dehmordi Author-Name: Ahmad Savari Author-Name: A Dostshenas Author-Name: H Mohamad Asgari Author-Name: Alireza Abasi Title: Assessment of Chlorophyll-A, SST and Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient (Kd490) in Northwest of Persian Gulf using Landsat 8 Satellite Data Abstract: The objective of this research was to develop a model for estimating chlorophyll-a, SST and kd(490) on the Northwest Persian gulf water using relatively high resolution landsat8 image. A field compaign were conducted in Feb, March, April, May, July, Agust, Oct and Nov of 2014 concurrent to satellite over-pass. The field work were conducted of Mahshar estuary between Feb, 14th to Nov, 13th, 2014. Temperature, Secchi disk depth, chl-a, kd and zeu was measured in this study. We tested various regression models using combinations of bands. The regression models showed acceptable correlation and accuracy. The Chl-a concentrations ranged from 0.6 to 1.8 mg m−3, with an average of 1.01 ± 0.32 mg m−3. The values for Kd(490) were highest(0.86) in July and lowest (0.59m) in February. Deeper Zeu are observed in Feb (7.8m) and Shallower Zeu were observed in July (5.3m). The study of SST algorithm model for Landsat-8 data has been conducted using the method approached to SST derived from calibrated landsat8 data. The retrieval accuracy (R2) was 0.63, while the root mean square (RMSE) was 0.81. The highest (31c°) temperature was found in July and lowest temperature(15.1c°) was found in Feb. The approach employed in this research indicates that remote sensing is a valuable, low-cost and stable tool for water quality monitoring of estuary health. Keywords: Landsat8, Chl-a, SST, kd(490), zeu Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-26 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V5201602953 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.953 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/953 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201605953.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:10-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. S. Harikumar Author-Name: Anisha Aravind Title: Antibacterial Activity of Copper Nanoparticles and Copper Nanocomposites against Escherichia Coli Bacteria Abstract: Nanotechnology is an emerging technology which has wide applications in many fields. The major objective of the study is to synthesise copper nanoparticles and its composites and to determine their antibacterial activity. A filter based on the developed material was fabricated. Copper nanoparticles were synthesised by chemical reduction method and were encapsulated in a biopolymer, alginate and fabricated anti bacterial water filter using copper nanoparticle-coated polyurethane foams. The synthesised copper nanoparticle, copper nanoparticle encapsulated in alginate beads and copper nanoparticle coated PU foam were characterized by several techniques including SEM and EDS analysis. Finally antimicrobial efficiency was determined against E.coli. Well diffusion method was used for testing the antibacterial effect of synthesised nanoparticls. The time and dose dependant study of copper alginate beads showed that the effectiveness of particle increase with increasing particle dose and contact time. The results obtained from the effect of bacterial load indicated that there was a decrease in antibacterial activity as the bacterial concentration increased. Flow test was conducted for the antibacterial filter by passing contaminated water through the filter and no bacteria were detected. The antimicrobial activity of metal nanoparticles is due to the large surface area which ensures a broad range of reactions with bio-organics present on the cell surface. Our research suggests that copper-coated polyurethane foams can be used as excellent antibacterial water filter. Keywords: Copper nanoparticles, Copper-alginate beads, Copper nanoparticle coated Polyurethane foam, E.coli, SEM, EDS and Antibacterial activity. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-90 Volume: 5 Issue: 02 Year: 2016 Month: February Number: V5201602957 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.957 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/957 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201602957.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:2:p:83-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. A. Ndako Author-Name: F. C. Onwuliri Author-Name: J. M. Banda Author-Name: O. O. Alejolowo Author-Name: V. Fajobi Author-Name: D. O. Olapade Title: Risk Factors and Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) among Apparently Healthy Volunteers in an Urban Setting, North-Central Nigeria Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious global public health problem and responsible for most common liver infection worldwide. The infection if contracted early in life, may lead to chronic liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine Hepatitis B Surface Antigenemia (HBsAg) and risk factors of transmission among apparently healthy asymptomatic individual volunteers in Jos metropolis. In order to estimate and further evaluate prevalence rate of HBsAg in our population of study, a well-structured questionnaire was used to obtain the social and demographic information of consenting participants, while ethical approval was sought and obtained. Two hundred (200) volunteer subjects were enrolled for the study, three milliliter (3ml) of venous blood samples were collected aseptically by venipuncture.Sera obtained were assayed for the HBsAg using the HBsAg test strip (Acon Laboratory incorporated USA).Confirmatory tests were performed for Serum HBsAg by using a third generation enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (HBsAg ELISA)-(Bio-Rad Laboratories, Incorporated California, USA). Overall results showed a prevalence of 45(22.5%) positivity among subjects screened. considering gender 25 (12.5%) were males while 20 (10.0%) were females,(p = 0.020),Age distribution showed that subjects aged 25-29 years recorded a prevalence of 10(12.5%);(p = 0.001), this is relatively high in view of the fact that the study subjects were a apparently healthy population. Clinical risk factors showed that 2.5% of sero-positive subject had a history of blood transfusion(p = 0.480),while4.5% had a record of previous STD infection (p = 0.423).Serological markers among the apparently healthy individuals screened showed; 40 (20.0%), 29 (14.5%), 8 (4.0%), 20 (10.0%) and 38 (19.0%) for HBsAg, Anti HBs, HBeAg, Anti HBe and Anti HBc respectively (P< 0.005).Changes in liver enzymes among subjects that tested positive for the HBV showed that. the apparently healthy individuals recorded an abnormality of 13(28.9%) respectively, [P= 0.0144;( P<0.005)]. This study however confirms the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigenemia among apparently healthy individuals in our study locations. This calls for mass immunization and public health education on the dangers of this infectious agent in the population. Keywords: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), apparently healthy volunteers, Serological Markers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-15 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602958 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.958 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/958 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603958.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:9-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. T. Akintelu Author-Name: I. A. Amoo Title: Proximate Characterisation and Physicochemical Properties of Raw and Boiled Milk Bush (Thevetia Peruviana) Seed Abstract: This study examined the powdered sample of the raw and boiled seeds of thevetia Peruviana, the seeds were analysed for proximate composition, mineral content, while the oil extracted from the seeds were evaluated for physicochemical properties using standard methods. The results of the study showed that the proximate composition (%) of the raw and boiled samples respectively are moisture (2.00 and 2.89), ash (3.33 and 2.96), crude protein (30.10 and 29.6), crude fibre (4.79 and 5.21), crude fat ( 58.3 and 59.20), carbohydrate ( 1.80 and 0.30), and energy (2524.5 and 2521.1) KJ/g. While the physiochemical properties of the extracted oil are acid value (1.71 and 1.41) mg/g, peroxide value (3.85 and 11.51) mg/g, iodine value (83.89 and 76.20) mgKOH/g, saponification value (224.26 and 193.78)mg/g, unsaponification value (2.04 and 1.59)mg/g, density (0.89 and 0.88) g/dm3, specific gravity (0.91 and 0.93), refractive index at 320C (1.46 and 1.47) and viscosity (28.21 and 30.59) pal/sec. The mineral contents of both raw and boiled samples are in the order of P > K > Na > mg > Fe > Ca > Zn > Mn. Cd, Pb, Ca and Cr were detected in raw and boiled samples except Ca that was detected in raw sample. Generally, the high protein and fat contents show that the samples can be used in food and feed formulation while the saponification values, iodine values and the presence of some valuable minerals indicate that they can be used for other industrial purpose. Keywords: Thevetia Peruviana, Phytochemical, Proximate, Seed Oil Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602960 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.960 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/960 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jin-Yu Zhang Author-Name: Xiang-Xu Hu Author-Name: Yue-Hua Wang Title: Downregulation of VEGF and KSP Gene Expression Inhibits Proliferation of A549 Cells Abstract: To investigate the proliferation and invasion of A549 cell by down-regulating KSP and VEGF gene. Designing and screening the siRNA of targeting VEGF and KSP promoter, transfected into A549 cells with transfetion reagent. According to the difference of transfection mixture the cells were divided into five groups. Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of VEGF and KSP. MTT assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, qPCR was used to measure the expression of VEGF and KSP, the MTT results indicated that the proliferation of the cells was significantly decreased; The results of qPCR showed that the siRNA obviously decreased the expression of VEGF and KSP gene;. The Western Blotting showed that the expression of VEGF and KSP were significantly reduced; The proliferation of the co-transfected cell were inhibited more than the single group transfected cell. These results indicate that co-regulation of VEGF and KSP gene expression more effectively inhibit A549 cell proliferation, better than only regulating VEGF or KSP gene expression. Keywords: A549 cell, siRNA, Gene expression, KSP, VEGF Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-27 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602963 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.963 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/963 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603963.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wen Yali Author-Name: Kay Zin Than Author-Name: Zaw Zaw Title: Exploring Socioeconomic Impacts of REDD-plus Pilot Program to Rural Livelihoods: Comparative Study of Yedashae and Oaktwin Townships in Bago Region of Myanmar Abstract: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD-plus) was evolved to provide incentives for the enhancement of carbon stock through conservation of forests. There are concerns about the potential impacts of REDD-plus on local livelihoods. This article accesses the socioeconomic impacts of two townships within the REDD-plus pilot project through using households’ data from control and intervention villages. It found that REDD-plus pilot program had no significant impact on livelihood resources but relatively contributed to some extent for the development of physical capitals, particularly in terms of community awareness raising in intervention villages. The study revealed that 63% of households in intervention villages were pursuing “Forests and Daily Labor” Livelihood Strategy (LS) in which 54% of households were using “Human and NTFPs” capitals. Meanwhile, in control villages, 27% of households were following “Forest and Wage Labor” Livelihood strategies (LS) in which 31% of households were depending on forest resources. Most of the households in intervention villages depend on the non-timber forest resources (NTFPs) for their livelihoods and they do not have enough income for their welfare. For control villages, households were pursuing daily labor for their livelihood and they also had to depend on forest resources for their subsistence and commercial purposes. This study also found that the sole dependency of forest resources for livelihood could not create standalone livelihood strategy in the area of high poverty and forest dependency rate. This study recommends Community Forestry (CF) as a policy framework which should be used for the integration of REDD-plus activities to the community livelihood development. Moreover, this study encourages inter-sectoral dialogue for the cooperation among agencies, line-departments to ensure REDD-plus implementation benefits to local communities’ livelihood resources. Keywords: REDD-plus, socioeconomic impacts, livelihood strategies, livelihood resources, pilot program, Myanmar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-41 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602966 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.966 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/966 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603966.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:28-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yohan Lee Author-Name: Zaw Zaw Author-Name: Jinyoung Jung Author-Name: Kay Zin Than Title: Estimation of Carbon Storage of Two Dominant Species in Deciduous Dipterocarp Forest in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar Abstract: The carbon storage of two dominant species, vegetation and litter layer were assessed in Deciduous Dipterocarp forest in Chatthin Wildlife Sanctuary, Myanmar. A total of 37 tree species was found in the study area. Among the tree species, two dominant species were Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb., and Shorea obtusa Wall. Biomass allometric equations for estimating the aboveground biomass were developed based on direct measurements of 40 individuals of those two species while allometric equations for estimating the belowground biomass were also developed through measuring 10 sample trees of those species. The carbon content of D. tuberculatus was 24.15 ton ha-1 while that of S. obtusa were 12.25 ton ha-1, respectively. In addition, the carbon contents of undergrowth vegetation and litter were 8.12 ton ha-1 and 3.7 ton ha-1, respectively. The best fit equation for estimating total biomass of D. tuberculatus was Log Y = 1.6058 + 0.9631 Log X, where R2 = 0.97 and that of S. obtusa was Log Y = 1.8069 + 0.9377 Log X, where R2 = 0.94. The equations derived from this study can be applied to estimate the carbon storage of D. tuberculatus and S. obtusa in Deciduous Dipterocarp forest in Myanmar. Keywords: Carbon storage, Deciduous Dipterocarp forest, Allometric equation, Dipterocarpus tuberculatus, Shorea obtuse Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-52 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602967 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.967 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/967 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603967.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:42-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiangmin YU Author-Name: Jingguo XU Author-Name: Ling LI Author-Name: Yan WEI Author-Name: Bin WANG Author-Name: Dongmeng QIAN Author-Name: Ming HU Author-Name: Lingling DING Author-Name: Linlin YUE Title: Study on Baicalein and Genistein to Inhibit Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Human Astrocyte Abstract: There are no specific ways to prevent and cure human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection to date. We investigate the effect and mechanism of baicalein (BAI) and genistein (GEN) used as a drug to inhibit HCMV infection in human astrocyte(AS). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression changes of viral IE1,IE2 genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) was used to detect the expression change of major immediate early promoter (MIEP). RT-qPCR results showed that compared with HCMV group, 20 μmol/L BAI+HCMV,HCMV+BAI group, and 10 μmol/L GEN+HCMV,HCMV+GEN group can down-regulate the IE1,IE2 genes expressions. ChIP results showed that compared with HCMV group, 20 μmol/L BAI+HCMV,HCMV+BAI group, and 10 μmol/L GEN+HCMV and HCMV+GEN group can reduce histone acetylation of MIEP. A certain concentration of BAI or GEN can inhibit the human astrocyte’s IE1 and IE2 to some extent. The inhibiting mechanism may be that BAI and GEN can decrease the expression of IE1,IE2 genes and also inhibit histone acetylation of MIEP, thus decrease the expression of IE1,IE2 genes, which makes BAI and GEN inhibit viral proliferation. Keywords: Human Cytomegalovirus, Human Astrocyte, Baicalein , Genistein, ChIP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-57 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201602969 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.969 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/969 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603969.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:53-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Monaliben Shah Author-Name: Gordon Thomson Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Microscopy Study of Xanthorrhoea glauca Leaves and Preliminary Investigation into Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Abstract: The present study examines an eco-friendly room temperature method for synthesising producing Ag nanoparticles using the phytochemicals present in indigenous Xanthorrhoea glauca leaves. The study investigated the transverse and longitudinal sections of the long reed-like leaves via optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to determine its structure. Microscopy was also used to determine the sites of nanoparticle synthesis within the leaf structure. While the leaf extract itself was also used to produce Ag nanoparticles from AgNO3. Particle shapes produced during the 20 minute incubation period consisted of cubes, truncated triangular and hexagonal plates ranging in size from 50 nm and 200 nm. Both energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to confirm Ag nanoparticle formation. Keywords: silver nanoparticles, biogenic synthesis, green chemistry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-62 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603970 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.970 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/970 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603970.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:58-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Armida Andrea Gil Salido Author-Name: Simon Bernard Iloki Assanga Author-Name: Lidianys María Lewis Luján Author-Name: Daniela Fernández Ángulo Author-Name: Claudia Lizeth Lara Espinoza Author-Name: Ana Lílian Acosta Silva Author-Name: José Luis Rubio Pino Title: Composition of Secondary Metabolites in Mexican Plant Extracts and Their Antiproliferative Activity towards Cancer Cell Lines Abstract: Background: Throughout the years humanity has used plants to treat different illnesses. Plants have several secondary metabolites such as phenol compounds, which have important biological activities. In this work, we evaluated the phytochemical screening, the phenol content and the antiproliferative activity of nine methanolic plants extract: Bucida buceras, Haemotoxylon brasiletto, Bursera hindsiana, Bursera microphylla, Ambrosia ambrosioides, Phoradendron californicum, Annona muricata, Morinda citrifolia, and Larrea tridentata, in murine cell lines: RAW 264.7 and L929; and human cell lines: A549, HeLa, 22Rv-1, BxPc-3, LS-180 and ARPE-19. Methods: The type metabolites in the sample were evaluated in a phytochemical screening. The phenols content present in the plant was evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu´s method and the antiproliferative activity wad determinate by MTT method, searching the IC50 value in each extract for each cell line. Results: The most abundant secondary metabolites in these plants were lactonic groups, saponins, phenols/tannins and flavonoids. The phenolic content fell in a range from 43.11 ± 6.22 to 827.74 ± 3.48 µgGAE/mg, the order from best to worst was: P. californicum (oak) > L. tridentata > B. buceras > H. brasiletto > B. microphylla > B. hindsiana > P. californicum (mesquite) > A. ambrosioides > A. muricata > M. citrifolia. While the better extracts in antiproliferative activity were: A. muricata, B. buceras, L. tridentata, H. brasiletto (range from 13.35 ± 0.74 to 163.73 ± 8.42 µg/mL), showing IC50 value similars to the cisplatin drug in the different cell lines. Conclusions: In this study was possible observe that the richest plants in secondary metabolites were B. buceras, H. brasiletto, B. hindsiana, M. citrifolia and P. californicum. The plant extract with the highest phenolic content was P. californicum of oak. While in the antiproliferative activity the best extracts were: A. muricata and L. tridentata in murine and human cell lines, and also B. buceras and H. brasiletto only in the case of human cell lines. Keywords: Antiproliferative activity, Medicinal plants, Cancer, Phenolic content, Phytochemical screening. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-77 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603971 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.971 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/971 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603971.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:63-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: C. A. Uzuke Author-Name: J. I. Mbegbu Title: Graphical Investigation of Ridge Estimators When the Eigenvalues of the Matrix (X'X) are Skewed Abstract: Methods of estimating the ridge parameter in ridge regression analysis are available in the literature. This paper proposed some methods based on the works of Lawless and Wang (1976) and Khalaf and Shurkur (2005). A simulation study was conducted and mean square error (MSE) criterion was used to compare the performances of the proposed estimators and some other existing ones. It was observed that the performance of the these estimators depend on the variance of the random error , the correlation among the explanatory variables , the sample size and the number of explanatory variables . The increase in the number of explanatory variables and increase in the sample size reduces the MSE of the estimators even when the correlation between the explanatory variables are high, but for small sample size, MSE increases as the values of increases. One of the proposed methods outperforms all the other existing and proposed methods considered in terms of MSE values. Keywords: Eigenvalues, Mean Square Error, Multicollinearity, Ridge regression, Skewness. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 78-100 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603972 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.972 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/972 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:78-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jing Wang Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: Effects of Combination Therapy with Cisplatin and Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Human Cervical Cancer Cells C33A Abstract: To investigated the inhibitory effect of cisplatin in combination with Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins against human cervical cancer cell lines in vitro. Cervical cancer C33A cells were cultured and divided into four groups: cisplatin group, Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins group, cisplatin with Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins group and the blank control group. Morphologic changes of C33A cells were observed under invert microscope after C33A cells were treated 48, and 72 h. The proliferation of C33A cells was determined by CCK8 assay. Apoptosis were evaluated by PE Annexin V staining. Both of these two agents induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in C33A cells in a dose-dependent manner. In combination, cisplatin and Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins amplified these regulatory effects compared to each agent alone. The inhibition of proliferation can be observed in cisplatin group and in Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins group with different concentrations, while the notable effect was showed in Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins group. Combination treatment of cisplatin and Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins produces synergistic influence on C33A cells. Keywords: cisplatin, Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins, human cervical cancer cells C33A Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 101-106 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603973 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.973 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/973 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603973.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:101-106 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lu Yun Author-Name: Xiao-Tang Zhao Author-Name: Wan-Bin Yin Title: Comparison of Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision (ELAPE) and Abdominal - Perineal Resection (APR) Abstract: To compare the difference between the extralevator abdominoperineal excision (ELAPE) and abdominal - perineal resection (APR) in circum ferencial resection margin (CRM) positive rate, intraoperative perforation (IOP) the incidence of postoperative wound infection, incision infection reoperation rate, surgical indications, operation time, hemorrhage volume, the recurrence rate, postoperative quality of life (perineal pain, urinary and reproductive function). By searching the literature about ELAPE and APR , reviewed their clinical value. ELAPE has greater advantages in reducing the CRM ,IOP and the recurrence rate in patients with low colorectal cancer , lowert he hemorrhage volume than the APR, but surgical area larger defects appear perineal pain, increase the incidence of urinary and reproductive dysfunction, and longer operative time with respect to the APR. APR is the first choice for low colorectal cancer patient with cT1 ~ 2 or ycT0 ~ 2 period ; after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapyand tumor stage ycT3 ~ 4 stage patients ELAPE is more appropriate, ELAPE in postoperative complications, postoperative quality of life aspect is also worth to wait. Keywords: Extralevator abdominoperineal excision, Abdominal -perineal resection: Low colorectal cancer, Perineal reconstruction, Circum ferencial resection margi Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 107-112 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603976 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.976 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/976 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603976.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:107-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samira Heydari Asl Author-Name: Reza Esmaeili Author-Name: Reza Shahmorady Author-Name: Ezat Allah Safaee Title: To Investigate the Factors on life Satisfaction (of Adolescents in Ahwaz) Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the factors of the life satisfaction of adolescents from Ahvaz to discuss the issue and determine the theoretical framework of relevant sociological perspectives and assumptions were derived from it. This research is a questionnaire survey and data collection, statistical population in this study, all adolescents Ahwaz city, the sample size was determined based on a sample of 384 people. In terms of when this study was conducted in 1393.The results show that all independent variables except the variable sense of fairness significant relationship with the dependent variable they do. Keywords: family life satisfaction, power structure, satisfy the need of feeling, a sense of security Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201603978 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.978 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/978 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lakshmaiah K. C Author-Name: Usha Amirtham Author-Name: Suresh Babu Author-Name: Venugopal Arroju Author-Name: Govind Babu K Author-Name: Lokanatha Dasappa Author-Name: Linu Abraham Jacob Author-Name: Lokesh K.N Author-Name: Rudresh AH Author-Name: Rajeev LK Author-Name: Sunny Garg Author-Name: Smitha Carol Saldanha Title: Adrenal Cortical Cancer from a Regional Cancer Center in South India Abstract: Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare cancer, with an incidence in the literature of 0.5 to 2 cases per million population per year which has a poor prognosis..There is limited data in Indian population. Hence we undertook this retrospective observational study of adrenal cortical carcinoma at our center in Southern India. This study includes 5 consecutive cases diagnosed as adrenal cortical carcinoma between January 2009 and December 2015 was included. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 113-118 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603981 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.981 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/981 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:113-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoping Liu Author-Name: Tongxi Yang Author-Name: Yi Wang Author-Name: Shasha Jiang Author-Name: Zhongjie Yu Title: The Effect of Bay 11-7082 Inhibits Rat BMSCs to Hepatocyte-Like Cells via NF-κB Signaling in Vitro Abstract: Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) could be induced into hepatocytes by different cytokines, which has a great potential in tissue engineering. However, the differentiation was not so efficient mainly due to the less understanding of molecular mechanism. Our objective was to investigate the effect of BAY 11-7082 on the differentiation of BMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. We observed the majority of differentiated cells were spherical or ovate in shape, indocyanine green (ICG) positive, α-1-antitrypsin (AAT) expression increased and NF-кB transferred into nuclear. Whereas the BMSCs additionally added with BAY 11-7082, which were showed fusiform or polygonal morphologies unchanged in shape, ICG uptake and AAT expression reduced, NF-кB scattered in the cytoplasm. These data suggest the activation of BAY 11-7082 may inhibit the differentiation of BMSCs into hepatocyte-like cells via NF-кB signaling. Keywords: BMSCs, Hepatocyte, Differentiation, NF-кB, Indocyanine green, BAY 11-7082, Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 119-126 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603984 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.984 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/984 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:119-126 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marwa Fathy Author-Name: Ahmed I. Omran Author-Name: Waheed A. Badway Title: Antireflective Coating Nanocrystalline α-Fe2O3 Layer for Solar Cell Applications Abstract: A new antireflective nano-coating of α-Fe2O3 for glass surfaces using dip-coating technique working in the visible and near infrared optical spectrum was developed and characterized. α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal process. Thermal transformation strategy is designed to transfer β-FeOOH into α-Fe2O3. The structure and morphology of the iron oxide nanoparticles were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Optical properties of antireflective coatings (ARC) deposited from ethanolic solution of α-Fe2O3 have been characterized. 93.4 % optical transmittance using optimal dip coating conditions (dipping rate – 3 cm/10 sec, coating time – 5min, and temperature – 25 ºC) for annealed powder at 300 °C for 1 hr. Keywords: Antireflective coating, α-Fe2O3, dip coating, optical properties Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 127-132 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603985 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.985 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/985 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:127-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hong Yu Author-Name: Jing Wang Author-Name: YujingWang Author-Name: Chunmei Liu Title: The Effects of siRNA SIRT1 on the Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cells Abstract: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA ) SIRT1 on the proliferation of human cervical cancer cells with the hopes of finding new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Chemical synthesis of siRNA targeted against SIRT1 were transfected into human cervical cancer C33A cells by Lipofectmine RNAi-MAX liposomes, on harvesting at 72h after transfection, the total RNA were extracted by the TRIZOL reagent and reverse transcribed into cDNA with the PrimeScript RT-PCR kit, and the expression level of SIRT1 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. The cell proliferation was performed by CCK-8 method. RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expression of siRNA SIRT1 group was significantly down-regulated (P<0.05) compared to the control groups. CCK-8 proliferation assay showed that the inhibition rate of siRNA SIRT1 group was 53.1%, while the negative control group was 35.4%, the inhibition rate of transfection reagent control group was 11.5%. The inhibition rate of siRNA-SIRT1 group was significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion SIRT1 siRNA could down-regulate the expression of SIRTl mRNA, inhibit the proliferation of C33A cells, suggesting that SIRTl has promoting abilities in human cervical cancer. Keywords: SIRT1, RNAi, Cervical cancer cell Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 133-136 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603986 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.986 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/986 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603986.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:133-136 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruike Wang Author-Name: Sai Li Author-Name: Xiuhai Wang Author-Name: Dan Wu Author-Name: Peng Yang Author-Name: Qifeng Yin Author-Name: Yujuan Wang Author-Name: Shiguo Liu Title: Association between COMT -287A/G (rs2075507) polymorphism and preeclampsia in a Chinese Han population Abstract: Previous study indicated that COMT might play a significant role in the development of preeclampsia（PE）. The purpose of our study is to investigate the association of COMT -287A/G polymorphism (rs2075507) with PE susceptibility in Chinese han population. 505 PE patients and 824 normal pregnant women were enrolled in our research. All the subjects were detected the genotype of COMT -287 loci by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Demographics and clinical data were performed using t test or Mann-Whitney test. The frequencies of the allelic and genotypic distribution between PE patients and healthy controls were analyzed by X2 test. No significant difference in the genotypic distribution was found between the patients and controls (x2 =0.13, p=0.94), while frequency of the allele showed a unstatistical significant difference (x2=0.07, p=0.79). The COMT -287A/G polymorphism might be associated with the PE in Chinese women. Further researches are yet needed to validate the relationship between the COMT -287A/G and the PE in different ethnic groups. Keywords: preeclampsia , COMT-287A/G, polymorphism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 137-142 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603987 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.987 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/987 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603987.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:137-142 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Onosemuode Author-Name: Abodurin Wasiu Adeyemi Title: The Use of Geoinformtics in Site Selection for Suitable Landfill for Poultry Waste: A Case Study of Amo Farms, AWE AFIJIO, Oyo State Abstract: This study focused on selection of suitable landfill site for poultry waste in Amo farms Nigeria Limited Awe, Afijio Local Government. The data sets used for the study include; Satellite imagery (Landsat) and topographic maps of the study area. The layers created include those for roads, water bodies, farm sites and the slope map of the study area to determine the degree of slope. The various created layers were subjected to buffering, overlay and query operations using ArcGis 9.3 alongside the established criteria for poultry waste site selection. At the end of the analytical processes, search query was used to generate two most suitable sites of an area that is less than or equal to 20,000m2 (2 hectares). Keywords: Poultry, waste, Site, Geoinformatics, Selection Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-24 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201603988 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.988 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/988 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604988.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:9-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adriana Lima de Sousa Author-Name: Cibele Maria Stivanin de Almeida Author-Name: Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Kaplan Author-Name: Rodrigo Rodrigues de Oliveira Title: A Chemosystematic Study of the Moraceae Family: An Analysis of the Metabolites from the Biosynthetic Mixed Pathway (Acetate/Shikimate) Abstract: The Moraceae family is a family of great importance amongst angiosperms. It consists of 37 genera and 1500 species, which are extensively distributed, and 23 genera and approximately 350 species alone have been described in Brazilian biomes. Intra-familiar classification, which is based on morphological and anatomical characteristics and on phylogenetic data, organizes the genera from the Moraceae family within the Artocarpeae, Castilleae, Dorstenieae, Ficeae and Moreae tribes. The purpose of the present study is to collaborate towards the understanding of the relationships between the genera and the tribes of this taxon by exploring chemosystematic data available for the Moraceae family, using grouping and factor analyses (CA and FA, respectively) as chemometric methods. The chemosystematic analysis was performed through a bibliographic survey of the number of occurrence of secondary metabolites isolated from the Moraceae family. Six hundred and seventy-eight papers were identified with the aid of ScIFinder, ranging from 1907 to 2014, enumerating 3728 special metabolites from this family, widely distributed within the Artocarpeae (1242), Castilleae (350), Dorstenieae (486), Ficeae (557) and Moreae (1071) tribes. According to the literature, the metabolite biogenesis in this family derives, mainly, from mixed pathways (1827), followed by the acetate (1280) and shikimate pathways (404). However, each tribe of the family shows a specific trend. For example, while the Artocarpeae and Moreae tribes prefer substances from the mixed route, the most predominant ones in the Castileae and Ficeae tribes are from the acetate pathway. The Dorstenieae tribe, on the other hand, presents a reasonable productive equity in this regard. Furthermore, the factor analysis made it possible to relate genera subordinated in the same tribe, due to their peculiarities regarding special metabolite biosynthesis and evolutionary advancement parameters of protection, oxidation and specialization. Finally, these data confirmed the advanced status of the Moraceae family in angiosperms. Keywords: Moraceae, Chemotaxonomy, Micromolecules Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 143-159 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603989 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.989 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/989 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603989.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:143-159 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feng Enqiang Author-Name: Ning Feng Author-Name: Li Xiaojing Author-Name: Song Xin Author-Name: Cao Yi Author-Name: Li Xiaohui Author-Name: Zhang Huaqiang Title: Study on Risk Factors of Older Female Sex Workers Infected with AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Abstract: Objectives This article aimed to figure out the epidemic situation and risk factors of AIDS and syphilis among old female sex workers (OFSWs) in Qingdao, and to provide foundation for aimed interventions. Methods In 2013, 406 cases of study participants were recruited in the qualitative research and community-based companion promotion survey, one-to-one questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples were taken to detect HIV and syphilis. Results There were 0 case of HIV-positive in older female sex workers and 120 cases of syphilis-positive in older female sex workers (29.6%); ANOVA showed that Qingdao local household register, age and whether HIV testing was done were risk factors for syphilis infection. Conclusion The syphilis infection rates of OFSWs in Qingdao were high, and the risks of infection and spread of AIDS were also increasing daily. Keywords: Older female sex workers, HIV/Syphilis, Infection, Risk factors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-30 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201603990 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.990 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/990 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604990.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:25-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nan Li Title: Ghrelin/GHS-R1a Signaling Modulates Emotional Learning and Memory Abstract: The amygdala complex is strongly involved in the formation of emotional memories, and GHS-R1a was found to be highly expressed in the lateral amygdala versus the central nucleus. Our previous study showed that micro-injection of ghrelin, the natural ligand of GHS-R1a, into lateral amygdala impairs memory in mice. Consistently, GHS-R1a KO mice shows enhanced memory. To explore the cellular mechanism mediating the effect of GHS-R1a signaling on emotional memory, we recorded spontaneous IPSCs and EPSCs in GHS-R1a KO and WT BL6 control mice. We found that GHS-R1a KO mice exhibited higher amplitude of IPSCs compared to that of control mice, while the EPSC We found that GHS-R1a KO mice exhibited higher frequency compared to that of control mice. Keywords: Ghrelin, GHS-R1a, emotional learning , emotional memory Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 160-163 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603993 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.993 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/993 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603993.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:160-163 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yaohui Wang Title: Ghrelin Affects Certain Forms of Learning and Memory in both Rats and Mice Abstract: Ghrelin is an recently discovered peptide hormones that play opposite roles in the food intake, body-weight control and energy homeostasis in both human and rodents. Beyond its appetite-control function, increasing evidence has shown that ghrelin affects multiple advanced activities in the central nervous system, including memory and emotion. However, the possible actions of ghrelin in those important brain regions are largely unknown. In this study, we micro-infused ghrelin into the lateral amygdala (LA) or area CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus (CA1) and investigated the immediate effects of those two peptide hormones on cognitive and affective behaviors. We found that the micro infusion of ghrelin into the LA or the CA1 interfered with certain types of learning and memory in both rats and mice. Our data thus suggested that ghrelin affects learning and memory. Keywords: Ghrelin,GHS-R1a,Amygdala,Hippocampus,Memory Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 164-168 Volume: 5 Issue: 03 Year: 2016 Month: March Number: V5201603994 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.994 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/994 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201603994.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:3:p:164-168 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lu Shan Title: Metric in Reference System Transformation Abstract: In the past physics the assumption in the Principle of Relativity that the metrics for the reference systems are completely equivalent always exists, i.e. the statement of metric in reference system transformation had an absolute significance, which are irrelevant to the motion state of the reference systems. Through the experiment of the wave motion on the water surface caused by translating the uniform falling water drops the author finds that the wave motion velocity is mutually independent and constant energy release velocity, not related to the motion state of the uniform falling water drops parallel to the water surface. If the uniform falling water drops are regarded as wave sources or clocks, the wavelengths or periods of relatively moving wave sources or clocks differ for different motion velocities and directions. Here we show that the metrics for the relatively moving reference systems vary in different motion states if the wave sources or clocks are regarded as reference systems, with each reference system having its own metric. The metrics in reference system are of no practical significance unless the metrics for the reference system are specified. Therefore, the universality of the assumption in the Principle of Relativity that the metrics for the reference systems are completely equivalent is insufficient for describing the natural phenomena. The conflict between the Principle of Light Propagation and the Principle of Relativity will disappear only if the assumption is abandoned. Keywords: Reference System, Metric, Wave Motion, Time Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 100-109 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201604995 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.995 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/995 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604995.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:100-109 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mamadou SADJI Author-Name: Ndèye Fatou NDIAYE Author-Name: Cheikna ZONGO Author-Name: Yves TRAORE Author-Name: Mohamadou Diop SALL Author-Name: Alfred TRAORE Title: A complementary food formulation from local products and exclusive use of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) juice for the cooking : Nutritional and health interest Abstract: Malnutrition and diarrheal foodborne diseases that affect children at weaning age are public health problems in developing countries. The objective of this study was to formulate a nutritious complementary food (CF) from available local products and investigate the potential of watermelon juice as alternative to contaminated cooking water as a means of preventing diarrhea and associated malnutrition. Three CF were cooked as follows: the first (CF1) “control” with water, the second (CF2) with “Kaolack” watermelon juice and the third (CF3) with “Koloss” watermelon juice. Carbohydrate content was increased (81.20 ± 0.81g/100g and 75.81 ±1.54 g /100g dry weight), respectively in CF2 and CF3 samples compared with CF1 (46.23 ± 1.30 g /100g dw). The fat level of CF1 (13.44 ± 0.94 g/100g dw) was higher than CF2 (9.53 ± 0.27g/100g dw) and CF3 (7.54 ± 0.36 g/100g dw). The protein levels of CF1, CF2 and CF3 were respectively 34.51 ± 1.30 g/100g dw, 30.08 ±0.54 g/100g dw, 26.83 ± 0.20 g/100g dw. L-citrulline contents were increased in CF2 (209.54 ± 0.21 mg/100g dw) and CF3 (212.43 ± 1.14 mg/100g dw) when compared to CF1 (39.35± 0.15 mg/100g dw) sample. All protein contents were sufficient and above the recommended value of 1.7 g/100 kcal (WHO/FAO/UNU (2002). Energy content met expectations, with CF2 (530.89 ± 7.83 Kacl/100g) and CF3 (478.42 ± 10.2 Kacl/100g) energy contents were higher than CF1 (443.92 ± 18.86 Kacl/100g) and could help reach the WHO energy recommended daily allowance for weaning food. CF2 and CF3 contained more calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and iron than CF1. Calcium, magnesium and iron contents were far above recommended levels. Also, this study showed that it is possible to have concomitantly adequate energy density and a thin complementary food viscosity when it is cooked exclusively with watermelon juice. Keywords: Malnutrition, Diarrhea, Children, Complementary food, Water contamination, Watermelon juice, Cooking Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-42 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201604996 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.996 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/996 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604996.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:31-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Christopher Onosemuode Author-Name: Tega L. Ataikiru Author-Name: Osayomwanbor E. Oghama Title: Assessment of Water Suitability for Irrigation in Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria Abstract: The assessment of water quality for irrigation was carried out on the Antau river and surrounding wells in Keffi. Samples were collected along the river course; 150m apart using standard methods and at five different points using the grab technique. Also, samples were collected from wells in the study area. The colorimetric and titrimetric methods were used for water sample analysis. These methods were used to determine the presence of several elements in the different water samples used for agricultural purposes. Electrical conductivity, pH, nitrate, boron, temperature, total nitrogen, sulphate, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and adjusted sodium adsorption ratio (Adj. SAR) were determined for the samples. The values of the parameters were compared with recommended standards. A comparative analysis was carried out between river and well water. The high value of total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity were indications of the presence of high amount of salts in water. Bicarbonates concentration was low in the study area with mean values of 0.6075 and 0.0153 for river Antau and wells, respectively. Low values of 0.0054 - 0.0283 (Antau river) and 0.0216 - 1.4257 (well) of boron were obtained in this study. The water from the Antau River and wells were classified using sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and electrical conductivity as stated by salinity hazards United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as bad, marginal, moderate and good water. On the whole, well water was better than the Antau River but both sources of water can be used for agricultural purposes. Keywords: Irrigation, Water, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Suitability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-19 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V5201604998 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.998 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/998 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201607998.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:11-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shweta Yadav Title: Screening of Immunocompetent Coelomic Cells in Earthworms Abstract: This study describes digital diagnostics density of different coelomic cells in various species of earthworms. Immunocompetent coelomic cells, of different species of earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Eudichogaster prashadi and Perionyx sansibaricus) were isolated and subcultured with exposure of modified cold shock treatment. Study shows that concurrent density of amoebocyte and eleocyte of various species of earthworms can be maintained efficiently for in-vitro studies. The number of coelomocytes per gram of body weight was recorded highest (5.0± 0.8 x106 /g) in E.fetida and lowest (2.8± 0.7 x106 /g) in P.sansibaricus. A high percentage of autofluroscence was recorded in eleocyte of Eisenia fetida followed by Perionyx sansibaricus. Aggregates of pigmented granules and brown bodies were recorded almost in all granular amoebocytes and were significantly high in E. prashadi. Study may serve as useful aid in further immuno-cytochemical bioremediation studies and to decipher mechanism of uptake of by coelomic cells of earthworms. Keywords: Coelomocytes, immunocompetent cells, eleocytes, imunocytochemiccal defence in earthworms, coelomic cells of earthworms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-51 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V5201604999 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.999 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/999 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V5201604999.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:43-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodrigo Rodrigues de Oliveira Author-Name: Queitilane de Souza Sales Author-Name: Fernanda Manhães Braga Gonçalves Author-Name: Amaro Chaves Ramos Author-Name: Marina Meirelles Paes Author-Name: Maria Raquel Garcia Vega Author-Name: Milton Masahiko Kanashiro Author-Name: Rodrigo Rodrigues de Oliveira Title: Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxic activity of Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) Abstract: Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) is a small shrub which grows in Africa and tropical America, where it is popularly known as “tipim”, “tipi” and “guiné”. The leaves are used in folk medicine as diuretic, sedative or analgesic. Phytochemical investigation led to the identification of eight compounds, six of which are being described for the first time in this species: stigmasterol, stigmastenol, stigmastanol, loliolide, 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone and benzyl-β-glucopyranoside. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions presented good antitumor activity besides low toxicity. The compounds isolated from the above mentioned fractions were also tested and showed good antitumor activity, which confirms a significant potential of steroids as antitumor agents. These results indicate the potential of P. alliacea as source of antitumor agents. Keywords: Phytolaccaceae, Petiveria alliacea, Steroids, Antitumor Activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-58 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V52016041000 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1000 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1000 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016041000.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:52-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoming Xing Author-Name: Qiu-xia Ji Author-Name: Li-li Wang Author-Name: Lin Li Title: Expression and Significance of GRP78 and HER-2 in Colorectal Cancer Abstract: Background and objective GRP78 and HER-2 expression are related to disease behaviors in various cancers. Previous research has shown that GRP78 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer and plays an important role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. And evidence for HER-2 expression in colorectalcancer is contradictory for the protein expression status and prognostic value. In our study, we aim to investigate GRP78 and HER-2 expression in colorectal cancer and explore their association with clinicopathological features. Methods Immnunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of GRP78 and HER-2 in 117 cases of colorectal carcinoma and corresponding adjacent tissues were selected for comparative analysis. Results The positiverate of GRP78 and HER-2 were 68.4% (80/117) and 38.5% (45/117) respectively. The expression of GRP78 and HER-2 in gender, age, tumor size, tumor position, histological grade, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis had no significant difference (all P > 0.05); No relationship between GRP78 and HER-2 expression was detected ( P = 0.089). Conclusion GRP78 and HER-2 were not predictors for development and progression in CRC patients. The results do not support any relationship between GRP78 and HER-2 expression in this setting. Keywords: GRP78, HER-2, Colorectal cancer, Immunohistochemistry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 59-63 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V52016041001 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1001 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1001 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016041001.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:59-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shweta Yadav Title: Deciphering Role of Gut Micro-biome of Earthworms in Bio-remediation Process using Metagenome Abstract: Over the past few centuries the human activities for exploration of natural resources had a negative impact on the global balance including soil ecosystem. Nature has its ways of resolving imbalances in the environment and organisms are one of the best tools of nature to eliminate toxic pollutants. The biological process of eliminating pollutants (bioremediation) with activities of earthworms and associated gut micro-biome may translate to improve bioremediation process and to improve soil health. Present study focused to decipher role of gut microbes of earthworms using metagenomic approach. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-67 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V52016041002 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1002 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1002 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016041002.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:64-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Author-Name: Shoqing Wen Title: The DNA Y-STRs Profile of Louis XVI (1754-1793) Abstract: We have obtained, for the first time, the Y-STRs profile of the King of France Louis XVI (1754-1793). His genomic DNA was extracted from his authentic hairs, that were studied by optic and electronic microscopy. Louis XVI’s Y-STRs profile is very similar to those of three living Bourbons previously published , differing from them by three Y-STRs allele values only. Dating estimates of the divergence time of the common ancestor (Louis XIII) between Louis XVI and the living Bourbons correspond to the observed genealogical time. K.W. Naundorff, the famous pretender, is certainly not a Louis XVI’s natural son. Keywords: Y-chromosome STRs profile , Louis XVI , dating of the divergence time since Louis XIII Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-93 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V52016041005 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1005 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1005 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016041005.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:68-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuan Wang Author-Name: Jianhui Tian Author-Name: Yongchen Sun Author-Name: Xiaxia Wang Title: Association of Microalbuminuria and IL-6, ET-1 and NO in Patients with Essential Hypertension Abstract: Objective: Research had shown that hypertension was the main risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). Hypertension with microalbuminuria (MAU) is the important mark of target organ damage and endothelial function impaired, and also the independent factor for CHD. This paper aimed to explore the mechanism that patients with hypertension combined MAU increased the risk of CHD by investigating the relationship between MAU and IL-6, ET-1, NO in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods: To select 132 patients with essential hypertension who were hospitalized in the affiliated hospital of Qingdao university from October 2014 to July 2015. According to the MAU levels, there were 2 experimental groups in this experiment: MAU positive group (MAU>30 mg/l) and MAU negative group (MAU<30 mg/l). And 50 healthy persons in physical examination center of the same hospital were selected as a normal control group. All patients were performed blood routine, urinary routine, stool routine and biochemical analysis. IL-6 level and ET-1 level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. NO level was determined by nitrate reductase method. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 19.0. Results: The serum IL-6 (103.45±4.89pg/ml), ET-1 (209.62±5.00pg/ml) and systolic blood pressure (174.59±25.75mmHg) levels in MAU positive group were obviously higher than that in the MAU negative group. The difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The serum NO level (19.76±2.48umol/l) in MAU positive group was significantly lower than that in the MAU negative group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The multi-factor regression analysis showed that the IL-6 (B=0.206, p=0.021), ET-1 (B=0.594, p<0.01), were positively correlated to MAU, while NO (B=-0.380, p=0.012) was negatively correlated to MAU. Conclusion: (1) The levels of IL-6 and ET-1 in hypertensive patients with MAU increased significantly, and the NO level decreased. (2) IL-6，ET-1 were positively correlated to MAU, while NO was negatively correlated to MAU. (3) Hypertension with MAU has important clinical significance. It needs more attention and effective management. Keywords: Essential hypertension, Microalbuminuria, Interleukin-6, Endothelin-1, Nitric Oxide, Coronary heart disease Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 94-99 Volume: 5 Issue: 04 Year: 2016 Month: April Number: V52016041006 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1006 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1006 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016041006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:4:p:94-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Aruna Author-Name: M. Srinivas Title: Diversity of Blue Green Algae from Paddy Fields Abstract: Blue green algae are found in all types of aquatic bodies. Paddy fields represent one such habitat. An attempt has been made to isolate cyanobacteria from paddy fields of Siddipet region in Telangana State. Blue Green Algae are the most important nitrogen fixing organisms because of their autotrophic nutrition and flourish in paddy fields and known to sustain the fertility of this ecosystem. This paddy ecosystem allows BGA to function properly, selectively and effectively.To initiate the study, soil samples were collected in clean polythene bags. At the time of collection, the surface of the sampling station was cleaned by removing small stones, pebbles and grasses. The collected samples were brought to the laboratory, cultures were maintained and periodical observations were made on alga appearing in the cultures. As many as 34 species of cyanobacteria were identified.Both heterocystous and non- heterocystous forms were observed. The Nostocaceae has been reported by maximum number of genera and species. The genera Scytonema, Oscillatoria, Nostoc and Lyngbya were represented by maximum number of species. Keywords: Paddy fields, Heterocystous and non-heterocystous forms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-30 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016041010 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1010 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1010 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:27-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Suresh Babu Author-Name: Usha Amirtham Author-Name: Lokesh K.N Author-Name: Govind Babu.K Author-Name: Lakshmaiah K.C Author-Name: Lokanatha Dasappa Author-Name: C.S. Premalata Author-Name: Linu Abraham Jacob Author-Name: Rudresh AH Author-Name: Rajeev LK Author-Name: Venugopal Arroju Title: Ovarian Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma from a Regional Cancer Centre in South India Abstract: Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of Ovary is a rare cancer. There is limited data in Indian population. Hence we undertook this retrospective observational study at our center in Southern India. This study includes 5 consecutive cases diagnosed as Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of Ovary between January 2009 and December 2015. Primary Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) of the ovary is rare with an incidence in the literature of 0.5% of NHL and 1.5% of ovarian tumours. Diffuse large B-cell type accounts for about 20% of PONHL. We studied five cases of primary ovarian NHL. All cases were diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of ovary. The patients ranged in age from 41years to 59 years with median age of presentation 50 years. Pain abdomen was the most common symptom (3/5-60%). According to Ann Arbor stage- Advanced stage ( IVE) was seen in 3 patients ( 60 %) and the rest 2 patients (40% ) had stage IE. 4 patients had Eastern co-operative oncology group (ECOG) performance status -1 and 1 patient had ECOG PS -2. B symptoms were seen in 3 out of 5 patients (60 %). According to IPI, 3 patients (60%) were in low intermediate risk and 2 patients (40%) had low risk score. 1 case was positive for BCL-6, 1 case was positive for CD10, 3 cases were positive for BCL-2, and 4 cases were positive for CD 20 . Patients were treated by various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Overall survival ranged from 6 months to 41 months with median OS of 23 months. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-35 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016041011 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1011 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1011 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:31-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piero Chiarelli Title: The CPT-RICCI Scalar Curvature Symmetry in Quantum Electro-Gravity Abstract: In this work the quantum electro-gravitational equations are derived for half spin charged particles with the help of the hydrodynamic quantum formalism. The equations show the reversing of the trace of the Ricci curvature in passing from matter to antimatter and that the CPT transformation, associated to the reversing of the trace of the Ricci curvature, leads to a more general symmetry in quantum gravity. Keywords: quantum gravity, quantum Kaluza Klein model, CPT symmetry in quantum gravity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-58 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016041012 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1012 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1012 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:36-58 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bahareh Heydari Title: Regeneration of Place Identity in Urban Space (Case study: Baharestan Square in Iran) Abstract: The physical structure of the Iranian cities has been changed in Islamic era. Square and street are two important spatial elements of Islamic cities. Square, has been religious (e.g., Mosques) and economical (e.g., the markets) roles. Also, it has been as a common place around which governmental buildings were constructed, gained momentum. Thus, Squares are memorized place for residents. This research has been studied Baharestan square in Iran as historical urban space. The aim of this paper is, achieving to identity in value urban spaces. This research is applied and the research method is "descriptive-analytical". In order to data collected was used questionnaire tool. So, in order to analyzing data was used SPSS software and SWOT technique. Keywords: Regeneration, place identity, Baharestan square Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 59-68 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016051015 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1015 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1015 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:59-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mamadou SADJI Author-Name: Lat Souk TOUNKARA Author-Name: Ndèye Fatou NDIAYE Author-Name: Cheikna ZONGO Author-Name: Yves TRAORE Author-Name: Mohamadou Diop SALL Author-Name: Alfred TRAORE Title: Canning Mushrooms with Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Juice : Nutritional and Health Interest Abstract: Canning edible mushrooms using water bath is commonly applied for long-term storage. However, nutrients and bioactive substances can be leached out from mushrooms during the canning process. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of watermelon juice as alternative to the boiling water bath and as a means of improving the nutritional value of canned mushrooms. Three samples of Pleurotus sajor-caju were canned as follows: the first (CKKwmj) with 150 ml of “Kaolack” watermelon juice, the second (CKLwmj) with 150 ml of “Koloss” watermelon juice and the third (Cwt) “control” with 150 ml of tap water. After sterilization, samples were brought to room temperature for 45 days. Carbohydrate content was increased (6.68 ± 0.03 g /100 g and 6.65 ± 0.05 g /100 g dry weight), respectively in samples from CKKwmj and CKLwmj cans compared with Cwt (6.50 ± 0.04 g /100 g dw). The filling mediums KKwmj and KLwmj were also a source of carbohydrates with respectively 7.05 ± 0.06 g /100 g and 7.22 ± 0.04 g /100g dw. The proteins levels of CKLwmj and CKKwmj were approximately equal to Cwt (3.35 ± 0.03 g/100 g dw). L-citrulline content from CKLwmj (66.34 ± 0.07 mg /100 g dw) was higher than CKKwmj (48.15 ± 0.05 mg/100 g dw) and Cwt (48.06 ± 0.08 mg/100 g dw). In addition, L-citrulline contents of cans filled with KLwmj and KKwmj were respectively 297.5 ± 0.08 mg/100 g dw and 258.5 ± 0.09 mg/100 g dw. Energy content of samples were low, the highest value was observed in mushrooms from CKLwmj (45.11 ± 0.15 Kcal/100 g dw) and was slightly above on the “control” (43.72 ± 0.15 Kcal/100 g dw). This study shows that canning mushrooms with watermelon juice could be a source of minerals (potassium, phosphorus, magnesium). Keywords: Mushroom, Canning process, Watermelon juice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 69-74 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016051016 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1016 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1016 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:69-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. B. Iren Author-Name: D. J. Udoh Author-Name: U. O. Ufot Author-Name: J. N. Chukwuemeka Title: Influence of Local Lime Materials and Organomineral Fertilizer on Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia Occidentalis) Performance in an Ultisol of Southeastern Nigeria Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 cropping seasons at the University of Calabar Teaching and Research Farms in Cross River State, Nigeria to evaluate the influence of locally sourced liming materials and organomineral fertilizer on the performance of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). Eight treatments used were: control (no amendment), sole application of wood ash (WA), cocoa pod ash (CPA), periwinkle shells ash (PSA), organomineral fertilizer (OMF) each applied at 8 t/ha and the combinations of each of the lime materials with OMF. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Chemical composition of the amendments used showed that the pH values of the materials varied in the order CPA > WA > OMF > PSA. Calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) contents were highest in CPA (44.80 cmol/kg, 0.17 cmol/kg) while magnesium (Mg) was highest in WA (20.40 cmol/kg). Results showed that lime and OMF applied separately or in combination increased soil pH values significantly (P < 0.05) relative to the control with the highest value of 5.87 obtained from plots treated with OMF +WA. There were also significant increases in soil available phosphorus (P), basic nutrients (Ca, Mg, K) and base saturation. Significant (P<0.05) increases in growth parameters (vine length, number of leaves) and yield of fluted pumpkin were observed. The highest yield (596.82 kg/ha) obtained at 10 WAP from OMF + CPA treated plot was not significantly higher than the yields of 586.67 and 577.67 kg/ha obtained from OMF + PSA and OMF + WA treated plots, respectively. Therefore, for improved soil nutrients, sustainable and better performance of fluted pumpkin in an acid Ultisol of South Eastern Nigeria, the combination of any of the lime materials with OMF is recommended. Keywords: Lime materials, organomineral fertilizer, soil properties, coastal plain sand soil, fluted pumpkin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 75-81 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016051017 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1017 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1017 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:75-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Author-Name: Kam Ling Chan Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Title: Gold Nanoparticle Treated Textile-Based Materials for Potential use as Wearable Sensors Abstract: Wearable sensors for monitoring and clinical applications for non-hospital-based healthcare has the potential to significantly reduce healthcare costs and permit individuals to maintain an independent lifestyle free of the constraints imposed by hospital-based care. Wearable, small chemical sensors have the potential to deliver a wide range of reliable on body monitoring systems for personal monitoring and detecting chemicals in the environment. The present work investigates the potential of using widely available commercial fabric materials as chemical sensors. Various fabrics including natural, synthetics and blends of both natural and synthetic were treated with gold nanoparticle solutions to determine the treatments effectiveness in changing a materials electrical resistance. The studies found treating the fabrics reduced the materials resistive characteristics. The study also found that treated natural silk fabrics could also be used to detect ethanol vapour. Thus, making treated silk fabrics a potential chemical sensor. Keywords: textiles, gold nanoparticles, electrical resistance, wearable, chemical sensors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 82-89 Volume: 5 Issue: 05 Year: 2016 Month: May Number: V52016051018 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1018 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1018 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016051018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:5:p:82-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Maria Fernanda W. Facio Author-Name: Jeronimo Jose Neto Author-Name: Lais Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Daniel Almeida de Oliveira Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Arruda Author-Name: Felipe Azenha Lamônica Author-Name: Germano José Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Luis César Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Morbidity and Mortality of Patients Submitted to Radical Prostatectomy in a Teaching Hospital Abstract: Screening for prostate cancer has contributed to an increase in the diagnosis of tumors, probably of moderately differentiated tumors and consequent reduction in the mortality rate. Radical prostatectomy surgery (RPT), along with radiotherapy, brachytherapy, and in some selected cases, active surveillance, is considered the gold standard in the treatment of localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the complications of patients undergoing RPT in Hospital de Base São José do Rio Preto. A retrospective study was carried out in 78 patients through a review of patient records between January 2005 and December 2010. Descriptive statistical analysis was used. Of the 78 patients included in this study, 71 had complications related to the surgical procedure. Common morbidities included erectile dysfunction (55.1%) and urinary incontinence (44.8%). Complications mainly occurred in patients older than 70 years (49%). The mortality rate due to postoperative complications was 1.2%. Post-operative complication rates in this study are consistent with previous studies although the mortality rate was slightly higher may reflect the experience of the surgeons who performed the procedure. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Radical prostatectomy, Morbidity, Mortality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-41 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061034 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1034 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1034 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061034.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:39-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Etore Andrade da Silva Author-Name: Nilton Ghiotti de Siqueira Author-Name: Luis César Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Arruda Author-Name: José Germano F. Arruda Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Interposition of the Appendix for Ureteral Reconstruction in a Patient Treated for Fibrosarcoma Abstract: The use of the appendix to reconstruct or replace the ureter is a feasible option in different situations. We present the case of ureteral reconstruction by interposition of the appendix in a patient treated for fibrosarcoma with resection of the retroperitoneal mass adhered to the mesentery and the upper third of the right ureter without cleavage plane. After reconstruction, the patient evolved with a urinary fistula that was resolved on the 29th day after conservative treatment. A computed tomography urography 30 days after surgery showed patency of the anastomosis and closure of the fistula. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a patient submitted to ureteral reconstruction by interposition of the appendix in the surgical treatment of fibrosarcoma. Keywords: Appendix, Ureteral reconstruction, Fibrosarcoma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-44 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061035 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1035 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1035 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061035.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:42-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osamu Takagi Author-Name: Masamichi Sakamoto Author-Name: Hideo Yoichi Author-Name: Hideyuki Kokubo Author-Name: Kimiko Kawano Author-Name: Mikio Yamamoto Title: An Unknown Force Awakened by A Pyramidal Structure Abstract: We have been studying a non-contact effect by a meditator in a pyramidal structure on bio-sensors which are placed some distance from the meditator. So far we have demonstrated a meditator’s non-contact effect with very high statistical accuracy and also discovered that the non-contact effect has a time dependence. However, the details of the experimental results were completely opposite our expectations. Namely, to our surprise, the non-contact effect was detected when the meditator was not in the pyramidal structure, and it was not detected when the meditator was in the pyramidal structure. In this paper, we conducted a verification experiment to clarify the factors that led to the unexpected experimental results; in particular, we wanted to identify the necessary conditions for the non-contact effect to come into play. The verification experiment consisted of four patterns in which the presence/absence of the meditator and the presence/absence of the pyramidal structure are the differences in the experimental conditions. Before the verification experiment, we evaluated eight possible results which were expected from the four patterns. From the results of the verification experiment, we verified that the non-contact effect on bio-sensors was undetectable in the meditation period, regardless of the presence or absence of the meditator and the pyramidal structure. Furthermore, we showed that the condition in which the meditator is in the pyramidal structure during the meditation period is the only condition for the non-contact effect to be detected after the meditation period. The results of the verification experiment further solidified the hypothesis that had been proposed in our previous paper about the origin of the non-contact effect, i.e., how it comes into play. The hypothesis is as follows: The meditator exerts a peculiar influence on the environment around him, which does not have a direct effect on the bio-sensors. However, this peculiar influence is transformed by the pyramidal structure, which then has an effect on the bio-sensors. Keywords: meditator, pyramidal structure, non-contact effect, delayed effect, bio-sensor, cucumber, gas Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-56 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061038 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1038 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1038 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061038.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:45-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Surendar Singh Author-Name: M N Kaul Title: Quaternary Glacial History of Naradu Valley, Kinnar Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh Abstract: The Himalayan glaciers, presently confined above the altitude of 4000m, have existed at the lower altitude levels in the geological past. Glaciers of Quaternary period in Himalaya have retreated continuously with punctuations of minor advances. The evidences of glacial extent and its subsequent retreat can be observed in the form of various landforms in the glacial landscape attributing their origin to glacial and glacio-fluvial geomorphic processes that operated in the geological past. For documenting the palaeoglaciation, it is desirable to have uninterrupted stratigraphic data for a long period. The Quaternary deposits that are main source of data imprints are frequently discontinuous in three dimensions and are a mixture of glacial, glacio-fluvial and fluvial sediments. Thus, the effect of one environment under which the sediments have initially originated gets modified by the influence of other environment, which is responsible for their subsequent transportation and deposition. However, the study of sediments of Quaternary terrain provides a clue to understand the processes in the past and environment in which they originated. Kaul (1990), reconstructed the Quaternary history of Liddar Valley on the basis of pollen analysis, lichenometry, fossil flora and glacial geomorphologic evidences. Dodia, Agarwal and Vora, (1985) gave a summary of climate and geology of Kashmir for last four million years on the basis of pollen analysis of Kashmir Bogs. Mazari, Bagati, Chauhan and Rajagopalam, (1993) recorded their investigation on Trans-Himalayan Lahul-Spiti region and constructed palaeoclimatic record of the area for last 2000 years on the basis of lacustrine facies and pollen analysis. Lewis A. Owen, Christine H. Scott and Edward Derbishire (2000) in their paper on Quaternary glacial history of Nanga Parbat indicated that glacier advanced between 12km to 15km from present ice front.According to them, the maximum extent of glaciation in Nanga Parbat occurred during the early part of last glacial cycle followed by two re-advances or period of stagnation during Pleistocene/Holocene times. This was formulated on the basis of glacial deposits in the valleys and decline in the sub-glacial component. Koul and Ganjoo (2009), described the Quaternary Glacial History of Baspa Valley based on geomorphological evidences and multi-proxy analysis of palaeo lake profile and C14dating. They suggested two glacial advances followed by gradual three recessions after the second glacial advance. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V52016061039 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1039 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1039 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121039.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pierre Effa Onomo Author-Name: Mbia Ronelle Fabiola Author-Name: Achu Mercy Bih Author-Name: Martine Louise Ondobo Author-Name: Kancsi Germain Title: Heterosis and Heritability of Chemical Quality of Butter Derived from Some Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Clones Abstract: Butter from dry cocoa beans of five cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) clones and their intercrossed hybrids were analyzed for chemical quality (acid, peroxide and iodine) in order to gain insight on the heterosis and broad-sense heritability values for these traits. Standard procedures were used for estimation of the lipid content and the indices. Hybrid F20 had the highest lipid content (59.7%) while the parent SCA12 and hybrid F12 had the lowest with 44.5 and 45% respectively. The acid index varied between 19.4 and 28.8 mg KOH/g, iodine index from 10.2 to 30.5 g/100g and peroxide index from 0.3 to 7.3 meq.g O2/kg. The acid index was higher than recommended limits for edible oils, iodine index lower and peroxide index within the international norms for conventional oils. Hybrids F12, F40 and F79 presented a positive mid-parent heterosis for acid index while F14, F13, F20 and F79 showed it for peroxide index. With regards to best-parent heterosis, only F40, F13 and F79 for acid index and F14 and F13 for peroxide index showed positive heterosis effect. For iodine index, about 71 % of hybrids showed a positive mid-parent heterosis. The acid and peroxide indices showed high heritability (while the iodine index had moderate heritability) estimates and this heritability could be said to be cytoplasmic except for the reciprocal hybrids F13 and F79 (acid index). The Principal component analysis categorized two distinct groups of six individuals each. Quality characteristics were moderate for butter obtained from the first cluster and lower for the second one. When all these quality parameters are taken into account, F79 and its reciprocal hybrid F13 showed the highest hybrid vigour. Their parents can be therefore considered as the best combination for producing hybrids with high nutritional oil quality vigour. Keywords: Cocoa butter, parameters of qualities, heterosis, heritability, Theobroma cacao L. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-64 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061043 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1043 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1043 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:57-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samaneh Soradi Zeid Author-Name: Mostafa Yousefi Title: A Neural Network Approach for Solving Fractional-Order Model of HIV Infection of CD4+T-Cells Abstract: In this paper the perceptron neural networks are applied to approximate the solution of Fractional-order model of HIV infection of CD4+T-cells that includes a system of fractional differential equations (FDEs). We converted this model to a system of Volterra integral equations. Then, by using perceptron neural networks ability in approximating a nonlinear function, we propose approximating functions to approach parameters of this system of Volterra integral equations. By obtaining the approximated solution of this system, the unknown parameters of the original fractional HIV model are adjusted. Numerical results illustrate this approach is simple and accurate when applied to systems of FDEs. Keywords: Fractional HIV infection model, Volterra integral equation, Perceptron neural networks, Fractional differential equation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 65-69 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061044 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1044 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1044 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:65-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahabat S. Saeed Author-Name: Atiya K. Mohammed Author-Name: Rowshan J. Azeez Title: Pregnancy Outcome in Ladies Aged 40 Years and Above Abstract: Many women today are delaying childbearing until the fourth decade of life. The reasons for these delays are multiple and include pursuance of professional careers and delaying of marriage. To study the impact of the maternal age on pregnancy outcome in ladies ≥40 years old. This is a prospective observational case control study conducted at Sulaimania Maternity Teaching Hospital. Time of data collection was from 1st of December 2013 to the 1st of June 2014. A total of 300 women were included in the study, 150 cases aged 40 and above as a study group and 150 cases aged 20-29 as a control group, these cases were collected from labour room and operative theatres. All the women included in the study, gave verbal consent and the following informations were obtained by questionnaire forms : Age, parity, gestational age of her pregnancy by LMP and US, any complications during pregnancy like PET, GDM, PIH, PROM, APH, PPH, past medical history, past surgical history and obstetrical history has been also recorded. Duringlabour fetal heart rate monitoring was done with intermittent auscultation by sonic aid only, if meconium detected in the liquor or any fetal HR abnormality then continuous (FHR) monitoring was done until delivery. Mode of delivery by vaginal delivery (normal or operative vaginal delivery) or by caesarean section and its indications were also recorded. Fetal outcome was measured by APGAR scores at 1st& 5th minute, birth weight, admission to neonatal care unit, and during the period of admission observation of development of any neonatal complications including respiratory distress, meconium aspiration syndrome, neonatal death or improvement and discharge were recorded. After discharge from NCU and hospital, follow up of the babies for one month was done by phone calling of the family of the baby and asking about his/her health and if developed any complications or readmitted again to hospital these information also were recorded. A total of 150 cases aged from 20-29 women were enrolled in the study as a control group and 150 cases aged 40 and more were enrolled as a study group. Mean gestational age of the study group was 37.4 + 2.0 weeks and 38.4 + 1.7 weeks in the control group, the difference was statistically highly significant, P<0.01. Gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, placenta abruption were significantly higher in the study group (26.0%, 45.3%, 8.7%, respectively) compared to control group (11.3%, 16.0%, 1.3% respectively). Caesarean deliveries were high (61.3%) in the study group and it was much higher with history of previous caesarean (48.9%). Incidence of PPH was higher in the study group (30.7%) compared to (16.0%) in control group. APGAR at fifth minute was approximately similar in both groups and statistically was not significant. Admission to neonatal care unit NCU was (50.7%) in study group compared to (16.0%) in control group. Neonatal mortality was high (1.3%) in study group than control group(0.0%). Study conclude Women aged 40 years and above have increased risk of complications during pregnancy and they have a higher risk of operative delivery. Despite of these complications and increased of maternal morbidity in the older women, the overall neonatal outcome did not appear to be affected. Keywords: Pregnancy, maternal age > 40, maternal outcome, fetal outcome Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-79 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061048 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1048 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1048 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061048.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:70-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laurence Garcia Author-Name: Ma. Mayla Imelda Lapa Author-Name: Daisy Palompon Title: Surviving Typhoon Yolanda (Haijan): Experiences of Older Adults in a Rural Area in the Philippines Abstract: This study explored the lived experiences of the older adults affected by the Typhoon Yolanda(Haijan). Using Husserl’s Phenomenological design, this study interviewed nine informants through a Focus Group interview to generate their experiences during the prior to, during and after the typhoon. Data gathering and analysis were done using Collaizi’s method which produced descriptions of the informants’ experiences. The findings generated six emergent themes describing the lives experiences as: living and reliving experiences of fear, enhanced physical burden, loss and helplessness, selflessness, social bond and rebuilding lives. The themes generated described the experiences of older adults from a negative translated into positive experiences. The findings present the uniqueness of the lived experiences of older adults during a disaster. Keywords: lived experiences, older adults, Typhoon Haijan (Yolanda), phenomenology, Collaizi’s method Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016061049 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1049 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1049 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wenxiu Han Author-Name: Hongwei Zang Author-Name: Yucui Zang Author-Name: Shiguo Liu Author-Name: Yinlin Ge Title: Study on DEHAL1 Mutations in Patients with Congenital Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Goiter Abstract: The objective of this research is to study the types and characteristics of DEHAL1 gene mutation in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and thyroid goiter from Shandong Province, which can provide some evidence for gene diagnosis of CH. 47 cases of patients who were diagnosed as CH combined with thyroid goiter by neonatal screening and 100 normal controls were selected as subjects and their genome DNA were extracted. All the exons were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were sequenced by direct sequencing (Sanger sequencing). DNA sequencing results were compared to the DEHAL1 gene reference sequence to see whether there was mutation, and χ2 test was used on the gene frequency of discovered Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP). The results showed that no DEHAL1 gene mutation was found in 60 cases of CH with thyroid goiter patients and 100 normal controls, however, two SNPs were found(rs672766, IVS3+129C>T; rs2076292, IVS3+142C>T) in intron region. There was no significant difference between the SNP rate in CH patients and normal controls (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that DEHAL1 gene mutation rate is very low which may not be the main factor leading to the congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with thyroid goiter in Shandong Province, China. Keywords: Congenital hypothyroidism, DEHAL1, Thyroid goiter, Mutation, Child Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-86 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061050 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1050 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1050 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061050.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:80-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zuolin Zhu Author-Name: Jonathan Zhu Author-Name: Shanqing Sun Author-Name: Tongxing Xie Title: Reversed Optical Rotation between Bispyridyl Diols and Their Dioxolanes Might Shed Explanation for the Evolution of Chirality Abstract: Chiral bis(pyridyl)ethanediols and their corresponding dioxolanes have reversed optical rotation. The observed property of these chemicals could consummate the CP-light destruction hypothesis for the appearance of pure chiral molecules for the evolution of chirality. Because bis(aryl)ethanediols are photolabile protecting groups, the diols and their corresponding dioxolanes might be potentially very small molecular switches. Keywords: CP-light destruction hypothesis, chiroptical molecular switch, pyridyl compounds Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-23 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016061051 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1051 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1051 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:20-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adel F. Al-Kholy Author-Name: Manal Hassan Author-Name: Mohamed A. Mansour Author-Name: Ahmed H. Rizk Title: Tissue Extract Fluid Cytokine Levels as Markers for Wound Vitality Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate ability of estimation of tissue extract fluid (TEF) levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 for differentiation between antemortem (AM) and postmortem (PM) wounds and for rough determination of wound age. Materials & Methods: The study included 20 patients arrived to Surgical Emergency Department (ED) with severe trauma requiring surgical intervention and died after a known survival interval. Time elapsed since trauma inflection till arrival to ED was determined. Four skin biopsies were obtained from each patient: one AM and 3 PM specimens. Skin samples were homogenized and TEF was used for ELISA estimation of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Results: AM TEF levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher compared to PM levels with significantly higher levels in PM1 and PM3 specimens than PM2 specimens. TEF levels of IL-6 were significantly higher in PM2 compared to AM, PM1 and PM3 specimens with significantly higher levels in AM specimens compared to PM3 specimens. TEF levels of IL-1β and TNF-α showed positive significant correlation with wound vitality. TEF levels of IL-6 showed a positive significant correlation with time lapsed since wound inflection. Only elevated TEF level of IL-1β showed significantly high sensitivity for identification of wound inflected since ≤60 minutes AM Conclusion: TEF levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 could differentiate between wounds inflected while victim was alive and PM wounds. TEF level of IL-1β works better for such differentiation and could determine wound inflected within 60 minutes with high sensitivity. Keywords: Wound age, Tissue extract fluid, Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-94 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061055 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1055 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1055 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:87-94 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rodríguez N Author-Name: Rivera A. Author-Name: Fernández C Author-Name: Mondeja B Author-Name: Alvarez A Title: Urogenital Mycoplasmas Detection in New Born Child’s with Respiratory Complications Abstract: Among premature infants, the bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract has been associated with the development of pneumonia, chronic lung disease, acute respiratory insufficiency, and even death. Genital mycoplasmas, particularly Mycoplasma hominis, M. genitalium, and Ureaplasma spp., have been associated with these pathological conditions, and also with neonatal pneumonia and respiratory dystress syndrome. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of M. hominis, M. genitalium, U. parvum and U. urealyticum in newborn child’s, and to determine whether its presence is associated with the development of respiratory complications in these patients. Were analyzed 62 respiratory secretion samples (27 nasal swabs and 35 endotracheal tubes) obtained from 34 mechanical ventilated infants. Was realized the bacteriological culture for the isolation of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma spp., and the PCR for the Mollicutes Class and Multiplex-PCR for the identification of U. urealyticum, U. parvum, M. hominis and M. genitalium species. The bacteriological culture was positive in one sample to mycoplasmas, while with the PCR for the Mollicutes Class was obtained 25 positive samples. From these, with the Multiplex-PCR were identified three positive samples to U. parvum, two positive to U. urealyticum and one positive to M. hominis. These six samples showed coinfection with other bacteria. Were identified mycoplasmas and ureaplasma species in new born ventilated child´s. Statistical association was not demonstrated between the mycoplasmas or ureaplasmas infection and respiratory complications in the infant. Keywords: Urogenital mycoplasmas, new born child, respiratory complications Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016061056 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1056 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1056 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071056.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ethelbert Uchechukwu Ezeji Author-Name: Ikechukwu N. E. Onwurah Author-Name: Angela C. Udebuani Title: DNA-Based Toxicity Assay for Pesticides in the Environment Abstract: Increased use of domestic and agricultural pesticides has become a serious threat to the environment. Prolonged exposure to pesticides is capable of affecting the genetic integrity of humans and other animals. The aim of this study is to access the effect of dichlorvos (DDVP), a widely used pesticide in Nigeria, on the DNA of poultry birds (Gallus domestica). This study explored different special representation of treated groups using a three-patch matrix model incorporating dichlorvos contamination (0.01, 0.02 and 0.4%). Exposure was carried out for ten weeks after which the birds were sacrificed and the liver was extracted. Thermal denaturation of the DNA from the exposed birds resulted in a significant reduction (p< 0.01) in the DNA melting temperature from 87.2oC to 81.7oC while the GC/AT ratio was also significantly reduced (p<0.01) from 0.77 in the control to 0.42 in exposed birds respectively. Electrophoresis of isolated DNA in 0.8% agarose gels gave variations in band intensity between the control DNA sample and DNA from exposed birds. These variations in band intensity were more pronounced in the RAPD-PCR products amplified with OPE-01 primer, where there is complete disappearance of DNA bands in the birds exposed to 0.04% pesticide. Thus deletion of DNA segments of birds exposed to dichlorvos can be modelled as a molecular biomarker of genotoxicity. This may also suggest that insecticides are capable of impacting genotoxic effects on non-target populations with consistent, long-term use. Keywords: Pesticides, genotoxicity, RAPD-PCR, melting temperature, DNA strand breaks. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016061058 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1058 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1058 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eylem Tataroglu Title: Expectations- Satisfactions- Needs of the Faculty of Fine Arts Students from the Design Programs and Solutions Abstract: It is clear that changeability of this situation concerning being the “producer” and “conscious consumer” individuals, as almost in every respect, fundamentally could be provided with qualified training, the other suitable conditions and use the economic resources suitably. Since this research focuses on the training aspect, the suitable conditions and resources are defined mostly with the training environment, the existing technology, environment and family facts. These facts are evaluated with the youths being center of the training or the students, depending on them and directly related to them. Considering the importance of the technology in the field of design and fast transformation of the animated cinema, it is obvious that current situation is quantitatively insufficient. In addition, when the ideals of the youths studying at design are also taken into consideration, it is thought that not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively the current situation falls short of meeting the expectations. The vision of Başkent University in the art and design education being candidate to share the honor proven in the science was evaluated regarding the current educational environment, instructors, course contents and environmental factor and opportunities with the ideals of the students registered to the Graphic Design Program dependent on the Department of Visual Arts and Design; the results related to the ideals of students and the success of the program and suggestions regarding the solution of the current problems were evaluated. It is thought that the study will serve as a base search and needs analysis and it could be assessed as data in all the improvements which will be made for faculty. Keywords: Design, Arts and Design Education, Graphic Design Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 95-101 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061060 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1060 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1060 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061060.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:95-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael A. Persinger Author-Name: Kevin S. Saroka Title: Quantitative Shifts in the Second Harmonic (12-14 Hz) of the Schumann Resonance Are Commensurate with Estimations of the Sleeping Population: Implications of a Causal Relationship Abstract: Recent spectral power densities of quantitative electroencephalographic measurements of normal brains indicate they reveal peaks that correspond with the fundamental and harmonics of the Schumann Resonance. Coherence between the human brain and Schumann power occurs for about 300 ms every 30 s. We examined the conspicuous diurnal complex variation in Schumann values and the estimated numbers of people asleep at the time globally. The overlap was visibly obvious for the 12-14 Hz (second harmonic), which is the Stage 2 sleep spindle range, with peak-to-peak changes of ~0.1 Hz and 0.1 pT. Residuals from multiple regression analyses after potential artifacts were removed showed that as the estimated numbers of people sleeping increased the frequency increment within the 12-14 Hz range increased while the intensity decreased by about 1 pT. The Lorentz Lemma for population brain-Schumann activity and comparable current densities for the ionosphere-earth gradient and human brain current densities are similar magnitudes and suggest potential interactions. Experimental manipulation by HAARP of the Schumann Resonance employed a power density (10 mW per m2 range) that is comparable to that from the photon power densities emitted from the brain activities of billions of people. Although causality is not demonstrated, the presence of a strong coherence could suggest interactions at global levels. Keywords: Schumann Resonance, population sleeping, pT intensities, 10-14 Hz, sleep spindles, biophoton emissions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-107 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061063 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1063 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1063 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061063.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:102-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice George Ekpenyong Author-Name: Sylvester Peter Antai Author-Name: Atim David Asitok Title: A Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Ikw1 Produces an Unusual Polymeric Surface-Active Compound in Waste Frying Oil-Minimal Medium Abstract: A Gram-negative bacterium isolated from the sub-surface water of Ikang River, Niger Delta region, Nigeria produced an unusual biosurfactant in waste frying oil-minimal medium. Cultural and biochemical characterizations as well as 16S rRNA sequencing identified the bacterium as a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 100% sequence homology with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain HNYM41. Biochemical characterizations, thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry identified the active compound as a glycolipopeptide (peptidoglycolipid) composed of 40.36% carbohydrates, 20.16% proteins and 34.56% lipids. The biosurfactant reduced surface tension of water from 72.00 to 24.62 dynes/cm at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 20.80 mg/L indicating excellent effectiveness and efficiency properties. Commendable oil-washing property (79.92% oil recovery) with an elution rate of 0.68 mL/min at 70°C, foaming and foam stability, excellent emulsification activity in kerosene, crude oil and palm oil and a significant (P = 0.000; R2 = 0.9901) oil solubilization property indicate excellent oil recovery, detergency and remediation potentials of the biosurfactant. Oil displacement, emulsifying and antimicrobial activities of the compound were relatively stable at relevant temperatures, pH and NaCl levels suggesting suitability for applications in hydrophobic compound remediation, emulsion stabilization and preservation of formulations. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain IKW1, glycolipopeptide, enhanced oil recovery, emulsification, stability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 108-123 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061064 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1064 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1064 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061064.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:108-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruno Oliveira de Carvalho Author-Name: Rafael Antônio Presotto Author-Name: Jéssica de Oliveira Lima Author-Name: Shana de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho Author-Name: Miliane Moreira Soares de Souza Author-Name: Everaldo Zonta Author-Name: Irene da Silva Coelho Title: Use of Agro-Energy Waste as Agricultural Inputs: Impact on Soil Bacterial Diversity Abstract: Waste reuse is a very interesting option from an economic, environmental, and often a social point of view. However, it is important to assess the impact of their use on soil characteristics to optimize proper dosages. Because microbial diversity can be used as one of the indicators of soil quality; we aimed to evaluate soil bacterial diversity after using combinations of gravel (waste from drilling in the petroleum industry) and Crambe press-cake (a by-product of biodiesel production) in haplic planosol cultivated with sunflowers (Helianthus annus l.) using a culture-independent technique, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). Analysis of variance showed that the use of gravel and Crambe press cake at doses tested in haplic planosol did not significantly affect soil microbial diversity. This wastes had no significant effect on the number of bands obtained using DGGE. Besides, dynamics of the bacterial population did not follow any other parameter, such as chemical parameters, evaluated in the study, confirming that changes in the chemical characteristics of the soil due to the application of the wastes did not affect bacterial diversity. The results indicate that the use of these wastes is environmentally safe and that higher sodium content did not affect soil bacteria diversity. Keywords: Crambe press cake, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), microorganisms, Oil well drilling gravel, planosol. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 124-130 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061070 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1070 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1070 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:124-130 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Jose Roberto G.Filho Author-Name: Vinícius Matias Monteiro Cavalcante Author-Name: Etore Andrade da Silva Author-Name: Maria Fernanda W. Facio Author-Name: Laisa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Jerônimo Ferraz de Arruda Neto Author-Name: José Germano F. Arruda Author-Name: Germano José F. Arruda Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Risk Factors for Peyronie's Disease in Patients Submitted to the Nesbit Procedure Abstract: Peyronie's disease is a benign disease of unknown etiology. The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated to Peyronie's disease in patients submitted to the Nesbit surgical procedure. Patients and We conducted a retrospective study in 67 patients through a descriptive analysis of patients submitted to the Nesbit surgical procedure in Hospital de Base in Sao Jose do Rio Preto. Results: The main factors associated with Peyronie's disease found in this study were smoking (46.2%), hypertension (41.7%) and excessive alcohol consumption (25.3%). Most patients took some type of medication daily, in particular antihypertensive drugs. Significant associations were found with smoking, hypertension and alcohol abuse. Keywords: antihypertensive drugs, Peyronie's disease, risk factors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 131-133 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061073 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1073 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1073 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:131-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Megan K. Meier Title: Funding Research for Neglected Infectious Diseases: An Investment in the Future Abstract: Neglected infectious diseases do not affect the majority of United States citizens. However, many of these diseases are rampant throughout developing countries. In 2002 these diseases were responsible for more than 50% of lives lost in African countries, but only 3% of lives lost in developed countries, such as the United States (1). Any infectious disease can be considered “neglected” when there is insufficient therapeutic intervention available for the clinical management of that disease (2). Some common examples of neglected diseases that are prevalent in developing countries are malaria and tuberculosis. Developing countries do not have adequate funds to research possible therapeutics to cure the individuals with these diseases. The shortage of proper medications has prompted the United States to consider using tax dollars to begin research on these neglected diseases. This thought has sparked much debate as to if the United States should be investing additional money into problems that do not currently nor directly impact the homeland. While some view the investment as costly and not worth the United States’ time, others view it as a worthy investment that could save present and future lives. It is the opinion of this author that tax dollars should be used to research and develop solutions for neglected diseases. The research is humanitarian, and the United States possesses the knowledge about neglected diseases, will benefit from economic gains, and can defend U.S. citizens against future outbreaks. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-36 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016061074 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1074 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1074 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:34-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Guèye Author-Name: S. Gaye Title: Participatory Assessment of Promising Rice Lines in Senegal Abstract: The objective of this study is to improve dissemination of improved varieties in Senegal. The involvement of small farmers from the beginning of development of a new variety of processes and taking account of their selection criteria, have contributed greatly to the success of participatory research method. It can promote greater ownership of technological innovation by targeted stakeholders and facilitates its widespread dissemination. A total of 44 promising lines and 2 controls were tested under irrigated conditions in two locations in the Senegal River Valley at Ndiaye and Fanaye, during the rainy season. Around 68 small farmers leaders from 26 villages participated in this study. Farmers were particularly interested to factors of production, and to a lesser extent, to constraints of the environment. Of the 44 lines tested, eight 8 were selected by small farmers, including 5 intraspecific hybrids and 3 interspecific hybrids. The best grain yields obtained on the two sites combined are around 6 t.ha-1. The sociological study highlighted the typology of farms with a variety of ethnic groups. Most farmers are of advanced age, between 40 and 60 years. The distribution of the harvested products varies according to the location with a strong option for the marketing of products harvested at Ndiaye, where only 1/3 of the harvest is consumed, the vast majority of production is intended for Sale. At Fanaye by against, commercial dynamics is less pronounced with a distribution into two equitable shares of production, one of which is intended for self-consumption and the other for sale. Keywords: Rice, Participatory Research, Small farmers, Performances, Sociology. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 134-141 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061076 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1076 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1076 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061076.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:134-141 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: J. O. Y. Ilesanmi Author-Name: D. T. Gungula Title: Functional Properties of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) Flour preserved with Mixtures of Neem (Azadichata Indica A.Juss) and Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Seed Oils Abstract: Most pesticides used in cowpea have some effects on the utilization of the grains. There is a need for a functional biopesticide that will have no adverse effect on cowpea utilisation or application in food system. This study was carried out to evaluate the functional properties of cowpea grains preserved with mixtures of neem and moringa oils. Graded mixtures and concentrations of neem and moringa seed oils (ratio 1:2/2.5µl/g, 1:2/5.0µl/g, 1.3/2.5µl/g, and 1:3/5.0µl/g) were investigated. Cowpea grains were treated with the seed oils in ratio 1:2 and 1:3 at concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 µl/g, and stored for a period of 270 days. The functional properties (bulk density, foaming property and stability, emulsification capacity, oil and water absorption capacity, viscosity and least gelation concentration) of the differently treated grains were determined every 90 days. The data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance using SAS version 9.2 and means that were significantly different were compared using Least Significant Difference at P<0.05. The results showed that there were no significant (P<0.05) differences between the functional properties of the cowpea flours from grains treated with ratio 1:3/2.5µl/g and 1:3/5.0µl/g but significant differences were observed in the bulk density, emulsification capacity, foaming capacity, least gelation capacity, water absorption capacity and viscosity of the flours from cowpea grains treated with ratio 1:2/5.0µl/g and the control . There were Ssignificant (P<0.05) reduction in the bulk density, emulsification capacity, foam capacity, oil absorption capacity, viscosity and water absorption capacity of the treated cowpea flour as storage progressed except for the gelatinization temperature that was the same throughout the period.. Preservation of cowpea grains with ratio 1:3/5.0µl/g neem-moringa seed oil retained best functional properties of the treated cowpea grains flour thus showing that it has potential to be applied for cowpea preservation without compromising the desired functional properties. Keywords: Cowpea, functional properties, preservation, cowpea flour, neem and moringa oils Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 142-151 Volume: 5 Issue: 06 Year: 2016 Month: June Number: V52016061077 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1077 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1077 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016061077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:6:p:142-151 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elina Maseta Author-Name: Theobald C.E. Mosha Author-Name: Henry Laswai Author-Name: Cornelio N. Nyaruhucha Title: Nutritional Quality, Mycotoxins and Antinutritional Factors in Quality Protein Maize-Based Supplementary Foods for Children in Tanzania Abstract: Most complementary foods used for children in Tanzania are low in energy and nutrient content. In addition, they may contain contaminants such as mycotoxins and also antinutritional factors. The aim of this study was to determine nutritional quality of quality protein maize-based supplementary foods and levels of mycotoxins (fumonisins, aflatoxins) and antinutritional factors (phytates, tannins). Three composite diets were prepared from quality protein maize namely; quality protein maize-soybeans; quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas. The fourth and fifth diets were prepared from plain quality protein maize and plain common maize. The formulations were made to meet the greatest amino acid scores and the desired amount of energy and protein according to the FAO/WHO (1985) recommendation for pre-school children. Concentrations of energy, protein, amino acid, aflatoxins, fumonisins, phytates and tannins were determined by standard methods. Quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality protein maize-soybeans-cowpeas met RDA for both energy (360 kcal/100 g) and protein (16 g/100 g) for children aged 2-5 years. The amino acid scores for QPM-based diets were higher than the recommended scores (≥65%) for supporting optimal growth of children. Concentrations of fumonisin B1 and total fumonisin were 1687.82 and of 1717.16 μg/kg in quality protein maize and 1625.08 and 1745.22 μg/kg in plain common maize, respectively. These values were above the maximum tolerable limit of 1000 μg/kg recommended by the European commission. Efforts such as good agricultural practices and proper processing of food ingredients by sorting, dehulling and washing are recommended to reduce concentrations of fumonisins in maize grains. Keywords: mycotoxins, soybeans, beans, cowpeas, tannin, phytate, extrusion-cooking, children, Tanzania Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-44 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016071082 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1082 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1082 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071082.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:37-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jan-Erik Lane Title: Emissions and Energy: A Catch 22? Abstract: The COP21 process targets decarbonisation in three steps during the 21rst century. First the augmentation of CO2:s is to be halted. Next the 40 per cent reduction is to be implemented somehow until 2030. Finally, there is a hope for a carbon free economy at the end of this century. But how about energy? When we speak about the anthropocentric emissions of greenhouse gases, then we are in reality referring to the production and consumption of energy. Energy in a wide sense is vital for the operations of social systems, as energy is the capacity to do work. Without energy, no economic output or GDP. The COP21 Agreement calls for an energy revolution during this century, replacing traditional renewables and fossil fuels with modern renewables that are carbon free. But how could this be achieved in the many poor countries in the world? Keywords: COP21, global energy transformation, GHG or CO2, implementation of COP21, Superfund (Stern), traditional and modern renewables, fossil fuel dependency Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V52016071089 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1089 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1089 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengling Zhang Author-Name: Xiangrong Sun Author-Name: Feifei Guo Author-Name: Shengli Gao Author-Name: Yanling Gong Author-Name: Luo Xu Title: Effect of Orexin-A on Glucose Sensitive Neurons in the Hypothalamus of Rats Abstract: Orexin-A is an excitatory neuropeptide that mainly located in the lateral hypothalamus(LHA). Orexin-A can regulates multiple physiological activity that include arousal, wakefulness and appetite. We aim to discuss the effects of orexin-A on the glucose sensitive neurons in the hypothalamus, in order to make further investigation of potential mechanisms in the appetite system. Cerebral stereotaxic technique was used to inject orexin-A and glucose into nucleus accumbens of rats. Extracellular single unit discharges were used to observe the activity of glucose sensitive neurons in the nucleus accumbens of rats. Sixty-eight glucose sensitive neurons were recorded after microinjection of glucose into nucleus accumbens. Based on different sensitive reactivity, the discharge frequency of forty-two neurons were increased (defined as glucose excitatory neuron) and twenty neurons were decreased (defined as glucose inhibitory neuron). The discharge frequency of thirty neurons were increased in the glucose excitatory neurons after administration of orexin-A through four-barrel glass microelectrode. The discharge frequency of fifteen neurons were increased in the glucose inhibitory neurons after administration of orexin-A through four-barrel glass microelectrode. The effect of orexin-A on turning the discharge frequency of glucose sensitive neurons was abolished by orexin-A receptor antagonists SB-334867. The change of discharge frequency of glucose sensitive neurons did not have significant difference after injection of saline through three-barrel glass microelectrode. It is suggested that orexin-A can regulate glucose sensitive neurons in nucleus accumbens, which may be parts of mechanism of the regulation of food intake. Keywords: orexin-A, feeding, glucose sensitive neuron Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-49 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016071108 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1108 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1108 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071108.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:45-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laísa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Author-Name: Natal Santos da Silva Title: Embolization in Patient with Renal Cell Carcinoma Submitted to Transplantectomy Abstract: Renal cell carcinoma is a rare condition in transplanted kidneys. We report a case of patient with tumor in kidney graft 17 years after transplant that was submitted to embolization with subsequent transplantectomy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 1-cm nodule in the renal allograft. Treatment included transplantectomy preceded by embolization of the renal artery. In this case, intra-arterial embolization preoperatively facilitated organ removal. Keywords: Transplant, Tumor, Surgical treatment, endovascular procedure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-53 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016071115 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1115 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1115 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:50-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siaka Kroma Author-Name: Prince E. Norman Author-Name: Alpha U. Barrie Author-Name: Sylvia Y. Norman Title: Efficacy of chicken Manure on the Growth, Yield and Profitability of Maize in the Upland and Inland Valley Swamp of Sierra Leone Abstract: An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of chicken manure on the growth, yield and profitability of maize at the School of Agriculture Experimental Site, Njala University, during 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. A total of eight treatment combinations comprising two plant densities (26,666 and 53,333 plants.ha-1) and four chicken manure levels (0, 2, 4 and 8 t.ha-1) were established in split plot design with three replicates. Results revealed that plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll content of leaves significantly increased with time and increasing chicken manure (CM) rate. Seed yield and yield attributes of populations one and two significantly increased with increasing CM rates. Application of CM at 2.0 t.ha-1 increased yields by more than 100% in the second and third seasons; and in populations one compared to the control. Findings of the economic analysis revealed that the 2.0 t.ha-1 CM point application is the most profitable maize production system for populations 1 and 2 in the upland and IVS ecologies. Results suggest that optimum application and adequate supply of plant nutrient from chicken manure is important for the success of conservation and sustainable farming systems. Findings in this study could be used as guide for improving nutrient use efficiency of CM in crop management rotation systems and commercial production of the crop. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-13 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016071116 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1116 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1116 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111116.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:7-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Elasticity Tensors in Nematic Liquid Crystals Abstract: The paper is discussing the contributions to the free energy of elastic distortions in a nematic liquid crystal. These contributions are here given by tensors, which are represented by means of the components of the director, the unit vector indicating the local average alignment of molecules, and by Kronecker and Levi-Civita symbols. The paper is also discussing the elasticity of the second order and its contribution in threshold phenomena. Keywords: Liquid Crystals, Nematics, Elasticity, Continuum Theories Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-65 Volume: 5 Issue: 07 Year: 2016 Month: July Number: V52016071117 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1117 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1117 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016071117.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:7:p:54-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emmanuel Effiong Edet Author-Name: Desmond Nwabuobi Anaka Author-Name: Atangwho Item Justin Author-Name: Daniel Ejim Uti Title: A Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Properties of some Edible and Medicinal Seeds and Leaves Consumed in Calabar Abstract: Herbs are plants with leaves, seeds or flowers used for food and/or medicine. The herbs and seeds are beneficial in the management of various degenerative diseases because of their inherent phytochemicals, which function mostly as antioxidants. In this study, the antioxidant activity of eight leaves: Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Baphia nitida (BN), Acalypha torta (AT), Alchornea cordifoliia (AC), Lansianthera africana (LS), Gongronema latifolium (GL), Hensia crinata (HC), Telfairia occidentalis leaf (TOL) and two edible seeds: Treculia africana seed (TAS) and Telfairia occidentalis seed (TOS) commonly eaten in Calabar, a Metropolitan city in Nigeria, were studied using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay methods. Compared to the standard antioxidant, vitamin C, VA and HC demonstrated significantly high antioxidant activity at 500ug/ml. This was closely followed by GL, TOL and TOS at 400ug/ml and 500ug/ml respectively, when compared to vitamin C. However, TAS and AT showed the least antioxidant activity even at the highest concentration (500ug/ml). The antioxidant activity increased with increase in the concentration of the leaf/seed extracts used and the trend in increasing order of antioxidant activity was as follows: TOS→TOL→GL→HC→VA. TAS, AC, AT, BN and LA showed negligible antioxidant activity. Therefore, the incorporation of these herbs: VA, HC, GL, TOS and TOL with high antioxidant activity singly or in combination in meals would enhance the nutritional and health value especially for the aged and people suffering from oxidative-related diseases including cardiovascular diseases. Keywords: Antioxidants, cardiovascular diseases, seeds, leaves, herbs and Calabar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V52016071118 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1118 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1118 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041118.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Graham Nicholson Title: Science and Religion: Are They Complimentary or in Conflict? Abstract: Science and religion are seen by many as being in opposition such that they cannot be reconciled. The modern rise of science and scientific materialism have been accompanied by a decline in religious belief, particularly in the West. Religious believers, especially those in religious orders, have always had a tendency to descend into dogmatism in the assertion of what they perceive to be absolute spiritual truth. This was most severely challenged by the rise of science in the Renaissance. This led to the development of a healthy skepticism about many religious claims, especially as religion had at that time descended to a considerable degree into states of corruption, self-interest, literalism and superstition, at odds with the original teachings of the founder. This approach was further advanced by the Darwinian theories of evolution, in opposition to the ‘once only’ view of Divine creation. But the debate has since moved on to a developing, new understanding of the relationship between science and religion, as illustrated in the Baha’i teachings. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-22 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016071120 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1120 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1120 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111120.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:14-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. Onukwugha Author-Name: Okoro Boniface C. Author-Name: J.C. Agunwamba Author-Name: A.O. Ibeje Title: Scale Effects of Physical Modelling of Anaerobic Treatment Plants in the Treatment of Cassava Wastewater Abstract: Three Anaerobic Baffled Reactors (ABRs) are used to evaluate the extent of scale effects of cyanide inhibition of cassava wastewater treatment. The reactors (physical models) have aspect ratios of (53:16:30; 4:1:1; 10:3:6). Keywords: Anaerobic, Treatment, Cassava Wastewater, Monod model and Kincannon model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-35 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016081127 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1127 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1127 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111127.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:23-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pamela E. Akin-Idowu Author-Name: Oyeronke A. Odunola Author-Name: Michael A. Gbadegesin Author-Name: Olufemi T. Ademoyegun Author-Name: Ayodeji O. Aduloju Author-Name: Yemisi O. Olagunju Title: Nutritional evaluation of Five Species of Grain Amaranth – An Underutilized Crop Abstract: Variation in the proximate and mineral compositions of twenty nine accessions of grain amaranth (Amaranthus), belonging to five species: Amaranthus caudatus, A. cruentus, A. hybrid, A. hypochondriacus and A. hybridus were evaluated. Results showed that significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in the proximate and mineral compositions among all the species evaluated. Amaranthus caudatus had the highest levels of crude fibre (4.04 g/100g), sodium (8.95 mg/kg), phosphorus (5765.64 mg/kg), magnesium (2219.15 mg/kg) and aluminum (111.09 mg/kg) contents. Amaranthus cruentus had the highest levels of crude fat (8.68 g/100g), zinc (59.49 mg/kg), copper (6.62 mg/kg), manganese (136.44 mg/kg) and calcium (1642.45 mg/kg). Amaranthus hybridus had the highest levels of protein (17.89 g/100g) and starch (38.01 g/100g). Phosphorus was the most abundant mineral present, followed by potassium and magnesium; while selenium was the least abundant mineral element present. The grain amaranth species have higher protein, crude fibre, starch and essential minerals than commonly consumed cereals and hold promise as a healthy alternative to these cereals and their products. Keywords: Amaranth, minerals, proximate analysis, species variation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V52016081131 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1131 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1131 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011131.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariana Saragioto Krause Author-Name: Ana Flavia Schvabe Duarte Author-Name: Francis José Zortéa Merino Author-Name: Cristiane da Silva Paula Author-Name: Marilis Dallarmi Miguel Author-Name: Obdulio Gomes Miguel Title: Phytotoxic Analysis of Extract of Leaves of Solanum megalochiton Mart. Solanaceae on Lactuca sativa L. and Allium cepa L. Abstract: The phytotoxic effect of crude ethanol extracts and fractions of leaves of Solanum megalochiton Mart., Solanaceae on the germination, initial growth and respiration of Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) and Allium cepa L. (onion) is analyzed. They were placed on 9.0-cm-diameter petri plates with filter paper 6 (Whatmann®). Assay was performed in a totally randomized design. Crude extract and fractions have a phytotoxic activity, with greatest effect on remaining fraction. Results show stimulation and inhibition on germination, growth and respiration. S. megalochiton contains metabolites with phytotoxic activity capable of affecting germination, growth and respiration of the species under analysis, with a potential for discovering new natural herbicide compounds Keywords: germination, growth, respiration, bioassay, Atlantic Rainforest. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-42 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101142 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1142 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1142 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111142.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:36-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Uchenna Okonkwo Author-Name: Ruth Bello Author-Name: Ogbu Ngim Author-Name: Victor Nwagbara Title: Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria - Has anything Changed? Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a global health problem accounting for 5.6% of all human cancers although less developed countries are disproportionately affected.[1]It is the fifth most common cancer in men (554,000 cases) and the ninth in women (228,000 cases). In both sexes, it is the sixth most common cancer responsible for 748, 000 new cases of cancer annually and the third leading cause of cancer related death exceeded only by cancers of the lung and stomach.[2]The incidence of HCC is increasing both in the developed and developing countries. This has been attributed to the rising prevalence of its risk factors; chronic hepatitis B and C infection, alcohol abuse, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity.[3-5] HCC is characterized by several epidemiological features including dynamic temporal trends, variation among geographic regions, racial and ethnic groups and the presence of several preventable risk factors.[6] Although HCC was one of the first cancers to be linked epidemiologically to hepatitis B virus which is preventable, its incidence remains high in regions of the world where the virus is endemic.[7] In 2002, it was estimated that 82% of all liver cancers occurred in the developing countries of south-eastern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In these regions, majority of HCC tend to occur in persons with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and to a lesser extent in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection.[1] Other potential contributory factors include high dietary exposure to aflatoxin, a common contaminant of foodstuffs such as nuts, grains and legumes, dietary iron overload, alcohol abuse and non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH) associated with type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-48 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101144 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1144 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1144 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111144.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:43-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wang Hongliang Author-Name: Xudong PAN Author-Name: Aijun MA Author-Name: Shaonan YANG Author-Name: Juanjuan MA Author-Name: Zhaozhi ZHANG Author-Name: Ting LI Author-Name: Mei WU Title: The Changing Regulation of Autophagy in Atherosclerosis in ApoE Gene Knockout Mice Abstract: Aim To investage the changes of autophagy in different stages of atherosclerosis (AS) in Apolipoprotein E gene knockout (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods 6-weeks-old male ApoE-/- mice (No.=40) were randomly divided into two groups and fed with common adaptability diet for 2 weeks. The mice of the control group (No.=10) received a sham operation and the common diet for another 8 weeks. While the model mice (No.=30) received a right common carotid artery cannulation and randomly subdivided into three groups (the 2 weeks, the 4 weeks and the 8 weeks) and fed with the high fat diet separately for 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks. The blood samples obtained from femoral arteries were studied via the biochemical analysis. The right common carotid arteries were split out for histopathological study. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and the western blot were used to detect the relative expression levels of mRNA and protein about mTOR. Results As the operation time prolonged the lipid levels especially TG and LDL_c were time relative increased. The histopathological analysis results showed that there was a small amount of cells infiltrated in the common carotid artery in the 2 weeks, although the wall was still unspoiled. The vascular wall in the 4 weeks was messy and there was thrombus in the vascular lumen. The thickness of the right common carotid artery in the 8 weeks was higher than others and its elastic membranes significantly decreased. The qRT-PCR and western blot detection suggested the mRNA and protein expression of mTOR in the 4 weeks was higher than the 2 weeks and the 8 weeks, and the expression in the 8 weeks was also higher than those in the 2 weeks. Conclusions Autophagy was continuously stimulated during AS formation,however, the levels of autophagy will decrease after reaching the peak at a time. Keywords: Autophagy, mTOR, Atherosclerosis, ApoE-/- mice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-53 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101146 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1146 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1146 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111146.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:49-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chengkui Shi Author-Name: Xinxing Du Title: Addition of Exogenous α-Synuclein Oligomer up-regulates Divalent Metal Transporter-1 and Ferroportin-1 in BV2 Glial Cell Lines Abstract: It has been confirmed that α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation in neurons or glia and formation of Lewybodies is the remarked pathognomonic hallmark of PD. Neuropathology study have found α-Syn in abnormal aggregation often accompany with iron deposits. At present ,a lot of research confirmed that divalent metal transporter 1(DMT1), is up-regulated and ferroportin-1 is downregulated in the SN of PD and accumulate of iron in this region.Therefore understanding exogenous α-Syn oligomer whether arise this phenomenon in BV2 glial cell lines is necessary. Keywords: Microglia cell,α-Synuclein oligomer,Iron,Membrance Transport Proteins Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-60 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101147 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1147 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1147 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:54-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linlin YUE Author-Name: Ling LI Author-Name: Bin WANG Author-Name: Xiangmin YU Author-Name: Lingling DING Author-Name: Linlin Wang Author-Name: Yingying Li Title: Molecular Mechanism of EGFR Signaling Pathway Mediating Proliferation and Migration of U251 Glioma Cell Line Abstract: The EGFR, epidermal growth factor recepor, is a 170 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein and belongs to receptor tyrosine kinases family. Actual evidence shows that overexpression of EGFR is involved in 50% –70% of various diseases. However, there is limited evidence regarding the role of EGFR in the tumorigenesis of human gliomas. In the present study, its effects on U251 cell proliferation and migration were examined using CCK and scratch-wound assay. We found that AG1478 inhibit EGF-induced U251 cells proliferation and migration. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the downregulation of p-EGFR in U251 glioma cells inhibited the expression of P-Akt. Taken together, these findings suggest that the EGFR/Akt signaling pathway involved in the regulation of U251 glioma cells proliferation and migration. It’s mechanism is possible that after the EGFR/Akt signaling pathway activated, caused the high expression of downstream proteins. Keywords: glioma, epidermal growth factor, proliferation, migration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 61-66 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101148 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1148 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1148 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:61-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abbas Sabbah Author-Name: Ayman Youssef Author-Name: Pascal Damman Title: Study of Hybrid Microscopic and Macroscopic Buckling in UV Treated PDMS Abstract: Plant leaves, insect wings, and other natural surfaces show interesting cases of out-of-plan deformations, which can be attributed to mechanical buckling. This paper deals with a specific type of elastic instabilities, where both microscopic (wrinkles) and macroscopic (global curvature) deformations occur simultaneously. To this end, PDMS narrow sheet was stretched, its surface oxidized, then released. Its deformation was measured and analyzed. A mechanical model considering the effect of wrinkle on elasticity was elaborated; the concept equivalent stiffness was introduced in order to represent this effect. The model was matched with testing results successfully. This model is an interesting tool to explain potentially number of elastic instability phenomena. Keywords: global buckling, stiff layer, microstructures, wrinkles, elastomers, equivalent stiffness Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 67-74 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101149 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1149 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1149 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111149.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:67-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lamyaa Abdul-Hussein Abdul-Ridha Author-Name: Munaff Jawdat Abd Al-Abbas Title: Clinical Characteristics, Etiology and Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacteremia in Patients with Malignancies in Basrah Province Abstract: This is the first study in Basrah province/Iraq to detect the geographical distribution of adult oncology patients with bacteremia and the bacterial etiology. From 176 patients’ samples, the highest incidence of cancer cases was recorded in central 62 (35.22%) followed by western 45 (25.56%), northern 34 (19.31%), southern 24 (13.63%) and eastern 11 (6.25%) regions. The majority of cancer with bacteremic episodes (64) were located in the central 23 (35.93%), western 16 (25%) and southern 13 (20.31%) regions, while they were less likely to occur in the northern 7 (10.93%) and eastern 5 (7.81%) regions. Some clinical characteristics, including age (30-60 year), leukemia (64.06%), healthcare exposure (73.43%), neutropenia (71.87%), non-antibiotic administration (81.25%) and fever (100%) were associated with bacteremic episodes. Sixty-three (98.43%) of these episodes were caused by Gram-positive pathogens, especially 48 (75 %) Bacillus spp., these were 21 B. licheniformis, 19 B. cereus, 3 B. subtillus, 3 B. sonorensis, 1 B. aeruius and 1 B. toyonensis. On the other hand, 3 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 isolate of S. warneri, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Enterobacter cancerogenous and 9 other of Gram-positive bacteria (unidentified). Exclusively, this is the first study isolated Gr-ve Enterobacter cancerogenous from cancer patients with bacteremia. Three isolates Bacillus licheniformis “IRQBAS18”, Bacillus licheniformis “IRQBAS19” and Bacillus licheniformis “IRQBAS20” were reported as new global bacterial strains. RAPD analysis showed four patients from different regions, each two (9.5% for each) had the same strain of Bacillus licheniformis and other four (19.04%) patients from different regions had closely related strains of Bacillus licheniformis, these results confirm that the bacteremic infections were coming from the same source. Keywords: Bacteremia, Bacillus, licheniformis, cancer, RAPD Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 75-86 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016101150 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1150 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1150 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111150.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:75-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lingling DING Author-Name: Linlin YUE Author-Name: Linlin Wang Author-Name: Yingying Li Author-Name: Ling LI Author-Name: Xiangmin YU Title: Combination of baicalein and temozolomide eradicates malignant glioma through cell apoptosis Abstract: To study the synergistic effect of baicalein (BAI) combined with temozolomide (TMZ) on glioma cells,weselectedU251 cells as experimental cell. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of baicalein、temozolomide and baicalein combined with temozolomide on the viability of U251 cells. Western blot was detected the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein. DAPI staining was used to observe the changes of nuclei during apoptosis. The results show that the combination of baicalein and temozolomide was more effective than temozolomide and baicalein alone (p <0.000), and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2 protein was significantly increased in U251 cells treated with temozolomide and baicalein. DAPI staining showed that the nucleus disintegration was very obvious when the drugs were combined. Keywords: glioma cells:temozolomide, baicalein, apoptosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-92 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016111156 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1156 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1156 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111156.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:87-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hu Jun Author-Name: SONG Ping-ping Author-Name: SUN Xiao-wei Author-Name: MA Xue-yu Author-Name: CHEN Yan-xia Title: Efficacy analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation on Pneumoconiosis Abstract: Objective: To study the clinical effect of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment on pneumoconiosis. Methods: Randomly selected 160 cases of pneumoconiosis patients admitted to our hospital, stratified randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group;The control group was given conventional oxygen and nursing therapy,the experimental group on the basis of the control group was given TCM syndrome differentiation. Two groups of patients had to finished the SGRQ before and after treatment, And use the method of immunofluorescence to check out the content of procollagen type III(PCIII), collagen type IV(IV-C), hyaluronic acid(HA) and laminin(LN) in serum in the two groups of patients before and after treatment. Two groups of clinical effect will been judged in one month. Results: The two groups in age, the cumulative dust length, the content of four parameters of fibrosis in serum, SGRQ each score and total score had no difference(P>0.05); In the two groups after treatment, there is difference on the content of PCIII in serum, respiratory symptoms, sickness influence and total score, with statistical significance(P<0.05). The experimental treatment efficiency is higher than the control group treatment efficiency. Conclusion: Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation and treatment on pneumoconiosis, can delay the development of patients ' condition, have the effect on easing patients' clinical symptoms, and have no obvious adverse reactions. Keywords: Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), Syndrome differentiation, Pneumoconiosis, Curative effect analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 93-99 Volume: 5 Issue: 11 Year: 2016 Month: November Number: V52016111158 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1158 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1158 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016111158.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:11:p:93-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Juan Regino Maldonado Author-Name: Wen Yali Author-Name: Frederick Cubbage Author-Name: Patricia Regino Maldonado Title: Forest Resources in the Performance of Mexican Community Forest Enterprises in a Vertical Integration System Abstract: The objective of the research was to analyze the relationship between the use and control of forest resources as measured by volume sold (m3/year), volume harvested (m3/ha), and timber production area under forest management (ha) and the performance as measured by profits ($/m3) of community forest enterprises in Mexico under a vertical integration system, from perspectives theory of the firm and new institutional economics. The study is based on an analysis of data from a sampling of 30 enterprises in 12 states in the country in 2011. The research hypothesis states that the use and control of forest resources is positively associated with the profits of the enterprises. The study used linear regression to test the hypothesis. The study concludes that for the sample, the volume harvested m3/ha, was associated positively and significantly with harvesting profits $/m3. Whereas, the timber production area (ha) and volume sold m3/year were associated positively, but not significantly with profits $/m3 of enterprises. At the group level, the volume harvested m3/ha was positively associated with harvesting profits ($/m3) of type III (timber growing and harvesting) enterprises, while volume sold (m3/year) was associated positively with harvesting profits ($/m3) of type IV (vertically integrated timber growing through sawmilling) enterprises. The statistical results were not significant. This suggests no definite conclusions can be made on the general and by size, use and control of forest resources regression results. However, the results are a first approach to understanding the performance of enterprises vertically integrated under a structure of communal government. Keywords: Community forest enterprises, vertical integration, new institutional economics, theory of the firm, resource-based view, common-pool resources Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-15 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V52016111163 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1163 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1163 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091163.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bianca Aki Ishiy Ozima Author-Name: Pedro Paulo Polotto Author-Name: Thiago Litaiff Padilha Author-Name: João Paulo Pretti Fantin Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Title: Association between Ankle-Brachial Index and Erectile Dysfunction Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the clinical application of the ankle-brachial index (ABI), used to diagnose PAD, in patients with ED, taking into account demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, and possible associations of the degree of ED with the ABI and with risk factors for ED. A prospective quasi randomized (in order of arrival) cross-sectional study was performed of patients with ED from the region of São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil, regardless of race. ED was classified as mild (grade 1), moderate (grade 2) or severe (grade 3) using the international index of erectile function (IIEF). Patients were submitted to an assessment of the ABI with values below 0.9 indicating PAD. Of the patients studied (n = 30), nine (30%) had mild (grade 1), 14 (46.7%) moderate (grade 2) and seven (23.3%) severe ED (grade 3). Most patients were between 60 and 70 years old, had waist circumferences above the ideal (86.7%), were married or in a stable relationship (80%), and had at least six years of schooling (54%). The clinical application of ABI in patients with ED showed the absence of PAD. Regarding risk factors for ED, most patients were hypertensive and sedentary. There was no significant association between the degree of ED and the ABI, or risk factors for ED. Keywords: erectile dysfunction, peripheral arterial disease, cardiovascular risk factors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Year: 2016 Month: December Number: V52016121165 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1165 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1165 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016121165.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:12:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thiago Litaiff Padilha Author-Name: José Germano F. Arruda Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: José Maria Pereira de Godoy Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Ana Paula Bogdan Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Title: Surgical Treatment of Patient with Renal Infarction Abstract: Renal infarction is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen thus the clinical diagnosis is difficult. With the advent of endovascular procedures, nephrectomy is increasingly less used as a treatment for kidney infarction. In this report, we present a patient with renal infarction who was submitted to surgery. Keywords: Renal infarction . Treatment . Surgery . Endovascular therapy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-9 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Year: 2016 Month: December Number: V52016121166 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1166 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1166 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016121166.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:12:p:7-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Title: The Mitochondrial DNA Mitotype of Sainte Marie-Madeleine Abstract: We have extracted HVR1 (HyperVariable Region 1) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of Ste Marie-Madeleine (3?-63?) , from one capillary bulb of one of her hairs. These hairs are conserved in a reliquary that is exhibited in the St Maximin basilica. HVR1 sequences show, reproducely twice, nine mutations : 16129G, 16187C, 16189T, 16223C, 16224C, 16230A, 16234T, 16278C and 16311T. The corresponding haplogroup is K, sub-clade K1a1b1a. As this sub-clade is the mtDNA genetic signature of ancient Jews, that confirms the Pharisian maternal origin of Marie-Madeleine indicated in some traditions. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup , Marie-Madeleine , mutations in the hypervariable region 1. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-19 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Year: 2016 Month: December Number: V52016121167 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1167 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1167 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016121167.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:12:p:10-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: GAO Meihua Author-Name: Zhong WANG Author-Name: Bing LI Author-Name: Huaqiao LI Author-Name: Beibei CONG Author-Name: Yi WANG Author-Name: Fengyu ZHANG Author-Name: Le XIONG Title: Inhibition Mechanism Research about CD59 Specific Site Closed Short Peptide on T Cell Leukemia Abstract: Objective: To study SP22 the closed short peptide of CD59 specific site on Jurkat cell signal transduction molecules (LAT, STAT3) genes, proliferation genes (Nf-κb3, Bcl-2) and apoptosis genes (caspase-3) effect, research CD59 specific site closed by short peptide concrete mechanism of Jurkat cells. Methods: Jurkat cells were divided into blank control group and SP22 peptide closed group, Training after 48h respectively with the method of CCK 8 to detect each cell proliferation rate; Flow cytometry -- check each group cell apoptosis; Real time quantitative PCR --from gene level determination of two kinds of cells before and after the experiment the expression of stat3 and joint protein Lat, detection of cell proliferation and apoptosis protein before and after test the Nf-κb3, Bcl-2, the expression of Caspas-3; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect the related cytokines. Results: add SP22 peptide group cell proliferation inhibition rate is greater than the blank control group (P < 0.01);Add SP22 group compared with blank control group Lat, Stat3, Nf-κb3, Bcl-2 gene expression decline, Caspas-3 gene expression rise; Add SP22 40 mg group cell death ratio increased, compared with the blank control group difference has statistically significant (P < 0.01). In short peptide SP22 group, cells secrete and promote tumor to growth of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and TGF-βhad been inhibited. Conclusion: CD59 specific site closed short peptide can inhibit Jurkat cell proliferation, reduce the expression of Lat, Stat3, Nf-κb and Bcl-2, activating caspase-3, promote the apoptosis of Jurkat cells. Keywords: CD59, Close peptideSP22, Jurkat cell, Apoptosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-27 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Year: 2016 Month: December Number: V52016121169 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1169 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1169 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016121169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:12:p:20-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Crosdel O. Emuedo Author-Name: Michael Abam Author-Name: Blessing Oligbi Title: Environmental Insecurity and Erosion of Women Socio-economic Status in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Abstract: The Niger Delta has been the hub of oil operations since 1958. Before the advent of oil, the people women mostly depended on the natural environment; fishing and farming for their livelihoods. However, oil operations in the region have been accompanied by unabated oil spillages and huge gas flares that have acutely despoiled the environment. The papers examine oil operations and environmental insecurity in the Niger Delta. The paper contends that oil operations have virtually stripped women of their known means of livelihoods, with no other alternative means of sustenance; leading to servile poverty. This has forced women into practices traditionally abhorred in the region for sustenance. The paper concludes that but for oil operations, women socio-economic status would not have been so adversely impacted and ingloriously diminished. Keywords: Environmental Insecurity, Women Socio-economic Status, Niger Delta Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-28 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V52016121171 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1171 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1171 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:16-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Guèye Author-Name: Khadidiatou Ndoye Ndoye Ndir Author-Name: Amadou Oury Diallo Author-Name: Karim Traoré Title: Effects of Amendments in Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc and Gypsum on the Quality of the Rice Grain, in Salinity Conditions Abstract: This study is to investigate the effects of the amendments in macronutrients nitrogen-phosphate-potassium (NPK) and microelements zinc and gypsum on physicochemical qualities of rice grain. The design is a split plot with two factors: fertility with 12 levels of fertilizers and variety with 6 rice varieties, repeated in 3 blocks, in two different media, including a salty medium (MS) and a unsalted medium (MNS). Six (6) rice varieties were used, of which four (4) tolerant varieties, and two (2) controls varieties that are moderately sensitive and very sensitive respectively. Results show a total yield milled grain of tolerant varieties, highest in saltwater environments as in unsalted middle, while the opposite effect is observed with susceptible varieties. The highest yields milled total grains were observed in a saltwater medium, with the formula 120-26-50 with or without zinc or Gypsum. In unsalted medium, it is the formula 0-26-50 with or without zinc or gypsum, which gives the best yields total milled grains. Broken grains have best performance in a saltwater environment, whatever variety or combination of fertilizer used. Weight of 100 grains is more efficient in unsalted environment, whatever variety or combination of fertilizer used. Depending on the alkaline spreading value (ASV), varieties can be divided into two groups. Varieties of the first group with low AVS (3 to 4) have a gelatinization temperature (GT) intermediate. Those in the second group, with a middle and higher AVS (5.4 to 6), have low gelatinization temperature. The varieties of this last group with low GT, are more interesting for the market and consumers because they require only a low cooking time. Keywords: irrigated rice, grain yield, quality, Salinity, fertilization, alkaline spread value (ASV), gelatinization temperature (GT). Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-40 Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Year: 2016 Month: December Number: V52016121172 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1172 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1172 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V52016121172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:5:y:2016:i:12:p:28-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekanayake Mudiyanselage Buddhika Piumali Ekanayake Author-Name: Murindahabi Theodore Title: Forest Policy for Sustainability of Sri Lanka’s Forest Abstract: The concept of sustainable forest management has emerged in early 1990s’ as a vision of forest management in all over the world. In Sri Lanka, avoiding deforestation and improving the forest resources are the preliminary step towards sustainable forest management. Forest policies and strategies that were taken at various times gave greater concerns to solve deforestation problem and improve forest resources through sustainable manner. This paper attempts to discuss National forest policy of Sri Lanka and explore forest policy on sustainable management of forestry resources which are under the supervision of forest Department. Furthermore this paper makes some recommendation for better implementation of forest policies for future sustainability in the state forest resources. The Forest policy in Sri Lanka has changed with the time. The history of establishment of policies for the management of forest was stated in King Devanampiyatissa period of 246 B.C. Ancient agrarian society utilize forest and forest product, while maintaining its ecological balance. The first scientific policy for forestry sector in Sri Lanka was formulated by the British in 1929. The main objective of this forest policy is forest management focused on maximum out of quality timber. After the independent in Sri Lanka from the British in 1948, policy for forestry sector was modified in 1953, 1980 and later in 1995 The priorities of the policy changes focus on conservation of natural value of forest, raise the unit productivity of the forests land and enhance beneficial of the rural population.Forest Department with limited human and other resources, hierarchical management structure, political influence, lack of policy and lack of institutional and community support has recognized the requirement of appropriate policies, institutional reform and capacity building for promote sustainable livelihood and Sustainable forest management. Keywords: Forest, Forest policy, Sustainability, Sri Lanka Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V52016121174 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1174 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1174 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wen Yali Author-Name: Theint Theint Htun Author-Name: Aye Chan Ko Ko Title: Assessment of Forest Resources Dependency for local livelihood around Protected Area: A Case Study in Popa Mountain Park, Central Myanmar Abstract: Forest resources play a crucial role for many livelihoods in the rural areas in Myanmar. Households in rural area of Myanmar, especially destitute households, depend on the forest related activities as one of the income diversification activities. This study estimated forest dependency and identified factors influencing dependency for households living around the Popa Mountain Park (PMP) in Myanmar. A sample of 75 households was randomly selected from three villages surrounding the Popa Mountain Park to analyze the significant of forest income in the rural household economy. The data were collected using structured questionnaire interviews, direct observation and group discussion. This study found that forest income contributes 38.82%, and farm income and non-farm income contribute 34.87% and 26.31% to the total household income respectively. Major forest products around PMP include firewood, medicinal plants, bamboo shoot, honey and others. OLS Regression analysis showed that agricultural income and non-farm income are scientifically and negatively correlated with the forest income. The findings go along with that of similar studies that, providing alternative source of income for the livelihood either through employment opportunities or by a source of income from cultivation would greatly reduce the dependence on the forest. The study concluded that consideration to socioeconomic characteristics of households living around PMP is essential in forestry conservation programs. Therefore, the government should consider measures to increase agricultural production and generate off- farm employment opportunities for rural communities in general and enhance conservation around Popa Mountain Park in particular. Also environmental education programmes should be encouraged in order to reduce dependence on the protected forests. Keywords: Protected Area, forest dependency, livelihood, Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-43 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V52016121176 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1176 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1176 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011176.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:34-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: WANG Yanping Author-Name: HU Yingfen Author-Name: MA Yuping Author-Name: ZHANG Yuanjie Author-Name: LIU Qing Title: Study on Antioxidant Activity of Peanut Meal using Bacillus Natto by Solid State Fermentation Abstract: This experiment carried out a preliminary study on solid state fermentation of Bacillus natto peanut meal. Determination of the scavenging activities to hydroxyl free radical scavenging rate to determine its antioxidant activity. The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained by single factor and response surface methodology as follows：38.8 h of Fermentation time, 37 ℃ of fermentation temperature, material liquid ratio1:0.44, 6.48% of inoculation amount. Under this condition, the hydroxy free radical，iron reduction capacity and DPPH radical scavenging rate were87.3%、0.36（OD value) and 73.4%,respectively. Keywords: Peanut Meal, Bacillus Natto, Response Surface Methodology, Antioxidant Activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-51 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V62017011177 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1177 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1177 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:44-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunmei Liu Author-Name: Yan Zeng Author-Name: Xizhen Ma Author-Name: Yuewen Qi Author-Name: Shuai Zhang Author-Name: Rui Lv Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: An Updated Meta-Analysis: Cervical Cancer Risk Conferred by GSTM1 and GSTT1 Polymorphisms Abstract: Objective: To study the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms on cervical cancer (CC) risk, and explore genetic-environmental interactions. Methods: After a systematic literature search, all relevant studies entailing the association between GST polymorphisms and CC were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) was used for analysis of the results and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results: A total of 23 case-control studies were included in the meta-analysis of GSTM1 (2,250 CC cases and 3,025 controls) and GSTT1 (1,704 CC cases and 2,460 controls) genotypes. For the GSTM1 polymorphisms, the null genotype of GSTM1 was associated with an increased CC risk for the total population (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.25-1.98). A similar association was found in China (OR=2.34, 95% CI=1.56-3.52), India (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.43-2.83), Pakistan (OR=5.52, 95% CI=2.34-13.07), Serbia (OR=1.73, 95% CI=0.68-4.39) and Kazakhstan (OR=6.5, 95% CI=2.25-18.81), but was not noted for others countries. Regarding human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, moderately but significantly increased risk of the null GSTM1 genotype was found in HPV-positive patients (OR=2.59, 95% CI=1.57-4.27). For the GSTT1 polymorphisms, the null GSTT1 genotype was associated with increased CC risk in the total population (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.07-1.93). Regarding ethnic stratification, a significantly increased risk of the null GSTT1 genotype was found in Kazakhstan (OR=3.99, 95% CI=2.56-6.21) and Brazil (OR=4.58, 95% CI=2.04-10.28). With respect to smoking, the two aspects of the analysis above were not significantly associated with CC risk in smokers or non-smokers, respectively. For the GSTM1/GSTT1 interaction analysis, the dual null genotypes of GSTM1/GSTT1 were significantly associated with increased CC risk for the total population (OR=1.62, 95% CI=1.14-2.29). Conclusion: This meta-analysis provided sufficient evidence that the null genotype of GSTM1, or GSTT1 and the dual-null genotypes of GSTM1/GSTT1 are associated with CC. Keywords: Cervical cancer, genetic polymorphism, glutathione S-transferase M1, glutathione S-transferase T1, meta-analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-63 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V62017011179 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1179 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1179 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011179.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:52-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qian Wang Title: The Ghrelin/GHS-R1a Pathway is Involved in the Mechanism of the CTA-regulated Neuronal Loop Abstract: Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of ghrelin and its receptor GHS-R1a on the regulation of taste aversion-associated emotional memory. Methods: We studied the effect of selective and reversible inactivation of emotion-associated neurons on emotions processed by the local neuronal loop of the lateral amygdala and insular cortex. We used intraperitoneal clozapine-N oxide (CNO) injection, local brain microinjection, and taste aversion test. Results: Microinjection of ghrelin into the lateral amygdala blocked the acquisition of taste aversion memory in mice. However, microinjection of ghrelin did not affect memory consolidation. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) microinjection into the lateral amygdaloid nucleus blocked the acquisition of taste aversion memory in mice. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of CNO inhibited taste aversion memory formation, altering the aversion index. Conclusion: Microinjection of ghrelin and AAV-CaMKII-hM4Di-2A-GHS-R1a-GFP into the lateral amygdala inhibited the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion in mice. The inhibition of the memory formation was achieved through the activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHS-R1a). Keywords: Ghrelin, insular cortex, CNO, CTA, GI-DREADD System Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-72 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V62017011182 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1182 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1182 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:64-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhang Zu Author-Name: Qing Zhang Author-Name: Tongtong Sun Title: Design of Intelligent Power Distribution Terminal Based on DSP Abstract: In view of the traditional distribution terminal reactive power compensation effect is poor, the response is not quick enough and so on, this paper designs a kind of intelligent power distribution terminal device based on TMS320F28335 chip DSP. Reactive power compensation module using switching virtual circuit(SVC), proposed by improving the C.P.Steinmetz theory, we derive a containing power factor compensation admittance algorithm, reactive power theory and practical formula using instantaneous with this algorithm as SVC control strategy. The distribution terminal can realize dynamic reactive power compensation system, improve the three-phase unbalance,effectively prevent excessive compensation, but also be used for the on-line monitoring of distribution transformer has a rich communication interface can also be used for online monitoring of the transformer, has a rich communication interface. Simulation results show the algorithm has high response speed and accuracy. Keywords: intelligent power distribution terminal, DSP, Static Var Compensator , Reactive power compensation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-15 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017011183 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1183 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1183 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021183.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:11-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tongtong Sun Author-Name: Limin Huo Author-Name: Zhenyue Yan Author-Name: Zu Zhang Title: Design of Feeder Terminal Communication Based on IEC61850 Standard Abstract: In this paper, IEC61850 is introduced into the feeder system, which can solve the problem of information sharing and interoperability between different distribution terminals. In order to realize the real-time interaction of information, the information function model of feeder terminal is constructed by using the logical node defined by IEC61850,and the information exchange service used in the terminal is mapped to the corresponding communication mode. Where the client / server model is mapped to the manufacturing message specification MMS and the GOOSE messages are mapped to the IOS Ethernet data link layer . So that each switch in the distribution network feeder realizes the point-to-multipoint communication and the interoperation between different FTUs. Finally, we build an experimental platform to verify the mapping method to meet the requirements. Keywords: IEC61850, GOOSE, SCL, MMS manufacturing message specification, Interoperability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017011184 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1184 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1184 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021184.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ifeoluwapo Oluwafunke Kolawole Title: Supportive Supervision: A Tool for Creating Healthy Work Environment for Nurses Abstract: Supportive supervision is a process that uses dialogue and constructive feedback to help staff, volunteers or entire organizations improve their performance in pursuit of the organization’s mission, while also setting goals for growth and development. It focuses on monitoring performance towards goals, and using data for decision-making, and depends upon regular follow-up with staff to ensure that new tasks are being implemented correctly. It can also be described as a relationship between senior and junior member of a profession that is evaluative, extends over time, serves to enhance the skills of the junior person, monitors the quality of the services offered by the junior person and acts as gate keeping to the profession. By employing supportive supervision, managers can not only create a healthy work environment, but can improve and sustain the performance and satisfaction of the people in their organization by preventing job-related stress. It provides opportunities to discuss—and sometimes even provide—the additional skills and training that will enhance staff’s ability to do their work. Identifying training needs is important, as is following up after trainings to ensure that staff members have opportunities to apply the skills in their work and to share with colleagues. Integrating supportive supervision throughout organization’s structure will result in a stronger organization, with more efficient and satisfied people working to achieve organization’s mission. Keywords: Supervision, Healthy Work Environment, Performance, Quality of Care, Improvement Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-52 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V62017011185 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1185 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1185 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101185.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:47-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Malia Omale Title: Cardiac Metastases: Secondary Tumours of the Heart Abstract: Cardiac metastases are secondary tumours of the heart that originate from primary malignancy in other parts of the body. Secondary tumours are mostly diagnosed during post-mortem examination. However, the incidence rate of secondary cardiac tumours is much greater that of primary cardiac tumours. Secondary tumours are often diagnosed using imaging techniques such as TEE, TTE, CT scans and MRI. In most cases, a combination of these imaging methods is necessary to accurately diagnose the presence of a secondary cardiac tumour. In addition, surgical excision is the primary treatment option of secondary tumours due to the often delayed diagnosis of the disease. Keywords: secondary tumour, cardiac metastases, metastasis, primary malignancy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 73-77 Volume: 6 Issue: 01 Year: 2017 Month: January Number: V62017011188 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1188 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1188 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017011188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:1:p:73-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bridget O. Odiyi Author-Name: S. E. Abiya Title: Growth and Yield Performance of Cassava Manihot esculenta (Crantz) Exposed to Spent Lubricating Oil Abstract: The effect of spent lubricating oil on the growth and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was investigated using plants planted in soil contaminated with different concentrations of spent lubricating oil. 4kg of soil was mixed homogeneously with 50.0ml, 75.0ml and 100.0ml of spent lubricating oil and the control (0.0ml). The growth parameters shows that the application of spent lubricating oil had a significant reduction (p<0.05) on the plant height, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and the harvest index of the cowpea seedlings studied. The reductions and morphological effects on the growth characteristics measured shows that there was an increase as the concentration level of the contaminant increases compared to the control. The concentrations of copper, cadmium, iron, lead and nickel in soil contaminated with spent lubricating oil increased with the volume of treatment. Heavy metal concentrations in the shoot and root of treated plants were higher than that of the control. This study therefore shows that the presence of the spent lubricating oil has great implications on the sustainability of M. esculenta growth. Keywords: chlorosis, heavy metal, harvest index, Spent Lubricating Oil, Manihot esculenta Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 97-100 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017011189 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1189 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1189 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:97-100 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Folashade Olatunbosun Oyedeji Author-Name: Busayo Abiodun Taiwo Title: Effects of UV on Ageing Properties of some Nail Polishes, Acrylic Emulsions and Gloss Paints Abstract: Photo-degradation stability of most commonly used nail polishes, acrylic paint emulsions and gloss paints have been investigated. The paints investigated in this study were nail polishes red (17), wine (23, 36 and 92), pink (26, 39 and 80). Lilaic (52), purple (16), golden (43) made by Yimei Commodities co; Ltd and acrylic emulsions 7084 (Pacific Blue), 3040 (Cream) and 9999 (Brilliant White) and gloss paints 7084, 3040 and 9102G (Brilliant White) made by Fine Coat. The Dry to Touch time, weight loss of the paint film, discolouration and structural changes of the paints subjected to UV irradiation in an accelerated ageing chamber were determined at 0, 100, 150, 200 and 300 hours of UV irradiation making use of gravimetry, colorimetry and FT-IR Spectroscopy. Results show Dry to touch time for nail polishes to be less than 2 minutes, 30 minutes for acrylic emulsions and about 60 minutes for gloss paints. Weight loss observed was in the order Pacific blues > Brilliant white > Cream. There was no significant weight loss for the Nail polishes. Colorimetric measurements indicated the reduction in the absorption of visible light and discolouration and loss of gloss was evident in the blue paint more than others. Increase in absorbance was observed for all nail polishes with the exception of Red (17) and the application of Varnish (V45) to the nail polishes inhibited discolouration. FT-IR spectroscopy showed that Pacific Blue 7084, followed by Brilliant White 9999 and Cream 3040 showed most structural changes. There was the reduction of transmission peak at 2900 cm-1, (symmetric stretching of C-H bond), 1823 cm-1, 1731 cm-1 (C=O,) and disappearance of 1625 cm-1 (C=C) and 2925 cm-1(C-H stretching) which was noteworthy. Similar results were obtained for the nail polish. In conclusion, the samples of the paints analyzed were not stable to UV radiation. Weight loss occurred to samples which were treated to accelerated ageing procedures hence, paints aged faster on exposure to UV radiation. Application of varnish onto the surface of nail polish inhibited discolouration and slowed down ageing. Pacific blue paints aged faster than other colours. Keywords: Acrylic emulsion paints, Gloss paints, Nail polishes, Accelerated ageing, Colorimetry, FT-IR spectroscopy, Photo-degradation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-33 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017011190 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1190 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1190 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021190.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:22-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: M.G. Muro Author-Name: M.S. Trigo Author-Name: S. Deschamps Author-Name: J. Origlia Author-Name: D. Gornatti Churria Author-Name: CATTANEO A.C Author-Name: C.A. Cordiviola Title: Effect of Type of Hay and Concentrate Level in Intake and Digestibility in Diets for Goats Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the level of hay and concentrate on total hay intake and supplied already, the additive/substitutive effect and total apparent digestibility of the diet intake in diets for goats. Experiment I: diets: Alfalfa hay (A1), Alfalfa hay + corn (0.5% LW/day) (A2), + 1% LW/day (A3), + 1.5% LW/day (A4). Experiment II: diets: Natural grassland hay (CN) (R1), hay CN + corn (0.5% LW/day) (R2), hay CN + corn (1% of LW/day) (R3), + 1.5% of LW/day) (R4). Intake, ratio forage/concentrate and total apparent digestibility were calculated. Experiment I: There were no effects (p> 0.05) on the CMST for the corn tested levels and recorded a linear decrease (p <0.05) in the CTFDN, CTFDA and CTPB. The CMSF decreased linearly (p <0.05) with increasing amounts of corn by verifying a hay effect on the concentrate. The F/C was different (p <0.05) in all treatments. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Experiment II: a linear increase (p <0.05) on the CMST and CTPB with increasing corn in diet and no differences (p> 0.05) on the CMSF, CTFDN and CTFDA is observed. The F/C and CTPB differ (p <0.05) among all the diets tested. The DTAIVMS increases linearly (p <0.05) with the content of corn in the diet. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase of maize levels improved the total digestibility of the ration consumed and the substitute or additive effect depended on the quality of the hay used. Keywords: goats, concentrated, fiber Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-42 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021191 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1191 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1191 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021191.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:34-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aye Chan Ko Ko Author-Name: Zhang Ying Author-Name: Theint Theint Htun Title: Study on Socioeconomic Impacts of Private Forest Plantations on Local Livelihood in Pyu Township, Taungoo District, Bago Region, Myanmar Abstract: Forest Department of Myanmar has called for private investment in plantation forestry by granting forest land concession right since 2006-07. On the other hand, rural peoples of the country, representing about 70% of total population, rely on forest resources and forest land for their livelihood. This paper explores the socio-economic impacts of private forest plantations on rural communities in Pyu Township, Taungoo district, Bago Region, Myanmar. According to our results private forest plantations have the potential to positively impact on local people’s wealth and well-being, if enough emphasis is paid attention to minimize the negative impacts. The household survey data of 213 observations from two villages were analyzed using binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses. The study reveals that forest plantations make threat the basis of traditional rural livelihoods by reducing the availability of natural resources. However, investments gave also supported the diversification of livelihood strategies in the communities by providing formal employment and by increasing business and trading activities. As a rapid growth of populations and traditional agricultural practices have led to the overexploitation of natural resources, non-natural resource-based livelihood strategies increase the resilience of a household. Most respondents give the facts on plantations to have either no overall impact or a positive impact on the well-being of their household. According to our results, socio-economic household characteristics only marginally point out respondents’ perceptions of the impacts of forest plantations but perceptions differ significantly between individual villages. Keywords: Forest Department, socio-economic impacts, Private investment, Private Forest Plantations, Land concession right, Logistic regression analyses, Myanmar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-54 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021193 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1193 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1193 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021193.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:43-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osayomwanbor Ebenezer OGHAMA Author-Name: Adejoke Victoria BAYOWA Author-Name: I. E. Agbozu Title: Distribution Patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marshy Soil and Sediments in Warri, Southern Nigeria Abstract: This study was carried out to determine the seasonal distribution patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marshy soil samples in Warri City, Southern Nigeria. The samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons from four locations within Warri and a control location in Agbarho, 20km away. Levels of 16 priority PAHs listed in United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Flame Ionization detector (GC-FID). This study was carried from January to March and June to August 2014, representing the dry and wet seasons respectively. Mean levels of individual PAHs for sediment samples in the dry season ranged from 0.001mg/kg low for Acenaphthene to 0.447mg/kg high for Benzo(a)pyrene while for soil samples in the dry season, mean levels ranged from 0.005mg/kg low for Acenaphtylene to 1.069mg/kg high for Benzo(a)pyrene. In the rainy season, individual PAH in sediments ranged from 0.001mg/kg low in acenaphthylene to 0.231mg/kg high for anthracene while for soil samples, mean levels of individual PAHs for rainy season ranged from 0.001mg/kg low in phenanthrene to 0.090mg/kg high for Benzo(b,k)Fluoranthene. Overall, the highest total concentration of individual PAH was recorded for benzo(a)pyrene with 3.302mg/kg in soil samples in the dry season while the lowest total concentration was Acenaphthylene with 0.012mg/kg in sediments in the rainy season. It was observed that PAHs concentration was generally higher in dry than rainy seasons for soil and sediment samples. This can be attributed to dissolution and washing-off of the PAHs during the rainy season. Keywords: PAHs, Marshy Soil, Marshy Sediments, Seasonal Distribution Patterns, Benzo(a)pyrene, Gas Chromatography, Flame Ionization detector Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-17 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017021194 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1194 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1194 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041194.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:6-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhao Huan Author-Name: ZHANG Shu-guang Author-Name: ZHAO Xue-liang Author-Name: WANG Dong-xuan Title: Design of High Precision and Low Drift PH Value Online Monitoring Instrument Abstract: The geological storage of carbon dioxide is a practical and effective method to reduce the greenhouse effect,In order to prevent the leakage of carbon dioxide bring about a serious impact on the environment, the need to carry out in situ online monitoring of pH value to determine the dynamics of underground carbon dioxide.In this paper,a high precision and low drift pH value online monitoring instrument based on temperature compensation is designed with MSP430F5438 as the core.The software flow chart and the relationship the pH value,the electrode signal and the temperature of the measured liquid,the hardware structure of the instrument and software process are introduced.By comparing pH standard solution and field water sample test, the measurement accuracy of the instrument is about 0.05pH,this instrument can meet the needs of online monitoring,have been used for engineering monitoring and have a wide range of application prospects. Keywords: pH value, Aquifer, MSP430F5438, Dual-channel synchronous sampling, Digital filter Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-60 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021196 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1196 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1196 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021196.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:55-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatimah A. Jasim Author-Name: Dhamia K. Suker Author-Name: Adnan I. AL- Badran Title: TiO2 Nanoparticles Induce Lung Fibrosis and Proteinosis through Influence on Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression Abstract: Background: nanotechnology applications, speared very quickly while very little has been done to measure and assess the hazard of nanoparticles (NPs) to an ecosystem and to the biological systems. Lung exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) may induce pulmonary alveolar proteinases and fibrosis through influence on matrix metalloproteinase expression (MMPs). Methods: In order to study this, TiO2 NP was instilled into the lung, then, histopathological alteration and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, Collagen-I) expression using RT-qPCR were assessed at 4 days, a month and 3 months post-instillation. Data were analyzed using ANOVA test and gene expression was normalized to that of housekeeping gene, which was hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). Results: The results showed that TiO2 NP induces acute inflammation in lung tissue after 4 days post-instillation with significantly decrease (p<0.05) in MMPs expression. While inducing fibrosis and proteinosis with significantly increase (p<0.05) in MMPs expression after a month post- instillation. Otherwise, after 3 months post-instillation the fibrosis and proteinosis were decreased and the expression significantly increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: TiO2 NP induces many alterations in lung structure after 4 days and a month from intratracheal instillation this included metaplasia in bronchus epithelial and in alveolar epithelial, Fibrosis, angiogenesis and proteinaceous through affected on MMPs expression which decreased the expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-12 and Collagen-I in the lung. Keywords: Lung fibrosis, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, TiO2 NPs, MMPs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-13 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017021197 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1197 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1197 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031197.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dhamia K. Suker Author-Name: Adnan I. AL- Badran Author-Name: Emad K. Abbas Author-Name: Saad Abudl baqi Abdullah Title: Immunohistochemistry Analysis for Interleukin-6 Expression from the Tumor Tissue Abstract: The cytokines including interleukins considered an important component of the body's immunity against inflammatory conditions and cancer diseases, and is an important factor in inducing the symptoms of wasting weight in cancer patients. Therefore, the knowledge and the study of these factors and their impact, production, particularly interleukin-6 gene expression and identification to recognize the presence and production of this factor in the tissues of patients through immunohistochemistry technique and gene expression. The study included 40 samples from different types of malignant tumor biopsy and (7) samples for benign tumor used as control. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis revealed that there was an increase in the production of interleukin -6 which appeared as brown precipitate in the cytoplasm of cancer cell as positive staining , while, the benign tumor tissues (control ) showed negative staining. Keywords: IL-6, immunohistochemistry, tumor tissues Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-24 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017021198 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1198 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1198 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031198.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:14-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jie Yu Yang Author-Name: Su Liu Title: Effect of Dimethylaminoethano and Compound Amino Acid on Periostin and Dermatopontin Expression in the Skin of D-galactose Induced Aging Model in Rats Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of dimethylaminoethano (DMAE) and compound amino acid inject (AA) by mesotherapy on Periostin and Dermatopontin expression levels of D-galatose induced chemical skin aging rat. Method: by using 80 randomly selected wistar rats divided into normal control group, the aging control group and the experimental groups. At the 18th day after D-gal induction, the experimental group were treated with intra-dermal microinjection of 0.2% DMAE + AA, 0.1% DMAE + AA, 0.2% DMAE, 0.1% DMAE, AA and NS on bilateral buttocks respectively, once a week for 4 consecutive weeks, after treatments for 42 days, observe the histological changes of dermal thickness, hydroxyproline, and expression of Periostin and Dermatopontin in every individual group. Results: Mesotherapy with intradermal co-injection of 0.1% DMAE+AA and 0.1% DMAE + AA have significantly increased the dermal thickness, hydroxyproline content and Periostin expression levels increased significantly, but did not affect the expression of Dermatopontin. Conclusion: by local co-injection of DMAE and AA compound directly under aged rats can effectively reform aged skin tissue structure and the degeneration of collagen, meanwhile it can improve collagen synthesis in aging skin and significantly increases the dermal thickness and collagen content of the skin, and thus prevent skin aging. Keywords: Dimethylaminoethano, Amino acid, anti-aging, D-galactose, Dermatopontin, Periostin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 61-67 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021199 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1199 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1199 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021199.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:61-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhao Xiaolong Author-Name: Sun Chengjian Author-Name: Zhang wei Author-Name: Wang Hongyu Author-Name: Yu shui Author-Name: Shao Liming Title: Interventional Treatment of Iatrogenic False Aneurysm of Subclavian Artery Combine with Arteriovenous Malformation Abstract: Subclavian artery pseudo-aneurysm is a rare disease, we report a case combine with arteriovenous malformation. She received failed covered stent implantation in subclavian artery before interventional embolization. And we makes a brief literature review on interventional therapy of false aneurysm of subclavian artery. Keywords: Pseudo-aneurysm, AVM, arteriae subclavia, embolotherapy, Onyx Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-30 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017021200 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1200 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1200 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031200.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:25-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Image Segmentation Applied to the Study of Micrographs of Cellular Solids Abstract: The paper is proposing a method of image segmentation applied to the study of the micrographs of cellular solids. The segmentation is based on a thresholding which creates a binary (black and white) image of the micrograph. The binary image is divided in super-pixels which correspond to the microcells of the material. From the areas of the super-pixels it is easy to evaluate the distribution of the size of the cells and correlate this distribution to the properties of the material. Keywords: Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Cellular Solids Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-76 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021201 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1201 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1201 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021201.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:68-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Caio Eduardo Gullo Author-Name: João Paulo Pretti Fantin Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: José Germano F. Arruda Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Pedro Francisco Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Renal Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Ureter after Renal Transplantation with Neoplasm of Urethra in Follow up Abstract: This paper presents the first case of a kidney graft recipient with double malignancy of the upper urinary system and cancer of the urethra evident four years after transplantation. Keywords: kidney tumor, ureteral tumor, urethral cancer, kidney transplant Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-80 Volume: 6 Issue: 02 Year: 2017 Month: February Number: V62017021202 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1202 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1202 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017021202.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:2:p:77-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bo Shi Title: Analysis of Clinical Efficacy of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Children with Growth Hormone Treatment of Turner Syndrome Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of growth hormone on Turner syndrome of glucose and lipid metabolism. Methods: 60 patients in August 2014 - February 2015 between patients with Turner syndrome treatment, all patients using recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment a year, to observe, record and compare the before and after treatment in patients with triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (T-CHO), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), atherogenic index (AI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (IRS), etc. level indicators. Results: After treatment of children AI decreased significantly, other TG, T-CHO, HDL-C, FBS, FINS and other glycolipid metabolism did not change significantly, P> 0.05. Conclusion Turner syndrome growth hormone treatment on lipid metabolism have a certain improvement, no significant effect on carbohydrate metabolism, worthy of clinical application. Keywords: growth hormone, Turner syndrome, glucose and lipid metabolism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-33 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017021204 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1204 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1204 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031204.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:31-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Boyang Chen Author-Name: Liang Gao Author-Name: Xuesong Suo Title: Real-time Monitoring Terminal Design of Orchard Pests Based on Infrared Linear Array Imaging Abstract: In order to achieve real-time monitoring of orchard pests, we propose a system which collects the infrared linear array images of the pest distribution from real-time acquisition terminals in the orchard. Based on the collected image, the system performs analysis of the pest species and quantity, and communicate with the terminals and PC through ZigBee module, 4G network and SMS modules, to provide real-time and highly accurate support to pest monitoring and therefore give early warnings. Keywords: Monitoring of Orchard pests, Infrared Linear Array, ZigBee, 4G Network Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-38 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017021205 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1205 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1205 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031205.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:34-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alaa R. Rashed Author-Name: Maha K. Ibrahim Author-Name: Maha SH. Hassan Title: Immunohistochemical Aspects on (HSP70) and its Correlation to Clinical Stages, Pathological Grading and Hormones Receptors (ER, PR, HER-2) in Breast Cancer (BC) Women from South of Iraq Abstract: Breast cancer considered the most common malignancy .Therefore this study was aimed to review the observations and information on relationship of preoperative level of (HSP70) with hormones receptors (ER,PR,HER-2) and the expression of these receptors in biopsies from patients with different stages and grades of disease by immunohistochemical method. In this study total number of (130)cases was analyzed and most patients diagnosed with stage (T111) then (T11)and (T1) with highly significant difference at (p≤ 0.05) and the same results was obtained from classified tumor grading with (BC)patients. The recent study evaluated level of (HSP70) in all (BC)patients ,the data showed highly significant difference and the mean level was increased in (71)case compared to control ,also we evaluated the relationship between tumor staging and grading with level of (HSP70) and data revealed to high level in (T111) patients while no signification between (T1,T3) ,the same results recorded between tumor grading and level (HSP70), hormones receptors expression (ER,PR,HER-2) and its correlation with (IL-6)level was also determined ,the( HSP70) with (ER+)compared to (ER-) with high significance (p=0.00),the same results shown with (PR+) and(HER-2) expression and (HSP70)in all (BC)patients. The role of (HSP70) in (BC) immunity ,carcinogenesis ,cancer pathogenesis ,tumor initiation ,growth and metastasis .Results also explained correlate of (HSP70)with clinical staging and grading ,these findings pointed to an important role in the progression of (BC) at least in patients with advanced disease stages. Data determined that the (ER+)(PR+) positive tumor more reactive with(HSP70) which explained the effect of this factor on hormones receptors. Moreover present study showed little elevated in concentrate of (HSP70) with Her2+as compared with Her2- but with no significant differences,(p=.158).Immunhistochemical staining was used in this study and results showed variable degree of staining Within invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma types compared to control. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-47 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031206 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1206 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1206 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031206.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:39-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. C. Cattáneo Author-Name: M. S. Trigo Author-Name: L. O. Perez Author-Name: C. A. Cordiviola Author-Name: A. G. Antonini Title: Detection of Three Allelic Variants in the Rabbit Growth Hormone Gene Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to identify molecular variants in a DNA fragment of the rabbit growth hormone gene and assess their relative contribution in trials with different dietary protein sources and protein levels. We studied 52 rabbits from 22 matings at the Experimental Unit of the School of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata. Diets contained two protein levels (14 and 17%) and three protein sources (meat, fish and feather meal). We evaluated the different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) alleles and existing genotypes, and recorded the following productive variables: weaning weight (WW), weight at 45 days (W45), weight at slaughter (WS) and hot carcass weight (HCW). Results; Three SNP variants (c.-49C>A, c.-33A>G and c.66G>A) were detected in the DNA fragment analyzed with two alleles. Whereas c.-49C>A (CC, AC) and c.66G>A (GG, AG) had only two genotypes, and C-33A> G had the three possible ones. Molecular variants were in equilibrium and two showed association (p<0.001). The main contributor to overall phenotypic variation was HCW, followed by level and type of protein, and presence of c.-49C>A alleles associated with the growth hormone gene. Conclusions: The results reported in this study show the greater impact of changes in the levels and sources of protein in the diet on the percentage of variation in productivity than the presence or absence of a particular allele. Keywords: Single nucleotide polymorphism, Animal Production, Genetics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-50 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031208 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1208 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1208 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031208.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:48-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xueyu Sun Author-Name: Yanan Yu Author-Name: Yueping Jiang Author-Name: Deming Li Title: A Case of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor presenting Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Abstract: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a dominantly inherited disease characterized by cafe´-au-lait spots in the skin and dermal neurofibromas. We report an unusual case of a 38-year-old women with NF1 presented with abdominal pain and iron deficiency anemia. Imaging studies revealed a lesion in the head of the pancreas. At surgery, a 20 mm neuroendocrine tumor was found in the head of the pancreas. We present this case of a patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) associated with NF1 and review the literatures that have been reported to discuss the characteristics of these tumors to improve early differential. Keywords: Neurofibromatosis Type 1, Von Recklinghausen's Disease, Neuroendocrine Tumor, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor, Carcinoma, Familial Syndrome Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-56 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031210 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1210 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1210 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031210.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:51-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: JIANG Yi-chen Author-Name: SUN Yong-ye Author-Name: GONG Wei-lei Author-Name: LI Yuan-yuan Author-Name: MA Ai-guo Title: Effects of Iron Overload on Growth and Intestinal Mucosa in Rats Abstract: Objective: To detect the mechanism of excess iron intake on growth and intestinal mucosa in rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Low Iron Group, Normal Iron Group, Medium Iron Group and High Iron Group upon daily iron intake of 7mg/kg, 16.8mg/kg, 35mg/kg, 70mg/kg respectively via fodder for eight weeks. The general condition, body weight and food intake were documented simultaneously. Serum level of Ferritin, IL-6 and IL-10 were detected using ELISA. The observation of morphology of intestine was also included concurrently. Results: The weight obtained was significantly lower in the High Iron Group compared with the other three groups while the average weight of the rats in the High Iron Group was lower than the Normal Iron Group. Meanwhile, the average amount food uptake of the High Iron Group had slightly decreased in the eighth week. In addition, the level of IL-6 in small intestine of the High Iron Group is higher than that of the Normal Iron Group (P<0.05), while the level of IL-10 in small intestine of the High Iron Group is lower than that of the Normal Iron Group (P<0.05). The histopathology results showed that normal morphology was found in Low Iron Group and Normal Iron Group, but the mucosa showed a slight injury in the Medium Iron Group with apical microvilli slightly off. Irregular shape of microvilli and necrosis were found in some epithelial cells of intestinal mucosa in the High Iron Group. Conclusion: Excessive dietary iron intake plays a negative effect on the normal growth and development, and resulted in intestinal inflammatory injury in rats. Keywords: Rat, Iron Overload, Growth and Development, Small Intestinal Mucosa Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-61 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031212 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1212 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1212 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:57-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ZHU Xiao-wen Author-Name: LI Rong-gui Title: A New Exploration of Extracting and Purifying the Coenzyme F420 from Natural Sludge Abstract: Coenzyme F420 is one kind of special flavin cofactors which exist in some Archaea and bacteria, it is a low potential electron transfer carrier in methanogens. In this study, we designed three specific primers of F420-dependent glucose-6-phos-phate dehydrogenase gene to determine which environment contains the more abundant coenzyme F420, and methods for separating, extracting and purifying the coenzyme F420 from this environmental samples were carried out, the pure coenzyme F420 was obtained by some optimizing methods from the natural sludge , and the purity and concentration of coenzyme F420 we got is just as good as the FMN standard sample which confirmed by their fluorescence emission spectrum. These optimizing methods would save more energy and time to get the good quality coenzyme F420. Keywords: Coenzyme F420, Separation and Purification, Fluorescence Spectra Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-67 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031213 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1213 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1213 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031213.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:62-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Debendra Bhandari Author-Name: Zhou Jianhua Title: Household Dependency on Buffer Zone Community Forest and its Implication for Management of Chitwan National Park, Nepal Abstract: Conservation of biodiversity in Protected Areas will be more challenging if local communities are heavily dependent on them for various forest products and subsistence needs. Thus this study sought to identify the demographic and socioeconomic variable that influence forest dependency exploring the relationship of forest dependency and household characteristics of the households of the Panbari Buffer Zone Community Forest User Group of Chitwan National Park, Nepal. A sample of 130 households was randomly selected for the household survey using stratified random sampling and collected was analyzed using logistic regression model. Logistic regression result indicate that wealth status of the poor household, household family size, livestock population, agricultural income and education are the five major determinants of forest dependency in Panbari Buffer Zone Community Forest. Policy interventions to ensure long-term success of landscape-level conservation of Chitwan National Park are needed to decrease dependence on forest resources expanding educational and training opportunities; and the policy measures that aim at increasing agriculture income, generating off-farm employment opportunities, supply of the alternatives of fuel wood energy and adopting agrisilvicultural system for the supply of fodder for the livestock. Keywords: Buffer Zone Community Forest, Chitwan National Park, forest dependency, logistic regression, Nepal Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-80 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031214 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1214 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1214 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031214.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:68-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fang Pin-Yeh Author-Name: Wang Qiang Title: Effects of Intensive Exercise Training Combined with Prophylactic Antidepressant Treatment on Motor Function and Depression in Patients with Stroke Abstract: Objective：To observe the effects of intensive exercise training combined with prophylactic antidepressant treatment on motor function and depression in patients with stroke. Methods：45 patients with stroke (not diagnosed as post stroke depression，PSD) were randomly divided into three groups by random number table: the simple treatment group, the intensive exercise training group, and the intensive exercise training + prophylactic antidepressant treatment group, each for 15 cases. The patients of 3 groups were given routine stroke drug therapy and rehabilitation training. On the basis of this, the intensive exercise training group increased motor function training once a day. In addition to increasing motor function training once a day, the intensive exercise training + prophylactic antidepressant treatment group was given further prevention of antidepressant medication. The modified Barthel index scale (MBI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate the motor function and depression of the patients in the 2rd and 4th week after treatment. Results：Before treatment, there was no significant difference among the three groups in Barhtel, FMA and depression index. After treatment, the Barthel index and FMA score of the treatment group and the intensive exercise training + prophylactic antidepressant treatment group were significantly different from those of simple treatment group. The ADL and FMA scores of the 2 groups were higher than those of the simple treatment group（P <0.05）. Compared with the intensive exercise training group, the Barthel index and FMA score showed no significant advantage in the intensive exercise training + prophylactic antidepressant treatment group. The SDS scores of the three groups were not statistically significant between the groups before and after treatment (in the group). Conclusion：Intensive exercise training therapy can effectively improve the overall prognosis of patients with stroke and improve the effects of clinical rehabilitation. There was no statistically significant difference in the recovery of motor function and the incidence of PSD in patients receiving prophylactic antidepressant treatment compared with patients who did not receive prophylactic antidepressant treatment. Considering that there is no PSD in the patients before and after the experiment, and the observation time is short, it is still not possible to draw the conclusion that prophylactic antidepressant treatment is ineffective. Keywords: PSD, intensive exercise training, modified Barthel index scale (MBI), Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale (FMA), depression, prophylactic antidepressant treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 81-89 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031215 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1215 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1215 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031215.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:81-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dandan Wang Author-Name: Chuanwei Li Author-Name: Yuxi Wei Title: Isolation and Identification of Cultivable Microorganisms Isolated from Sea Squirt (Ciona savignyi) Collected from the Jiaozhou Bay, China Abstract: Sea squirt is an important source for isolation of new bacteria strains that are able to accumulate bio-active compounds. In this study, we isolated and identified of cultivable bacteria isolated from sea squirt Ciona savignyi, collected from the Tsingtao Port, Jiaozhou Bay, China. We investigated the phenotypic characteristics and neighbour-joining phylogenetic analysis of this isolated cultivable strains, which suggested the isolated seventeen strains mainly belong to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria four phyla, of which twelve strains belong to Proteobacteria, accounted for 70.6% of total isolated stains, and respectively belonging to Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria. This identification and analysis of this these marine bacteria will enrich sea squirt-associated bacteria resources, from which more bio-active substances would be discovered. Keywords: Cultivable Microorganisms, Phylogenetic Analysis, Marine Bacteria, Sea Squirt, Isolation And Identification Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 130-135 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031216 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1216 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1216 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031216.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:130-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tadesse Abera Title: Teachers’ and Supervisors’ Perceptions of Supervision Practices in Public Secondary Schools in East Shoa Zone, Oromia Region Abstract: The purpose of the study was to explore perceptions of public secondary school teachers and supervisors in East Shoa Zone in Oromia Region regarding school supervision practices. A descriptive survey research approach was used in this study. Teachers, secondary school supervisors assigned by woreda education offices, school principals, and department heads were included as sources of data. Purposive sampling, stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select the zone, sample schools, and 256 participants for the study. The survey questionnaire consisted of 30 items, clustered around five dimensions of supervisory practice such as instruction (7 items), communication(6 items), staff development (7 items), evaluation (4 items), and classroom observation (6 items) were used by the researcher. Mann-Whitney U test—to identify if any significant differences exist between teachers’ and supervisors’ opinion on supervision practice dimension was deemed appropriate to analyse the survey data and were conducted using SPSS version 21. The findings from this study revealed that teachers and supervisors differed significantly on perceptions of different dimensions of supervisory practices such as instruction, communication, staff development, and evaluation. Classroom observation dimension of supervision practice was the only area, in which teachers’ and supervisors’ perceptions were very similar, i.e., teachers and supervisors seem to perceive these practices positively. Keywords: Perceptions, Supervision practices, Public secondary schools Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031219 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1219 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1219 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041219.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raj Kumar Baniya Author-Name: Chitra Bahadur Baniya Author-Name: Pu Mou Author-Name: Jianping Ge Title: Prey Selection By Tiger (Panthera Tigris Tigris) In Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve Nepal Abstract: Predator-prey relationship indicates the status of wildlife conservation. Identifying preys and their contribution to the diets of tigers are important for making conservation meaningful. The main objective of this research was to investigate the distribution pattern of tigers and availability of their preys in the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve (SWR), Far west Nepal. This research mainly focused on distribution and identification of scats, determination of prey species and factors affecting their selection. This study was conducted in SWR of 305 km2 area in Kanchanpur district, lowland, Far west Nepal. It was gazatted as Royal Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve in 1973. Data were collected through direct field observations and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. Relationship between tigers and preys was determined through scats analysis. Data were analyzed with the help of Scatman and vegan through R Software. Prey and habitat selection analysis showed that chital (Axis axis) preferred sal (Shorea robusta) forests while barking (Muntiacus muntjak) and swamp (Rucervus duvauceli) deer were abundant in river sides and fireline/mixed forests respectively. Then, identified eight prey species from 65 scats of which six percent had double preys and 94% single preys. Chital constituted 30% and swamp deer 17% of the total tiger’s diet. The population density of chital was the highest (54.10 animals/km2) followed by common langur (25.27 animals/km2), swamp deer (21.50 animals/km2) and hog deer (16.30 animals/km2). Chital, hog deer and langur were preyed significantly (P ≤ 0) higher by tigers indicating positive selection of these species. Swamp deer was preyed significantly low (P > 0) indicating negative selection probably due to its large size. Tigers prefer medium to slightly large prey species like chital of about 55 kg body weight compared to large sized swamp deer and sambar weighing more than 150 and 210 kg respectively in SWR. Since, both tigers and preys are endangered due to poaching and habitat loss, regular monitoring of them is essential to develop the tiger conservation plan. Keywords: food habitat, Panthera tigris tigris, prey selection, scat analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 90-99 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031221 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1221 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1221 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031221.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:90-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazmi SARITAŞ Author-Name: Serdar Büyükipekci Author-Name: Sibel Silici Author-Name: Selcuk Mistik Author-Name: Timucin Atayoğlu Title: The Effect of a Mixture of Royal Jelly and Honey on Hematological Parameters in Maximum Weight Training Athletes Abstract: To investigate the effect of royal jelly (RJ) + honey (H) mixture as nutritional ergogenic aids, on hematological parameters in maximum weight training athletes, 29 volunteer male students were divided as 15 students in the placebo group (Group 1) and 14 students in the study group (Group 2). Corn starch (50 g/day) was given to Group 1, and 5 g RJ + 45 g H mixture (50 g/day) was given to Group 2, for 8 weeks. The parameters of erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocyte were evaluated at the beginning, and at the end of 4 and 8 weeks. The volunteers had maximum weight training (for 2 hours/day, 4 days a week). The groups at each time point revealed a significant difference in Mean Cell Hemoglobin Concentration, Leukocyte, Neutrophile, and Platelet Distribution Width values at the end of the first month. No significant difference was found in other comparisons (p>0.05). It was concluded that the differences in some hematological parameters could be related to exercise, and the RJ + H mixture that was given did not demonstrate an adequate effect in the administered amounts and duration. Future studies are needed with higher doses and for a longer duration. Keywords: Royal Jelly, Honey, Strength Training, hematology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-36 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031222 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1222 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1222 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041222.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:28-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xuejie Xu Author-Name: Xuejiao Wu Author-Name: Ganjun Yuan Author-Name: Qiwang Zhong Author-Name: Li Xu Title: A New Inhibitor of γ-aminobutric Acid Aminotransferase from Streptomyces sp. ZZ035 Isolated from a Folk Medicinal Soil in China Abstract: Strain ZZ035 was isolated from a folk medicinal soil in China. Polyphasic taxonomy procedure indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces and was closest to S. cinnamonensis with high similarities (99.2%) of 16S rDNA sequence. 1 was isolated from the broth of this strain and identified as 5-amonimethyl-2-iminoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid. Its chemical structure was established by its spectroscopic data, and 1H and 13C signals were assigned by its 1H, 13C, Dept and HSQC spectra. Considering that 1 was a γ-aminobutric acid (GABA) derivative, its inhibitory activity against GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-AT) was assayed, and the result showed that 1 can inhibit GABA-AT activity with the 50% inhibitory concentration of approximately 60 μM. As 1 was a 2,3-disubstituted GABA derivative not published before, the approximate GABA-AT inhibitory activity of 1 compared to positive control vigabatrin showed that 1 were worthy of further research and developing. Keywords: Actinomycete, Streptomyces sp. ZZ035, γ-Aminobutric acid derivative, γ-Aminobutric acid-aminotransferase, Inhibitor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 100-105 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031225 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1225 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1225 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031225.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:100-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum Author-Name: Enah Dickson Achuo Author-Name: Foto Menbohan Samuel Title: A Study of the Morphological Structure of Chironomidae (Diptera) in a Tropical Urban Polluted Water System Abstract: In this study, theOlezoa stream in Yaounde was assessed todetermine the morphological structure of Chironomid genera that are present in the aquatic ecosystem. The biological analysis revealed a lowdiversity of larva andpupalexuviae. The tribe of Chironomini revealed 03 genera which are: Chironomus, Goeldichironomus and Nilothauma. The chironomidae developmental stages exhibit a variety of adaptations in polluted areas which could be: morphological, physiological and behavioral all of them occurring simultaneously within each developmental form and the different genera. Gelatinous egg masses which were found floating on the surface of water or attached to the aquatic vegetation of Obili Lake have an elongated- ribbon like shape. Each mass possesses an average of 50 ± 7 egg rows arranged linearly; with each egg row containing an average of 16.8 ± 1 eggs. Each egg has an oval shape with a characteristic brown colour. It measures between 4.32-4.96mm in length with an average length of 4.73±0.25mm in the samples assessed. Keywords: Chironomid, Olezoa Stream, Larva Instars, Pupal Exuviae Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017031226 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1226 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1226 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061226_1.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: The GIMP Retinex Filter Applied to the Fabric Fault Detection Abstract: In this paper we are proposing the use of a Retinex filter, the GIMP Retinex, for improving the methods for fabric fault detection based on image processing. Since the Retinex filtering is simulating the human vision, it can act in the processing of the images as the trained staff of textile industry is acting in the visual inspection of fabrics on off-line stations. Here some examples are proposed. These examples show that an image preprocessing based on a Retinex filter can help any further analysis aimed to detect the presence of defects. Keywords: Image Processing, Retinex Filtering, GIMP Retinex, Texture Analysis, Textiles, Fabric Fault Detection Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 106-112 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031227 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1227 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1227 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031227.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:106-112 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Qasim Author-Name: Tariq Mahmood Ansari Author-Name: Mazhar Hussain Title: Preparation, Characterization and Engine Performance of Biodiesel Fuel Derived from Waste Cooking Oil and its Blends Abstract: The crude oil price hike, depletion of petroleum product reserves and global warming due to fossil fuel emissions has stimulated the researchers to explore alternative energy resources. The objective of this research was to prepare biodiesel from waste cooking oil and to study the performance characteristics in a diesel engine without any modification. In this work, biodiesel was prepared from waste cooking oil collected from a local restaurant in Multan, Pakistan. The prepared biodiesel was blended with petroleum diesel at different proportions and characterized for physicochemical properties using ASTM standard methods. A 5.5-kW water-cooled single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine was used to measure brake Specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and exhaust gas temperature of the engine fuelled with petroleume diesel B0, biodiesel blends B10, B15 and B20 fuels. Keywords: Waste Cooking Oil, Biodiesel Blends, Alternate Energy, Diesel Engine, Performance Parameters Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 113-118 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031231 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1231 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1231 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:113-118 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhoj Raj Pathak Author-Name: Xie Yi Author-Name: Radhika Bohara Title: Community Based Forestry in Nepal: Status, Issues and Lessons Learned Abstract: Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) is a system of managing forest by the participation of local community for the mutual benefit of forest and local people. However, the level of participation may be varied according to the modalities and tenure arrangements. Nepal has been implementing CBFM approach for the forest through differently named programs since 1976, with the formulation of National Forestry Plan, 1976. Recently, six different modalities of forest management are categorized as CBFM that covers about 2.3 million hectare forest that is 38.5% of total forest in the country, and involved more than 3.8 million households. This vast number of households benefited has also brought special attention on further development and expansion of community based forest management modalities in Nepal. Moreover, its piloting experience on CBFM, Nepal appears at the front position in implementing CBFM program in the international arena. To grab this achievement it has gone through many ups and downs. Behind its success stories it has faced many issues with lots of learning and experience. In this connection, this paper has tries to explore the current status of various CBFM modalities in Nepal retrospectively with the experience from more than 3 decades of policy formulation and implementation. Moreover, this paper also strives to illustrate the lessons learned, related issues and the recent initiatives on CBFM practice in Nepal, which may benefit the policy makers and practitioners interested in community based forestry. Moreover, this paper has highlighted that only one type of CBFM model is not enough to address the need of different category people of diverse locality, for which policy reforms and revision of relevant guidelines are crucial according to the changing context and lesson learns. Keywords: Community Based Forest management, People’s participation, Policy reform, Nepal Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 119-129 Volume: 6 Issue: 03 Year: 2017 Month: March Number: V62017031232 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1232 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1232 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017031232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:3:p:119-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Osuala Eunice O Author-Name: Ezenduka P Author-Name: Nwankwo C Author-Name: Okafor C Author-Name: Odira Chika Title: Health Seeking Behaviour of Pregnant Women in South East of Nigeria: Implication for Improved Natal and Postnatal Care Abstract: This study examined the choice of place of care by expectant mothers in a Local Government in Anambra State and factors that influence such choices in order to identify factors that militate against health -seeking behavior among the group and proffer solution. The study population was 82 pregnant women in a Primary Health Center in the State. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in the selection of the respondents. Three research questions and four null hypotheses guided the study. The instrument used for data collection was structured questionnaire. Face and content validity of tool was ascertained by Experts while correlation coefficient of 0.83 was established through a pilot study. Demographic information was also obtained for the study. With SPSS version 20, descriptive analysis was done to answer the research questions while Chi-square test was adopted in testing the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that the choice of place of care had significant correlation with level of education (r = 0.306, p<0.05) and parity (r = -0.283, p< 0.05) However it had no significant relationship with age (r = 0.084, p >0.05) and income (r = 0.207, p >0.05) of the respondents. This calls for free education programme for women by the Government to boost educational level among the group as well as organized programme for adolescent girls on the importance of health - seeking behavior in pregnancy. Keywords: Expectant-mothers, Knowledge, Health-Behaviour, Midwifery-services Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-41 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031238 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1238 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1238 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041238.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:37-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Basti Asadova Mirzoyeva Title: Influence of Na Salt Solutions on the Germination, Development and Dynamics of the Activity of Nadp-Enzyme of Barley Seeds Abstract: The influence of different concentrations of NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 salts on the ability of growth and development of barley seeds (Hordeum vulgaris) and the influence of these concentrations on the dynamics of activity of NADP enzymes formed in plant cells such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, EC 1.1.1.49) anddecarboxylatingmalate dehydrogenase (MDH, EC 1.1.1.40). Solutions of Na salts had a negative effect on the growing ability and development of sprouts and the effectiveness of this effect,being directly dependent from the concentration of saline solution This action was sharply manifested at the first stages of seed germination. At the initial stages of development, the G6PD-enzyme showed great activity and the activity of the MDH-enzyme became higher in comparison with the previous one. The salt factor manifested at lower salt concentrations, led to induction of both enzymes, sproutsdevelopmen and associated compared with the previous one. The effect of salt solutions led to a decrease the activity of G6PD / MDH respectively. Keywords: Solutions of Na salts, Barley sprouts, Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Malate Dehydrogenase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-47 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031239 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1239 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1239 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041239.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:42-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel Fambon Title: Poverty Changes in Cameroon over the 1996-2007 Period Abstract: This study examines changes in the extent of poverty in Cameroon during the period 1996-2007. More specifically, it investigates the determinants of poverty as well as the contributions of growth and redistribution factors to changes in poverty over a period of 12 years going from 1996 to 2007. The analysis is based on data gathered at the household level by three consecutive household surveys that were conducted in 1996, 2001 and 2007 respectively. The results of the study show that over a period of 12 years, the extent of poverty decreased by more than half in the urban area, while in the rural area, it fell first between 1996 and 2001, and then increased from 50% in 2001 to 55% in 2007. This alarming rate of increase in poverty in the rural area requires a greater attention of the government which should initiate efficient poverty reduction programs. The study also reveals that human and social resources, as well as physical capital, household size, the occupation and the residence region are the main determinants of poverty. Lastly, the decomposition of changes in poverty into growth and redistribution components indicates that during the sub-period 1996-2001, growth and redistribution contributed to the reduction of urban poverty, whereas redistribution almost did not have any impact on the reduction of rural poverty. On the other hand, over the sub-period 2001-2007, the reduction of poverty in the urban area is mainly explained by the effects of growth and redistribution, while in the rural area, the increase in poverty is essentially explained by the unfavourable growth effect. The implications of the results of the study for a pro-poor policy are discussed. Keywords: Poverty, determinants, growth, redistribution, Cameroon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-64 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031241 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1241 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1241 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041241.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:48-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olu Israel OYEWOLE Author-Name: Mary Omolayo FAKOKUNDE Title: Liver and Kidney Function Analysis in Hepatitis-B Patients Attending a Health Facility in Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract: Objective: The study was designed to determine changes in liver and kidney function parameters associated with hepatitis B infection among patients attending Nigerian Air Force Hospital (NAFH) Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. Methodology: The study made use of forty subjects (aged 35-50) divided into four groups of ten each (A-male non-hepatitis, B-female non-hepatitis, C-male hepatitis, D-female hepatitis). Serum samples were collected from the hepatitis patients and analyzed for some liver and kidney function parameters in comparism with their non-hepatitis counterparts. Results: There was significant increase in activities of serum enzymes -Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in male and female hepatitis patients compared with their non-hepatitis counterpart. Serum level of total protein was significantly reduced while total bilirubin was significantly elevated in hepatitis patients compared with the control. Measurement of kidney function biomarkers in the serum of hepatitis B infected patients showed elevated concentrations of urea, creatinine and uric acid while serum electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Cl-) were significantly reduced compared with the control. Conclusion: This results indicate that hepatitis B virus infection caused significant disruption of metabolic functions in the liver and kidney of the patients. This research is a further confirmation that other organ such as the kidney are negatively affected in hepatitis infection aside from the liver which is the principal target. Keywords: Hepatitis B, liver function, kidney function, aminotransferases, electrolytes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 65-68 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017031244 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1244 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1244 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041244.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:65-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Qasim Author-Name: Mazhar Hussain Author-Name: Tariq Mahmood Ansari Title: Comparative Assessment of Thermo Chemical Properties of Different Consumable Automobile Oils in Respect of their Environmental Friendly Use Abstract: In this study thermo chemical characteristics of different virgin and waste engine oils (VWEO) have been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to assess thermo chemical properties of different consumable automobile oils of the local market of Multan Pakistan to have insight knowledge about their adverse environmental effects. Four vehicle engines and one air compressor engine were included in this research work. Fifteen VWEO samples including motorcycle engine oils (M1M2MU), spark ignition (SI) engine oils (S1S2SU), compression ratio ignition (CI) engine oils (C1C2CU), air compressor engine oils (A1A2AU) and hydraulic engine oils(H1H2HU) have been analyzed and compared for specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, flash point, total base number (TBN), total acid number (TAN), copper corrosion and sulfur contents by adopting international methods. Elemental analysis has been carried out by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results of some of the samples were found within the allowable range. However, motorcycle engine oil M2 and SI engine oil S2 were found below the minimum test limits possibly due to the adulteration. Furthermore, the samples were subjected to elemental analysis for the purpose of their adverse environmental effects. In two samples lead (Pb) concentrations were found above the maximum allowable limits while in three samples Chromium (Cr) level was more than its upper allowable limit. Keywords: Thermo-Chemical, Characteristics, Automobile Oils, Environmental, Hazardous Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 69-79 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041245 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1245 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1245 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041245.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:69-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luciane Dalarmi Author-Name: Cristiane Bezerra da Silva Author-Name: Ellis Marina Szabo Author-Name: Daniella Maria Soares de Oliveira Author-Name: Maislian de Oliveira Author-Name: Vinícius Bednarczuk de Oliveira Author-Name: Sandra Maria Warumby Zanin Author-Name: Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias Author-Name: Obdulio Gomes Miguel Author-Name: Marilis Dallarmi Miguel Title: Dalbergia brasiliensis Vogel Extracts in vitro Antioxidant Activity and Phytotoxic Effect in Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa Abstract: Based on medicinal use of Dalbergia species, the present study aimed to evaluate D. brasiliensis leaves and barks crude extracts and fractions’ antioxidant and phytotoxic potential, employing allelopathic essays and 3 antioxidant essays: Phosphomolybdenum complex reduction, DPPH free radical scavenging and TBARS (lipid peroxidation). Concerning Phosphomolybdenum complex reduction potential, leaves chloroform fraction (LCF) and barks ethyl acetate fraction (BEAF) overcame rutin’s reduction potential in 90% and 23%. DPPH essay revealed leaves ethyl acetate fraction (LEAF) antioxidant potential (IC50 de 40,629 µg/mL), given standards ascorbic acid (IC50 = 4,503 µg/mL) and rutin (IC50 = 7,330 µg/mL) activities. TBARS essay demonstrated that leaves hexane fraction (LHF) (51%) and barks ethyl acetate fraction (BEAF) (41%) stand out when compared to BHT antioxidant activity (54%). Regarding phytotoxicity, the lowest crude extracts and fractions concentration (250 µg/mL) employed were able to inhibit L. sativa and A. cepa primary root initial growth, specially leaves hexane fraction (LHF) and leaves chloroform fraction (LCF). Dalbergia brasiliensis fractions might function as stress inhibitors in oxidant systems and alter meristem cellular division, due to present substances’ activity. Keywords: Allelopathy, primary root inhibition, antioxidant effect, oxidative stress Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-87 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041251 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1251 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1251 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041251.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:80-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaohui SUN Author-Name: Lingling SUN Author-Name: Chen Jiang Author-Name: Zhiqiang QIN Author-Name: Mei Lin Title: The Expression and Prognosis of Caspase-9 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Abstract: Objective: We aim to investigate the expression of Caspase-9 and its prognostic significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The expression of Caspase-9 in 108 specimens of HBV-related HCC, 30 cases of cirrhosis tissue and 20 cases of normal liver tissue was examined by immunohistochemical staining. And we explored the relationship of Caspase-9 with clinicopathological parameters, 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Results: Caspase-9 expression in HCC was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissue (χ2 = 4.349, P = 0.037). The expression of Caspase-9 was not different both between normal liver tissue and cirrhosis, cirrhosis and HCC (χ2 = 0.347, P = 0.556; χ2 = 2.713, P = 0.100). Caspase-9 expression in HCC was correlated with Edmondson grade and satellite nodule (P = 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). Survival analysis showed that Caspase-9 expression was associated with OS and DFS (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: The expression of Caspase-9 correlated with the carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. Assessment the expression of Caspase-9 may predict the recurrence and survival of HCC patients. Keywords: Caspase-9, Apoptosis, Prognosis, Hepatocelluar carcinoma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 88-95 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041254 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1254 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1254 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:88-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gaber Ahmed Saad Author-Name: Mohamed M. Elghazaly Title: Histological Study on the Reversal Gonadal Activity in the Mussel Lithophaga truncata (Gray, 1843) during Testicular Phagocytosis (Pelecypoda - Mytilidae) Abstract: The histological observations of the gonad in the mussel Lithophaga truncata (Gray, 1843), inhabiting the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia, indicated that there was only one gonadal cycle in the year. During November - February the gonadal follicles were in a quiescent state. Follicles were few in number and scattered throughout the vesicular connective tissue. In females oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes predpminated the ovary. In males the follicles were small and scattered throughout the connective tissue in the same way as females. During April - July previtellogenic oocytes began to undergo growth phase and extending towards the center of the follicles. In males spermatogenesis became more apparent and proceeded at a faster rate. The gonadal follicles ramified rapidly, and the development of gametes of both sexes was very fast. In females the vitellogenic oocytes showed prominent development. During August - October both sexes had ripe gametes. In males, the central portion of the follicles was empty because of the recent discharge of large quantities of ripe gametes. At the end of this step resorption of the gonads proceeded very rapidly and emptied follicles began to acquire an elongated form. It was found that during the process of resorption of the testicular follicles of 15 males out of 50, increased number of undifferentiated residual cells appeared inside the follicles which seems to be phagocytic in function. Many oogonia and previtellogenic oocytes appeared inside the vesicular connective tissue among the testicular follicles. Keywords: reversal gonadal activity – oogonia - previtellogenic oocytes - vitellogenic oocytes - spermatogenesis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 96-99 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041255 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1255 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1255 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:96-99 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Caroline MOMO SOLEFACK Author-Name: Lucie Félicité TEMGOUA Author-Name: Norbert Gildas ASSONE Title: Germination and Viability of Pericopsis elata (Harms) V. Meeuwen (Fabaceae) Seedlings Issues of Different Mother Tree Diameters in Forests Production (East - Cameroon) Abstract: Pericopsis elata (Fabaceae) is a highly commercial species of semi-evergreen wet forests in central and western Africa. Its exploitation began in the second half of the 20th century because of its highly valued wood on the international market. Because of its low potential for natural regeneration, it is now considered an endangered species by IUCN and listed in Appendix II of CITES. No action was taken on the identification of good mother tree to enable good production of seedlings suitable for the management of logged forests of this species. Hence the need for new scientific investigation with a view to obtaining the missing information which would allow an unambiguous decision on the threats to the species. The objective of this study, which was conducted from November 2015 to July 2016, was to determine the diameter classes with the highest seed germination rate and the highest viability of the seedling seedlings at four months after sowing. To determine the germination rate, 100 seeds were tested for each diameter class. After germination, the seedlings were monitored for 120 days at the end of which the viability rate was calculated for each diameter class. Seeds from mother tree of the highest diameter classes [60-70cm[, [70-80cm[, [80-90cm[ and [90-100cm[ recorded the best germination rates with respectively 36, 42, 30 and 36%. The simple regression between germination rate and seed diameter classes is significant at the 5% probability threshold. The highest seedling viability rate of 98% is obtained with mother tree the diameter class [70-80cm[. However, it should be noted that the simple regression between plant viability and seed diameter classes have a fairly good relationship. Keywords: Germination, seed, seedlings, diameter class, mother plant, Pericopsis elata Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 100-108 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041256 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1256 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1256 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041256.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:100-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thierno Seydou BADIANE Author-Name: Raymond Demba NDIONE Author-Name: Mamour TOURE Author-Name: Fawrou SEYE Author-Name: Mady Ndiaye Title: Larvicidal and Synergic Effects of two Biopesticides (Azadirachta indica and Metarhizium anisopliae) against Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera, Culicidae) (Say, 1823) Abstract: Mosquitoes in general and Culex quinquefasciatus in particular have for a long time constituted a source of nuisance due to the diseases they transmit, stings and annoying buzzing. They are also a public health problem. This is why this study is aimed at finding a biopesticide that can fight effectively but also be an alternative to chemical residual pesticides in the environment. Concentrations of biopesticides used are ranged from 2.5 108 to 12.5 108 spores/ml with intervals of 2.5 108 spores/ml for Metarhizium anisopliae. Concentrations ranging beetween 8 10-4g/ml to 40 10-4 g/ml with intervals of 8 10-4 g/ml of Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) were used to fight against 100 three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Concentrations of the mixture of Azadirachta indica (Sunnem 1%) and Metharhium anisopliae ranging from 0.02 ml +2 108 spores/ml to 0.02 ml + 1 108 spores/ml were used to study synergic effects of these two biopesticides. One hundred (100) of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus are used as control and placed in the same jars with 500 ml of distilled water. Metarhizium anisopliae (green muscle) have caused 50% mortality of three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus after 3 days. Azadirachia indica (Suneem 1%) have gaved a mortality more than 60% after 2 days. The mixture Azadirachta indica (Suneem1%) and Metarhizuim anisopliae caused a high mortality with a rate that exceeds 90% in 3 days. The mixture also prevented a larval moult thus stopping their growth and development. In summary, both Metharizium anisopliae and Azadirachta indica (Suneem 1%) are effective against three instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Their mixture caused a synergic effect and thus increased their individual efficacy of two biopesticides. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Metarhizium anisopliae , Culex quinquefasciatus, mortality, efficacity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 109-115 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041258 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1258 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1258 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041258.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:109-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: A. Haruna Author-Name: O. J. Oko Author-Name: S. C. Ortutu Title: Fatty Acid, Phospholipid and Sterol Compositions of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and Wonderful Kola (Buchholzia aoriacea) Seeds Abstract: A comprehensive study on fatty acid, phospholipid and phytosterol compositions of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and wonderful kola (Buchholzia coriacea) seeds flour were determined using standard analytical techniques. The most concentrated fatty acid (%) was oleic acid in Artocarpus altilis seed (56.775) while linoleic acid (42.644) was the most concentrated acid in Buchholzia coriacea seeds. The increasing order of the concentrated fatty acids in Artocarpus altilis seeds were: stearic acid (4.723) < palmitic acid (11.412) < linoleic acid (25.710) < oleic acid (56.775) < while that of Buchholzia coriacea seeds were: linolenic acid (2.197) < stearic acid (6.734) < palmitic acid (11.241) < oleic acid (35.719) < linoleic acid (42.644), respectively. Arachidinic, linolenic, erucic, palmitoleic, behemic, lignoceric, arachidonic, margaric, myristic, lauric, capric, caprilic and caproic acids were present in small quantities with none of them recording up to 1.0% in both the two plant seeds. The results also showed high concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (57.071%) in Artocarpus altilis and 36.739% in Buchholzia coriacea, and values of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were 0.125 and 2.212% for the two plant seeds, respectively. The respective phospholipids composition of phosphatidylserine (204.75 mg/100g) and phosphatidylinositol (29.35 mg/100g) showed a highest concentration in Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea while diphosphatidylglycerol was the least phospholipid with concentrations of 0.11 and 0.01 mg/100 g for both samples. The concentrations of phytosterols were of low values except in sitosterol with values of 90.81 and 31.24 mg/100 g in Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea respectively. This study provides an informative oil profile that will serve as a basis for further chemical investigations and nutritional evaluation of the Artocarpus altilis and Buchholzia coriacea seed oils. Keywords: Breadfruit, wonderful kola, fatty acids, phospholipids, phytosterols Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 116-123 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041260 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1260 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1260 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:116-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nsonde Ntandou GF Author-Name: N’Goka V Author-Name: N’Goka V Author-Name: Boumba SL Author-Name: A.A. Abena Title: Chemical Screening, Acute Toxicity and Analgesic Effect of the Aqueous Extracts of Vitex madiensis Oliv. (Lamiaceae-Viticoïdeae) and Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hérit. (Phytolaccaceae) Leaves Abstract: The purpose of this study is to identify the various secondary metabolites and evaluate the toxicity and analgesic activity of Vitex madiensis Oliv.(VM) and Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hérit.(PD) aqueous extracts two plants used in traditional medicine in Congo for the management of pain and other conditions. Phytochemical analysis ,by using tube reaction method, revealed very strong presence of saponins, strong presence of alkaloids and tannins from PD; strong presence of tannins, sterols and tri-terpenes from VM. Standard procedures using OECD Guideline helped to consider the VM extract non-toxic with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg / kg and the PD extract low toxic with an LD50 greater than 2000 g / kg in mice. Extracts promote an increase in body mass. Extracts tested at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg / kg inhibit significantly (p <0.001) the abdominal cramps induced by acetic acid in mice. PD extract was more effective. Extracts decrease significantly (P <0.001) the pain in the first phase (200 mg/kg) and second phase (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) on formalin test.The signs of toxicity with PD extract and the inhibition of pain by both extracts would be due to the secondary metabolites presents in these extracts. The results obtained suggest that the analgesic effect of VM and PD may be mediated via both central and peripheral mechanisms. Keywords: P. dodecandra, Vitex madiensis, Aqueous Extracts, Phytochemical, Toxicity, Analgesic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017041261 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1261 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1261 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011261.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abas Almodares Author-Name: Zahra Etemadifar Author-Name: Arezoo Omidi Title: Solid-State Fermentation from Dried Sweet Sorghum Stalk for Bioethanol Production Abstract: Due to depletion of global crude oil, countries are interested to alternate fuel energy resources. Presently bioethanol as a source of energy has been a subject of great interest for the industrialized countries. Therefore, there is a need for efficient bioethanol production with low cost raw material and production process. Among energy crops, sweet sorghum is the best candidate for bioethanol production. It has been identified as having higher drought tolerance, lower input cost and higher biomass yield than other energy crops. In addition it has a wide adaptability and tolerance to abiotic stresses. Water requirement of sweet sorghum is one third of sugarcane and one half of corn that are currently used for bioethanol production. Moreover due to the shortage of water in dry and hot countries, there is a need to reduce water requirements for bioethanol production and solid state fermentation could be the best process for making bioethanol in these countries. The purpose of this study was to achieve the highest ethanol yield with lowest amount of water in solid state fermentation using dry sweet sorghum stalks. Fermentation medium were: dry sweet sorghum powder with nutrient media, active yeast powder and different moisture contents. The fermentation medium was incubated for 48 to 96 hr.at 35 ºC temperature. The results showed sweet sorghum powder (15% w/w) fermented in medium containing 0.5% yeast inoculums, 60% moisture content and 72 hr. incubation period produced the highest ethanol yield of 12.16% w/w dry sweet sorghum powder. Keywords: Sweet sorghum, Bioethanol, Solid state fermentation, Water content, Biomass Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 124-129 Volume: 6 Issue: 04 Year: 2017 Month: April Number: V62017041264 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1264 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1264 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017041264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:4:p:124-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faizah AW Ahmed Author-Name: Haneen S Al-bachary Title: Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase Gene (GSTP1) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Basra Province/Iraq Abstract: Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes that included, in a wide range of detoxifying reactions by conjugation of glutathione, to electrophilic material. Polymorphisms in the genes that are responsible for GSTs affect, the function of the GSTs. GSTs play an active role in protection of cell against oxidative stress mechanism. Polymorphisms of GSTP1 at codon 105 amino acids forms GSTP1 important site for bind of hydrophobic electrophiles and the substitution of Ile/Val affect substrate specially catalytic activity of the enzyme and may correlate with reach to different diseases in human like diabetes mellitus type2 disease. Correlation between these polymorphisms and changes in the parameters file of diabetic patients has also been found, therefore, the results vary considerably among the studies. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to study GSTP1genetic polymorphism in 60 T2DM patients and 40 healthy individuals. Our results showed that presence of the GSTP1 heterozygous mutant allele Ile/Val was more common in subjects with T2DM than in the control group (35.00% and 17.50.00%, respectively. Among patients there is an association between GSTP1and the risk of T2MD, both genotypes Ile/Val and Val/Val were more prevalent which result in 2.90 and 2.58 respectively risk towards T2DM .According to Hardy–Weinberg principle there was no deviation appears in the distribution of GSTP1 Alleles. GSTP1 genotypes do not have an effect on blood lipids after infection with diabetes mellitus. Keywords: GSTP1, Polymorphism,T2DM, Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017041265 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1265 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1265 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mang Tukla Author-Name: Xue Yongji Title: Contribution of Community Forestry in the Local livelihood and Resource Management in Touk Kaki, Cambodia Abstract: Livelihoods of community are largely based on the forest; they could be expected to be strongly committed to preserving the forest and its non-timber forest products (NTFP) resources while at the same time using them for their daily livelihood. Local benefits are limited to the uses of forest resources. The incomes achieved are barely enough to support and improve the livelihoods while many study have revealed that resource are being declined due to over exploitation. The objective of study is to evaluate the process of community forestry and how community forestry contributes to maintain sustainable resource and to the local livelihood wellbeing. 125 households were selected randomly for the questionnaire survey in Toul Kaki commune. Logistic regression results have revealed that most of local household depend mostly on fishing in mangrove forest. Logistic regression also shown crop plantation and rice farming were also important after fishing activities to the share of better off of local household. In conclusion, as the community forestry in Toul Kaki is more rely on rice farming and fishery resource, this community forestry has a great different from other community forestry. Fishery resources are the main contribution from forest as the main NTFPs in the community. However, the community forestry has been successfully implemented since more household are betteroff after 5 years of establishment of CF. Forestry commune council was the most active local institute helping and support local community for their livelihood activities with the help of local NGOs that were doing relevant activities. Keywords: Cambodia, livelihood, effectiveness, multiple regression, NTFPs, local institute, mangrove forest, and fishery resources Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-24 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017041266 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1266 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1266 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051266.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:8-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Damte Shimelis Title: Patterns of Blood Pressure in Infants who Survived from a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Abstract: Background: Neonates admitted and treated at neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are at increased risk of developing hypertension. We measured blood pressure of infants who survived from the neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) during follow up. We are reporting the patterns of blood pressure of these infants. Short of appropriate BP apparatus, BP is not routinely measured in resource limited settings. Timely identification of high BP could help to avert the occurrence of target organ damage. Objectives: To assess the pattern of blood pressure and associated factors for hypertension in infants who survived from the NICU. Materials and methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted from January 2015 to September 2016 at Tikur Anbessa Hospital High Risk Infant Clinic (HRIC). Three measurements were taken at each visit and mean blood pressure was taken for analysis. Infants with high BP in the first visit were followed for two more visits 4 weeks apart. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile for gender and age is considered hypertension. Results: Blood pressure was measured for 394 infants from 1 month to 24 months of age. More than half (56.1%) were male. Eleven infants (2.8 %) were hypertensive in three subsequent visits; 3 were females and 8 males. Four were admitted at birth because of prematurity, low birth weight; small for gestational age, hypothermia and sepsis but 7 were term infants with perinatal asphyxia and sepsis. Binary logistic regression didn’t show statistically significant association between high BP and patient characteristics at admission. Conclusion and recommendation: Routine blood pressure monitoring should be the standard practice in the care of high risk infants. Longitudinal studies are recommended to see the pattern and associated risk factors for HBP in survivors of the NICU. Keywords: high risk infant clinic, neonate, Ethiopia, neonatal intensive care unit, high blood pressure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-29 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051267 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1267 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1267 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:25-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: T. Olivier Amoussou Author-Name: Aboubacar Toguyeni Author-Name: Ibrahim Imorou Toko Author-Name: Antoine Chikou Author-Name: Mivice Bravo Author-Name: Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim Title: Effects of Hydrogeographical Origin on Zootechnical Parameters of Wild Populations of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) Abstract: The effect of geographical origin on the zootechnical parameters of tilapias is very poorly documented, unlike production systems and farming methods. In this study, the growth and survival characteristics of Oreochromis niloticus individuals were analyzed in relation with their waterway of origin, sex and age at experimental fishing. Durung the rearing, the duplicate groups were constituted keeping the 2 sexes (male vs female) separately. Fingerlings were fed using a granulated commercial fish feed (35% of proteins; 3 mm in diameter). Apart from chlorophyll «a», 3 phytoplankton and 5 zooplankton species were also available in the rearing tank. The body weight, total length, standard length, average weight gain, nutritive quotient and survival rate were similar (p>0.05) between lake Toho and Couffo river but weaker at these two waterways than Ouémé river (p<0.05). The ponderal and linear specific growth rates were significantly identical between lake Toho and Couffo river but more important (p<0.001) in these two waterways than Ouémé river. The majority of the individuals indicated an allometric growth (b<3), which is less desirable in fish farming. In short, 2 populations were identified: the group constituted by Ouémé river and the one including lake Toho and Couffo river. It appears important to lead actions (selective breeding, crossbreeding) to improve the zootechnical performances of these local populations in order to promote their aquaculture. Keywords: Benin, Oreochromis niloticus, chlorophyll, plankton, aquaculture Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-42 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051269 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1269 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1269 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:30-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shadia A.M.Daoud Author-Name: Niveen Salaheldeen Author-Name: Abdel Raouf Bello Title: Rural-Urban Youth Migration and Informal Self Employment in Omdurman Market Sudan Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the rural youth migration to Khartoum state that are self employed in informal sectors. A purposive sampling technique was adopted to select 50 respondents from Omdurman market Data were collected in the face-to-face interviews by using a pretested questionnaire,. The study findings indicate that majority of youth were on young less than 19 migrated alone seeking jobs as most of them left their work as farmers Socio economic situation of rural youth characterized by vulnerability ,poverty and illiteracy low skill to get job outside of informal sector . Migrant youth interviewed were self-employed because they did not have the possibility of being wage-employees,. Work of youth in informal sector challenged by lack of protection , low income and no access to capital to improve their self employed work. study found spite of the challenges faced the youth did not want to go back to their place of origin.. The study concluded that Young migrants are more vulnerable when, in combination with their age and stage of life, they experience isolation, exclusion, discrimination and insecurity Keywords: Rural Youth Migration, Informal sector Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-48 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051270 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1270 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1270 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051270_2.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:43-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Paul Columba Inyang-Etoh Author-Name: Aniedi Effiong Daniel Author-Name: Ofonime Mark Ogba Author-Name: Uloma Opara-Osuoha Title: Urogenital Schistosomiasis and Intestinal Parasitosis Coinfection among School Age Children in Adim Community, Nigeria Abstract: The prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis, intestinal parasitosis and their co-infection was carried out among the school age children in Adim Community from August to November, 2015. Urine and stool samples were collected from each of the subjects selected by simple random sampling method and processed using standard bacteriological and parasitological techniques. Of the 200 subjects examined, 42(21%) were infected with Schistosoma haematobium, 88(44%) with intestinal parasites and 21(10.5%) were co-infected. Subjects aged 5-10 years had the highest prevalence of infection (30%) with S. haematobium, while subjects’ aged16-20 years had the highest prevalence of infection (80%) with intestinal parasites. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Males recorded the highest prevalence of infection (30%) with S. haematobium, for intestinal parasites (50%) and for coinfection (15%) while females had (17.1%), (41.4%) and (8.5%) respectively and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). Hookworm (45.5%) had the highest frequency among the helminthes while Entamoeba histolytica (4.6%) was the only protozoan detected. This work confirmed a high prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis, intestinal parasitosis and their co-infection among the school age children in Adim community. Keywords: Urogenital Schistosomiasis, Intestinal Parasitosis, Co-Infections, School Age Children Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-15 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017051280 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1280 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1280 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061280.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:10-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. A. Fatuyi Title: Technological Shift and Consequences for Pottery Practices in South-Western Nigeria Abstract: Art and crafts including pottery from early times have played significant roles that are characterized by striking clarity, distinctness or truth to life. Nigerian traditional pottery has flourished as a viable occupation, especially among Nigerian women. Pottery were produced to satisfy domestic, ceremonial, religious and ritual purposes as evidenced in Nok, Gwari, Osun, Ekiti and Akoko Edo areas. It is observed that the traditional pottery industry suffered a major setback due to technological advancement and styles of production. The industry is now on the verge of decline in many places due to competition from mass-produced goods, of metal, plastic or glass serving the same purposes as pottery. Regardless of this, there has not been any significant scholarly research in technology advancement and implication for pottery. The aim of the study is an analysis of technological advancement and implication for pottery in South-Western Nigeria. Six States, namely Ondo, Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Oyo and Osun States were focused on. The methodology of the study was tailored to suit the diverse fields that are involved in pottery. The research population of this study was classified in three categories: Traditional potters in the study areas which consists of all potters in the trade, Pottery Enterprises and Tertiary Institutions offering ceramics courses in the study areas. Purposive sampling technique was used because of its suitability in terms of coverage and scope of the research population. Digital camera was used to record photographs of pottery wares and oral interviews were conducted. The techniques, theme, materials and functions were analyzed, collated and examined. Findings showed that two techniques of pot production were identified, the direct and in-direct methods. The challenge of technological advancement makes pottery profession struggle to keep pace with the changing trends in development. Technology introduced many convenient technique of production such as casting for mass production which was not found in traditional pottery. It is recommended that pottery centres be provided as platform for training and practicing. Galleries should also be built for the display of pottery wares and also enhance market outlet. The findings will ensure a wider participation of potters and continual existence of craft. Findings will also encourage the Government as well as public organization to patronize traditional pottery by using them for beautification of public places and souvenir for guest and also make loans accessible to practitioners for the procurement of modern equipment. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 93-102 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V62017051284 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1284 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1284 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061284.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:93-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chan-Yong Kim Author-Name: Kil-Su Jang Author-Name: Oh-Hun Kwon Author-Name: Su-Gyeong Jeon Author-Name: Jung-Bae Kwon Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Ji-Hye Mun Author-Name: Yong-Sung Park Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Addition of Green Pepper Enhanced Antioxidant Potential and Overall Acceptance of Beer Abstract: Beer is one of the most widely consumed alcoholic beverages all over the world. Different studies have been carried out to enhance the quality and acceptance of beer. Various raw materials including herbs and spices have been used as a beer adjunct or flavoring for centuries, especially for specialty beer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of green pepper on antioxidant potential and quality characteristics of beer. Addition of green pepper enhanced the antioxidant potential and the overall acceptance of the beer brewed with different proportion of pepper without deteriorating its basic chemical properties. Based on the overall acceptance as well as the antioxidant potential, the optimum proportion of green pepper to be added was 60 g in 10 L of water. Results of the present study imply that green pepper could be used as an effective enhancer for antioxidant potential and overall acceptance of beer. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Beer, Green Pepper, Quality Characteristic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-54 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051288 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1288 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1288 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051288.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:49-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji M.I.O. Author-Name: Garba I. Title: PCR Analysis of Resistant Bacteria Strains Isolated from River Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria Abstract: Thirteen resistant bacteria strains from River Sokoto namely Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Providencia rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumonae and Enterobacter aerogenes recovered on Mueller-Hinton agar by disc diffusion method were subjected to PCR (Polymerase chain reaction) analysis to determine their antibiotic resistance genes. Forward and reverse copies of five primers (TEM, spvC, SHV, aacC3 and qnrS) were used in the PCR analysis. Aminoglycoside resistance genes (aacC3) were detected in the majority of the isolates such as E. coli, Shigella flexneri, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus saprophytica and Enterobacter aerogenes with plasmid numbers ranging from 1 to 4 and molecular weights ranging from 185 bp to >10,200 bp. Virulence resistance genes (spvC) were detected in Salmonella typhi on two plasmids with molecular weights of 571 bp and >10,200 bp while quinolones resistance genes were detected on plasmid numbers ranging from 1 to 3 and molecular weights ranging from 400 bp to 1000 bp in Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Providencia rettgeri. Three different resistance genes namely β-lactam (blaTEM), virulence (spvC) and quinolones (qnrS) on 6 plasmids with molecular weights ranging from 428 bp to 1,200 bp were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa while two resistance genes (aacC3 and qnrS) on 2 plasmids with molecular weights of 185bp and 428bp were detected in Klebsiella pneumoneae. Non-specific resistance genes alongside with specific resistance genes were however detected in the majority of the isolates. The study revealed that the resistance genes exhibited by resistant bacteria isolates from River Sokoto were mainly virulence, aminoglycoside and quinolones resistant genes. The scientists are therefore challenged on the need for development of new antibiotics to combat the infections caused by these resistant strains. Keywords: PCR Analysis, Resistant Bacteria, Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Non-Specific Resistance Genes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-14 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017051289 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1289 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1289 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:9-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raul Pitoro Author-Name: Takemore Chagomoka Title: Food Security Dynamics and its Drivers in Rural Mozambique Abstract: This paper uses regionally representative panel household survey data of 1,186 households in the high agriculture potential zone located in the Central and Northern regions to assess household food security trends and its drivers, specifically to determine the extent landholdings have influenced food security dynamics in rural Northern-Central Mozambique. The main finding of this study is that although food security level has been stable over the study period, the agricultural production, rural non-farm activities, establishment of food reserves, food availability, assets, and access to non-farm income opportunities and transportation have influenced food security level of the rural families. This suggests that investing in infrastructures such as public transportation and roads, minimizing agricultural production risks, promoting in education and livestock production aremore likely to have a larger effect on the extremely poor households than on the less poor when wage employment opportunities and proper training are available. Keywords: Food Security, Landholdings, Mozambique, Panel Data, Rural, Dynamics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-65 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051291 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1291 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1291 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:55-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. C. Adene Author-Name: Adedeji O.A Author-Name: Bakry H.O Title: Intraspecific Hybridization of Clarias anguilaris and Exotic Hollandis Clarias gariepinus Abstract: Intraspecific hybridization work was carried out on Clarias anguilaris and exotic hollandis Clarias gariepinus with the aim of determining the combination with the best hatchability, survival, and growth performance. The highest percentage hatchability (52.94%) was recorded for the parental exotic Clarias gariepinus while the least (43.99%) was recorded for the parental Clarias anguilaris, 51.80% hatchability was recorded for female Clarias anguilaris x male exotic Clarias gariepinus and 50.68% hatchability for female exotic Clarias gariepinus x male Clarias anguilaris respectively. The highest percentage survival of 74.5% was recorded for parental Clarias anguilaris and the least percentage survival of 38% was recorded for parental exotic Clarias gariepinus. The highest growth performance of 1.77g was observed in pure exotic hollandis C .gariepinus fry, followed by the hybrid cross of female exotic Clarias gariepinus x male Clarias anguilaris(1.60g), then the hybrid cross of male exotic Clarias gariepinus x female Clarias anguilaris (1.53g) and the least was 1.43g for pure Clarias angularis fry. The highest length increase of 0.89cm was observed in the fry of pure exotic hollandis Clarias gariepinus and the least is 0.53cm for pure Clarias angularis fry. Therefore the result of this research work shows that the hybrid of Male exotic holladis Clarias gariepinus x Female Clarias anguilaris is better for culture since the percentage survival, hatchability and length increase is higher than that of Female exotic Clarias gariepinus x Male Clarias anguilaris. Although there was no significant difference in their growth performance. Keywords: Intraspecific, Hybridization, Clarias, Exotic, Hatchability, Survival, Growth Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-20 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017051292 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1292 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1292 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081292.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:15-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Innocent A. Edagha Author-Name: Jessie I. Ndem Title: Nauclea latifolia Ethanolic Leaves Extract Moderately Hepatoprotects, but Decreases Periodic Acid-Schiff and Up-regulates Cytokeratin-7 Expression in Prophylaxis Malaria Abstract: Some herbal antiplasmodial plants have not been investigated for their hepatotoxic and glycogen lowering effects in experimental malaria models. We investigated the histochemical and immunohistochemical effects of ethanolic leaves extract of Nauclea latifolia (NL) an antiplasmodial plant on the liver of experimental prophylactic malaria mice. Twenty (20) mice (20-24 g) were grouped after acclimatization as follows: group A administered normal saline for 3 days, then inoculated with Plasmodium berghei (Pb); group B received 500 mg per kg body weight extract for 3 days then infected with Pb; group C received 1000 mg per weight extract for 3 days then infected with Pb; group D received 5 mg per kg body weight Artemether/lumefantrine (AL) for 3 days then infected with Pb. Extracts and drug were administered orally via oro-gavage needle. Inoculums of Pb at 1x106 were injected intraperitoneally and were subsequently monitored for 72 hrs, then fasted over night, and humanely sacrificed with liver tissues excised and processed for light microscopy. Result of routine hematoxylin and eosin stain in Figure 1 revealed that group A had the most heptocellular distortions and inflammation with prominent hyperplasia compared to extract and drug treated groups (groups B - D); in figure 2 periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) showed that group A had moderate PAS expression of glycogen stores; extract groups had depleted glycogen stores compared to group D – the AL group had more glycogen stores. In figure 3 the cytokeratin-7 showed that groups A - C had moderate positivity, while group D was mild/lower. In conclusion NL ethanolic leaf extract is moderately hepatoprotective in a dose dependent manner, but decreased periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) expression of glycogen granules and moderately up-regulated cytokeratin-7 in experimental prophylaxis malaria mice. Keywords: Hepatocytes, Malaria, Prophylaxis, Periodic acid-Schiff, Cytokeratin-7 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-72 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051295 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1295 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1295 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051295.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:66-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raphaël N’doua Etilé Author-Name: Georges Kassi Blahoua Author-Name: Théophile Aké Bédia Author-Name: Paul Essetchi Kouamelan Author-Name: Valentin N’Douba Title: Spatio-temporal Variability of Acartia clausi (Copepoda, Calanoida) Population Structure, Abundance, Body Length, and Biomass in a Tropical Coastal Lagoon (Grand-Lahou, Côte d’Ivoire) Abstract: The spatial and seasonal variations of Acartia clausi population structure, abundance, biomass and body length variation in relationship to environmental variables were investigated in the Grand-Lahou lagoon at 21 stations from January to December 2004. A. clausi abundance, biomass and body (prosome) length showed considerable seasonal and spatial variation. On average, total population abundance and biomass obtained during the dry season (Mean: 7.11 ind/l and 9.08 µgC/l respectively) were higher than that those which have gotten during the wet season (Mean: 2.98 ind/l and 2.76 µgC/l respectively). The same tendency was registered for prosome length of all development stages, with 275-1000 µm during the dry season versus 225-975 µm during the wet season. A. clausi population (without the nauplii) was dominated by copepodids stages in all seasons. During the dry season, on average, copepodids stages constituted 76.65% of total density and 52.98% of total biomass. During the wet season, copepodids stages represented 92.23% of total density and 72.42% of total biomass. In the adults stages, on average females (F) were more numerous than males (M), with a sex ratio (M/F) of 0.75. However, males were slightly more abundant than females during the dry season (February to April and September) with sex ratio (M/F) range from 1.10 to 1.46. Correlation on data of this study analyses showed that spatio-seasonal variations of A. clausi abundance, Biomass and Body length were mainly linked to water salinity, pH, transparency and dissolved oxygen, phosphates and nitrates concentrations. Keywords: Acartia clausi, Population Structure, Abundance and Biomass, Body Length, Tropical Lagoon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-28 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017051296 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1296 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1296 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:16-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: O. J. Oko Author-Name: C. Andrew Title: Ground Water and River Quality Assessment for Some Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Parameters in Wukari Town, Taraba State, Nigeria Abstract: With a few to assessing the qualities of water sources in Wukari local government area (LGA), a study was conducted on ground water and rivers in two settlements at Wukari LGA. For this purpose, some heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, iron, copper, mercury and manganese) and physicochemical parameters (temperature, turbidity, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, conductivity, pH, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, alkalinity, hardness and chemical/biochemical oxygen demand) were determined in water samples collected from hand–dug wells, boreholes and rivers in Puje and Avyi during wet and dry seasons using standard analytical techniques. The results showed that all the seven metals determined were detected and present at trace levels in all the water samples ranging from 0.001 ppm (Hg) in well and borehole to 0.0768 ppm (Fe) in river, and 0.001 ppm (Hg) in borehole to 0.0763 ppm (Fe) in river for Puje and Avyi, respectively. However, all the metals were found to have contained concentrations below the permissible safe level. The results further revealed that the levels of physicochemical parameters in the water samples for both wet and dry seasons are within the required standard limits set by World Health Organization (WHO) for drinking water. Nevertheless, source protection is recommended for the bodies of water for the benefit of Wukari people. Keywords: Hand–dug Well, Borehole, River, Physicochemical Parameter, Wukari Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 73-80 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051298 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1298 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1298 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051298.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:73-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Igor Smirnov Author-Name: Mark Krinker Author-Name: Galina Pana Title: The Comparative Estimation of MRET Treated and Regular Water Absorption by Human Tissue with the Electro Physical Method Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 81-86 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051304 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1304 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1304 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:81-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Somda Namwin Siourimè Author-Name: Bonkoungou Ouindgueta Juste Isidore Author-Name: Traoré Yves Author-Name: Savadogo Aly Title: Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi and Paratyphi Responsible of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fevers Transmitted by Environment and Food Abstract: This study deals with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi responsible of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers transmitted by environment and foods. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are systemic diseases caused by the bacteria Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, respectively. Humans are the only reservoir for Salmonella Typhi (which is the most serious), whereas Salmonella Paratyphi also has animal reservoirs. Humans can carry the bacteria in the gut for very long times (chronic carriers), and transmit the bacteria to other persons (either directly or via food or water contamination). Although S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi are strictly adapted to humans, both serovars can remain viable in the environment, surviving in water and underlying sediment for days to weeks. Foods are susceptible to be contaminated and transport Salmonella include vegetable products such as lettuce. In developping countries, typhoid and paratyphoide fever were generally treat with using antimicrobial such as quinolones, and cephalosporin. Patients were not responding to the most available antibiotics of choice. Some patients, because of ignorance and lack of financial means, prefer street drugs, so they practice self-medication. Those practices can enhance the antibiotics resistances genes. As the ultimate solution for the prevention and eradication of paratyphoid fever, it is essential to improve sanitation such as the provision of safe water and food as well as enhanced public health awareness. Keywords: Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi, typhoid and paratyphoid fever, epidemiology, antibiotic resistance, environment, food Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-96 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051305 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1305 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1305 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051305.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:87-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jin-Hwan Son Author-Name: Bo-Ra Kim Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Author-Name: Hye-Ryun Kim Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Yong-Sung Park Author-Name: Eun-Jung Park Title: Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Fruit Dressing Using Lentil (Lens culinaris Med. cv, Silvina) Legume Abstract: Fruit and vinegar dressings are seasoned mixture usually used as stuffing in foods. Quality characteristics and antioxidant potentials of fruit and vinegar dressings prepared by adding lentil were investigated and compared with those of commercial products. The four dressing samples were named as D-1: fruit dressing purchased from a local store in Daegu, Korea; D-2: grapefruit-sugaring dressing prepared in the present study; D-3: vinegar dressing purchased from the local store in Daegu, Korea; D-4: pineapple-vinegar dressing prepared in the present study. The pH and titratable acidity in all samples ranged from 2.9 to 4.6 and from 0.6 to 1.2%, respectively. The crude protein content was 2.29% for D-2 and 4.03% for D-4, while was not detected in commercial dressing samples, D-1 and D-3. The D-4 sample exhibited the higher levels of Ca (215.40 mg/kg), K (1,105.83 mg/kg), Mg (233.63 mg/kg) and Fe (13.78 mg/kg). The content of total amino acid in D-3 and D-4 samples were 8.269 and 3.419 mg/mL, respectively. The highest content of total phenols (191.13 µg GAE/mL) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (93.69%, Inhibition) were observed in D-4. The results of this study indicated that use of lentil could increase the quality and antioxidant potentials of fruit and vinegar dressings. Keywords: antioxidant activity, fruit dressing, lentil, quality characteristics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 101-108 Volume: 6 Issue: 05 Year: 2017 Month: May Number: V62017051307 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1307 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1307 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017051307.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:5:p:101-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LiuFangfang Title: The Research on Democratic Quality of University Students Abstract: Democracy is one of the hallmarks of human civilization and a landmark issue in the process of achieving the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Improving the quality of all democratic awareness has a very important strategic significance on the development of socialist democratic politics and the establishment of socialist political civilization. Being the future builders and successors of the socialist cause with Chinese characteristics, college students are continuing momentum of social development and a significant group in the process of advancing the construction of socialist democratic politics which can not be ignored. The aim of this research is to strengthen the importance of democratic construction of student organizations and building a democratic living environment so as to help them to get access to experience of democratic life, thus practical improvement of contemporary college students’ democratic quality and ability can be achieved. Keywords: University Students, Democratic Consciousness, Socialist Construction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-35 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061309 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1309 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1309 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061309.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:29-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sibusisiwe Magama Author-Name: Asita Okorie Asita Title: Evaluation of Chenopodium album Linn. Crude Methanolic Leaf Extract for Central Antinociceptive Activity in Albino Mice using the Hot Plate Test Abstract: The aim of study was to evaluate the crude leaf extract of Chenopodium album for central antinociceptive activity using inbred NIH albino mice. No mortalities were observed during the 14 day period in any of the 4 groups of 5 mice per group orally given 1, 2, 3, and 5 g/kg bw respectively. It was therefore assumed that the LD50 was higher than 5 g/kg bw. Eddy’s hot plate test for antinociception using 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw and standard drug Aspirin (150 mg/kg bw) orally administered revealed that both Aspirin and the extract at 100 and at 150mg/kg bw exhibited significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent antinociception compared with the negative control at the seven time intervals; 30, 60, 120,180, 240,300, 360 minutes. The maximum antinociception (71.47%) for the 150mg/kg bw group being at 30 minutes after administration and statistically not different from that of Aspirin (67.44%) at the same time interval. Between 30 and 180 minutes after oral administration of test substances, antinociception due to C. album extract (150 mg/kg bw) was statistically not different fromthatduetoAspirin. Thereafter Aspirin remained more efficacious than the extracttill the end of experiment at 360 minutes; a parallel shift from 240 minutes suggesting a similar mechanism of antinociception. Keywords: Hotplate Latency, Antinociception, Chenopodium album, Phytochemicals Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-44 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061310 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1310 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1310 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:36-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henry Benerman Title: Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Continuing Priority and a Lurking Threat Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017061311 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1311 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1311 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071311.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amani M. Alzahrani Title: Detecting the Quality of Drinking Water in the Province and around Khurma Abstract: In this research has been gathering a number of water samples from a variety of sources, including ( home - Mosque - hospitals - schools - Wells ) organization for six weeks and three periods Alghreef,khurma and zoulm to examine the quality of this water found that there is a large number of the total samples from negative bacteria Gram negative bacteria brews للاكتوز which give an indication of the water pollution microbiological and found that of microbiological examination of many samples the pollution rate increased from 58.82 % of total samples. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-47 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061315 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1315 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1315 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061315.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:45-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. G. Fall Author-Name: L. S. Tounkara Author-Name: M. B. Diop Author-Name: A. Mbasse Author-Name: O. T. Thiaw Author-Name: P. Thonart Title: Chemical Characteristics and Microbial Quality of Guedj a Traditional Fermented Fish from Senegal Abstract: The present study aimed to estimate the chemical characteristics and microbial quality of traditional Senegalese fermented fish produced locally and known as Guedj which was prepared by using three types of fish: fatty fish (Machoiron or catfish or Arius latisculatus), medium fat fish (Capitaine or Pseudotolithus brachygnatus) and lean fish (Sompatte or Pomadasys jubelini). Samples were collected from three production areas located in Dakar, Thies and Fatick regions. The other samples were from Institute of Food Technology (ITA). Samples from ITA were used as controls. Results of test samples have shown significant differences in most chemical and microbial parameters when compared with those of the controls. Mean values of moisture contents, pH, TVB-N and NaCl of Guedj samples from the three production areas were significantly higher than those of the control (collected at ITA). Specifically: 1) moisture contents from Machoiron, Capitaine and Sompatte were 58, 42.60 and 26.90%, compared to controls 42.48, 35.60 and 24.40 %, respectively. 2) pH values were 6.56, 6.38 and 6.35 compared to controls 6.42, 6.28 and 6.28 respectively. 3) TVB-N values were 228.3, 308, and 334.8 compared to controls 155.4, 236.5, and 204.8 respectively. 4) NaCl contents were 10.75, 10.78 and 7.77 compared to controls 8.20, 7.80 and 6.56 respectively. Microbiological analyses showed that all test samples displayed higher microbial loads when compared to the control groups. We noted the presence of yeasts and molds, coliforms, pathogenic staphylococci, clostridia and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in some of Guedj samples, but salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were absent. In conclusion the poor quality of the fermented fish, Guedj were mainly due to use of low quality spoiled fish as raw material, unhygienic procedures, the lack of standard operating procedures and adequate equipment, combined to improper salting and drying. Keywords: Traditional fermented fish-Guedj, chemical characteristics, microbial quality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-54 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061323 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1323 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1323 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:48-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gail Krantzberg Author-Name: Stephanie Theriault Title: Would Implementing Responsible Care® Principles Improve the Safety of the Fracking Industry? Abstract: Fracking is an industrial activity and like all industrial activities, it can have positive and negative impacts on the environment and society. The debate would benefit from a discussion of the risks and an analysis of the means for their mitigation. To this end, we describe of the principles of ethics of Responsible Care®, first formulated in Canada by the now Chemical Industry Association of Canada, could improve the performance of the industry and gain public trust in the process. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-62 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061324 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1324 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1324 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061324.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:55-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. F. Sule Author-Name: O. F. Ajala Title: Long-term Estimates of Reservoir Evaporation Using ARIMA Model and Impact on Water Supply: A Case Study of Erinle Dam, Osun State, Nigeria Abstract: It is common practice in water resource management to estimate evaporation of water from reservoirs using nearby measurements of pan evaporation. With the emergence of water supply and food security issues as a result of increasing population and climate change pressures, the need for efficient use of available water supplies is paramount. Management of available resources and improved efficiency require accurate knowledge of evaporation, which is a major water loss pathway. This study used Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to forecast pan-evaporation data. The historical data on pan evaporation (1982 – 2012) at Osogbo, southwest Nigeria, was initially subjected to a regression analysis which showed that the data has an increasing trend, while the plot of autocorrelation function indicated that the data is not stationary. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), as well as diagnostics of residuals confirmed that ARIMA(3,4,3) is a good fit for both short term data forecast and data generation for pan-evaporation. Estimated long term reservoir evaporation series (2013 – 2062) was applied to the reservoir capacity curve and compared to the water demand curve. The results showed that with the increasing evaporation trend the reservoir will not be able to serve the various benefitting towns after year 2038. This implies that new water sources would be needed to meet the increasing water demand due to increasing population. Keywords: Evaporation, ARIMA, Water Supply, Forecasting, Reservoir, Management Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-38 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017061331 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1331 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1331 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:29-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: B. F. Sule Author-Name: S. E. Ayenigba Title: Application of GMS - MODFLOW to Investigate Groundwater Development Potential in River Meme Catchment, Kogi State, Nigeria Abstract: Groundwater modelling is an important tool that can be used to determine appropriate management strategies for groundwater conditions. It is useful in monitoring groundwater levels due to extensive exploitation as is presently done in the Otokiti area on the River Meme catchment, Lokoja, Nigeria. A conceptual model was developed using Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) software. The model was calibrated both in steady and transient states. The steady state calibration was done for March 2009, aquifer performance data while the transient model was calibrated for March 2016 aquifer data. Results from calibration showed values of hydraulic conductivity varying from 0.02 to 25.6 m/d while the recharge rates varied from 0.0001 to 0.0007 m/d. A predictive run was done from 2016 to 2026 where the model examined the response of the aquifer to abstractions under three different schemes. In Scheme A, the abstractions remained the same as that of the current year 2016. In Schemes B and C, abstractions were increased by 20% and 60% respectively over the 2016 rates. The results showed that there was very little decline in head for locations near the rivers at the eastern and western parts of the catchment. However, for locations in the central part of the study area, which were mostly residential, there was a gradual decrease in head of up to 6 m for scheme A, 6.5 m for scheme B and 6.8 m for scheme C. The implies that even if the rate of abstraction is increase by up to 60% i.e. at 122 m3/d, the groundwater system would still be sustainable as a main source of supply for domestic consumption. The volumetric budget of the study area for the three abstraction schemes also showed that the groundwater abstraction was generally less than the annual groundwater recharge. Consequently, more water is available in the formation which can be abstracted for future development without any appreciable loss of head. Keywords: Groundwater, Modelling, GMS, Calibration, Abstraction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-51 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017061332 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1332 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1332 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:39-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mücahit Coşkun Author-Name: Sevda Coşkun Title: An Analysis on the Distribution of Maquis-Shrubland: Karabuk-Safranbolu Basin (Turkey) Abstract: Karabük-Safranbolu basin is located in the Western Black Sea Region in the northwest of Turkey. The basin lies within 100 km from the coastline and is an important area, as it hosts Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean plants species. The focus of the study is maquis formation. Occupying a large place on the earth, Maquis communities are commonly distributed over the regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails. These regions are the Mediterranean Region, California, Chile, the Cape and Australia. Distribution of the Mediterranean plant species in the Euro-Siberian phytogeographic region, and vice versa, is related to climate changes and plant migration in the past. Karabük-Safranbolu basin sets a model for such distribution. The study aims to determine the maquis shrubland formation within the Karabük-Safranbolu basin and examine the vertical-lateral distribution patterns. The methodology is based on a regional approach. ArcGIS 10.3 was used for preparing cartographic materials. Within the scope of the study, certain maps of the region such as topographical, physical, slope, aspect, soil, geological, geomorphological and forest management maps were examined as the materials of the study as well as using some meteorological data. The elements of maquis shrubland in the region were detected through field surveys and their distribution patterns were addressed. Keywords: Maquis Shrubland, Maquis Formation, Maquis Distribution, Karabük-Safranbolu Basin, Turkey Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 63-70 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061336 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1336 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1336 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061336.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:63-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bashir Abdrhman Bashir Mohammed Author-Name: Hisham Hassan Dirar Author-Name: Maisa Ahmed Badaneen Title: Platelet Indices among Sudanese Pregnant Women with Medical Disorders Association; A Cross-sectional Study in Port Sudan City Abstract: Pregnant women with medical disorders may associated with multiple changes in platelet indices parameters. It may be arising from hemodilution or increased platelet consumption during uteroplacental circulation. Platelet indices (PI) are a group of derived platelet parameters extracted as a part of the automatic complete hemogram. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of Platelets as a diagnostic or prognostic marker across the disease associated with Sudanese pregnancies. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2015 at Port Sudan Teaching Hospital, Port Sudan, Sudan. 40 Sudanese pregnant women with different medical complications were enrolled and 10 well pregnant women were included in this study. In both, platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR) and platelet cell concentration (P-LCC) were done. The pregnant women with medical association in compared with well pregnant women were found to be significant in the MPV, PDW, P-LCR, and P-LCC (P < 0.022, 0.036, 0.021 and 0.040 respectively). In contrast, PLT and PCT were found to be insignificant (P< 0.871 and 0.666). However, platelet indices were higher in patients than in controls except for the PLT and PCT level no changes were displayed. Accordingly, the convincing laboratory evidences in this study show that the usefulness of platelet indices as marker for medical disorders associated with pregnancy. The MPV and PDW are potential markers in the predicting disease severity. Keywords: Platelet indices, MPV, PDW, Pregnant women, Port Sudan Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 71-75 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061338 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1338 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1338 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061338.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:71-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Quansah Author-Name: Xiao Zhirong Title: Analysis of the Effects of Vertical Irregularity on Isolated Structures Abstract: Vertical irregularity tends to have an adverse impact on the seismic effect on structures, but currently, there is the lack of appropriate research on the use of isolation technique to reduce seismic effect and issues related to a weak story. This paper focuses on the analysis of isolated vertical irregular structure in both scenarios of mass distribution and stiffness distribution. Discussion on the influence of shear forces distribution pattern, damping coefficients and other parameters caused by the irregular distribution of story mass and stiffness is made. According to previous works cited and our case study analysis, it concluded that base isolation of irregular structures ensures better seismic resistance by reducing base shear and improving damping characteristics. Keywords: Isolated Structure, Vertical Irregularity, Effect Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-79 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061340 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1340 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1340 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061340.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:76-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chu Thi Thanh Huong Author-Name: Huynh Thi Lan Huong Author-Name: Tran Thuc Title: Developing the Indicators for Monitoring the Adaptation Actions for Quang Ngai Province, Viet Nam using the Delphi Technique Abstract: The Paris Agreement requests to establish the transparency framework to clarify, and track the progress towards achieving Parties’ National Determined Contributions and Parties’ adaptation actions. Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) for adaptation aims to enhance the transparency, and to check progress and the effectiveness of the adaptation actions. Developing the indicators for monitoring the adaptation actions contributes to the development of the adaptation MRV system. This paper focuses on the process of establishing the indicators to monitor adaptation action in forestry sector, Quang Ngai Province, Viet Nam. After two rounds of the Delphi technique are applied, the indicators are then grouped into 3 clusters based on the Result Based Management tool (Adaptation Capacity, Adaptation Actions, and Sustained Development in climate change) to identify the effectiveness of adaptation action. Our study found that 8 out of 10 indicators were ranked in the 4-5 range (likely relevant to highly relevant), which means they should be applied in Quang Ngai province. As indicated by the experts, 02 indicators (Salinity, and Percentage of saltwater intrusion areas) were not appropriate due to the unclear effectiveness of adaptation action. The set of indicators could be used to monitor the progress of project implementation. Monitoring the implementation progress of adaptation action contributes to the commitment of adaptation component under Vietnam’s NDC and the development of the MRV system for adaptation. The MRV for adaptation needs to be further researched and developed. Keywords: Indicator, Monitoring, Adaptation, Delphi Technique Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-86 Volume: 6 Issue: 06 Year: 2017 Month: June Number: V62017061341 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1341 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1341 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017061341.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:6:p:80-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liu Yaju Author-Name: Chi Yuwan Author-Name: Wang Dongxuan Author-Name: Qi Liping Title: Extraction and Location of Monomer Coordinates of Amanita based on Fourier Transform Abstract: A discrete Fourier transformation-based algorithm to locate the monomer coordinates of Amanita was proposed in this paper according to the shape and size of the Amanita. Characteristics of image data of Amanita were used to determine borders and describe the image acquisition of Amanita. For the shape range of Amanita, coordinates of the mushroom center were calculated by the Fourier transform algorithm, which were processed by translation, rotation and zooming. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can extract accurate coordinates of Amanita effectively. The extraction accuracy reaches as high as 96.33%. Keywords: Image Recognition, Orientation Processing, Shape Range Description Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-48 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071343 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1343 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1343 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071343.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:45-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atim David Asitok Author-Name: Sylvester Peter Antai Author-Name: Maurice George Ekpenyong Title: Water Soluble Fraction of Crude Oil Uncouples Protease Biosynthesis and Activity in Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria; Implications for Natural Attenuation Abstract: Three hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria isolated from crude oil-impacted mesotidal waters of the Niger Delta area of Nigeria, and identified, by 16S rRNA sequencing, as Vibrio fluvialis OWPB63, Serratia sp. MWPB18 and Pseudomonas fluorescens OWPB17 demonstrated commendable protease production ability in skimmed milk-minimal medium. Protease biosynthesis commenced in all three bacteria before the first 2 h of fermentation with peak productivities of 4.12, 0.73 and 1.12 μg/mL/h reached at 12, 36 and 48 h for Vibrio fluvialis, Serratia sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens respectively. Activities of the enzymes assessed with azocasein as standard substrate were respectively 116.61, 174.56 and 145.84μg/mL/min. Median inhibition concentration (IC50) for Vibrio fluvialis enzyme biosynthesis, significantly (P<0.05, 0.01) influenced by exposure time, was <10% (<0.91 mg/L) with a corresponding IC50 for protease activity of <50% (<4.55 mg/L). This suggests that protease biosynthesis was more amenable to toxicity by WSF than its activity. Supplementation of respective crude bacterial proteases in pure-culture biodegradation medium containing casein-N significantly (P = 0.005; R2 = 0.9914) enhanced hydrocarbonoclasis, however only 13.8 mg C-CO2 was evolved in the mixed-culture study as against 98.4 mg in the control containing NH4Cl. These findings imply that inhibition of bacterial protease biosynthesis by WSF of crude oil reduces nitrogen availability thus limiting natural attenuation opportunities oil-spilled aquatic ecosystems. Keywords: Crude oil, Water soluble fraction, Protease, biosynthesis, Toxicity, Vibrio fluvialis OWPB63 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-21 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071344 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1344 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1344 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:5-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aydın Özdemir Title: Application of Stormwater Runoff Estimation Methods in the Case of Faculty of Agriculture Main Campus Abstract: Stormwater management is the practice to reduce the volume and velocity of runoff generated from development sites. Measuring and quantifying volume of runoff associated with land use characteristics is important for sustained practice. This study aims to fill the gap of applying a stormwater management model to quantify runoff volumes in a university campus for flood mitigation. To evaluate the effects of stormwater management practices in a small scale urban setting, we performed modeling using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) to make projections for reducing overall stormwater flow and flooding during the long-term storm events. Modeling results show that 23% of surface runoff (6,027 m3) was infiltrated. More than 19.000 m3 of water could be stored for irrigation purposes and almost 73.600 US Dollars could be saved annually by these techniques. Results indicate that SWMM holds promise for use at smaller scales in urban settings. Keywords: Stormwater management, SWMM, rainfall, surface runoff, campus design, Ankara Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-27 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071354 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1354 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1354 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071354.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Warta Dewi Author-Name: Indrati Author-Name: Inne Suherna Sasmita Title: Extract Ethyl Acetate Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) as a Counterstain in Gram Staining Technique Abstract: Objective: to test the extract of ethyl acetate Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) As dye substitution in Gram staining technique. Material and Methods: Made Preparations from the suspension Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Streptococcus sanguine ATCC 10556 counted 30 preparation, and then done Gram staining process to this preparation. 1 preparation using counterstain basic fuchsin as a control and 29 other preparations using ethyl acetate extract of Red Fruit as a counterstain, the result of staining compared to using standard degradation of RHS color chart. Result: From 29 sample preparations used the counterstain extract of ethyl acetate Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.), 12 preparations produced a color close to color code 62B on the standard degradation of RHS color chart that is moderate purplish pink. Conclusions: From this preliminary study that examined the extract of ethyl acetate Red Fruit as a counterstain on Gram staining resulted in a color contrast between Gram + and Gram -bacteria though not as good as if using compressed/counterstain basic fuchsin. Keywords: Red fruit (Pandanus Conoidenus Lam.), Counterstain, Gram Staining Technique Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-32 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071357 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1357 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1357 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071357.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:28-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kyung-Mi Jung Author-Name: Sun-Hwa Kim Author-Name: Eun-Chul Seo Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Quality Characteristics of Kochujang Prepared with Peach Jam and Salt Replacement Abstract: Kochujang, hot pepper paste, is a widely consumed Korean traditional food and also makes a typical Korean meal. The objective of the present study was to investigate the quality characteristics of kochujang prepared with salt replacement (SR) as a substitute of ordinary salt (OS) since intake of high sodium is not good for health. Reducing sugar (29.35%) and amino nitrogen (82.6%) contents of SR kochujang were significantly high compared to OS kochujang (24.82 and 68.6%, respectively), however, sodium content was significantly lower in SR kochujang (1292.26 mg/100 g) than in OS kochujang (1568.71 mg/100 g). Free sugars like fructose and glucose contents were also significantly high in SR kochujang. Similarly, antioxidant potentials in terms of DPPH and ABTS were significantly high for SR kochujang (30.13 and 27.31%) compared to OS kochujang (27.05 and 24.72%), respectively. In addition, the score for overall acceptance of SR kochujang (4.81) was higher than that of OS kochujang (3.13). Results of the present study suggested that nutritious kochujang having significantly higher antioxidant potentials and lower sodium content could be prepared using salt replacement as a substitute of ordinary salt. Keywords: Kochujang, Peach Jam, Quality Characteristics, Salt Replacement, Sodium Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-39 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071359 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1359 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1359 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071359.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:33-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayl E. Ecton Title: Bioethics Beginnings and Fatal Misunderstanding: Hazardous Chemical Medical Experimentation of Eye Pigmentation Conducted by the “Angel of Death” Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-56 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017071362 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1362 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1362 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091362.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:52-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abayomi Joseph Afe Author-Name: Ganiyu Agboola Author-Name: Abimbola Oduola Author-Name: Maduakolam Onyema Author-Name: Timothy Akinmurele Author-Name: Florence Olaosebikan Author-Name: Adeola Olatoun Title: Gaps in Quality of Antenatal Care Offered by the Traditional Birth Attendants in Southern in Nigeria Abstract: Introduction: In Nigeria, the annual number of pregnancies is estimated at over 6 million. Of this number, about 58% of pregnant women attended antenatal care at least once while 45% visited antenatal clinics at least 4 times. Also only about 35% of births occurred in health facilities (20% and 15% in public and private sector facilities respectively). About 62% of births occur outside the health facility, majority of which are in the rural areas. Overall, 39% of births are delivered by skilled personnel, 41% by Traditional Birth attendants (TBAs) and relatives while 20% had unassisted delivery ). Traditional Birth attendants are traditional, independent (of the health system), non-formally trained and community-based providers of care during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. When trained, TBAs can augment their traditional function of conducting delivery with risk assessment in the prenatal period and referring mothers to health centers if complications are anticipated or in emergency. Trained TBAs can also perform deliveries and cord care hygienically and use appropriate methods to prevent and control post-partum haemorrhage. This study was conducted to show the presence or absence of some essential components ANC care at TBA and use their availability to measure the quality of care available at the TBA centers. Methods: This was a cross sectional questionnaire-based study conducted in 3 southern Nigerian states over a 6 months period. Data were collected from 450 TBAs using interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data analysis was done using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 20.0 software (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA). Frequency counts were generated for all variables and statistical test of significance was performed with chi-square test. Significance was fixed at P < 0.05 and highly significance if P < 0.01. Results: There was wide gap in the accessibility of pregnant women attending care at TBA to blood investigations. These gaps ranged from as high as 92% for Hepatitis B test, 87% for blood genotype, 80% for Packed Cell volume(PCV),74% for syphilis infection test(VDRL) to as low as 50% for HIV antibody blood rapid test and 30% for blood group investigation. Tetanus toxoid immunization service was also very low at 38% availability among the TBAs. The commonest service among the TBA was referral services, which was provided by about 94% of the TBAs.Other less common service were group health talks, monitoring of blood pressure, weight measurement , antimalarial prophylaxis and local concoction mixture. Recommendations: There is need to work with TBAs to plug the gaps in the quality of services they provide to their clients. Keywords: Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA), Antenatal care (ANC),Prevention of Mother to child transmission of HIV(PMTCT) Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-27 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071363 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1363 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1363 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081363.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:21-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olivier Clement Gatwaza Author-Name: Xin CAO Title: Deconstructivism: Richness or Chaos to Postmodern Architecture Abstract: In this paper, we examine the involvement of deconstructivism in the evolvement of postmodern architecture and ascertain its public acceptance dimensions as it progressively conquers postmodern architecture. To achieve this, we used internet search engines such as Google, Yahoo, Wikipedia and Web of Science, we also used knowledge repositories such as Google Scholar and the world’s largest travel site TripAdvisor to gather information and data about origin, evolution, characteristics and relationship between postmodernism and deconstructivism. We’ve based our judgment on concepts from famous architects, political leaders and public opinion to access the suitability of architectural style. The result of this research shows that postmodernism architecture buildings have an average 96.8% of visitor’s satisfaction ranking; while deconstructivism architecture buildings when taken alone, a decrease of 2% in visitor’s satisfaction ranking is perceived. In addition, strong comments against the upcoming architectural style confirm that deconstructivism still has ingredients to endorse in order to impose its trajectory towards the top of modern architecture. Being a piece of a globalized world, deconstructivism architecture in the most of the cases tends to disregard the history and culture of its location which compromise its innovative, complexity and ingenious character, bringing down its original taste. Keywords: Architectural style, building, Chaos, Postmodernism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071364 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1364 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1364 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe Author-Name: Faith O Ijeyan Author-Name: Morenike O. Adeoye-Isijola Title: GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial effects of methanol stem bark extract of Trilepisium madagascriense DC. Abstract: The therapeutic potentials of methanol stem bark extract of Trilepisium madagascriense was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to identify its bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical importance while the antimicrobial activities were assayed in vitro by agar well diffusion and macrobroth dilution techniques against different microbial isolates. The mass spectra of the identified compounds in the extract at different retention time showed the presence of ethyl iso-allocholate, (3β,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(10)-triene-3,24,25-triol, 2,6-Dimethoxyamphetamine, 4-Hexenoic acid, 4-methyl-6-(fluorodimethylsilyl)-6-trimethysily-, 2-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-Phenol, 2-methoxy-1,4-Benzenediol, 2,4-Dimethoxyphenol, Indole, Paromomycin, Hydroquinone and Tetrahydro-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl-2-Furanmethanamine amongst other bioactive compounds of therapeutic potentials. This extract showed antimicrobial activities. At the lowest concentration of 25 mg/ml, 100 µl of the extract produced inhibition zones ranging between 14 and 18 ± 1.0 mm and inhibition zones ranging between 18 and 28 ± 1.0 mm in all the isolates at the highest concentration of 100 mg/ml. While the bacterial MICs ranged between 1.25 and 5 mg/ml and the MBCs ranged between 2.5 and 10 mg/ml, the fungal MICs ranged between 0.098 and 12.5 mg/ml while the MFCs ranged between 0.781 and <25 mg/ml. With exception of MICindex of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 which was equal to 4, the MICindex of other isolates ranged between 1 and 2. Klesbiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 had the highest MICs of 1.25 mg/ml, followed by B. cereus ATCC 10702, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 19582, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Bacillus subtilis KZN with MICs of 2.5 mg/ml while Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus cloacae ATCC 13047, Enterococcus faecalis KZN, Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930, Klebsiella pneumoniae KpFa, Staphylococcus aureus SaFa, Escherichia coli EcFa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PmFa had the least MICs of 5.0 mg/ml. Enterococcus faecalis KZN, Bacillus subtilis KZN and Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 had the highest MBCs of 2.5 mg/ml. Although Candida albicans had MICs ranging between 0.098 mg/ml and Candida tropicalis had the least MICs of 12.5 mg/ml, the MFCs were 0.781 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. This study shows that the pharmacological effects of Trilepisium madagascriense depends on bioactive compounds identified while this plant is a source for isolating novel drugs having significant therapeutic potentials. Keywords: Antimicrobial, bioactive phytoconstituents, betulin, paromomycin, pharmacological effects Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-45 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071366 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1366 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1366 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:34-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Folashade Olatunbosun Oyedeji Author-Name: Omobolaji. C. Obaroakpo- Akemu Title: Simultaneous Determination of Hydroquinone, Kojic Acid and L-Ascorbic Acid in Some Cosmetic Emulsions Abstract: The presence of skin de-pigmenting agents in cosmetic products, have received considerable attention in Nigeria as a possible source of skin abuse. There has been a call by government for cosmetic products manufacturers to comply with regulatory limits of these additives in their products. This study contributes to the pool of data available on levels of skin de-pigmenting agents in cosmetic products. Fifty cosmetic emulsions for skin use were randomly purchased from some sales outlets in Ibadan, South West Nigeria with the aim of determining the level of hydroquinone, kojic acid and l-ascorbic acid in them. Manufacturer claims were determined by examining the cosmetic package labels. The three de-pigmenting additives were determined simultaneously and quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Results show that 96% of the emulsions were manufactured in four different continents namely Africa (42%), North America (32%), Europe (20%), Asia (2%) and undetermined origin (4%) by 28 different manufacturers. 36% of the manufacturers indicated % hydroquinone content to be 2% while no manufacturer indicated kojic and ascorbic acid content. 52% of the emulsions were creams, 44% lotions and 4% milks. 34% of the samples did not contain any of the three de-pigmenting agents, while 50% contained just hydroquinone, 2% kojic acid alone and 2% only ascorbic acid. Both hydroquinone and kojic acid were in 8% of the samples and only 4% contained the three additives. Levels of occurrence of the additives were 0.1 – 4.9% hydroquinone, 0.3 – 1.3% kojic acid and ascorbic 0.01 – 3.6%. The emulsions which contained hydroquinone were mostly from Africa (28%) followed by North America (22%) followed by Europe (8%), while only 2% from Asia and unidentified continent. Samples from Cote de Voire contained higher concentrations of hydroquinone which were greater than 3% in all cases except one. In conclusion, this study showed that hydroquinone is the major skin de-pigmenting agent in cosmetics in Nigeria the Nigerian Market. 22% of the manufacturers used hydroquinone at levels higher than the regulatory limit (2%). 64% of these manufacturers (55% Cote de Voire + 9% others) are from Africa. Only one manufacturer from Nigeria included hydroquinone at a level above regulatory limit. Keywords: Cosmetics, De-pigmenting agents, Hydroquinone, Kojic acid, L-ascorbic acid, Manufacturers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-52 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071367 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1367 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1367 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081367.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:46-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Egbung Godwin Eneji Author-Name: Atangwho Item Justin Author-Name: Anosike Chikaodili Title: Antioxidant Properties and Vitamin Profile of Hyptis verticillata Cultivated in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria Abstract: The present study investigated the antioxidant properties as well the vitamin composition of the leaves of Hyptis verticillata cultivated in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The antioxidant activity of H. verticillata leaves indicated high catalase concentration (0.04±0.01M) and low levels of reduced glutathione,superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde while the concentration of vitamins showed high concentration of vitamin C (2.63±0.12mg/100ml) with low concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin E (at 3.0 x 10-3 ±0.08mg/100ml and 0.05±8.1 x 10-4mg/100ml) respectively. We therefore, suggests that the consumption of leaves of H. verticillata in form of infusion could serve as a potential source of locally available antioxidants. Keywords: Antioxidants, Hyptis verticillata, vitamins and infusion Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-57 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071368 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1368 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1368 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081368.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:53-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Isaac Amechi Onyimba Author-Name: Janet Uchechukwu Itelima Author-Name: Mojisola Olubunmi Job Author-Name: Abigail Ify Ogbonna Author-Name: Comfort Ochoule Ode Title: Production of Sorghum Based Kunun Zaki Using Selected Starter Cultures Abstract: In view of the need for better hygiene in kununn-zaki production, this study investigated the use of selected starter cultures for production of kununn-zaki using sorghum grains. Lactobacillus fermentum (L1), Lactobacillus plantarum (L2), and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L3) were isolated from naturally fermented kununn-zaki and then used in four different combinations as starter cultures for the production of kununn-zaki. The starter cultures which included L1 + L2, L1 + L3, L2 + L3, and L1 + L2 + L3 were used to produce four different kununn-zaki (K1, K2, K3, and K4) respectively. A control (kununn-zaki produced by spontaneous fermentation) was also prepared. Titratable acidity (TA) and pH were determined every 2 hours during a 6-hour fermentation period. Crude protein contents of the kununn-zaki products were determined. The organoleptic qualities of the produced kununn-zaki were judged by a 7-man panel based on appearance, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability using a 5-point hedonic scale. As fermentation proceeded, there were decreases in pH values, with accompanying increases in TA for all the kununn-zaki samples. K1 and K3 had the highest score (4.57± 0.53) in overall acceptability, and thus the most preferred among the kununn-zaki products. K3 was found to have the highest crude protein content (1.45%) followed by K1 (1.38%.). It is concluded that carefully selected starter cultures could be used to produce kununn-zaki with improved protein content and acceptable organoleptic qualities under more hygienic conditions. Keywords: Fermentation, Lactic Acid Bacteria, Kununn-Zaki, Cereal Beverage, Sensory Quality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-63 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017071370 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1370 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1370 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091370.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:57-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nicole Favretto Baltazar Author-Name: Carolina Dario Fischer Author-Name: Stefanie Basilio Medeiros Author-Name: Paola Beatriz Souza Ferrés Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Moacir Fernandes de Godoy Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Association between Coronary Artery Disease and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients of a University Hospital Abstract: Background: Over the last decade, male sexual dysfunction has become a topic of great interest to clinicians, researchers and to public health managers. Many chronic coronary artery disease patients in Brazil suffer from erectile dysfunction (ED) and most do not feel comfortable about reporting their complaints. One of the main protection mechanisms against the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases is physical activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between coronary artery disease and the degree of ED in a university hospital, as well as its relationship with age and modifiable risk factors such as low levels of physical activity and smoking. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with coronary artery disease were evaluated at a university hospital in a cross-sectional observational study using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. Results: No association was found for the degree of ED with coronary artery disease, physical exercise or smoking. However, the results of this questionnaire showed that 79% these patients had some degree of ED. Conclusions: In this study, no association was found between patients with coronary artery disease and the degree of ED but, at a cut-off point of 21, the IIEF was very sensitive to indicate the presence of concomitant coronary artery disease. Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Erectile Dysfunction, Physical Activity, Smoking Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-44 Volume: 6 Issue: 07 Year: 2017 Month: July Number: V62017071371 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1371 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1371 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017071371.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:7:p:40-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nisha Dilip Sarvjit Gill Title: STS-51L: Reflecting Upon the Failed Engineering of the Challenger Disaster Abstract: The Challenger, a space shuttle capable of carrying people into space, returning them back to Earth safely, and doing the whole thing over again, was made to continue the exploration of the grand unknown. Having a total of nine missions completed, the shuttle was a pioneer of its kind, paving the way for future generations of shuttles to follow in its footsteps and learn from its mistakes. Like every space exploration vehicle, the Challenger had its peaks and its troughs, but it was ultimately a lack of misinformation that caused its and its crew’s tragic and heartbreaking end. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-61 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017071372 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1372 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1372 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081372.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:58-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azhar FJ Author-Name: Muslim AM Title: Experimental Keratitis by Acanthamoeba polyphaga Abstract: The current study reported the presence of a species of amoeba belonging to the genus Acanthamoeba is A. polyphaga recording for the first time in Iraq, this species classified depending on morphological features of cyst phase. 33 samples were isolated from environmental source, including rivers and soils in Basra province, 18 of these samples were positive for genus Acanthamoeba and 2 were positive to Acanthamoeba polyphaga. We used non nutrient agar to growth the amoeba and incubation in 37C. This study showed the ability of A. polyphaga to infected rats with keratitis through 14 days by applying 105 trophozoites for each rat. A. Polyphaga causing inflammation and severe necrosis in cornea stroma, spread amoeba has been noted in tissue section of rats eyes infected. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-66 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081376 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1376 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1376 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081376.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:62-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Henrique Maia Valerio Author-Name: Carlos Roberto Casela Title: Diversification of Host Plants as a Strategy in the Control of Plant Diseases Abstract: With the purpose of to avoid or to reduce some of those inherent problems to the agricultural systems based on monoculture, it should be introduced and handled the diversity in the best possible way. In a high level, the monoculture of species is difficult of being modified, at least in short space of time. At the level of the varieties of plants, the diversification is relatively easy of being handled, mainly in the mixture form of cultivars, varieties or hybrid (simple, double or triples) in the farmings. These mixtures can be produced in commercial scale, with excellent results in relation to most of the experimental scales, or for small producers at a low cost, seeking a good level of control of diseases and stability in the productivity. The composition of the mixtures can be modified transiently to delay or to reduce the selection of new races capable to overcome the resistances of more than one of the components of a mixture. The main disadvantage is that the quality of the mixtures cannot be acceptable for the final consumer of the product of these diversified farmings. However, mixtures of varieties, hybrid or of lineages, can significantly improve the control of some of the most common diseases disseminated by the air and for the water. For this reason, cultural practices more diversified are, consequently, recommended to complement the resistance of the hosts, in matter, in the Sorghum bicolor-Colletotrichum sublineolum pathosystem and to reduce the selection pressure in fields. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 67-77 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081377 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1377 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1377 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:67-77 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nigussie Gizachew Title: Major Reproductive Health and Productive Problems of Dairy Cattle in Selected Dairy Farms in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia Abstract: This study was conducted with the objectives of identifying major productive and reproductive problems of dairy cows in four farms in Bishoftu, Central Ethiopia. A total of 153 dairy cows were studied, out of which, 40.5% (n=62) were affected by at least one of productive and reproductive problems. Overall abortion, dystocia and retained foetal membrane were found with prevalence of 10.9%, 9.3%, and 48%, respectively. The prevalence of retained foetal membrane showed very highly significant difference among the farms studied (P<0.001) whereas the occurrence of abortion and dystocia showed no statistically significant association with farms (P>0.05). Milk yield per lactation ranges from 515 to 7210 litres at Almaz farm and at Genesis farms respectively. The difference in milk yield among the farms studied was very highly significant and the maximum yield at Almaz farm is lower than the minimum yield recorded at other farms. Similarly the mean number of service per conception, parity, mean number of calves per cow and the age of cows kept on the farms were found to vary significantly while the difference in calving interval was shown to be marginal (P=0.07). Linear regression analysis showed that only farms and retained foetal membrane are factors affecting milk yield. In general, there is great variation in reproductive and productive parameters among dairy cattle raised in different farms showing the need for further improvement. Keywords: Dairy cattle, Reproductive problems, Productive Parameters, Bishoftu, Ethiopia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-10 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V62017081381 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1381 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1381 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011381.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:6-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saber A. Sakr Author-Name: Ferial A. El-messady Title: Cyclophosphamide Induced Histologial and Immunohistochemical Alterations in Kidney of Albino Rats: The Ameliorative Effect of Fennel Oil Abstract: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent from the oxazaphosphorine group. It is used as an anticancer, anti-neoplastic agents and immunosuppressive agent widely used in chemotherapy. Fennel oil is traditionally used as a treatment for different diseases. The present work studied the effect of Fennel oil on CPA-induced nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Male albino rats were divided into 4 groups; gp1; control, gp2: Each rat was orally given Fennel oil (1 ml/kg body weight once a week for six weeks), gp3: animals were each orally treated with CPA at a dose of 15mg/kg body weight once a week for six weeks, gp4: CPA plus Fennel oil treated group. The obtained results showed that CPA induced histopathological alterations in the kidney including intertubular leucocytic infiltrations,congestion of blood vessels, degeneration of renal tubules and atrophy of glomeruli. Immunohistochemical observations revealed increase in expression of PCNA, caspase-3 and α -SMA. In addition, creatinine and urea levels increased in sera of treated rats. Treating rats with CPA and fennel oil caused an improvement in the histological structure of the kidney and decreased PCNA, caspase-3 and α-SMA. Moreover, creatinine and urea values were decreased. In conclusion, fennel oil showed ameliorative effect against nephrotoxicity of CPA due to its antioxidant activity. Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, Fennel Oil, Kidney, Histology, ,PCNA, α-SMA , Rats Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 78-87 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081383 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1383 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1383 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081383.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:78-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reyhan Akat Author-Name: Birgül Çakıroğlu Title: Gardens in the Traditional Houses – A Study on the Garden Elements in the Traditional Houses of Trabzon, Turkey Abstract: The purpose of this study is to seek answers, and find solutions, to the following questions: How should the house-garden relationship be reinforced for a healthy and harmonic life? Can some criteria be determined for the design of the gardens? How can outer spaces be created consciously? This study examined the traditional houses and their gardens in Trabzon, the main focus being more on the gardens. Some of the peculiar characteristics of the garden houses were emphasized. The house-garden types were grouped and were shown schematically. Each element (gates, fountains, wells + fountains, wells, fireplaces) in gardens was explained in terms of house-garden relationship. The types of garden houses have been also studied from the point of view of the plants. To this end, this study investigates the garden-house and garden designs in traditional Trabzon houses that have come down to our present day, and presents data for the new present-day garden-house and garden designs to be made. Keywords: Garden, Garden-House Typologies, Historical Houses, Gardens, Plants, Garden Elements (gates, fountains, wells, fireplaces), Green Areas, Traditional Housing, Cloister Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-13 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017081385 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1385 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1385 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101385.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:1-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Saratu Stephen Audu Author-Name: Benedict Lyambee Gav Title: Comparative Review of Crude Protein and Amino Acids of Leguminous Seeds Grown in Nigeria Abstract: Legumes are some of the low–priced sources of protein–rich foods that have been found important in alleviating protein malnutrition especially in developing countries. Amino acids are the basic structural building units of proteins. They form short polymer chains called peptides or polypeptides which in turn form structures called proteins. The most common methods of determining nitrogen in foods are Kjeldahl, Formol titration, Dye–binding, Lowry, Biuret and Spectroscopic methods while amino acid composition is usually determined using ion–exchange chromatography on hydrolyzed and derivatized protein in food material. Crude protein and amino acid composition of some Nigerian leguminous seeds were critically reviewed in this write up. The selected legumes are; Cajanus cajan, Glycine max, Vigna unguiculata, Arachis hypogea, Vigna subterranea, Kerstingiella geocarpa, Sphenostylis sternocarpa, Phaseolus coccineus, Phaseolus lunatus, Citrulus vulgaris and Phaseolus vulgaris. The review shows that the protein content of legumes varies between 11.6 – 52.6%. The most abundant amino acids are glutamic and aspartic acids. The total essential amino acids (TEAA) range between 41.28 – 68.85%, total non–essential amino acids (TNEAA) range between 31.50 – 58.72% and total acidic amino acids (TAAA) between 14.30 – 40.47% for all the legumes reviewed. Generally, leguminous seeds are good sources of most of the essential amino acids therefore they are highly suitable for the fortification of cereal products mostly used as weaning foods for children in most African countries. Keywords: Protein Content, Amino Acid Composition, Legumes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 88-97 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081390 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1390 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1390 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:88-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Applications of Polypyrrole/Polyester Textiles: A Review Abstract: The polypyrrole, in its intrinsically conducting form, can be used to prepare composites such as polypyrrole/polyester textiles by coating yarns or fabrics made of polyester. In this manner, we obtain textiles that can be involved in several applications, among which we find the use of textiles in electromagnetic shielding. However, several other uses of polypyrrole/polyester composites are possible, such as in biomedical applications. Here we propose a survey of the literature about these composites. Keywords: Textiles, Polypyrrole, Intrinsically Conducting Polymers, Electromagnetic shielding Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 98-107 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081391 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1391 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1391 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:98-107 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. Egesi Author-Name: J. I. Nwosu Title: Crushed Rocks and Dimension Stone: Exploration, Evaluation and Exploitation in parts of Igarra Area, Southwestern Nigeria Abstract: The study area (Igarra) has been variously studied and is still receiving attention from workers on basement geology. Some investors in the quarry industry still make error in the selection of site for development and production of crushed rocks and dimension stone. The Octopol quarry in Igarra area was abandoned largely due to scanty information on the mineralogy of the schist quarried to ascertain the quality of the rock. However, granites, granite gneisses, charnockites and marbles present in the area can be suitable for dimension stone production. The marble should not be cleaned with wet cloth as the water will react with the rock to form a weak acid which attacks the polished surface and decolourize it to a dull and uninteresting surface. There is need to involve geoscientists in dimension stone site selection and production to ensure that proper rock is chosen, and also for quality control as mining progress rock quality varies. Keywords: Crushed rocks/Dimension Stone, Site Selection, Quarry Industry, Igarra Area, Southwest Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017081398 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1398 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1398 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011398.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:10-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kifouli ADEOTI Author-Name: Gustave DJEDATIN Author-Name: Ebenezer EWEDJE Author-Name: Fatiou TOUKOUROU Author-Name: Farid BABA-MOUSSA Title: Diversity Status and Traditional Uses of Pearl Millet in Benin Northern Abstract: Millet is an important cereal crop in the northern Benin. However, the diversity level of cultivated varieties still remain unknown. In order to document the diversity of cultivated species, the vernacular names, the geographical distribution of cultivated varieties, the traditional cultural practices, the uses and the farmers’ preferences related to millet cultivation, 52 villages were randomly selected and surveyed throughout the northern part of Benin using the participatory research appraisal. A total of twenty two vernacular names were recorded. Results from our survey showed that farmers cultivated both earlier and later varieties. The level of diversity is very low and the number of varieties cultivated varied from one to a maximum of three. Farmers primarily cultivated millet to fill household needs. However, productivity and culinary qualities appeared to be the most preferences criteria which determined the choice of cultivated variety. Both men and women are involved in millet ‘cultivation. Men are mostly in charge of hard work and women are mainly involved in harvesting and post-harvest. With the nmber of vernacular names recorded it is clearly recommended to clarify the reel level of diversity of cultivated millet through agromrophological and genetic characterization. Keywords: Cereal, Pennisetum, On-Farm Diversity, Preferences Criteria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 108-115 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081399 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1399 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1399 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081399.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:108-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mushtaque Ali Jakhrani Author-Name: Farkhanda Zaman Dayo Author-Name: Muhammad Qasim Author-Name: Shahid Ali jakhrani Author-Name: Ashfaque Ahmed Jakhrani Title: Elemental Assessment in Economically Important Cirrhinus Mrigala and Labeo Rohita Fish Species Captured from Indus River at Guddu Barrage, Sindh, Pakistan Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the level of trace and toxic elements (Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Cr, Cd and Pb) in Rohu (labeo rohita) and Mrigala (cirrhinus mrigala) fish species of Indus River at the region of Guddu Barrage, Sindh, Pakistan. The fish samples were collected and processed in the Laboratories of Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Sindh, for elemental analysis in gill, muscle and liver of both fish species using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results revealed that the level of trace elements was observed within the allowable limit in both Ruho and Mrigala for Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Mn in the range of 8.90-6.00, 2.57-1.23, 1.17-0.25, 3.15-0.48, 0.79-0.32, 0.21-0.082, and 0.26-0.11μg.g-1 respectively. It was observed that toxic element chromium was found in gill, liver and muscle of both fish varieties at low level in the range of 1.17-0.25 μg.g-1. However, lead and cadmium were not found in both fish species. It was a good indication for consumer of these fishes of the study area. The observed concentration order of trace and toxic metals was noted as Fe > Cu >Cr >Ni >Zn >Co >Mn and Fe > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Mn > Co respectively, in homogenious and dried samples of labeo rohita whereas the order was found as Fe > Ni > Cu > Cr > Zn > Mn > Co and Fe > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Mn > Co correspondingly, in homogeneous and dried samples of cirrhinus mrigala fish samples correspondimgly. Difference in the order of elements in homogenous samples in comparison to dried samples was probably due to different digestion methods used in the study. It was concluded that concentration of trace elements was found within the RDA guideline as given by FAO/WHO in both fishes of Indus River at Guddu Barrage, District Kashmore, Sindh, Pakistan. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Fish moieties, Dried method, Homogenous method, Indus River Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 116-125 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081400 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1400 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1400 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081400.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:116-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reyhan Akat Author-Name: Birgül Çakıroğlu Title: Gestalt Theory and Gestalt Principles in Religious Structures Abstract: In this study, basic design concepts related to Gestalt principles were examined. In the first phase of the work, the principles that Gestalt theory developed in the field of visual perception are introduced and the basic design principles are explained by various abstract examples. In the second phase, gestalt principles have been tested with concrete examples of the various existing implementations. As a study area; In Turkey, various examples of religious architectural buildings were selected. These types of structures; Early and classical mosque, medrese and tomb examples. As a result of the analysis of the religious architecture samples taken into consideration; The types of structures are expressed in basic design principles, which are related to guttal theory. After all; The importance of implementing design concepts related to gestalt principles in the construction has been emphasized. Keywords: Gestalt Principles, Basic Design Concepts, Religious Structure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 126-139 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081402 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1402 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1402 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081402.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:126-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birgül Çakıroğlu Author-Name: Reyhan Akat Title: Cultural values in eastern anatolia and southeast Anatolia, Turkey Abstract: Anatolia is one of the rare places where the richness of many cultures, the civilizations that stretched back thousands of years, and the richest mosaic of the world of beliefs are at the same time. Eastern Anatolia and Southeastern Anatolia have been chosen as the study area in this study aimed at cultural values about preservation and survival of urban-cultural and natural heritage. Kars, Ağrı, Van, Batman, Adıyaman, Mardin and Urfa are exemplified and visual material and explanations that Anatolia is the preeminent, civilizations and religions are expressed. Keywords: Cultural heritage, Eastern Anatolia culture, Southeastern Anatolia culture Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 140-147 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081403 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1403 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1403 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081403.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:140-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ohia N.P. Author-Name: Anyadiegwu C.I.C. Author-Name: Muonagor C. M. Title: Economic Analysis of Utilising Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Vehicular Fuel in Nigeria Abstract: Economic analysis of the use of compressed natural gas (CNG) for powering automobiles was presented. The data for costs of constructing and running CNG-powered vehicles were obtained for the study. Economic analysis of running the CNG-powered vehicles was performed. The initial costs of project and operating costs amounted to N3.71million and N1.31million for CNG respectively. The net revenue for CNG is N2.55 million. Figures were used to determine the pay-out of the project which is 1.45 years. The Net Present Value (NPV) and other parameters that make up the project economics were estimated for CNG. The NPV for CNG at an expected rate of return of 10% is N15.7 million. The summary of the result of the calculations of all the parameters examined for CNG was also presented. From the whole analysis done it is easily seen that using CNG for powering vehicles is economically viable. Keywords: Compressed Natural Gas, Economic Analysis, NPV, Pay-Out, IRR, Automobiles Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-72 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017081405 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1405 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1405 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091405.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:64-72 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Birgül Çakıroğlu Author-Name: Reyhan Akat Title: James Stırlıng (1926-1992) and Works Abstract: One of the most successful architects of Brutalism in architecture, one of the most influential architects in the 20th century architecture of the United Kingdom with its own postmodernist understanding. In this study; James Stirling and his works are given based on the literature. The humanist, the reformist, and the social Utopian have shown an attitude. Stirling believed and strived to build a humanistic architecture, using mainly the elements and references that the people would understand and accept. When we look at the whole of architectural life, we can say that Stirling is not worried about creating a strong theory, and that he has transferred the orientations of world architecture to architecture practice with great intuition and courage. Keywords: James Stirling, James Stirling's architectural works, architectural works, Postmodernism, Brutalism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 148-164 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081407 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1407 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1407 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:148-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reyhan Akat Author-Name: Birgül Çakıroğlu Title: Examination and Survival of Cultural Values in the Historical Texture: Camerino City-Italy and Turkey Trabzon City-Turkey Abstract: In this study, Camerino city and Trabzon city were asked to answer these concepts, since the historical values, their meanings, their learning, and their cultural values must be determined and preserved in order to protect the environment. For this purpose, the interpretation of old-new reconstruction together with imitation and contrast approach has been examined for the problem of "harmony" and "integration" which is one of the biggest problems encountered in today's historical environments. The research area is limited to Italy Camerino city and Turkey Trabzon site. In the study, sampling methods were used in direct Camerino and Trabzon cities. In both fields of study, proposals have been made for the analysis and evaluation of physical items qualified as historical documents and to ensure cultural continuity by interpretation of data. Keywords: Historical environment, environmental design, re-evaluation, sustainability, culture, Camerino, Trabzon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 165-178 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081408 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1408 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1408 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081408.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:165-178 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olajumoke Omobola Lawal Author-Name: Ekpe Onot Obolo Author-Name: Stella Celestine Bassey Author-Name: Okey Ogbaka Obeten Title: Composition of Sugars in Honey Produced in the South-South and South-West Regions of Nigeria Abstract: Six samples of honey from two states in Nigeria, Cross River and Oyo were investigated. (Igoli in Ogoja, farm bred and wild species from Obudu, Agoi Ibami, Eruwa and Iseyin) were analysed for their sugar components, Hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), free acidity and electrical conductivity. Honey is composed of various sugars but the dominant sugars are two monosaccharide, fructose and glucose which are also reducing sugars. Honey is used for various purposes including medicinal, cosmetics, in the food industry, bakery and confectionary. The sugar contents were analysed using the HPLC with refractive Index (RI). The European Commission procedures were used to analyse HMF and electrical conductivity, while free acidity was analysed by AOAC methods (1999). The results of the analysis showed that although fructose and glucose were predominant in all the samples, only two samples, Igoli in Ogoja and Obudu farm bred met the Codex Alimentarius standard for fructose and glucose at 60g/100g. Fructose values (g/100g) reported for Igoli in Ogoja, Obudu farm, Agoi Ibami, Obudu wild, Eruwa and Iseyin were 34.92 ± 0.12, 36.45 ± 0.14, 30.50 ± 0.06, 28.45 ± 0.09, 33.40 ± 0.17, and 30.45 ± 0.09 respectively. Sucrose in all the honey samples met the Codex Alimentarius standard of < 5g/100g limit. Fructose/glucose ratio for all the samples was greater than 1 which indicated slower crystallization of all the honey samples. Values of free acidity ranged from 11.57 ± 0.07 to 18.60 ± 0.10meq/kg, which were lower than the 50meq/kg limit set by the Council of the European Union showing the absence of undesirable fermentation. HMF concentration in the samples all met the International optimum value of 40mg/kg reported by European Union and 80mg/kg for honey from the tropics. Electrical conductivity of the samples varied from 0.41 ± 0.01 to 0.63 ± 0.00mS/cm. The results showed that the honey samples sold locally in Nigeria meet the required international standards for honey. Keywords: Sugars, Hydroxymethyl Furfural, Free Acidity, Electrical Conductivity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 179-185 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081410 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1410 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1410 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081410.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:179-185 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kyung-Mi Jung Author-Name: San-Yeong Kim Author-Name: Eun-Chul Seo Author-Name: Hyung-Ill Lee Author-Name: Oh-Heun Kwon Author-Name: Hye-Ryun Kim Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Yong-Sung Park Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Influence of Peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) Fruit Addition on Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Beer Abstract: Many studies have been carried out to enhance the quality characteristics of beer, one of the most famous alcoholic beverages in the world. Objective of the present study was to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of beer after addition of peach fruits of two cultivars, Cheonhong and Kanoiwa Hakuto. Chemical characteristics such as pH, titratable acidity and alcohol concentration; color values; 1,1-diphenly-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities; total phenolic contents and sensory characteristics of different beer samples were evaluated. The pH value of the control sample (4.09) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the peach beer samples which ranged from 3.81 to 4.00. The alcohol concentration and DPPH radical scavenging potential of peach beer were not significantly (p>0.05) influenced by the addition of the fruits compared to the control sample (4.0%). The total phenolic content and overall acceptability of most of the beer samples were significantly (p<0.05) increased with the addition of the fruits. The results of the present study suggested that quality characteristics and total phenolic content of beer can be enhanced by addition of peach fruits. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Beer, Overall Acceptance, Peach Fruit Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 186-191 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081411 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1411 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1411 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:186-191 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kil-Su Jang Author-Name: Chan-Yong Kim Author-Name: Oh-Hun Kwon Author-Name: Jung-Bae Kwon Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Yong-Sung Park Author-Name: Hyeon-Min Do Author-Name: Hye-Ryun Kim Author-Name: Jin-Hwan Son Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Color Value, Free Amino Acid Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Seasoning Prepared with Hot Pepper Seeds Abstract: Spices and herbs also known as seasonings are increasingly cherished not only for their culinary properties but also for their potential health benefits. Objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of seasonings containing different concentrations of pepper seed powder. Addition of hot pepper seed powder to the seasonings enhanced the color values and antioxidant potentials. The antioxidant activity, as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), of seasonings increased by up to 13.42%. Total phenolics content was also increased by 75.43% with the addition of 15% pepper seed powder. Although some of the amino acid contents were found to be reduced while others were increased, results of this study suggest that addition of hot pepper seed powder to the seasonings could impart better physicochemical properties as well as enhance the antioxidant potential. Keywords: DPPH, Culinary, Physicochemical Property, Polyphenol, Spice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 192-197 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081412 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1412 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1412 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:192-197 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Charles C. Sholokwu Author-Name: Ndukauba Egesi Title: Structural and Petrologic Studies of Bumaji Area, Southeastern Nigeria Abstract: The study area is part of the Basement Complex of Southeastern Nigeria. The major rock units in the area comprises of intrusives (pegmatites, dolerites and charnockites), and the host metamorphic rocks are; quartzites, migmatites, schists, and biotite gneiss. Structural evidence shows that the rocks are deformed and were intruded by the magmatic rocks. The metamorphic rocks are strongly deformed in N-S to NE-SW direction. The charnockites is composed of quartz, 32%, plagioclase, 25%, K-feldspar, 20%, hornblende, 15% and other accessory minerals. The dolerite consists of olivine, 30%, biotite, 17% and hornblende, 16%. It shows ophitic texture. Schist and migmatite indicatess faults, fractures, mineral lineations and planar features. Variation in structural trend and mineralogical composition of the metamorphic rocks is due to the series of deformational activities; metamorphism and magmatism, which has affected the rocks during geologic time. The small scale geological structures which were used to interpret large scale structures, are of the size a field outcrop scale of 1cm to 10km of the district geological features. Keywords: Rocks, Deformation, Metamorphism, Intrusions, Structures, Basement SE, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-30 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017081416 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1416 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1416 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:21-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. A. Eirin Author-Name: Muro María Gabriela Author-Name: Arias Rubén Omar Author-Name: Heguy Bárbara Author-Name: Barouille Eliana Author-Name: Piro María Soledad Title: Veal Calves, an Alternative System to Increase the Profitability of Dairy Sectors. Feasibility Study Abstract: With the purpose of increasing the profitability of milk producers, a pilot study for the production system of veal dairy calves was conducted. This type of rearing is not practiced in our country at present. The study was carried out in the establishment of “cabaña Alicia” dairy farm, located in the district of Magdalena, province of Buenos Aires. 12 Argentinean Holando breed male non-castrated calves were employed for this study, and they were fed on a milk replacer-based liquid diet, to obtain a pale meat as the final product. This kind of meat is characteristic of Europe and also quite widespread throughout this continent. Fortnightly weighting was performed to control the daily body weight gain (DWG). Finally, the calves were slaughtered six months later, with an average DWG 0.73 kg/day, average BW 181 kg, and beef yield 57.6%; blood iron exams at the end of the cycle resulted in average 7.8 gr/dl, considered within the expected parameters to avoid the occurrence of anemia. Thus, we can conclude that this production proposal, compared to traditional artificial calf rearing, is a convenient opportunity to those producers who can enter the market of this kind of meat, or seek consumption sites in our country. Keywords: Veal Calves, Rearing, System, Dairy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 198-203 Volume: 6 Issue: 08 Year: 2017 Month: August Number: V62017081421 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1421 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1421 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017081421.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:8:p:198-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cícero José Luiz dos Ramos Almeida Author-Name: Sivoneide Maria da SILVA Author-Name: Thiago Henrique NAPOLEÃO Author-Name: Márcia Vanusa da SILVA Author-Name: Maria Betânia Melo de OLIVEIRA Title: Biofilm Formation in Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus: An Alternative for Survival in Impacted Environments Abstract: Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive and rod-shaped bacteria that may be facultative anaerobes and resistant to stress conditions in the environment. In view of the physiological diversity of the vegetative forms of this genus, the species are considered as ubiquitous microorganisms, being isolated from soil, freshwater and seawater, as well as food. In the present study, isolates of three species (B. cereus, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus), obtained from an impacted environment (Cavouco stream, Recife, Brazil), were investigated for the susceptibility/resistance profile toward antibiotics by antibiogram (disk diffusion), hydrophobicity by the hydrocarbon-binding method, and ability to form biofilm in different culture media by the crystal violet method. B. cereus was the species with the highest resistance (nine antimicrobials), followed by B. pumilus (two) and B. licheniformis (one). The isolates were biofilm formers, with higher formation in media supplemented with 1% glucose, and all were hydrophobic. This work is an indication that B. cereus, B. licheniformis and B. pumilus appear to possess distinct resistance mechanisms that are not directly related to biofilm formation ability. Further studies are needed to understand better the dynamics of survival of these species in impacted environments. Keywords: susceptibility, cellular hydrophobicity, Gram-positive Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 73-78 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091422 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1422 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1422 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091422.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:73-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morenike O. Adeoye-Isijola Author-Name: Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe Author-Name: Babasola A. Osopale Author-Name: Anthony Nwankwo Author-Name: Otunola Adedayo Title: Antibacterial Activities of Selected Samples of Honey in South-Western Nigeria against Bacteria in Wound Infections Abstract: The global challenges resulting from the emergence of numerous resistant pathogenic bacteria have led to a search for alternative therapy ethnomedically. As a result, honey is increasingly valued for its antibacterial activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of different honey samples was assessed in vitro using agar dilution at different concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 75% and 100% (v/v) dilution. The antibacterial activity was also determined by spectrophotometric assay at 620 nm. The result showed that KG honey sample inhibited the different bacterial isolates at a concentration of 5% and LB honey sample inhibited the isolates at 20% while other honey samples inhibited the bacterial isolates at concentrations ranging between 10% and 30% (v/v) dilution of each honey samples. Thus, the minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged between a concentration of 5% and 30% (v/v) dilution even though antibacterial activities concentration ranged from 5% - 100% (v/v). Ps. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 was considered the most susceptible of all the test isolates. The increases in the absorbances showed that the bacterial populations in each of the honey samples were reduced as the exposure time increases. The study shows that honey being sold in Nigeria may be used as a therapeutic agent to treat infections as they may be an excellent alternative to curtail the further spreading of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms in Nigeria. Keywords: Antibacterial, honey, multidrug resistance, wound infections Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 103-110 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091423 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1423 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1423 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:103-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pedro Paulo Polotto Author-Name: João Paulo Pretti Fantin Author-Name: Thiago Litaiff Padilha Author-Name: José Germano F. Arruda Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Author-Name: Marcio Gatti Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Ana Paula Bogdan Author-Name: Lilian Castiglioni Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Title: Computerized System for Online Control of Ureteral Catheters Hosted on Google Drive: An Alert Tool Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ureteral catheters are commonly used by different medical specialties more often in medical centers that have a considerable flow of patients making monitoring difficult. Furthermore, forgotten catheters can cause serious complications increasing hospital costs and the possibility of litigation. This study evaluated a Google Drive-hosted computer control system with color-coded warnings in an attempt to reduce the protracted use of ureteral catheters. METHODS: One month after implanting the program, 119 patients were enrolled in the double J ureteral catheter control system. RESULTS: After the implantation of the system, there was a 16.5% reduction in the length of use of ureteral catheters compared to one year earlier. Importantly, the percentage of patients using double J for six months or more decreased, thus the system has contributed significantly to reduce cases of forgotten catheters. The primary limitation was the relatively small number of patients who require prolonged use of ureteral catheters benefit from the use of this computerized warning system. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there was a reduction in the relative risk of forgotten catheters, a shorter mean time of catheter use and a decrease in the number of patients with excessively long catheter use. Keywords: Computational Control System, Google Drive, Ureteral catheter Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 79-81 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091427 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1427 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1427 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091427.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:79-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chen Zhi-qiang Author-Name: Li Na Author-Name: Wang Jun Title: Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine on the Expression of Iron Metabolism - Related Proteins in Primary Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Abstract: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells play an important role in the formation of myelin sheath and the protection of neurons. After the action of 6- hydroxy dopamine on primary oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, elevated iron regulatory proteins resulted in an increase in Transferrin Receptor-1 and a decrease in Ferroportin-1 in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.The extracellular iron entering cells is mediated by TfR1 endocytosis. As the expression of Transferrin Receptor-1 increases, the large number of extracellular iron moves into oligodendrocyte progenitors, but the expression of Ferroportin-1 was decreased, the intracellular iron turnover decreased, increase of iron content in the cell. 6-hydroxydopamine acts on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells leading to changes in intracellular iron metabolism, so that oligodendrocyte progenitor cells increased iron content. Keywords: 6-hydroxydopamine, Primary Oligodendrocyte Precursor, IRP1, FPN1, TfR1 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 82-84 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091429 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1429 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1429 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091429.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:82-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. W. Medugu Author-Name: M. Maina Author-Name: Y.B. Dibal Title: Particle Size Analysis of Soil Obtainable in Maiduguri, Nigeria Abstract: Soil is a substantial resource and displays adaptable physical, chemical, mineralogical, hydrological and geochemical properties. Particle size is a fundamental analysis procedure for soils, and pedological and paleopedological analysis. In view of this particle size distribution of soil samples were conducted and analysed for 10 locations in Maiduguri, Nigeria by sieving technique. Their sand, silt, and clay contents were determined. The distribution of particle size influences the moisture retention and transmission properties of soils. The overall result showed that the soil in Maiduguri is predominantly sand having low moisture retention and high permeability. This study at higher precision will be helpful for the textural management concerns all operations, practices and treatments used to protect soil and enhance its performance. Keywords: Particle size, Soil samples, Moisture retention, Textural management Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 85-93 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091430 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1430 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1430 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091430.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:85-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gustave DJEDATIN Author-Name: Kifouli ADEOTI Author-Name: Ebenezer EWEDJE Author-Name: Clement AGBANGLA Title: Does the Domestication of Yam Wild Type Dioscorea praehensilis and Dioscorea abyssinica has a Genetic Basis? Abstract: Guinea yam (Dioscorea cayenensis–D. rotundata complex) is prone to strong genetic erosion. The main causes are climate change, depletion of the soil, the evolution of cultural practices, etc. To combat this threat, several alternatives are possible including domestication process. Indeed, domestication is an ancestral knowledge which is the introduction of wild yams’ tubers to the field. The choice of genotypes to be domesticated is made on the basis of morphological criteria by farmers. To better understand this process and in order to know if it has a genetic basis, survey and sampling were done, in eleven forests and savannas, using a participatory approach strongly involved current and former yam domestication practicing. Based on farmers’ criterions, 140 tubers belonging to D. praehensilis and D. abyssinica were sampled including 53 domesticable D. abyssinica, 38 non domesticable D. abyssinica, 19 domesticable D. praehensilis and 18 non domesticable D. praehensilis and 12 controls (D. togoensis and D. bulbifera). The morphological characterization using the IPGRI descriptors displayed differentiation between domesticable and non-domesticable D. praehensilis with few misclassified samples while a continuum was observed between domesticable and non-domesticable D abyssinica. Nuclear microsatellites markers revealed a fine genetic structuring of these two wild species. Indeed, a clear separation of each of the two species D. abyssinica and D. praehensilis in domesticable and non-domesticable was detected. This supports the hypothesis of the existence of a strong genetic component in the ability to domesticate yams. These molecular data were congruent with the knowledge of farmers separating D. abyssinica and D. praehensilis into domesticable and non domesticable groups on the basis of morphological characters. Keywords: Dioscorea abyssinica, Dioscorea praehensilis, Domestication, Genetic Basis, Microsatellites Markers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-28 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017091431 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1431 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1431 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111431.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:18-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Hashim Ibrahim Title: Dietary Phospholipids and Phytostrerols: A Review on Some Nigerian Vegetable Oils Abstract: Dietary phospholipids and phytosterols have proven to be potential sources of bioactive lipids with widespread effects on pathways related to inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and high-density lipoprotein function. Due to their biological and physicochemical properties, they are important in human nutrition. The efficient separation and accurate quantification of phospholipids and phytosterols can be achieved with high-performance liquid chromatography–evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) and gas chromatography (GC) often combined with mass spectrometry respectively. The phospholipid and phytosterol compositions of some Nigerian vegetable oils were reviewed. From the literature, the phospholipid concentrations (mg/100) of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, lysophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidic acid are in the range of 2.60 – 1168.00, 1.13 – 558.00, 0.10 – 336.00, 0.72 – 596.00, 1.01 – 611.00 and 9.24 – 94.06, respectively. Total phospholipids range from 14.30 mg/100g in Ethiopian pepper to 2040.00 mg/100g in cooked groundnut. The values of cholesterol, choslestanol, ergosterol, campesterol, stigmesterol, 5 – avenasterol and sitosterol range between 1.6e-5 – 9.28, 4.80e-6 – 2.28, 4.59e-4 – 30.20, 9.39e-3 – 103.00, 1.24 – 45.60, 5.62e-3 – 53.50 and 17.21 – 351.00, respectively for the vegetable oils under review. Malaba spinach records the highest total phytosterols content (442.91 mg/100g), followed by big alligator pepper (369. 34 mg/100g) while Ethiopian pepper contains the least total phytosterols of 23.82 mg/100g. The results of this reviewed work indicate that Nigerian vegetable oils have potentials in finding application either in food industry as emulsifiers, emulsion stabilizers or industrial purposes such as biomedical applications, cosmetics and even drug delivery. Keywords: Phosphlipids, Phytosterols, Vegetables, Oils, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 94-102 Volume: 6 Issue: 09 Year: 2017 Month: September Number: V62017091436 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1436 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1436 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017091436.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:9:p:94-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bertram Onyebuchi Author-Name: Simon Peter Nwankwo Title: Responsiveness of Flexible Foreign Exchange Regime (FFER) to Economic Growth in Nigeria Abstract: This study focused on responsiveness of flexible foreign exchange regime to economic growth in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to; (1) investigate the relationship between flexible exchange regime and interest rate. (2) Determine whether flexible exchange regime responds positively to inflation rate (3) ascertain the level of association between flexible exchange regime and real exchange rate in Nigeria. The researchers adopted time series data from 1989 -2015 which were drawn from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin. The analysis of data was done using descriptive statistical and ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique. The result shows that there is significant and positive relationship between flexible exchange rate regime and interest rate. The study further reveals that there is a negative and significant relationship between flexible foreign exchange regime, Inflation rate and real exchange rate. The study therefore recommended that CBN and Government should ensure significant improvement in the allocation efficiency of foreign exchange market and enhance public confidence in the Nigerian Economy. Keywords: Flexible Foreign Exchange Regime, Inflation Rate, Interest Rate, Real Exchange Rate and OLS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-21 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101440 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1440 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1440 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101440.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:14-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jemilat Aliyu IBRAHIM Author-Name: Henry Omoregie EGHAREVBA Author-Name: Karniyus Shingu GAMANIEL Title: Chemical and Biological Screening Approaches to Phytopharmaceuticals Abstract: The global demand for phytopharmaceutical products is on the upward trend and will probably continue to rise in the next few decades. This demand is fuelled by the growing acceptability, availability and affordability and the growing scientific evidence of efficacy. However, while great progress is being made in research and development of these products in the developed world, very little progress has been made in research, development and documentation of possible leads/products in developing countries of Africa. The challenges range from dearth of capacity to develop implement appropriate research protocols and tools. This article is an attempt toward providing a guide to the chemical and biologiocal screening approaches in the research and development of phytopharmaceuticals. Approaches towards achieving quality products that meets basic regulatory requirements are discussed. Keywords: Chemical, Biological, Screening approaches, phytopharmaceuticals, Herbal products, Medicinal plants, Research and development, Quality parameters Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-31 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101443 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1443 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1443 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101443.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:22-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: George G. Wagah Author-Name: Mathenge Mwehe Author-Name: Nelson Obange Author-Name: Peris Teyie Author-Name: Maria Nystrom Title: Land Tenure Systems in Kisumu City; The Formal-Informal Dichotomy Abstract: In the process of urbanization, the peri-urban areas are often the front line of urban transformation and transition and therefore potential zones of conflicts over land tenure arrangements. This study sought to explore land tenure arrangements, administration and governance in the peri-urban zones of Kisumu city. The objective was to provide empirical evidence on the conflicts and emerging governance issues in Kisumu city. In this working paper, we recognize three main drivers as being particularly important for facilitating equitable land use and therefore good outcomes from urbanization in Kisumu; Sound land use planning, smoothly functioning land and housing markets and capable and responsive land market. The results, based on the insights gained through conversational interviews as well as desk-top reviews show that public land tenure, leaseholds, freeholds and community land tenure systems are the most widespread in the study area. Holding land under leasehold and freehold tenure appears to be more widespread within peri-urban fringe. Whereas elaborate town planning criteria should ideally direct resource allocation, the challenge for Kisumu like other developing towns and cities is that it has been developing against a backdrop of poor urban planning practice. Keywords: Land tenure, Tenure security, Land use, Informality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-42 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101450 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1450 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1450 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101450.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:32-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Heitor Zancheta de Andrade Author-Name: Caio Eduardo Gullo Author-Name: Moacir Fernandes de Godoy Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Association between Erectile Dysfunction and Obesity Abstract: There are several risk factors associated with erectile dysfunction (ED) and so it is important to identify them to improve the therapeutic approach. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and ED. In this prospective cross-sectional observational study, the IIEF questionnaire was used to evaluate erectile function. The total sample of 38 subjects was divided into two groups; 23 obese individuals (BMI ≥30) with a mean BMI of 46.07, and 15 non-obese subjects (BMI <30) with a mean BMI of 25.9. Some degree of ED was evidenced in 52.17% of the obese and in 6.6% of the non-obese subjects. Statistical significance was found between the two groups using logistic regression. Thus, obesity is a risk factor for ED. Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction, Risk Factors, Obesity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-45 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101451 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1451 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1451 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101451.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:43-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hind Leghlimi Author-Name: Ilhem Djezzar-Mihoubi Author-Name: Hayet Boukhalfa-Lezzar Author-Name: Scheherazad Dakhmouche Author-Name: Leila Bennamoun Author-Name: Zahia Meraihi Title: Improvement of Fungal Cellulase Production by Solid State Fermentation Abstract: Cellulase production studies have been carried out using the fungal strains Trichoderma longibrachiatum and Aspergillus terreus by using two different lignocellulosic materials for solid state fermentation (SSF). The effect of basic fermentation parameters (substrate, moisture content and the fermentation time) on enzyme production was studied. Maximum cellulase production (FPA and endoglucanase) of Trichoderma longibrachiatum were 33.83 U/gds and 167.4 U/gds, respectively, which represented a 1.75 fold improved activities than that of Aspergillus terreus (21.5 U/gds and 95.82 U/gds, respectively) using wheat bran as substrate. The optimal conditions for cellulase production with wheat bran were found to be: initial moisture content 70% and the optimal incubation time for production was three days. The endoglucanase of Trichoderma longibrachiatum was thermostable and showed a half-life of 1 hour at 70°C, while the filter paper activity (APF) lost its total activity after 1 hour at 70°C. Results indicate the scope for further optimization of the production conditions to obtain higher cellulase titres using the Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain under SSF. Keywords: Cellulase, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Aspergillus terreus, Solid state fermentation, Lignocellulosic material, Wheat bran Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-51 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101457 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1457 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1457 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:46-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adewole Ezekiel Author-Name: Ojo A Author-Name: Ogunmodede O.T Author-Name: Adewumi D.F Author-Name: Omoaghe A.O Author-Name: Jamshed I Title: Characterization and Evaluation of Vernonia amygdalina Extracts for its Antidiabetic Potentials Abstract: Background: There is increase in the demand for the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of various ailments such as cancer, hypertension and diabetes locally as a result of the inability of the synthesized drugs to completely eradicate the ailments and also with the attendant side effects attached to the use of drugs. Objective: The aim of this research work was to investigate the Aldose reductase, α-glucosidase, β -glucosidase and maltase glucoamylase inhibitory potential of the crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, and characterizing the extracts. Materials and method: The leaves of the plant was obtained, air dried and turned to powdered form using commercial grinding machine with dimension 34×38×75. The extracted crudes were subjected into in-vitro studies of the inhibitory potentials using recommended protocols. The IC50 values were calculated using Graph pad prism 5.0 software and the identified compounds were screened for drug properties using ONLINE OSIRIS server explorer. Results: The (IC50 0.6 ± 0.03 μg/mL) of the chloroform extract was better than the methanolic extract of IC50 (1.532±0.63μg/mL) and the results were better than the acarbose standard (IC50 234.6 + 2.01μM). The maltase glucoamylase inhibitory potentials of the chloroform and methanolic extracts in the range of IC50 1.112 ± 0.90 μg/mL and 1.315 ± 0.7 μg/mL. The β-glucosidase screening of the extracts results indicated that they do not have good selective inhibitor properties. IC50 of Aldose reductase (ALR2) of chloroform extract IC50 (1.339+0.264μg/mL) was better than that of methanolic extract of IC50 (1.437+0.6μg/mL) and these values were better when compared with the standard, sorbinil of IC50 (3.10 +0.20μM).The aldehyde reductase (ALR1) of methanolic extract IC50 (0.325+0.02μg/mL) was better than that of chloroform extract of IC50 (0.964+0.16μg/mL) and when compared with standard 10mM vaproic acid IC50 (57.4 +10μM).The GC-MS of the chloroform extract revealed compounds which were screened computationally to for various drug properties such as drug likeness, cLogS, cLogP, H-bond acceptor and H-bond Donor. Conclusion: The promising inhibitory potential of the plant extracts and characterization of the extract is an indication of the usefulness of the plant for the treatment of diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, drug properties, aldose reductase, α-glucosidase, maltase glucoamylase, β-glucosidase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-38 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017101462 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1462 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1462 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:31-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wisuthra Intongkaew Author-Name: Liu Junchang Title: Development of Economic Forest Plantation Management in Thailand Abstract: Economic Forest as a forest plantation in private land is the target area of the government forest policy to increase forest area. Such target not only increase forest area, but also timber consumption within the country and export. Consequently, the Royal Thai Government (RTG) by Royal Forest Department (RFD) have to encourage the private companies, individual farmers and other sectors participate in increasing economic forest plantation area. At the same time, the government sector, needs to develop the economic forest plantation management, namely; improve the law due to the problem of verifying the timber source as forest plantation or natural forest for confident of the rights and benefits of the forest plantation, support of economic forest plantation is still in operate concurrently with improve the process of regulations and technology for service to facilitate the several stakeholders according to levels of production, and the RFD have projects to promote an individual farmer to plant forest plantation by supporting subsidy and conditioned planting long rotation trees and planting short rotation trees which are worthwhile investment and give high benefit. Nevertheless, in terms of the government management had taken the growing timber demand into account by combining with sustainable management of natural forests and development of efficient production from forest plantations in order to increase forest area according to the National Forest Policy. Keywords: National Forest Policy, Economic Forest Plantation Management, Support and Promotion Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-62 Volume: 6 Issue: 10 Year: 2017 Month: October Number: V62017101463 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1463 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1463 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017101463.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:10:p:52-62 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kolawole Sunday Author-Name: Obueh Henrietta Author-Name: Moru Monday Title: Physicochemical and Mineral Compositions of Wastewater and Soils from Two Selected Abattoirs in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical and mineral compositions of abattoir wastewater and contaminated soils from two selected abattoirs in Warri, Delta State and therefore to assess the impact of abattoir activities on the surrounding soil environment. The pH values of the abattoir wastewater (8.2 ± 0.04 and 8.0 ± 0.14) and contaminated soil (7.28 ± 0.31 and 7.75 ± 0.21) were higher than the control at 6.4 ± 0.01 and 6.6 ± 0.01 (control water) and 5.4 ± 0.02 and 4.2 ± 0.01 (uncontaminated soil). The BOD and COD values for abattoir A wastewater (110 ± 2.82 mg/L and 2.64 ± 2.82 mg/L) and abattoir B (398.5 ± 2.10mg/L and 351 ± 1.41 mg/L) were higher than the WHO standard. All the minerals were below the WHO standard except iron with mean concentration of 0.73 ± 0.17 mg/L and 1.35 ± 0.61 mg/L for abattoir wastewater A and B respectively. The abattoir waste contaminated soils A and B had higher values compared with the controlled soils. The soils A and B had higher values compared with the control soils. The soils A and B have values for organic carbon (16381.25 ± 1.78 mg/L and 12863.1 ± 0.88 mg/L), sulphate (2166.8 ± 1.72 mg/L and 3700.5 ± 0.70 mg/L), chloride ( 4501 ± 1.41 mgL and 2101.5 ± 2.12 mg/L), iron (855.9 ± 0.34 mg/L and 1287.5 ± 2.12 mg/L), lead (27.94 ± 0.42 mg/L and 16.87 ± 0.50 mg/L), manganese (66.32 ± 2.22 mg/L and 44.17 ± 1.12 mg/L) and phosphorus (75.13 ± 1.24 mg/L and 79.01 ± 1.40 mg/L). The continuous discharge of the abattoir wastewater into the surrounding soils led to the pollution of the soil. Adequate treatment of the wastewater before discharge and proper waste disposal systems are necessary. Keywords: Wastewater, Abattoir, Soil, Physicochemical Mineral Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-33 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111465 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1465 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1465 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111465.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:29-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kawthar K. Hassan Title: ABO Blood Groups Compatibility and Incompatibility among Basrah Families Abstract: In the present study, 277 couples were randomly collected from Basra population who have at least two live births and below 60 years of age to study of ABO blood groups compatibility and incompatibility among Basra families. It has been shown that the incidence of compatible matings (51.625%) higher than incompatible matings (48.375%). The study has been revealed the spontaneous abortion and stillbirth were slightly higher in couples with incompatible (11.889%)(2.797%) as a compared with compatible couples (10.778%)(2.333). While the incidence of living births higher in compatible matings (86.889%) than incompatible matings (85.315%). study came to a conclusion that there is an increase in the number of spontaneous abortions and stillbirth among B wife and AB husband couples and followed by O wife and AB husband incompatible couples (35.294),(20.833%) respectively. Keywords: ABO Blood Group, Compatibility, Incompatibility, Spontaneous Abortions, Stillbirth Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-38 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111466 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1466 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1466 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111466.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:34-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathew K. Bolade Author-Name: Mohammed A. Usman Author-Name: Ufuosuo Da-Clarke Title: Proximate Composition, Colour Characteristics, Index of Oiliness and Estimated Glycemic Index of Deep-fried Bitter Yam (Dioscorea dumentorum) Chips Abstract: The study investigated the potential production of fried chips from bitter yam (Dioscorea dumentorum) as well as the evaluation of quality characteristics of the chips. Yellow and white bitter yam and sweet potato (control) obtained from a local yam farmer were respectively processed into fried chips while the chips were subsequently subjected to analysis. The results showed that the proximate composition of fried bitter yam ranged as follows: moisture content (5.32 – 6.04), fat (28.93 – 29.41), ash (1.66 – 1.82), fibre (4.45 – 7.38), protein (2.44 – 3.32) and carbohydrate (58.71 – 61.85 g/100g). The proximate composition of fried sweet potato chips was moisture content (4.64), fat (28.51), ash (2.91), fibre (6.01), protein (0.55) and carbohydrate (62.04 g/100g). Frying operation was found to cause decrease in the proximate values except fat value due to oil absorption. The browning indices of the fried chips from yellow and white bitter yam and sweet potato were 66.2, 50.8 and 52.8, respectively while the values for oiliness indices were 29.1, 21.6 and 36.1 cm2, respectively. The rate of in vitro starch digestibility of the fried chips revealed the following order: yellow bitter yam > white bitter yam > sweet potato. The hydrolysis indices were 72.5, 63.1 and 58.4% while their corresponding estimated glycemic indices (eGI) were 79.5, 74.4 and 71.8% respectively, all indicating high glycemic index values. The sensory quality rating of the fried products revealed that chips from sweet potato was rated the highest in terms of aroma, taste, colour and overall acceptability but not significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of yellow bitter yam. Therefore, the use of yellow bitter yam for commercial production of fried chips, as a way of utilization diversification and value addition, is recommended. Keywords: Bitter Yam, Fried Chips, Browning Index, Glycemic Index, Digestibility Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-47 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111468 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1468 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1468 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111468.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:39-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adejoke Victoria BAYOWA Author-Name: I. E. Agbozu Title: Seasonal Variation of PAHs in Marshy Soils from Warri City, Nigeria Abstract: Seasonal variation has been used to analyse the levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PAHs in marshy soils in Warri city, Niger Delta region in Southern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from four locations in Warri city- Ekpan, Ogunu, Ugboroke, and Okotie sawmill and labelled ST 1, ST 2, ST 3 and ST 4 respectively. Control samples were also collected at Agbarho, 20km away from Warri and labelled ST 5. The objective of this study is to compare marshy soil levels of PAHs in dry and rainy season and examine their variation base on the type of PAHs detected in relation to the characteristics of the different locations. The samples were collected from January to March for dry season and June to August for rainy/wet season. Levels of 16 USEPA priority PAHs were determined using GC-FID. Highest total concentration for individual PAHs in the soil samples was 1.069 mg/kg for benzo(a)pyrene in dry season ST4 (Okotie sawmill) sample. At the control station ST 5, sample with highest dry season concentration was 0.519 mg/kg of benzo(ghi)perylene. In the rainy season, PAHs were majorly below detection limit or found in minute quantity at the study location and control. ST4 had highest total PAHs concentration of 1.911 mg/kg in dry season. The station with the lowest concentration was ST1 with a value of 0.009 mg/kg in rainy season. The results of this analysis further revealed that total PAHs concentration in Warri city were higher than at the control station (Agbarho). Keywords: Benzo(a) Pyrene, Concentration, Dry Season, Niger Delta, Rainy Season Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-19 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V62017111469 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1469 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1469 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021469.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:11-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qianqian Li Author-Name: Li Guanghui Title: Application of Ultrasound in Prenatal Diagnosis of Birth Defects Abstract: At present, prenatal diagnosis is simple, effective, uninvasive and repeatable, so that it has been recognized as the preferred method for prenatal screening of fetal malformations. Antenatal ultrasound has been widely used in clinic, andhas made a great contribution to the screening of fetal malformations.In recent years, dueto the standardization of the ultrasound and the increasing of intrauterine diagnosis technology by ultrasound-doctors, the birth of fetuses with abnormalities of central nervous system is decreasing year by year,and also the detection rate of fetuses with cardiovascular defects become higher and higher.As the ultrasound is widely used in prenatal intrauterine diagnosis, the safety of ultrasonography is also widely concerned.In China,the standard operation of the safety threshold of ultrasonic inspection in prenatal screening and diagnostic ultrasonography has been started. Keywords: Prenatal Disgnosis, Supersonic Inspection, Fetal Malformations Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-52 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111478 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1478 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1478 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111478.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:48-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Selemun Hagos Author-Name: Desta Gebeya Author-Name: Abraha Teklay Title: Effects of Formalin Toxicity among Preclinical I Medical Students, Adigrat University, Ethiopia Abstract: Introduction: Formalin is a colorless gas with a pungent odor. Because of its germicidal efficacy it is widely used as a preservative for human cadaver in the anatomy laboratory. Acute exposure to formaldehyde results in irritation and burning of the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, upper respiratory tract, depression, headache, nausea, coughing, irritation and burns to the skin and eye. Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of formalin toxicity among preclinical-I medical students in Adigrat University, Northern Ethiopia. Methodology: The study was conducted in anatomy laboratory, Adigrat University, Northern Ethiopia, which is located 894 Km from the capital Addis Ababa. Cross sectional study design was utilized for this study. It was carried out on 96 preclinical-I medical students who were routinely exposed to formalin during cadaver dissection. Result: In this study highest investigation was responded as unpleasant smell which accounts for 84.4% students followed by tingling sensation of the nose that is 78.1%. Effect of formalin on burning /watering of eye 67.7% and tiredness/dizziness 65.6% were also higher. Moreover, the data was showed that the effects of formalin accounts 17.7%, 16.7% and 6.25%, for abdominal pain, vomiting and fainting episodes, respectively. Conclusion: Anatomists, technicians and medical students who get regularly exposure to formalin at the dissection hall are at risk of formalin toxicity. Exposure to formalin vapour causes eye, nose, throat, and skin problems to the medical students. Therefore, this study reveals that the concerned bodies should take care of the side effects of formalin exposure. Keywords: Formalin, Toxicity, Exposure, Preclinical, Dissection hall Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-42 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017111479 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1479 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1479 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011479.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:39-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ilaha Aliyeva Author-Name: Sevda Tahirli Title: Morphological-Anatomical Peculiarities of the Alhagi pseudalhagi L. Abstract: Morphological and anatomical descriptions of the Alhagi pseudalhagi L. have been given in the paper. Under the influence of environmental factors this plant acquired such structural features as the strong development of the central cylinder, strong omission, the presence of numerous and small conduction beams, thick cuticles, small and numerous stomata. These properties are typical for xerophytes. Keywords: Alhagi pseudalhagi L., xerophytes, xylem, phloem, lysogenic receptacles, parenchyma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-55 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111480 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1480 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1480 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111480.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:53-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Atim Iboyo Author-Name: Atim David Asitok Author-Name: Maurice George Ekpenyong Author-Name: Sylvester Peter Antai Title: Selection of Enterobacter cloacae Strain POPE6 for Fermentative Production of Extracellular Lipase on Palm Kernel Oil Processing Effluent Abstract: An Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated from palm oil processing effluent and demonstrated ability to elaborate extracellular lipase on Tween 80-minimal medium using the rapid plate assay of precipitate formation. Peak productivity of the enzyme in submerged culture occurred at 72 h with lipase concentration of 95 μg/mL. Enzyme activity, monitored using different carbon-chain lengths of p-nitrophenol (p-NP)-triacylglycerol substrates, revealed that stearate was the most suitable substrate for the lipase. Preliminary optimization of major medium variables revealed highest lipase concentration in palm kernel oil processing effluent (Carbon source; P = 2.22E-05; Time, P = 1.99E-25; P < 0.05). Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) emerged as best nitrogen source with Na2HPO4/KH2PO4 (2:1) selected as phosphate combination with best buffering capacity. A fermentation medium incorporating the selected carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources, and supplemented with 2% (v/v) inoculum volume containing 108 cells/mL led to the production of 147.59 μg/mL lipase within 72 h of incubation. The lipase was found to possess highest activity of 2.031 U/mL at 35°C, pH 7 within 10 min, with stearate as substrate. One unit of lipase activity was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release 1 mM of p-nitrophenol per min from p-NP-stearate under the assay conditions of pH 7 and temperature of 35°C. The bacterium is recommended for lipase production on palm oil processing effluent as an oily waste management option. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-17 Volume: 6 Issue: 11 Year: 2017 Month: November Number: V62017111482 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1482 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1482 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017111482.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:11:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kafilatou T. SOUBEROU Author-Name: Euloge OGOUWALE Author-Name: Euloge AGBOSSOU Author-Name: Toko Mouhamadou Inoussa Title: Dynamics of the Inland Valley Occupation in the Oti Watershed in Benin: Diagnosis and Prospective Analysis Abstract: The use of inland valley has highly increased in number and area over the last three decades because of their soils fertility and their hydromorphic character. The present research analyzes the dynamics of the occupation and use of inland valley in the south of the Oti watershed in Benin and their future by the years 2030 and 2050. It is based on a combinative approach which integrates spatial Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems and Land Use Change Model incorporated in Idrisi Selva software. Landsat TM images of 1988, ETM+ of 2000 and OLI TIRS of 2015 were used for land cover information extraction. The projections’ period was made based on the observed socioeconomic conditions in the study area. The 1988 to 2015 change detection indicates that plant formation (woodlands and savanna) characterized by the inventoried inland valley evolved toward the anthropogenic formations (mosaic of crops, fallows and bare soils). The annual rate of change is estimated at -0,83 %) for the first period and -1,6 % for the second period. The anthropogenic procedure was strongly observed from 1988 to 2015 with a global annual regression of 0,38 % which leads to an extension of the agricultural areas. Considering the three topographic sectors between the period of 1988 and 2015, about 22,01 % of the Atacora massif inland valley, 44,88 % of the wavy interfluves and 30,41 % of the low altitude sector are occupied by crops. This evolutionary trend of agricultural areas comes from the prominent role of the agriculture in the economy of the Oti watershed. By 2030 and 2050, we will probably witness a significant extension of agricultural areas which could respectively go from 105 461,63 hectare in 2015 to 115987 hectare in 2030 and 144182 hectare in 2050. Keywords: Oti Watershed, Inland Valley, Land Cover Dynamics, Regression Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-21 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017111484 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1484 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1484 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121484.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:8-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: SEM-EDX Analysis of the Dental Plaque of the Knight Bayard (1473?-1524) Permits to Study his Diet Habits and Dental Cares Abstract: We have studied by SEM-EDX analysis the dental plaque of one of Bayard’s molar (1473?-1524), a famous French knight who lived at the end of the Middle Age period. Scanning electron microscopic studies permit us to establish that he ate leeks, asparagus, dried green garden peas and sorrel ; the cereal was mainly stocks of rye flour ; the meat was chicken, and the fish as herring and tench. The sugar came from chestnut tree honey. His drinking water was infested by very numerous diatoms. The established Bayard dental cares consisted of the abrasion of dental plaque, mainly, with various sorts of pumice stones. Keywords: Bayard knight , dental plaque , SEM-EDX studies , diet and drink , dental cares Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-121 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017121485 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1485 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1485 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121485.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:48-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yingying Li Author-Name: Ling Li Author-Name: Yi WANG Author-Name: Kelong Wu Author-Name: Linlin WANG Author-Name: Yu WANG Author-Name: Bingyan LIU Author-Name: Xiangmin YU Title: Hepatocyte Growth Factor-induced Differentiation of BMSCs toward Hepatocyte-like Cells via the NF-κB and P38MAPK Signaling Pathway Abstract: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) have great potential ability of multi-directional differentiation and reproductive activity. Recent studys have demonstrated that BMSCs can be induced into hepatocyte-like cells. However, the molecular mechanism of hepatocellular differentiation remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the nexus between p38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in the process of the hepatocellular differentiation. We isolated BMSCs from femurs and tibias of rats. The third generation were divided into three main groups: induction group, inhibition group and negative control group. Hepatic differentiation was induced by 10% fetal bovine serum with hepatocyte growth factor(HGF). The inhibitors of p38 (SB203580) and NF-κB(BAY 11-7082) were added to the differentiation medium for inhibition of signaling molecular activities. Morphological characteristics and transferring function of the differentiated cells were examined by indocyanine green (ICG) uptake assay. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the protein expression position of NF-кB. And western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of several markers, including the specifc markers of hepatocytes(AAT), phosphorylated-p38(p-p38) and NF-кB. NF-кB were observed transferred into nuclear in the induction group. The respective inhibitors inhibited the expressions of NF-кB and p-p38 effectively. Compared to the induction group, expressions of specifc marker, AAT, were decreased visibly in the p38 and NF-κB inhibitor-treated groups. Notably, expression of NF-κB were significantly lowered in the p38 inhibitor-treated group. These data suggest both NF-κB pathway and p38MAPK pathway participate in the hepatocellular differentiation of BMSCs, p38MAPK can affect the regulation of NF-κB to this process of differentiation. Keywords: Bone marrow stem cells, Hepatocyte, Differentiation, Hepatocyte growth factor, Nuclear factor-kappa B, p38MAPK Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-29 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017121487 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1487 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1487 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121487.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:22-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianye Shao Author-Name: Lin Sun Author-Name: Bin Wang Author-Name: Wei Zhao Title: PKA-mediated Autophagy in Aspergillus fumigates Abstract: Autophagy is a ubiquitous, non-selective degradation process in eukaryotic cells that is conserved from yeast to man. Autophagy research has increased significantly in the last ten years, as autophagy has been connected with cancer, neurodegenerative disease and various human developmental processes. Autophagy also appears to play an important role in filamentous fungi, impacting growth, morphology and development. In this review, an autophagy model developed for the Aspergillus fumigatus is used as an intellectual framework to discuss autophagy in filamentous fungi. Studies imply that, similar to yeast, fungal autophagy is characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and controlled by the target of rapamycin (Tor) kinase. Autophagy is highly regulated and is under the control of a number of signaling pathways, including the Tor pathway, which coordinates cell growth with nutrient availability. The data shows that autophagy in A.fumigatus is also controlled by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway. Elevated levels of PKA activity inhibited autophagy and inactivation of the PKA pathway is sufficient to induce a robust autophagy response. In addition, fungal autophagy is apparently involved in protection against cell death and has significant effects on cellular growth and development. However, the only two putative autophagy proteins characterized in filamentous fungi are Atg1 and Atg8. Here we will discuss various strategies used to study and monitor fungal autophagy as well as the possible relationship between autophagy, physiology, and morphological development. Keywords: Aspergillus fumigates, Autophagy, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, Tor kinase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-36 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017121488 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1488 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1488 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121488.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:30-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seca Gandaseca Author-Name: Ahmad Hanafi Hamzah Author-Name: Ahmad Mustapha Muhamad Pazi Author-Name: Usama Mohd Alifa Title: Assessment of Nutrient Availability on Sediment Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak Abstract: Sediment has a potential in nutrient availability and plays an important for fertility rate at mangroves ecosystem. In mangrove ecosystem sediments were found abundantly in the river bank. Therefore, to prove this statement, macro and micro nutrients were taken on sediment of mangrove forest at Matang mangroves, Perak. The objectives of this study are to provide fundamental information on sediment nutrient availability at the Sungai Sepetang and to compare 3 different zones and 5 different depths. One transect line was established along the river and divided into three zones (Upstream, Middle stream, Downstream). About 75 of sediment samples were collected using peat auger in 5 different depths (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-50 cm,). A standard method was used in sediment preparation and laboratory analysis. The obtained data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Version 9.2 to find mean comparisons between the zones and depths. As a result of fundamental information on sediment physiochemical properties for pH level from (3.17-5.03) which are acidic and the electrical conductivity range from (14.34-23.87[mS/cm]). Whereas, for nutrient availability were showing significant difference with the highest amount of Magnesium 3.93a(±0.092) in middle stream. For available nutrient such as Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, and manganese were similar. Lastly, depth 1 (0-15 cm) was showing significant difference and recorded the higher amount of nutrient content of Magnesium 3.703a(±0.156) and Potassium 1.541b(±0.079). As a conclusion, sediment is one of the potential for nutrient availability, but more researches are needed to be done to prove that the nutrient availability percentages are encouraged by mangrove zones and depths. Keywords: Sediment, Factors, Nutrient Availability, Mangrove Forest and Perak Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-41 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017121491 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1491 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1491 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121491.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:37-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Naglaa A. El-Sherbiny Author-Name: Mohamed Masoud Author-Name: Asmaa Younis Title: Community based Survey of Typhoid Fever in Fayoum, Egypt. Awareness, Assessment and Food Handlers' Appraisal Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-50 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V62017121497 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1497 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1497 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011497.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:43-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: NIKIEMA Wendyam Fabrice Author-Name: KOÏTA Kadidia Author-Name: ZIDA Elisabeth Pawindé Author-Name: KABORE Koudougou Blaise Title: In vitro Management of Bipolaris oryzae the Causal Pathogen of Brown Spot of Rice by Plant Extracts Abstract: The antifungal potential of aqueous roots extracts of Securidaca longepedonculata and essential oil from leaves and flowering buds of Lippia multiflora against Bipolaris oryzae, causal agent of brown spot of rice was evaluated. Conidia of B. oryzae (Breda de Haan) Shoem, isolated on naturally infected leaves of the variety FKR19. The efficacy of the extracts to inhibit fungal growth was tested using well diffusion method onto PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) growth medium in Petri plates. Results were record from the 5rd day until complete growth in control plates. The fresh root extracts of Securidaca longepedonculata (10% and 15%) significantly reduced the radial growth of the fungus with 42.49% and 72.56% efficiencies rates respectively. On the other hand, the dried extracts of the roots of the same plant at 15% and 20% concentrations with an efficiency of 4.81% and 14.44% respectively did not significantly reduced the radial growth of B oryzae. Essential oil of Lippia multiflora at 0.01% concentration significantly reduced the growth of the fungus to 62.64%, and the concentration of 0.1% completely inhibited its growth with 100% efficiency. The present study reveals that there is an alternative to chemicals through the use of local plant extracts that have antifungal properties capable of protecting the rice plant against possible attack of Bipolaris oryzae. Keywords: Bipolaris oryzae, radial growth, antifungal potential, Lippia multiflora, Securidaca longepedonculata Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-47 Volume: 6 Issue: 12 Year: 2017 Month: December Number: V62017121503 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1503 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1503 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V62017121503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:6:y:2017:i:12:p:42-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emerson Abraham Jackson Author-Name: Edmond Tamuke Author-Name: Abdulai Sillah Title: Modelling Monthly Headline Consumer Price Index (HCPI) through Seasonal Box-Jenkins Methodology Abstract: In this empirical work, cognisance has been given to providing a review of literature on the seasonal Box-Jenkins modelling, particularly with reference to a univariate model. Seasonal pattern of Headline Consumer Price Index (HCPI) has been produced for Sierra Leone and with EVIEWS making use of best model selection of (6,0)(0,0). Data were seasonally adjusted with iteration and sufficient diagnostic test outcomes showing that forecast using Static method yielded best outcome, with Year-on-Year inflation over the three monthly period forecasted outcomes. The correlogram of the resultant series revealed very stable outcome of the results, while MAPE for the forecast evaluation revealing marginal error for the outcome, indicating that the model is quite adequate with the chosen methodology. Keywords: ARIMA Model, HCPI, Time Series, Sierra Leone Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-56 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011507 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1507 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1507 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011507.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:51-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shuai Zhang Author-Name: Zhe Sun Author-Name: Yuewen Qi Author-Name: Xiaolu Fang Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: Prognostic and Clinicopathological Value of SIRT1 Expression in Female Reproductive System Cancer Abstract: Objective: Numerous epidemiological studies have reported the association between silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1) and female reproductive system cancer, but the data of different reports remains controversial. To accurately evaluate the significance of SIRT1 expression in reproductive system cancer, a meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted. Methods: Relevant articles before August 2017 on SIRT1 and reproductive system cancer were searched via PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases(NCBI). The studies were chosen for the meta-analysis based on requisite criteria. The overall survival (OS) and clinical features including FIGO stage , lymph node metastasis (LNM) and tumor grade were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Odds ratios (OR) , hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to estimate the effect of specific associations. Results: A total of 14 eligible studies containing 1002 patients were enrolled, in which 47.9% of the patients overexpressed SIRT1. The results showed that SIRT1 overexpression significantly correlated with the risk of reproductive cancers (OR=3.92, 95% CI: 3.06–5.02, P<0.00001), histological grade (OR=2.47, 95% CI=1.19-5.13, p=0.02), LNM (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.85-5.70, P<0.0001), but no statistical significance was related to FIGO stage (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.00-3037, P=0.05) and overall survival (HR=1.32, 95% CI=1.00-1.75, P=0.05) of female reproductive system cancer. Conclusions: The overall data of the shown meta-analysis suggested that the expression of SIRT1 is correlated with cancer risk, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. However, the over-expression of SIRT1 have no statistical significance with FIGO stage and overall survival. Keywords: SIRT1, Reproductive System Cancer, Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis, Meta-Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-65 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011510 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1510 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1510 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011510.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:57-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikail A Author-Name: Karar M Author-Name: Tidjani A Author-Name: Brahim B.O. Author-Name: Laleye. P Author-Name: Mahonte S Title: Impact of Intensification of Agropastoral Activities on the Water Quality of Lake Fitri Abstract: This study was carried out from December 1st, 2015 to December 31, 2016 with the aim of evaluating the effects of agricultural and pastoral activities on water quality of lake Fitri and its impact on fish. For this, monthly measurements of physicochemical parameters were done in the North-eastern edges and at the center of the lake. Fitri. The principal activities in the neighborhoods of Lake Fitri are agriculture, animal breeding, fishing and plant exploitation. The exploitation of these resources, has increased in recent times due to an increase in population. The pressure exerted by this population, hinders the development of aquatic organisms.To batter evaluate this impact, fish were captured and their weight and size measured in situ alongside other Surveys. It was noted that, physicochemical parameters oscillate around the following values: pH between 7.46 and 8.86 C.U, temperature between 15 and 25oC, conductivity between 108.5 and 184,1 µS/cm, TDS between 0,165 mg/l and 0,278 mg/, dissolved oxygen between 9,9 and 51,8 mg/l, turbidity between 271 and 439 NTU and water transparency between 14 and 15 cm. These results are in accordance with the norms of UE, USA and JECFA FAO/OMS on water used in fish culture except for turbidity and water transparency. Based on other investigations done by various researchers, the results indicate the existence organic pollution from domestic waste and the proliferation of animal manure which can greatly influence water quality (use of pesticides). Keywords: Lake Fitri, Agricultural Activities, Water Quality, Pesticides, Physicochemical Parameters, Fish Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-73 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011511 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1511 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1511 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011511.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:66-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olaoluwa Oyedeji Author-Name: Opeyemi O. Ojekunle Title: Cellulase Production by Penicillium citrinum using Brewer’s Spent Grain and Pineapple Peels as Cheap, Alternate Substrates Abstract: Cellulases are major group of enzymes with wide-ranging industrial and biotechnological applications. The high cost of cellulase production is a major factor limiting its industrial applications in cellulose bioconversions, hence the need to develop low-cost production systems for this enzyme. Cellulose-rich plant biomass which may be agricultural or industrial in origin exists abundantly as organic wastes which are detrimental to the environment. This study evaluated cellulase production by Penicillium citrinum isolated from deteriorating orange fruits, using brewer’s spent grain and pineapple peels as cheap, alternate substrates. Cellulase titres 3.82 ± 0.136 U/mL and 1.405 ± 0.151 U/mL were produced by the fungus, using pineapple peels and brewer’s spent grain as substrates, respectively, under submerged fermentation. Maximum cellulase production by P. citrinum occurred with the use of pineapple peels as substrate, after 72 h fermentation period, with the use of pineapple peels at a concentration of 1.5%w/v and peptone as the best nitrogen source. The optima pH and temperature for the production of cellulase by the fungus was found to be 6.0 and 50 oC, respectively. Findings from this study indicated the potential use of pineapple peels as cheaper, alternative substrate for the production of cellulase thus mitigating its hazardous effect on the environment as pollutant. P. citrinum was able to grow and produce good levels of cellulase using solely pineapple peels as low-cost substrate, at high temperature of 50 oC, making this strain and this low-cost agro-industrial residue worthy of further investigation and potentially feasible for a wide range of biotechnological applications. Keywords: Cellulase, Cellulose, Penicillium citrinum, Agro-Industrial Wastes, Brewer’s Spent Grain, Pineapple Peels Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 74-83 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011513 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1513 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1513 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011513.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:74-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wenhua Zhu Author-Name: Mengyuan Wang Author-Name: Zhifei Wang Author-Name: Ming Hu Author-Name: Bin Wang Author-Name: Dongmeng Qian Title: Construction and Identification of Transgenic Mice Carrying Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 Gene Abstract: The infection of human cytomegalovirus causes several diseases of congenitally infected neonates and immunocompromised populations. The immediate–early 2 gene of human cytomegalovirus plays an essential role in viral replication and the pathogenic process. Due to the strict species-specific of HCMV infection, any animals besides human beings cannot be infected with HCMV. For this reason, few animal model which is used to explore the effect of the IE2 gene on the mRNA or protein level has been constructed to. In this study, the cDNA of IE2 mRNA (1,743 bp) was cloned into the mammalian expression vector pAV.Des1d then identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis. Next, the expressed vector was transferred into mouse fertilized eggs from C57BL/6 mice by pronuclear microinjection to obtain the first generation of transgenic mice. In the 59 F0 generation mice, there are only 3 offspring mice were identified as IE2 positive mice. Furthermore, the positive ratios detected by PCR from F0 to F3 were 53.8%, 43.1%, 62.1%, respectively. The expression of exogenous IE2 mRNA was detected in kidney, heart, muscle, brain, spleen, and adipose tissue of F1 transgenic mice. These results suggest that we have successfully constructed a stable transgenic mouse line that can be used as a tool to explore the specific effects of IE2 gene on the growth and development of animals as well as mechanisms of its influence. Keywords: Human Cytomegalovirus, Immediate Early 2 Gene, Transgenic Mice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 84-89 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011517 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1517 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1517 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011517.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:84-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Moker H. M. Author-Name: Muslim A. M. Title: Isolation of Balamuthia mandrillaris (Free Living Amoeba) from Shatt Al-Arab River in Basrah, South of Iraq Abstract: Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free living, opportunistic amoeba was first discovered in 1986 in a mandrill baboon at the Wild Animal Park in California suffered from a neurological disease, later it was associated with many human CNS fatal infection and skin infection all over the world, and it considered to be ubiquitous. We investigate the presence of B. mandrillaris in Shatt Al-Arab, the main river in Basrah south of Iraq, the amoeba was identified morphologically and genetically by PCR. Trophozoite and cyst were observed in culture, the trophozoite with finger like pseudopodia that subdivided into small arms. Rounded cyst of about 13-30 µm surrounded by outer thin wrinkled layer gave the shape of a rose flower. Our finding was the first in Iraq, Balamuthia mandrillaris represent a health hazard in such main river in Basrah. Keywords: Balamuthia mandrillaris, Opportunistic Amoeba, Shatt Al-Arab River, Basrah, Iraq Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 90-93 Volume: 7 Issue: 01 Year: 2018 Month: January Number: V72018011518 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1518 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1518 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018011518.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:1:p:90-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edet Okon Akpanyung Author-Name: Dennis Uju Nwaokonko Author-Name: Moses Bassey Ekong Author-Name: Mfon Monday Ekpo Title: Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract against Aluminium Induced Liver Damage in Male Albino Wistar Rats Abstract: Aluminium is a hepatotoxic element that is extensively used in the production of household cookware, storage utensils, water purification and in the preparation of some drugs. Conversely, the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera is hepatoprotective amongst other medicinal and nutritional benefits.The present study evaluated the protective effect of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera on Aluminium induced hepatotoxicity in male albino wistar rats. Eighteen (18) male albino wistar rats weighing between140 and 180 g were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. Group 1 served as control and was given normal rat chow and distilled water; Group 2 was administered 100 mg of Aluminium chloride per kg body weight whereas animals in Group 3 received 300 mg/kg body weight of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and 100 mg per kg body weight of Aluminium chloride by oral gavage. The rats were sacrificed after 28 days of treatment. Blood and liver samples were obtained and used for the analyses of some marker enzymes (ALP, AST, ALT); haematological indices; lipid profile and histopathological assessment using standard techniques. The results show that Aluminium chloride increased the activities of ALP, ALT and AST significantly (P<0.05). TC, TG and LDL also increased significantly whereas HDL showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The RBC count, Hb, PCV, lymphocytes and platelets decreased while WBC count and neutrophils increased significantly (P<0.05). Aluminium chloride caused alterations in the normal histology of the hepatocytes consistent with observed changes in enzyme activities. Administration of ethanol leaf extract of Moringa oleifera moderated the deleterious effects of Aluminium chloride. Keywords: Aluminium, Enzymes, Haematology, Histopathology, Lipid, Moringa Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-30 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011520 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1520 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1520 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021520.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:20-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sherifat Aboaba Author-Name: Gbenro F. Fasimoye Title: Volatile Constituents and Toxicity Profile of the Leaves, Stem Bark and Root Bark Essential Oils of Holarrhena Floribunda and Crescentia Cujete Abstract: Essential oils are highly concentrated substances extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruit rinds. The increased interest in creating a compendium of plant essential oils for the purpose of discovering drugs from natural source led to the characterization of the leaves, stem bark and root bark of Holarrhena floribunda and Crescentia cujete. The essential oils from the plants parts were extracted by means of hydrodistillation using an all glass Clevenger apparatus while the chemical constituents were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy technique. The toxicity of the essential oils was tested using Brine shrimps (Artemia salina). The GC-MS results identified 5, 8, and 7 components in H. floribunda (leaves, stem bark and stem bark respectively) while leaves, stem bark and root bark of C. cujete had 15, 11 and 10 constituents respectively. The compounds found in high quantity in the essential oils of H. floribunda are friedelan-3-one (22.85%), sesquirosefuran (31.93%), octadec-9-enoic acid (46.28%), and longifolene (59.77%) while the major components in the oils of C. cujete are cyclotetradecane (13.75%), diisooctylphthalate (33.96%), and phytol (46.33%). The LC50 value ranged from 10.85 to 288.76 (µg/mL) which was a pre-test for toxicity potential. The essential oils of C. cujete stem bark, C. cujete root bark and H. floribunda root bark were the most toxic with LC50 10.85, 16.54 and 36.33 µg/mL respectively. The level of toxicity of these essential oils is an indication of the pharmacological properties the plants may possess. Keywords: Essential oil, Crescentia cujete, Holarrhena floribunda, Longifolene, Toxicity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-35 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011529 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1529 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1529 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021529.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:31-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vincent Ishola Esan Author-Name: Taiwo Ayanniyin Ayanbamiji Author-Name: Janet Omoyemi Adeyemo Author-Name: Sunday Oluwafemi Title: Effect of Drought on Seed Germination and Early Seedling of Tomato Genotypes using Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Abstract: Tomato is a sensitive crop to a variety of environmental stresses, especially drought. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to screen for drought tolerance at seed and seedling (vegetative) levels for better understanding of drought mechanisms and identification and selection of the most tolerant tomato genotypes. Twenty four (24) tomato genotypes were screened for drought tolerance using 0%, 4% and 14% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000). The experiment was laid in complete randomized design with three replication and three treatments. The following parameters: germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot and root weight and recovery date were recorded in the course of the experiment. There was no significant difference in germination percentage between control and low PEG. However, significant differences were observed between control and low concentration of PEG when compared to high PEG concentration. Water stress created by PEG 6000 at high concentration (14%) significantly reduced all the parameters measured in all the genotypes. Overall, NGB01357, L00170 and NHGB/09/113 performed better under drought conditions and could be very vital in breeding program. Keywords: Tomato genotypes, solutions of PEG 6000, germination, water stress Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-43 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011533 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1533 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1533 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021533.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:36-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qianqian Li Author-Name: Bing Fan Author-Name: Meijian Wang Title: Investigation and Analysis of Diabetes Abstract: Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Qingdao, analyze the correlation between diabetes and smoking, and explore the advantages of application of fasting blood glucose (FPG) combined with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the detection of diabetes mellitus. Methods: 6011 citizens who were examined in Health management center of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao) in 2017 were selected as subjects for blood glucose examination. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in smokers was 13.3%, which was higher than non-smokers (8.8%). Screening of FPG combined with HbA1c increased the detection rate by 5.27% of diabetes compared with simple FPG screening. Conclusion: The incidence of diabetes is related to smoking. The screening of FPG combined with HbA1c prominently increased the detection rate compared with simply FPG for diabetes. Keywords: Diabetes, Fasting Blood Glucose, Glycosylated Hemoglobin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-45 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011537 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1537 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1537 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021537.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:44-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Clever Ketlogetswe Author-Name: Jerekias Gandure Author-Name: Mbako Jonas Title: On-road performance analysis of Tallow Biodiesel on a 2.8 Toyota Raider Hilux Abstract: Biodiesel has generated increased interest globally as an alternative to petroleum diesel. Biodiesel burns more completely than petroleum diesel due to its high oxygen content, producing lower emissions of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter. Biodiesel may however produce high or low nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions, depending on feedstock, engine type and test conditions. The current study therefore sought to analyse emissions from biodiesel blend of 10% (B10) synthesized from tallow, on an on-road setting using an emissions gas analyser on 2.8 Toyota Raider Hilux. The results showed significantly lower emissions of HC and CO with increase in speed, while NOx emission levels demonstrated a linear relationship with increase in vehicle speed. The trends are attributed to road landscape and surface conditions. The results from the current tests are specific to the 2.8 Toyota Raider Hilux tested, and cannot be generalized to other vehicles. Keywords: Tallow Biodiesel, On-Road Performance, Emissions, Road Landscape, Road Surface Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-51 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011541 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1541 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1541 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021541.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:46-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anthony Quansah Author-Name: Tresor Ntaryamira Author-Name: Jephil Rwemera Title: Sludge Wastewater Management by Conventional Treatment Process: Case Study - Bujumbura Municipal Sewage Abstract: In the period 1990-2012, the percentage for open defecation has dropped by 11% in sub-Saharan Africa which has resulted to substantial progress in access to improved sanitation facilities i.e. pit latrines, VIPs, septages and centralized sewage facilities since 1990 [figure 1]. This therefore put at ease the operations of many municipal’s water resource and waste management agencies. Recent investigation confirms that the number of people defecating in the open is currently increasing in 26 of 44 countries of sub-Saharan Africa and this unsustainable practice is predicted to persist as long as there are toilets that are dysfunctional or unhygienic (WRC, 2015) in Africa. Per review conducted, the unhygienic and dysfunctional conditions of public toilets facilities are results of poor sludge management operations of which inconsistent collection of faecal sludge from toilet sites is a major part. Reported cause of inconsistent emptying of faecal sludge at sanitation sites is due to higher cost of faecal sludge management(FSM) services within urban and peri-urban settlements. FSM services comprise of three stages i.e. collection, treatment & re-use, and disposal of which the treatment stage accrue the most cost of the services. Treatment cost depends on treatment techniques applied by sanitation inspectors/operators but there is currently no definite treatment method which is the most suitable as the physico-chemical properties and environmental compliance requirements for disposal of faecal sludge is highly variable and most solutions have not been demonstrated at scale. To be precise on the key scope of study, on-site sanitation & centralized facility faecal sludge treatment techniques and management practices are deemed the core basis of study hereafter. In this paper, anaerobic-aerobic phosphorous removal process (A/O) is selected as an efficient and cost-effective centralized facility sludge treatment technique and its applied to a case study in Bujumbura municipal of Burundi. Also a simple but effective on-site sanitation management plan which is feasible in Africa communities is discussed. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-65 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018011542 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1542 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1542 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021542.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:52-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zegang Ma Author-Name: Shang Liu Title: Mitochondrial Dysfunction Appears in the Hippocampal Neurons of 3-Month-Old Alpha-Synuclein Transgenic Mice Abstract: Alpha-synuclein A53T transgenic mouse (A53T) is an essential tool to investigate the onsets and the extents of Parkinson’s disease (PD) non-motor symptoms. Previous studies showed A53T mice exhibit a number of non-motor symptoms. However, the cause for these non-motor symptoms is still unknown. Our aim is to investigate the mitochondrial function in the hippocampal neurons of 3-month-old A53T mice. By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we showed that the reactive oxidative species (ROS) level significantly increased in the hippocampus of A53T mice compared with that of the littermate controls. The cytochrome C content in the hippocampus of the A53T mice also increased. In addition, the ATP content decreased in the hippocampus of the A53T mice compared with the control. These results indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction appears in the hippocampal neurons of A53T mice, which may contribute to the cognitive disturbence in the young A53T mice. Keywords: Parkinson's disease, A53T, Non-Motor Symptoms, Mitochondrial Dysfunction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-69 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018021545 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1545 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1545 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021545.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:66-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Philomena Edet Author-Name: Atim David Asitok Author-Name: Maurice George Ekpenyong Author-Name: Sylvester Peter Antai Title: Evaluation of the Effects of Nutritional and Environmental Parameters on Extracellular Protease Production by Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila Strain BPE4 Abstract: An aerobic mesophilic Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium isolated from fermenting bean processing effluent (BPE) and identified as Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain BPE4, produced an extracellular protease on skimmed-milk minimal medium. Time-course of enzyme production revealed peak productivity at 12 h but enzyme concentration gradually increased till 36 h beyond which both concentration and productivity gradually decreased. Evaluation of the influences of major nutritional sources on enzyme concentration revealed significant (P < 0.05) effects of fermentation time and nutrient sources, with corn steep liquor and NH4Cl emerging as best carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The study also selected K2HPO4/KH2PO4 (2:1) and 108 cfu/mL as most appropriate phosphate combination and inoculum size respectively for maximum release of protease within the fermentation time of 36 h. One unit of proteolytic activity was defined as the amount of crude enzyme that digested 1 mg of azocasein in one minute under the assay conditions. Assessment of optimum conditions of temperature and pH for test enzyme activity revealed optimum enzyme activity of 158.83 U/mL (2647.70 nkatal) at 40°C and pH 9.0 suggesting protease of the alkaline kind. The enzyme was specific for casein as a protein substrate. Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain BPE4 could be exploited for commercial production of extracellular protease on corn steep liquor as a waste management option and industrial applications. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila, Caseinolytic protease, Production, Corn steep liquor, Environmental factors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-81 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018021548 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1548 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1548 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021548.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:70-81 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Araoye O. I. Author-Name: Adewale O.S. Author-Name: Alese B.K. Author-Name: Akinyede O. R. Title: Developing a Secured Mobile-Agent-Based Electronic Commerce Using Crypto-Steganography Abstract: Mobile agent is gaining attention in the research community because of its potential to replace traditional client-Server application in computer network system. Mobile agent has the ability to migrate autonomously from one server to another server as specified in its itinerary in computer network. Areas where mobile agent profit includes network management, information retrieval and electronic commerce. Mobile agent can be delegated to carry out all stages that are involved in electronic commerce such as Product brokering, Merchant brokering, Negotiation and Purchase. However there are security vulnerability issues with mobile agent system such as the need to ensure confidentiality of information of the agent from malicious parties, integrity of the data of the agent and non-repudiation from parties involves in the transactions. Security measure by agent developers has been mobile cryptography. This research combines Elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and Steganography known as crypto-steganography to secure its agent. The agent was developed using PHP 5.0, Javascript, HTML, Wampserver and MySQL. The system was tested on a local area network with six computer systems, one of the computers represent client and the other five as servers. Performance evaluation was carried out to test for execution time and workload effect on the system. The result was compared with the existing secured agent-based electronic commerce systems in term of response time. The result shows that the proposed security is faster than RSA but a little slower than ECC only. A trade off was observed between a more secured system and response time of the system. Keywords: Mobile agent, Electronic Commerce, Crypto-Steganography, Security, Client-Server Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 82-88 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018021550 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1550 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1550 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021550.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:82-88 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: W. Braide Author-Name: L.C. Madu Author-Name: S.A. Adeleye Author-Name: M.C. Korie Author-Name: C.I. Akobondu Title: Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Clinical Samples Abstract: There has been an increasing attention globally over the rising treatment failures caused by Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing organisms when new generation antibiotics are used. This study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of ESBL producing Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and fifty clinical isolates comprising, E. coli (136) and P. aeruginosa (114) was used for the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. ESBL phenotypes were further determined by the double disc synergy test using Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriazone and Amoxicillin clavulanic acid. Out of the 250 isolates tested, 114 (45.6%) were positive for ESBL production comprising 66(26.4%) E. coli and 48(19.2%) P. aeruginosa. The antimicrobial sensitivity testing showed that the highest resistance of 100% was recorded with Cephalexine while the least of 0% was recorded with the aminoglycosides and quinolones, giving a clear indication that the aminoglycosides and quinolnes could be recommended for the treatment of ESBL infections caused by these organisms. The result of the present study showed that there is apparently high prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and P. aeruginosa in the Federal Medical Centre (FMC) Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Keywords: Escherichia coli, ESBL, Prevalence, Antimicrobial susceptibility Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 89-93 Volume: 7 Issue: 02 Year: 2018 Month: February Number: V72018021556 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1556 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1556 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018021556.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:2:p:89-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Takaaki Musha Author-Name: Mario J.Pinheiro Title: General Relativistic Gravity Machine using Electromagneto-Torsion Field Abstract: Some field propulsion systems are based on the solution of General Relativity Theory and are related to the connection between gravity and electromagnetic field. For example, Robert Forward proposed a gravity machine working according to the Einstein’s General Relativity Theory, which requires ultra dense matter with the density of a dwarf star to produce useful thrust, but the proposed theoretical scheme cannot be realized by conventional technologies. The authors propose several concepts of a gravity machine utilizing an intense electromagnetic field that produces sufficient thrust to propel the spaceship, in accordance with Einstein’s General Relativity Theory. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-23 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021562 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1562 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1562 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031562.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:15-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Titapa Tanchoun Title: Policy and Foreign Direct Investment : Case Study of Thailand’s Automotive Industry Abstract: Thailand’s automotive industry has derived over the past 50 years, perpetually supported by government investment, taxation, and the promotion of foreign direct investment. However, the economic crisis (Tom Yam Kung) caused the worst downturn in Thailand. After the crisis, Thailand set policies to strengthen the potential of the automotive industry and implemented measures to promote the manufacture and utilisation of domestic automotive parts, such as an increase in import tax on Complete Built-Up (CBU) and Complete Knock-Down (CKD) to support foreign investment in Thailand’s production base, such as exemption from corporate tax income and the import duty on machinery. Furthermore, the government determined an increasing requirement ratio for local content. Consequently, Thailand has the biggest production base in Southeast Asia; the first of its kind for pickup trucks in the world, and ranked twelfth for exports of automobile and automotive parts. Meanwhile, Thailand continues to develop its major goal to become a top ten exporter of the automotive industry in the world. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Industrial Policy, Thailand, Automotive Industry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021566 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1566 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1566 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031566.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanessa Oliveira Silva Author-Name: Michele Lima GREGORIO Author-Name: Daniel Fernando Villafanha Author-Name: Moacir Fernandes de Godoy Title: Effects of Intake of Processed Quinoa Seeds on Lipid Profile in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease Abstract: Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) is a gluten-free pseudocereal with high biological value protein, low glycemic carbohydrates, phytosterols and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. It originated in the Andean region and has been consumed for thousands of years. Our objective was to assess blood cholesterol levels in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in an outpatient clinic after the intake of processed quinoa seeds. Methods: This is a prospective study with twenty-seven patients, aged between 48 and 70 years (64.0 ± 8.4 yo), who were treated during 120 to 200 days. Blood samples were collected before and after the intake of quinoa seeds to determine the lipid profile of the group. Results: The results showed beneficial effects of the intake of quinoa with a significant reduction in total cholesterol (P=0.0008), triglycerides (P=0.001) and LDLc (P=0.008). Conclusions: The incorporation of quinoa in the eating routine can be considered beneficial in the prevention and control of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, considered the major causes of death worldwide. Keywords: Quinoa, Dyslipidemia, Coronary Heart Disease, Biochemical Markers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-14 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021572 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1572 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1572 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031572.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:8-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: TRAORE Lamine Author-Name: DICKO Mohamed Author-Name: KONE Mama Author-Name: DIONI Lassana Author-Name: DIAKITE Cheick Hamalla Title: Optimizing Inorganic Fertilizers Use for Sustainable Intensification of Rain-Fed Maize in Three Agro-Ecological Zones of Mali Abstract: Maize yields on farmers’ fields in Mali are usually less than 2 t/ha despite the availability of improved varieties that yield up to 8 t/ha under optimal management. The low yield is partly due to low soil fertility and lack of site-specific fertilizer recommendations. Studies were carried out in three different agro-ecological zones of Mali, namely the Manding Plateau, Koutiala Plateau and Upper Bani-Niger, to determine the response of maize to different combinations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers. The objective was to determine agronomicaly and economically optimum rates of NPK for use by the smallholder producers in different agro-ecological zones of Mali. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replicates. The treatments were18 fertilizers rates each subdivided into two subplots for a hybrid maize variety (Tieba) and an open pollinated variety (Sotubaka). A diagnostic treatment including Zn, Mg, and B was compared with the different levels of NPK to evaluate the effect of trace elements on maize yield and yield components. In terms of grain yields, the best was the diagnostic treatment across the three agro-ecological zones. Increasing application rates to 200 kg N/ha + 80 kg P/ha did not significantly increase grain yields over application of 120 kg N/ha + 30 kg P/ha. Agronomic use efficiency of N and the value cost ratios (VCR) were negative for all treatments at Kolombada, where rainfall received during the growing season was very low (567-674 mm) relative to its historic average of 800-1000 mm. The VCR was highest with 90 kg/ha N + 10 kg/ha P at Bougouni and with 30 kg/ha P at Samanko although VCR was less than the cut-off point of 2 in all cases. At Kolombada, fertilizer use was unprofitable regardless of the amount of nutrients applied. Keywords: Agronomic Efficiency, Economic Optimal Rates, Trace Elements, Value Cost Ration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-32 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018021574 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1574 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1574 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041574.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:20-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: XIAO Zi-yi Author-Name: HAN Lei Author-Name: HE Juan Author-Name: ZHAO Ting Author-Name: WU Ruo-nan Title: Effect of High Fructose Diet during Pregnancy on Progeny Metabolic Syndrome Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of high fructose diet during pregnancy on insulin resistance in the offspring. Methods: normal diet Wistar adult male rats and female rats were mated and pregnant rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, normal dose group, high dose of fructose fructose group, high dose group and high dose of sucrose fructose group were given daily during pregnancy, 2mL of distilled water, 2g/kg 18g/kg, 6g/kg, 18g/kg and the fructose solution of sucrose solution by gavage, continuous intervention until delivery, delivery of rats fed with basic diet, and the rats weighing body weight, fasting blood glucose. The OGTT test was conducted at the end of the eighth week. After the next day of fasting 12h, the rats were killed, anesthesia, blood extraction, liver HE staining, serum insulin level, and insulin resistance index were measured. Results: during continuous intervention, birth weight childbirth offspring rats; OGTT test: at 30min, high dose group, high dose of fructose fructose group and high dose glucose sucrose group were significantly higher than normal control group and normal group (P<0.05), fructose dose at 120min, high dose group, high dose of fructose fructose group and high dose glucose sucrose group were significantly higher than normal control group (P<0.05). The serum insulin and insulin resistance index of high dose fructose group, super high fructose group and super high sucrose group were significantly higher than those of normal control group and normal dose fructose group (P<0.05). The liver slices of high fructose group and super high fructose group showed fat accumulation. Conclusion: high fructose diet during pregnancy could increase the risk of progeny metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Fructose, Fetal, IR, Blood Glucose Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021579 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1579 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1579 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031579.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoqin Dou Author-Name: Bei Zhang Author-Name: Mengyan Wang Author-Name: Xiaolu Li Author-Name: Yanxin Zhang Author-Name: Ruowu Shen Title: The Significance of Notch Signaling Pathway in the Differentiation of Rat Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Into Schwann Cells Abstract: Objective: To investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway in the differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into Schwann cells (SCs). Methods: BMSCs were isolated from high glucose medium and cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and α-MEM medium. The resulting cells were treated with β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME), all-trans retinoic acid (RA), platelet-derived factor (PDGF-AA), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), Forskolin, Heregulin .After induction of differentiation,cells were divided into three groups: control group, all-induced group and blocker group. Notch pathway blocker DAPT was added in the blocker group upon induction. The expression of Jagg1 ligand, Hes1 target gene, Notch1, Dll1 receptor protein and signal protein (S100, p75, GFAP) were determined by quantitative RT-qPCR. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of MSCs .Results: Compared with the control group, the expression of SCs signal protein (S100, p75, GFAP) was significantly increased in the all-induced group and the blocker group. Compared with theall- induced group, the Jagg1 ligand , Hes1 target gene, Notch1, Dll1 receptor protein was significantly lower; compared with the all- induced of the group, the proliferation effect of the blocker group and the apoptosis rate was significantly lower than the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant, P <0.05) . Conclusion: Inhibition of Notch signaling pathway can enhance the differentiation of MSCs into SCs. The possible mechanism is that Notch signaling pathway may promote cell proliferation and promote early apoptosis of MSCs. Keywords: Notch Pathway ,SCs ,MSCs , Proliferation , Apoptosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-35 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021582 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1582 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1582 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031582.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:28-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Author-Name: Victor Ikechi Ihebom Title: The Use of Queuing Theory in the Management of Traffic Intensity Abstract: One of the major objectives of road transport policy is to minimize road congestion and road accidents in an area. An intense interruption of free movement on a road is known as traffic congestion. Traffic congestion is as a result of too many cars, buses, trucks in a road space at a particular time. It can occur almost on any road system. It is more dominant and severe around central business district, industrial areas and the like, during the morning and afternoon periods as a result of the influx of commuters and goods delivery around such areas. The impact of such traffic congestion includes delay in delivery of goods and services, excessive fuel consumption and pollution, frustration and inability to estimate travel time. Road transport which is popularly used as medium for mobility can be tiring, irritating and costly when congestion is encountered. This work contributes to the prediction of road traffic intensity of some areas in Lagos state, Nigeria by the application of queuing theory. The approach adopted in the paper describes traffic intensity as performance measure used in the prediction of the level of queue build-up at traffic light intersection in the selected area. The prediction may enhance proper traffic management devoid of undue delays. Keywords: Queuing Process, Traffic Intensity, Traffic Management Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-63 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021583 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1583 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1583 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031583.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:56-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhicheng Liu Author-Name: Zhiguo Liu Title: Association between Q115L of PINK1 Gene Polymorphism and Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: Many case–control studies have researched the associations between PINK1 Q115L polymorphisms and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the results exist controversies. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the possible association between the PINK1 Q115L gene polymorphisms and PD. Here we searched the Pubmed, CNKI, CBM and Web of Science databases up to 2015 to identify published related studies. The meta-analysis was then conducted to analysis the possible associations between the PINK1 Q115L polymorphisms and PD. A total of six studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association. Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated using the I2 and Egger's test was used to evaluate publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was also performed. After exclusion of articles deviating from HWE in controls. The meta-analysis also showed no significant association between the T allele and increased risk of PD in allele model (FEM: OR=0.790, 95% CI=0.568-1.098); dominant model (FEM: OR=1.344, 95% CI=0.952-1.897); heterozygote model (FEM: OR=0.736, 95% CI=0.519-1.043). In subgroup analysis, for Caucasian, there was no significantly association in all three models. Our suggested that the PINK1 Q115L polymorphism might not be associated with PD. Keywords: PINK1, Q115L, Parkinson’s Disease, Meta-Analysis, Mitochondria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-82 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021585 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1585 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1585 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031585.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:77-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Anselm Chukwumah Umunnakwe Author-Name: Gertrude Chinwendu Umunnakwe Author-Name: Magnus C. Unegbu Author-Name: Francisca Mbagwu Author-Name: Paul O. Nwakwuo Title: In-House Communication Patterns on Job Satisfaction of Library Staff: A Case Study of Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri Nigeria Abstract: The study focused on influence of in-house communication patterns on job satisfaction of library staff. The descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The study covered the entire population of 73 library staff. The questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. The finding shows that memo has no influence on job satisfaction of library staff. That newsletter and intercom have influence on job satisfaction of library staff. The study recommends that memo as an in-house communication pattern need to be reengineered for job satisfaction of library staff while further study is necessary to establish the reason/s behind low performance of memo as an in-house communication pattern. Keywords: Influence, Communication Patterns, Job Satisfaction, Library Staff, Nigeria Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018021586 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1586 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1586 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081586.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin Fang Author-Name: Chao Song Author-Name: YinLin Ge Author-Name: JinYu Zhang Title: Effects of Endogenous n-3PUFA on Body Weight, Autophagy and Inflammation in Mice Abstract: The fat-1 transgenic mice were used as models, to investigate the effects of n-3PUFAs on body weight, the expression of inflammation and autophagy in mice, and to explore its mechanism. The mice were divided into two groups: fat-1 transgenic mice and wild-type mice. The body weight and body length were measured and the index of body weight/body length was calculated regularly every week for 8 weeks. Cardiac blood was collected for determination of TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C and BG. Frozen sections of liver were stained by Oil Red O to observe the lipid droplets. The expression of autophagy proteins P62, LC3 and ATG7 in the hypothalamus were detected by western blot, and the relative quantitative analysis was performed. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, MCP-1, TLR-4 and adiponectin in epididymal adipose tissue. The body weight/body length of fat-1 transgenic mice was significantly lower than that of wild-type mice(P<0.05), the levels of TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C and BG in the serum of fat-1 transgenic mice were significantly lower than those in wild-type mice(P<0.05). Lipid droplets in the liver of fat-1 transgenic mice were significantly less. The expression of P62 in fat-1 transgenic mice was significantly down-regulated (P <0.05), while the expression of ATG7 was significantly increased (P <0.05), and the ratio of LC3 Ⅱ / Ⅰ was significantly increased(P<0.05). The results of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA relative expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, MCP-1 and TLR-4 in epididymal fat tissue of fat-1 transgenic mice was significantly decreased, and the expression of adiponectin was increased (P < 0.05). n-3PUFAs reduce the body weight to prevent obesity may by up-regulation of hypothalamic autophagy, and down-regulation of inflammation in peripheral fat. Keywords: Hypothalamus, n-3 PUFAs, Autophagy, Inflammation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-70 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021587 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1587 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1587 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031587.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:64-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leilei Liang Author-Name: Fuping Guan Author-Name: Yinlin Ge Title: PD-1 Antitumor Immunity against Murine H22 Hepatocarcinoma In vivo Abstract: Objective: To explore the role of PD-1 expression level on the growth of hepatocarcinoma line H22. Methods: Tumor-bearing mice model was established with H22 cells in ICR mice. The model mice were randomly divided into two groups, control group and PD-1 interference group (PD-1-siRNA). The control group was injected transfection reagent, wherase the PD-1-siRNA was given the transfection reagent with PD-1-siRNA. Observed the life condition and tumor growth of mice, measured and recorded the tumor volume. The mRNA expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, P53, caspase-3 and IL-6 in tumor tissue were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique. The expression of IFN-γ cytokines in spleen and tumor tissue was detected by ELISA. The ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein was detected by Western Blot to analyze the effect of PD-1-siRNA on tumor cell apoptosis. Results: Compared with control group, mice of PD-1-siRNA in better quality of life, survival time prolonged and the tumor volume of mouse was significantly reduced. The mRNA expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, P53 and caspase-3 were increased, others, IL-6 expression level was significantly decreased. The expression level of IFN-γ was up-regulated in spleen and tumor tissues. Western blot shown that the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 was significantly increased. Conclusion: Interfere of PD-1 expression can effectively inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma cell H22 in mice. Keywords: PD-1-siPD-1, PD-L1, Immunotherapy, H22 hepatoma cells, IFN-γ Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 71-76 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018021591 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1591 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1591 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031591.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:71-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abebe Sori Negewo Title: Evaluating the Role of Temperature on the Germination of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Abstract: The experiment was conducted in September 2016 at Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute genebank, germination laboratory, Ethiopia to investigate the effect of temperature on the three accessions of sesame indicum L. viz., 9015, 9026 and 241335 and (25oc, 30oc, 35oc, 40oc) were used as the constant temperature gradient. The experiment was comprised of two factors, accession and temperature. And it was designed in factorial CRD with four replications. Analysis of variance showed that the main effects and the interaction effect were highly significant (P<0.001) for standard germination percentage. The result showed that, the highest germination (94%) was recorded at a temperature of 35oc though it was at par with the germination percentage obtained at a temperature of 30oc. However, at 40oc germination percentage decreased (86%). Whereas the lowest germination percentage (53%) was recorded at room temperature (25oc).This means that, higher temperatures are more suitable for germination of sesame accessions. Among the three sesame accessions considered for the study, the highest and the lowest germination percentage was obtained by (9015) and the (241335) respectively. This indicated that there is variation among the sesame accession. Keywords: Accession, Sesamum indicum, Temperature, Germination Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 115-116 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031605 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1605 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1605 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041605.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:115-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iosif Fragkoulis Author-Name: Aimilia Michalou Title: Investigating Teachers' Perceptions on the Advisory Role of the Mentor in the Context of the Operation of the School Unit Abstract: Teachers have to deal with several obstacles and difficulties in their everyday practice. As research relieves and it is also shown from everyday educational practice, effective management of such issues for both teachers and the school system cannot be undertaken separately by each teacher. Support from a mentor, a teacher with professional experience and knowledge, as well as specific relational and communitive skills and abilities, are needed. In this paper the teachers’ perceptions on the advisory role of the mentor in the context of the school unit is investigated. In order to explore the perceptions of the teachers, empirical research was carried out using questionnaires and interviews with primary educators in the prefectures of Achaia and Heraklion, Crete. The results of the investigation show that effective exercise of the role of the mentor requires a variety of skills and competences such as readiness for assistance, availability of supply, open communication, empathy, active listening, conflict resolution, etc. The acquisition and development of these skills and competences can be achieved through continuous training and mentoring in the context of the implementation of training programs to support the work of the educators. Keywords: Mentoring, Mentor, Mentee, School Unit Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-90 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031608 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1608 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1608 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031608.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:83-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan-ting Liu Author-Name: Jing Yu Author-Name: Hong-wei Wang Author-Name: Xiao-ling Yu Title: Effect of Curcumin on Gastric Emptying Induced by L-arginine in Mice Abstract: Objective To investigate the mechanism of curcumin administration on gastric emptying induced by L-arginine in mice. Methods Kunming male mice were divided into control group, curcumin group, L-arginine group and curcumin L-arginine combination group.There were nine mice in each group. The curcumin group and curcumin L-arginine combination group were treated with curcumin solution once a day for 15 days. From the 11th day onwards, the L-arginine group and the curcumin L-arginine combination group were given intragastric administration of L-arginine once a day for 5 days. The other groups were given solvent solution as control. The gastric emptying rate, NO content and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in gastric tissue were measured after fasting for 24 hours. Results There was no significant difference between single curcumin group and the control group (P>0.05). But the gastric emptying rate in L-arginine group was significantly lower (P<0.01), the NO and the activity of NOS in stomach tissue was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in the control group. The gastric emptying rate in curcumin L-arginine combination group was significantly higher (P<0.01), the NO content and the activity of NOS in gastric tissue was significantly higher (P<0.01) than that in L-arginine group. Conclusion curcumin can inhibit the production of no by inhibiting the NOS activity of gastric tissue, and then improve the gastric emptying of mice. Keywords: Curcumin, L-arginine, Gastric Emptying Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 91-93 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031612 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1612 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1612 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:91-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoming Si Author-Name: Jingyu Jin Title: Roles of BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway in Anti-Depressant Effect of Vortioxetine Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of vortioxetine on BDNF/TrkB signal pathway. Methods Kunming mice were randomized into control group and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) group. After establishment of depressive models verified by sucrose preference test, the mice in CUMS group were divided into model group and vortioxetine group. The antidepressant effect of vortioxetine was analyzed by Y-maze test, forced swim test and open field test. The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and TrkB were evaluated with Western blotting. Results Vortioxetine significantly shortened the immobility time of the depressive mice in forced swim test without affecting the locomotor activity of the mice in open fields, suggesting the antidepressant effect of against depression in mice. Vortioxetine significantly improved the depression-like behavior. Vortioxetine significantly increased the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the mice (p < 0.01). Conclusion Vortioxetine improves the behaviors of mice with depression possibly by affecting the BDNF/TrkB signal pathway. Keywords: Vortioxetine, TrkB, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Depression Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-19 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031613 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1613 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1613 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041613.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:15-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulibaly Seydou Ouolouho Author-Name: Ouattara Abou Author-Name: Ouattara Karamoko Author-Name: Coulibaly Adama Title: Toxicity Studies of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Fermented Seeds of Parkia biglobosa (Mimosaceae) in Rats Abstract: Parkia biglobosa is a medicinal plant that is used in the traditional treatment of various pathologies. The fermented seeds of this plant « néré » are used commonly in the treatment of high blood pressure. In order to establish the safety of these, acute and subacute toxicity tests were performed. For this purpose, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in rats after repeated dosing of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the fermented seeds of P. biglobosa for 28 days. The resulting LD50 is greater than 5000 mg/kg bw and the extracts have no effect on most of the measured blood parameters. This study revealed that extracts of the fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa are non-toxic at all doses tested and have immunostimulant and analgesic activity. Keywords: Parkia biglobosa, Toxicity, Blood Parameters, High Blood Pressure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-45 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031614 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1614 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1614 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041614.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:40-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Na Li Author-Name: Mingchun Jiang Author-Name: Wenfang Chen Title: Flavonoids from Herba epimedii Protect against MPP+-induced Toxicity in MES23.5 Cells Abstract: Flavonoids, the active components of Herba epimedii (HEP), exerts many pharmacological effects, such as improvement of neurological function and sexual dysfunction, anti-osteoporosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China over the centuries. According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, icariin, epimedin B and baohuoside-1 are three major flavonoid compounds isolated from HEP. The present study aims to characterize the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoid fraction of HEP and its three major flavonoid compounds against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+)-induced neurotoxicity in MES23.5 cells. MTT assay showed that treatment with MPP+ significantly suppressed the cell viability. The effect could be respectively reversed by HEP, icariin, epimedin B and baohuoside-1 treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The present results provided the evidence that HEP and its main active compounds could protect against MPP+-induced neurotoxicity in dopaminergic MES23.5 cells. Keywords: Herba epimedii, Icariin, Epimedin B, baohuoside-1, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion, MES23.5 Cells Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031615 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1615 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1615 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuewen QI Author-Name: Shuai Zhang Author-Name: Zhe Sun Author-Name: Xiaolu Fang Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: Prognostic Value of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in Solid Malignancies: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: Numerous studies have reported the prognostic role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α（HIF-1α）and solid malignancies, but the data of different reports remains controversial. To accurately evaluate the prognostic value of HIF-1α expression in solid malignancies, a meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted. Relevant studies from 34 observational articles with 3828 patients were collected via PubMed, Embase. These studies were chosen for the meta-analysis based on requisite criteria and the quality was evaluated using the Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) were pooled from studies on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) to estimate the association. The pooled HRs (95% CIs) of HIF-1α for OS and DFS were 1.94 [1.74, 2.16] and 2.16 [1.71, 2.74], respectively. The overall data of the shown meta-analysis suggested that the high expression of HIF-1α is correlated with poor survival outcome in solid malignancies. Keywords: Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α, Prognostic, Solid Malignancies, Meta-Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 111-120 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031616 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1616 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1616 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031616.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:111-120 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Conghong Xu Author-Name: Yuanzhen Zhu Author-Name: Jingyi Liu Author-Name: Changhong Yu Author-Name: Huafeng Li Title: The Application of SNP Microarray Technique in Fetal Central Nervous System Abnormality Abstract: Objective: To explore the application significance of SNP microarray technique in fetal central nervous system deformity and the relationship between chromosome abnormality and fetal nervous system abnormality. Methods: Collection of 40 abnormal amniotic fluid and abortion casese of fetal nervous system abnormalities sereened by Ultrasonic testing and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were tested by SNP microarray technology, of the 40 samples, 32 samples of amniotic fluid were additionally analyzed with traditional karyotype. Results: The success rate of fetal nervous system anomaly detection was 100%. At the same time, in 32 cases of amniotic fluid analysis, 31 cases were successfully cultured, and the success rate was 96.9%. There were 7 cases of chromosome abnormality (17.5%), 2 cases with abnormal number(5%), 5 cases of structural abnormalities（12.5%）.32 samples of amniotic fluid were tested both by traditional karyotype analysis and SNP microarray technique, the traditional karyotype analysis only found 2 cases of numerical chromosomal abnormalities. SNP chromosome microarray technology also found 2 cases structura1 chromosomal abnormalities in the sample of lateral ventricle and hydrocephalus. Additonally detected out 3 cases of structura1 chromosomal abnormalities among 8 cases of abortion samples with fetal nervous system abnormality. Conclusion: SNP microarray can not only detect the numerical abnormalities of chromosome and large fragments of structural abnormalities, but also detect the microdeletion and microduplation of chromosomes, so as to help fully understanding the status of the chromosomal abnormalities of fetal nervous system abnormality, Particularly, gene copy number variation (CNV) is closely related to fetal central nervous system abnormality. Keywords: Fetal Central Nervous Malformation, SNP Microarray, Chromosome Number/Structure Abnormality, Gene Copy Number Variation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-105 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031617 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1617 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1617 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031617.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:102-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rongrong Zheng Author-Name: Shaofeng Wu Author-Name: Xiangfeng Jin Author-Name: Yuhong Liu Title: Effect of miR-27a-3p on Proliferation and Migration in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Abstract: Objective To investigate the expression of miR-27a-3p in tumor tissue of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and explore the effect of miRNA-27a-3p expression on invasion and migration of lung cancer cells. Methods The tumor tissues of 21 NSCLC patients and corresponding adjacent normal tissues were collected for this study and the differences of miR-27a-3p expression levels in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expression of miR-27a-3p in A549 cells was overexpressed and silenced by transfecting miR-27a-3p mimics and miR-27a-3p inhibitor. And the ability of proliferation and migration of A549 cells after transfecting were detected by MTT and cell scratch assaies. Results The expression levels of miR-27a-3p in tumor tissues of NSCLC patients were significantly higher than adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The proliferation and migration ability of A549 cells were enhanced significantly after overexpression of miR-27a-3p. The silencing of miR-27a-3p expression in A549 cells produces the opposite effect. Conclusion Compared with normal tissues, NSCLC tissues have high expression of miR-27a-3p. Overexpression of miR-27a-3p enhanced the proliferation and migration ability of lung cancer cells. Therefore, miR-27a-3p may be an important regulatory factor in the development of NSCLC. Keywords: Non-small-cell lung cancer, MiR-27a-3p, Cell proliferation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 94-101 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031618 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1618 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1618 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031618.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:94-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linlin Wang Author-Name: Ling Li Author-Name: Li Yingying Author-Name: Wang Yu Title: HCMV Infection Promotes the High Expression of BST-2 in Glioma Cells Abstract: To investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on proliferation and migration of glioma cells and the role of BST-2 in this process. U251 cells were infected by HCMV and the effect of HCMV infection on U251 migration were examined by wound healing assay. The effect of HCMV infection on the expression of BST-2 protein was detected by Western blot. The influence on cell proliferation and migration after down-regulation of BST-2 in HCMV infected U251 cells were detected by CCK-8, cell wound healing assay method. Results reveals that HCMV infection can promote the migration of U251 cells and increase the expression of BST-2. Silencing BST-2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration induced by HCMV infection. These results confirm that HCMV infection can promote the proliferation and migration of U251 glioma cells, and BST-2 participates in the proliferation and migration of malignant glioma cells caused by HCMV infection. Keywords: Glioma, BST-2, HCMV Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 106-110 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031620 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1620 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1620 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031620.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:106-110 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. T. Gubio Author-Name: L. O. Onundi Author-Name: Y. G. Balami Title: Assessment of the Properties of Rubberized Bama Gravel Concrete using Destructive Method Abstract: From the twentieth first century to date, the world has seen a rapid production of non-biodegradable materials like rubber with some having less than a decade expiry date such as vehicle tyres. This has generated enormous amount of solid waste which can be best managed by recycling methods; recycling in concrete is one possible means of achieving this goal since it’s the single most widely used material in the world. Although concrete compressive strength is reduced by addition of rubber depending on the percentage of rubber added and the average size of rubber used as aggregate. This study investigates Rubberized Bama Gravel concrete (RBGC) when three varied contents of rubber (10%, 20% and 30% by mass) were used to replace the mineral aggregate for both fine and coarse rubber aggregates respectively as compared to the controlled mix. A mix ratio of 1:1½:3 and 1:2:4, and water cement ratio of 0.5 and 0.6 were respectively used during the investigation. Tests carried out on Bama aggregate were specific gravity, aggregate impact and aggregate crushing; and on concrete are workability, density and destructive compressive strength. The study has shown that rubberized concrete is weak in compressive strength. But they have good water resistance with low absorption, low shrinkage and high impact resistance.The reduction in compressive strength of 10% fine rubber aggregate is about 10% which could be used as a structural member, while others (20%, 30% fine rubber aggregate and 10%, 20%, 30% chipped rubber aggregate) cannot be used as structural members as there is a significant decrease in compressive strength of concrete but rather as floors, kerbs, blocks and other non-structural. Keywords: Rubberized Concrete, Bama Gravel, Structural Member Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-39 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031624 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1624 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1624 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041624.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:33-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhiqiang Qin Author-Name: Xinjuan Yu Author-Name: Jinkun Wu Author-Name: Mei Lin Title: The Expression of Beclin-1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Non-Tumor Liver Tissue: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: Background Recently, Beclin-1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-tumor liver tissue have been investigated by several studies. However, the results are controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of Beclin-1 in the occurrence of HCC by comparing the difference of Beclin-1 expression between HCC and non-tumor liver tissue. Methods An electronic retrieve for relevant studies was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang and Chinese VIP databases updated to December 31, 2017. Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the eligible studies. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also carried out in this meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3 and STATA 12.0. Results Six high-quality studies with 357 HCC patients were eligible. There was no significant difference of Beclin-1 expression between HCC and non-tumor liver tissue (OR = 2.48, 95%CI = 0.64-9.58, P = 0.19). However, sensitivity analysis showed that Beclin-1 was lower in HCC than in non-tumor liver tissue after omitting Kang et al.’s study (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.75-9.81, P = 0.001), and heterogeneity was not evident (P = 0.14, I² = 43%). Subgroup analysis suggested that heterogeneity may stem from ethnicity. The funnel plot and Egger’s test (P = 0.900) demonstrated that no significant publication bias was present in this meta-analysis. Conclusion This meta-analysis indicated that there was no significant difference of Beclin-1 expression between HCC and non-tumor liver tissue. Keywords: Beclin-1, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), Non-Tumor Liver Tissue, Meta-Analysis, Autophagy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-14 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031625 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1625 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1625 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041625.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:8-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: LI Haohao Author-Name: Wang Cheng Author-Name: Leng Hui Author-Name: Xiang-rong Sun Author-Name: Xu Luo Title: Effects of Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus NPY5 Receptor Signaling Pathway on Feeding Regulation in Normal Rats and Obesity Rats Abstract: Objective: In this study, we mainly observed the expression of NPY5 receptor in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in normal rats and obesity rats, and the effect of the NPY5 receptor agonist [D-Trp34] NPY and NPY5 Receptor antagonist CGP-71683 on Food Intake in the normal and obesity rats . Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the expression of NPY5 receptor in ARC of normal rats and obesity rats. RT-PCR was used to observe the expression of NPY5 receptor mRNA in ARC of normal and obesity rats. The NPY5 receptor agonist [D-Trp34] NPY and NPY5 receptor antagonist CGP-71683 were injected into the ARC via intraventricular catheters to observe the food intake of rats. Results: The results of immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR experiments showed that the expression of NPY5 receptor was observed in the hypothalamus ARC, and the expression of NPY5 receptor in obesity rat was significantly higher than that in normal rats. Compared with the normal saline group, the food intake of the normal rats and obesity rats significantly increased during the 0-4h after the injection of NPY into the ARC. Similarly, the food intake of the normal rats and obesity rats significantly increased during the 0-4h after the injection of NPY5 receptor agonist [D-Trp34] NPY into the ARC. The NPY5 receptor antagonist CGP-71683 could block the NPY and NPY5 receptor agonist [D-Trp34] induced the feeding. After injection of NPY and NPY5 receptor agonist [D-Trp34] in the ARC of obesity rats, the food intake was significantly higher than in normal rats during 0-4 h. Conclusion: The NPY5 receptor in the hypothalamus ARC is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and may be related to the formation of obesity. Keywords: NPY, Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus, Obesity Rats Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 86-91 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031626 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1626 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1626 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041626.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:86-91 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wang Zhongxiang Author-Name: Wang Mi Author-Name: Wang Qian Author-Name: Sun Xiangrong Author-Name: Xu Luo Title: Study on the Effect of LHA on Feeding and its Mechanism Abstract: Objective: To study the effect of lateral hypothalamic area on feeding and its specific mechanism. Methods: Intraventricular catheterization was used in rats,GLP-1 receptor agonist Ex4 or GLP-1 receptor antagonist Ex9 were injected into the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) of rats, and the effects of food intake, water intake, body weight, kaolin intake and high-carbonhydrate diet were observed. Results: Immunohistochemical experiments showed the presence of GLP-1 receptor LHA in rats; When GLP-1 receptor was excited, the 1h and 24 h food intake of rats decreased, and the body weight decreased , and there was no significant change in the kaolin intake in rats; When GLP-1 receptor was blocked, there was no significant change in 24h food intake but weight gain in rats; When GLP-1 receptor was excited, high-carbonhydrate diet significantly reduced but there was no significant change in water intake; When GLP-1 receptor was blocked, high-carbonhydrate diet significantly increased but there was no significant change in water intake. Conclusion: GLP-1 receptor can be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, and the signal may be related to the hedonicproperties of food. Keywords: Food intake, GLP-1, LHA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-85 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031627 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1627 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1627 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041627.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:77-85 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yin Xue-ping Author-Name: Guo Fei-fei Author-Name: Sun Xiangrong Author-Name: Xu Luo Title: The Effects of Myo-inositol on Glucose Metabolic in Diabetes Rats Abstract: Objective: To observe the myo-inositol on normal and diabetic rats muscle and intestinal glucose uptake. Methods: The rat jejunum was placed in Kb with containing 2.5% -20% myo-inositol and the glucose concentration was detected at 0 and 2 h. The psoas muscle was placed in Kb containing 2.5% -20% myo-inositol Kb (with or without insulin) the glucose concentration was detected at 0 and 1 h. Rats were divided into blank control group, normal muscle myo-inositol group, blank control group of diabetic rats, myo-inositol group of diabetic rats and acarbose group of diabetic rats (DBA) The intestinal propulsion rate and intestinal absorption of glucose in each group were detected. Results: In vitro studies found that myo-inositol can dose-dependently stimulate the absorption of glucose in the jejunum and promote the uptake of glucose by the psoas muscle in a dose-dependent manner. Myo-inositol can delay gastric emptying in diabetic rats, inhibit intestinal absorption of glucose, reduce postprandial blood glucose in diabetic rats and promote the rate of intestinal propulsion in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Myo-inositol can inhibit the intestinal absorption of glucose in glucose rats and promote the glucose uptake in muscle of normal rats and diabetic rats. Keywords: Inositol, Diabetes, Glucose Metabolic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 71-76 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031628 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1628 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1628 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041628.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:71-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ying Zhao Author-Name: Wang Qian Author-Name: Wang Cheng Author-Name: Xu Luo Title: The Effect of Oxytocin on Food Intake in the Nucleus Accumbens Core Abstract: Objective: In this experiment, we mainly investigated whether oxytocin (OT) acts on the Nucleus Accumbens Core (NAc) to regulate the feeding behavior of rats. Methods: Immunohistochemical experiment was used to observe the expression of OT receptor in NAc; To observe the effect of direct injection of OT in NAc on hunger- and palatability-driven food intake; c-Fos expression can be used as a marker of neuronal activation. After the NAc injection ofOT, the expression of c-fos in the hypothalamus was observed. Results: Studies found that the NAc injection of OT significantly reduced fasting-induced food intake and reduced intake of maltose and dextrin in non-fasted rats. Administration of the OTR antagonist L-368899 within NAc completely blocked these effects induced by OT. The results showed that intra-NAc injection of OT significantly activated NAc, as well as the other two brain regions associated with feeding: hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus. Conclusion: Injection of OT within NAc significantly attenuated starvation and reward-induced feeding behavior. Keywords: Oxytocin, Arcuate nucleus, the Nucleus Accumbens Core, Food Intake Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-63 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031630 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1630 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1630 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041630.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:56-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xue Ruimei Author-Name: Wang Mi Author-Name: Leng Hui Author-Name: Sun Xiangrong Author-Name: Xu Luo Title: Regulation of Feeding and Mechanisms of Intracerebroventricular Injection of Nesfatin-1 in Obese Rats Abstract: Objective: Aim to discuss the effects of intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1 on the feeding of normal rats and obese rats to clarify the mechanism of feeding regulation. Methods: Using the BioDAQ feeding monitoring system to monitor 24h food intake, bout size, meal size, bout frequency, meal frequency, meal interval and meal duration of rats. Results: Intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1 reduced the amount of 24h food intake in normal rats, food intake at fifth hour significantly reduced; After intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1 in normal rats, meal size, meal duration and the percentage of time spent eating significantly reduced, meal interval and meal frequency did not change significantly, satiety ratio significantly increased; Intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1 reduced the amount of 20h food intake in obese rats, food intake at third hour significantly reduced; Intracerebroventricular injection of nesfatin-1 significantly reduced bout frequency, meal frequency and eating rate in obese rats, with a significant increase in meal interval and satiety ratio. Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 can inhibit the feeding of normal rats and obese rats. The normal rats showed increased satiation, the obese rats showed increased satiety, and the nesfatin-1 can regulate the feeding of normal rats and obese rats via different pathway. Keywords: Food intake, Nesfatin-1, Obesity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-70 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031631 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1631 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1631 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041631.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:64-70 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bhakta Raj Giri Author-Name: Xie Yi Author-Name: Pradeep Baral Author-Name: Ramesh Bikram Bogati Title: Significant Contribution of Community Forests to Users’ Household Income in Far-West Mid-Hill of Nepal Abstract: The study was carried out in three Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs) in Achham district of Nepal. This paper examines the benefits and costs incurred by three income class households (HHs) from Community Forest (CF) over a period of 10 years using semi-structured interviews with 212 randomly selected HHs and 3 sub-group discussions. The findings of the research reveal that the rich HHs derived the highest mean annual gross benefit (35.23%) followed by middle (32.47%) and poor (32.30%) income class HHs respectively. Likewise, rich HHs incurred the highest mean annual gross cost (49.82%) followed by middle (30.47%) and poor (19.71%) income class HHs respectively. Overall, benefits gained by the HHs was 17 times the cost incurred. While benefits from forest products constituted the highest share (97.26%) of benefits, conversely, forest product collection costs constituted the highest share (53.33%) of costs . The results of the research also suggest that rich HHs received the highest Net Present Value (US$ 2537.80) followed by poor (US$ 2504.11) and middle (US$ 2463.89) income class HHs over 10 years at 10% discount rate. The Benefit Cost Ratio for poor, middle and rich income class HHs was found to be 25.52, 16.32 and 11.14 respectively. Household level income from CF is significantly influenced by many bio-physical, economic and demographic variables. The analytical results suggested that education of HH head, distance to CF boundary from user’s home, age of HH head, and HH economic status were statistically significant and showed the negative linear relationship wth HH income from CF. On other hand, livestock unit and HH labor force were statistically significant as expected a priori and showed linear relationship with HH income from CF. Based on these findings, appropriate cost-benefit sharing mechanism were suggested with regular silvicultural operations to empower poor households in CF activities. Keywords: Community Forest, Benefit, Cost, Benefit-Cost Ratio, Household Level, Wealth class, CF management, Mid-hill, Determinant of CF income Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-55 Volume: 7 Issue: 03 Year: 2018 Month: March Number: V72018031632 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1632 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1632 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018031632.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:3:p:36-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meemana Jiraya Title: Community Involvement and Ecotourism in Doi Inthanon National Park, Thailand Abstract: Ecotourism has been identified as one of the tourism’s subsector that is fastest growing globally. Ecotourism offers opportunity to the local people in learning and using the area as attractions for the tourists. It’s not only sustain the conservation of the environment, but also improve the welfare of local people, especially people staying within the area. The direct involvement of local community in management of resources area will encourage them to appreciate the value of the resources and fight against any form of misuse or encroachment, as they have the sense of the belonging and responsibility to the area. Thailand is one of rich flora, fauna and cultural diversity country and becoming one of the popular ecotourism destination. According to the definition by the National Parks Act, Thailand has 154 national parks covering an area of 6.24 million hectares, includes both terrestrial and marine parks such as the highest land of Thailand “Doi Inthanon National Park”. This paper highlights the involvement of local community in Doi Inthanon National Park, where there are 9,792 residents living within the national park. Currently, there are four villages has been involved directly in the ecotourism activities of the Doi Inthanon National Park. However, there are no coordination among the groups that involved in the ecotourism activities, which may lead to unsustainable and confuse among the tourist. Realizing that problem, this paper recommends that relevant authorities to coordinate and help local community by providing guidance and capacity building. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-55 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018031634 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1634 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1634 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041634.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:46-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. B. Ashishie Author-Name: Bassey E. Inah Author-Name: Ayi A. Ayi Title: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Ionic Liquid-Assisted Synthesis of Monometallic Silver and Bimetallic Copper-silver Nanoparticles Abstract: The formation of monometallic silver and bimetallic copper-silver nanoparticles in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ionic liquid, through chemical reduction is reported. The synthesized particles were characterized using SEM/EDX, UV-vis, and FTIR spectroscopy. UV-vis and FTIR revealed the formation of nanoparticles with active components being adsorbed on the surface of the particles, as stabilizers. SEM revealed uniformed microspheres and microcubes for AgNPs and AgCuNPs, respectively. On the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of AgNPs and AgCuNPs against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebseilla pneumonia (bacteria) and Candidaalbicans (fungus), we observed that AgNPs inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa (23 mm) and Candida albicans (29 mm) higher than the bimetallic particles and the antibiotics used as control. It is interesting to note that AgCuNPs inhibited Staphylococcus aureus (21 mm) better than AgNPs (15 mm) indicative of the synergistic effect of two metals. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-31 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018031637 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1637 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1637 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051637.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:25-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. F. Olukunle Author-Name: A. I. Sanusi Author-Name: Eboma Author-Name: Jelilat Title: Microbial and Physicochemical Properties of Fermented African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Effluent and its Biocidal Potential on some Selected Insects Abstract: The study was carried out to determine the microbial and physicochemical identify the bacteria and fungi associated with the fermentation of African Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) “Iru” effluent and to assess the biocidal effect of fermented Parkia biglobosa effluent on some selected insects (mosquito, bean and rice weevils). The physicochemical properties of the fermented locust bean effluents were assessed. The results obtained on the effluent physicochemical parameters showed that there were differences between the control effluent and the fermented African locust bean effluent from the laboratory. Specifically, total hardness (614.00 – 194.00 mg/l), total dissolved solids (102.15 – 108.53 mg/l), total solids (125.30 - 131.50mg/l), the total alkalinity (762.50 – 688.75 mg/l) and the total acidity (as CaCO3) (206.70 – 263.40 mg/l). The minerals of the two effluents showed sharp differences in the sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium composition. Control effluent was higher than the test effluent in sodium (1578.19 mg/l), potassium (4734.19 mg/l) and magnesium (4304.16 mg/l) while the test effluent was only higher in calcium (7259.53 mg/l) compared to that of the control. The microbial types in fermented samples were identified after the fermentation period of 72 hrs. The bacterial profile were Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Escherchia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bacillus subtilis had the highest occurrences. The fungi isolates were Fusarium sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergilus niger and Penicillium sp. Evaluation of the effect of fermented African locust bean effluent on bean weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) with respect to insect mortality showed considerable biopesticidal potential on the bean weevil. The results revealed that the fermented locust bean effluent had the highest mortality of six after 20 minutes and the lowest mortality of one after 40 minutes. With further research, fermented African locust bean effluent can be used as biopesticide which would be cheaper, less hazardous to human health and easily accessible to local people to preserve cowpea produce. Keywords: Biocidal Effect, Bean Weevil, Fermentation, Effluent, Parkia biglobosa Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-56 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018031638 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1638 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1638 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051638.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:49-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ai Jing He Author-Name: Xian Guo Tuo Author-Name: Rui Shi Author-Name: Hong Long Zheng Title: MLEM Image Reconstruction Algorithm for Transmission Tomographic Gamma Scanning in Drummed Nuclear Wastes Abstract: In this paper, 7 different samples and two radioactive isotopes (60Co and 137Cs) are used to fill a standard industrial waste bucket for simulating the real situation of drummed nuclear wastes. A transmission tomographic gamma scanning (TGS) measurement is carried out based on the TGS system independently developed by the project group for transmission image reconstruction. The data is processed by the MLEM iterative algorithm, it’s able to reconstruct the actual distribution of inhomogeneous media within the drum and to correct attenuation coefficients values of media under particular emission energies. The results show: the MLEM iterative algorithm can reconstruct clear TGS transmission images with accurate resolution of different densities which accord with the actual distributions of inhomogeneous media within the drum; the quality of reconstructed images tend to improve with the increase of transmission energy; the corrected attenuation coefficients values of 72 voxels within the drum under emission energy:661.661keV, 1173.238keV and 1332.513keV are consistent with the reference values, which proves the validity of this method. Keywords: Tomographic Gamma Scanning, Transmission Measurement, MLEM Iterative Algorithm, Image Reconstruction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-48 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041640 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1640 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1640 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051640.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:44-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theodora Blioumi Author-Name: Efthymios Valkanos Author-Name: Iosif Fragkoulis Title: Views of Detainees for the Provision of Lyceum Education in the Closed Prisons of the Greek Territory Abstract: The education of all members of society is a prerequisite for the development of modern globalized society. Given this admission adult education and in particular, education of adults belonging to vulnerable social groups such as prisoners should be a particular concern. The various peculiarities of inmates increase the chances of their educational and by extension their exclusion. It is therefore imperative to provide educational programs that meet both their specific characteristics and the purpose of the custodial sentence. The initiative to operate an organized high school educational structure, for the first time in the Greek territory, within the 2nd Second Chance School (SCS) Prison School in Larissa and the absence of relevant surveys in Greece has led to an investigate both the views of prisoners – trainees on the structure for the provision of formal high school education in prisons and also the views of the education executives related to the incarcerated population. More specifically, the research objectives related to the views of education officers who are related to the training of prisoners in terms of the conditions of provision of high school education to prisoners, the role of the informal educational structure of high school level which operated inside the Court Prisons of Larissa as well as the factors that inhibit the prisoners’ attendance in the second level of secondary education. At the same, the prisoners’ expectations of attending high school were investigated and, in particular, the motivation to participate in the informal educational structure of SCS in the prisons of Larissa as well as the positive and negative elements of the operation of the structure. The methodological approach followed was that of qualitative research with a research tool, the semi – structured interview, on a sample of six individuals. The analysis of the findings has revealed the beneficial effect of attending structures of high school level on both the individual and on the community. However, given the existing conditions, the willingness of the internees acquire to high school education is made more difficult and any effort to provide high school education to prisoners is confronted with insurmountable impediments. Among the inhibitors of high school education of the prisoners were the conditions of detention, the insufficiency of prison time allotted for this purpose, the level of knowledge of the Greek language and the absence of a specific program tailored to the characteristics and needs of the detainees and in harmony with the aim of correction and the (re)integration of the prisoner. The above – mentioned research findings are in agreement with corresponding findings from the review of the relevant bibliography and could be a perpetual advisor and guide for anyone who researches and deals with the education of the vulnerable social group of prisoners. Keywords: Prisoners, Typical Education, Lyceum Education, Vulnerable Social Groups, Informal School, Adult Education, Closed Prisons Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 92-101 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018041641 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1641 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1641 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041641.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:92-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Brempong Fosu Title: Application and Spatial Analysis of Geographical Information System (GIS) Tool on Farm Compensation - A Case Study of Bibiani Gold Mine Abstract: Application of Geographical Information System (GIS) on Farm Compensation at Bibiani Gold Mine Concession in Ghana has addressed challenges and provided clarity to Farm compensation issues which often than not generate misunderstanding, cause double payment and hijack projects’ take off among parties involved. The results revealed successful development of robust database and interactive maps that provided reliable and efficient information about affected lands, crops, farm owners, date evaluated and payment made. Now, with Geographyical Information System (GIS) platform, easy access to any information regarding farm compensation in the mine can be tracked quickly from the in-built database and the interactive maps without difficult. This project would aid decision-making and efficient responses to any related Farm compensation issues in the mine for now and the future. Therefore, any farm compensation issue in the future should focus on Geographical Information System (GIS) tool or platform. For it has what it takes to store, manage, analyse, model, display, visualize and present information about spatial data, attribute data and images of objects under investigation with a click of mouse. Keywords: Geographical Information System, Farm Compensation, Farmers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-63 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041642 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1642 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1642 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051642.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:57-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Author-Name: I. Kyere Title: Analogy-based Instructional Approach a Panacea to Students’ Performance in Studying Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Concepts Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of concept map to enhance academic performance of students in DNA concepts. Quasi experimental design was used for the study. Thirty-nine (39) students from Boakye Tromo Senior High/Technical School, Duayaw Nkwanta in the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana were purposively selected and used for the study. Molecular Concept Achievement Test (MCAT) was developed, and used for both pre-test and post-test. The reliability coefficient of MCAT was established at 0.87 using Kudder-Richardson formula 20 (KR 20). All the thirty nine (39) students were taught the DNA concepts with conventional lecture-based instructional approach without any analogy for a period of two weeks and then tested to serve as pre-test. They were then exposed to the concepts again using analogy-based instructional approach such as “building a house and bread baking analogies” for another two weeks, tested at the end of the treatment period to serve as post-test. The null hypothesis was tested at p ≤ 0.05 levels using paired sample t-test together with Wilcoxon signed rank test. The study proved that there is a significant difference between the pretest and posttest mean scores of the students in favour of the post test (p<0.01). The students’ performance was massively improved when taught with analogy-based instructional approach (treatment) compared to those taught with the conventional lecture-based instructional approach (prior to treatment) (t = -18.29, p < .001; Z = -5.53, d = 2.98). It was then concluded from the findings that the analogy-based instructional approach of teaching and learning employed during the treatment processes improved the students’ academic achievements, and lead to improvement in their performance of the DNA concepts. Keywords: Academic Performance, DNA, Analogy-based Instructional Approach, Conventional Lecture-based Instructional Approach Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-13 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041644 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1644 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1644 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051644.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:7-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Youngsu Park Author-Name: Yujun Sun Title: Sustainable Forest Management in North-East Asia: A Comparative Assessment between China and Republic of Korea Abstract: The extent of the forest resource in the Northeast Asian region is vast. Characterized by temperate and boreal forests and covering about 28% of the world’s forested area, the importance of the region’s forest resource in terms of its contribution to the global carbon cycle and maintenance of biological diversity cannot be overstated. In recent years, land use and land cover, particularly forest cover, in the region has changed significantly. Driven by wars, population growth and economic development, forests have on one hand been on the decline, but on the other hand were restored and rehabilitated at a pace and scale unimaginable in other parts of the world. Republic of Korea (South Korea) and China, both countries with vast amount of forests, serve typical case of progressive forest cover decline during socio-political transition followed by restoration and rehabilitation during period of stable reform. Nationwide forest restoration and rehabilitation projects was implemented in both China and Korea during 1970s and 1980s in order to restore degraded forests and further provide invaluable forest-related goods and services. In recent times, both countries have experienced a pronounced increase in forest area and density. However, the pace and the current directions are very different for both countries. While Korea has already achieved absolute reversal of deforestation and has begun to focus on enhancing ecosystem and economic benefits from forests, China, in part due to its vast and diverse forest landscape, is still struggling with preventing forest cover loss and meeting socio-economic needs of rural forest dependent people through series of tenure reform processes. The forest governance in both countries are also starkly different, that has shaped both pace and direction of sustainable forest management. In this context, this paper uses an analysis of literature from secondary sources to compare and contrast the past and present achievements in both countries, in order to find pragmatic solutions towards sustainable forest management and rehabilitation that would prove useful in pragmatic policy and decision making in developing countries across the Asia-Pacific region. Keywords: Sustainable Forest Management, Forest Transition, Rehabilitation, South Korea, China Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-114 Volume: 7 Issue: 04 Year: 2018 Month: April Number: V72018041645 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1645 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1645 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018041645.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:4:p:102-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Title: Winged Accrescent Sepals and their Taxonomic Significance within the Chenopodiaceae: A Review Abstract: The present study aims to review the presence of winged accrescent sepals in various plant families with emphasis to the Subfamilies, Tribes and genera of the Chenopodiaceae and their significance in classification. Winged accrescent sepals were found to be sporadically scattered in 24 dicotyledonous and two monocotyledonous, one Gymnosperm and one Bryophyte families. In the Chenopodiaceae, winged accrescent sepals are present in three Subfamilies, five Tribes and 26 genera. The present review showed that these modified sepals although are unique morphological features in certain genera, Tribes and Subfamilies in the family Chenopodiaceae, they are also encountered in unrelated families and are not supported by molecular characteristics. Within the Chenopodiaceae, both the genera Sarcobatus and Dysphania, possess winged accrescent sepals, but molecular characteristics support the transfer of the genus Sarcobatus to a separate family, and confirmed the position of Dysphania within the family Chenopodiaceae. In addition, based on molecular characteristics, Subfamily Polycnemoideae which doesn't possess winged accrescent sepals, shared similarity with the Chenopodiaceae. Keywords: Modifications of Sepals, Sarcobatus, Dysphania, Polycnemoideae, Molecular Characteristics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041650 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1650 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1650 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051650.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bongoua-Devisme A. J. Author-Name: Gueable Y. K. D. Author-Name: Balland Bolou Bi C. Author-Name: Bolou Bi B. E. Author-Name: Kassin K. E. Author-Name: Adiaffi B. Author-Name: Yao-Kouame A. Author-Name: Djagoua E. M. V. Title: Hazardous Impacts of Open Dumpsite of Municipal Solid Wastes on Soil: Case of M’Ploussoue Park Dump at Bonoua in Ivory Coast Abstract: In Ivory Coast, most of the uncontrolled dumpsites are open-air and is one of the most common methods adopted. To study the impact of the solid waste on soil, soil samples were collected from the dumpsite of M’Ploussoue Park in Bonoua. The physical and chemical parameters such as size particle, pH, Exchangeable cations, CEC and the contents in heavy metals, were studied using various analytical techniques. It has been found that most of all the heavy metals analyzed contents exceeds the permissible limits in accordance with CCME soil quality standards. It’s conclude that M’Ploussoue Park dumpsite is characterized as polluted site whose the contamination is due to the solid waste materials that are dumped in the area. Keywords: Solid Waste, Open Air Dumpsite, Heavy Metals, Bonoua Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-38 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041653 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1653 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1653 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051653.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:32-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Walter Sutter Author-Name: Marius Meier Author-Name: Sebastian Berger Author-Name: Klaudio Pauli Author-Name: Fabian Arnosti Author-Name: Vanessa Werth Author-Name: Dritan Turhani Title: Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation on Digital Panoramic Radiographs with an Image Manipulation Programme after Simultaneous or Staged Dental Implant Insertion Abstract: Sinus floor augmentation is an effective method to regain bone height for the successful insertion of dental implants into the posterior maxilla. The aim of the study was to evaluate the behaviour of augmentation material following simultaneous or staged dental implant insertion, as visible on digital panoramic radiographs using the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). We evaluated one-stage (group 1) or two-stage (group 2) maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures in 19 patients, using a high temperature-treated bovine porous hydroxyapatite material. Digital panoramic radiographic measurements were captured pre-operatively in both groups, pre-implant insertion in group 2, and immediately postoperatively and 6 months postoperatively in both groups. Forty parallel-walled bone-level implants were placed in a one-stage (n=18) or two-stage (n=22) protocol, with a mean residual bone height of 4.9±1.8 mm and survival rate of 100%. Mean bone height increased by 8.6±1.6 mm immediately post-implantation and by 7.9±1.7 mm after 6 months. Mean distal and mesial bone losses after abutment connection were 0.42±0.24 mm and 0.34±0.27 mm, respectively. No significant intergroup or intragroup differences between simultaneous and staged dental implant procedures were found. Our results show that the histogram tool in GIMP is useful for documentation of the area of the augmentation material used in maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Keywords: Dental Implants, Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), Sinus Floor Augmentation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-24 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041658 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1658 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1658 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051658.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:14-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin Liu Title: The Effect of Rotenone on Ndfip1 in MES23.5 Cells Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system. The pathogenesis of PD is not yet clear. However, it has been reported that many factors including age, environmental factors, and genetic factors are included. Rotenone is one of the naturally occurring insecticides found in many plants of the Derris, Lonchocarpus, Tephrosia and Mundulea species. It is also one of the classic neurotoxic drugs to produce PD models. Ndfip1 has been reported to be a neuroprotective protein in the brain. Therefore, in this study, we examined the expression of Ndfip1 in the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone-induced PD models in MES23.5 dopaminergic cells. Our results showed that rotenone has a concentration-dependent and time-dependent impairment effect on MES23.5 cells. When the concentration of rotenone was 25 nmol/L, the viability of the cells was significantly decreased at 24 hrs. Further study showed that the expression of Ndfip1 increased in the mRNA levels at 6 hrs after 25 nmol/L rotenone treatment. The protein levels of Ndfip1 increased at 3 hrs, 6 hrs and decreased at 12 hrs after 100 nmol/L rotenone treatment. This indicates that rotenone caused damage to MES23.5 dopaminergic cells, which is accompanied by a decrease of Ndfip1. Keywords: Parkinson’ Disease, MES23.5 Cells, Rotenone, Ndfip1 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-43 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018041659 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1659 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1659 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051659.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:39-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pan Noymany Author-Name: Anoulom Vilayphone Author-Name: Viengsamone Thammavong Author-Name: Soukkongseng Saingaleuth Author-Name: Houngphet Chanthavong Title: Comparing Plant Species Diversity in Different Altitudinal Zones of Bolikhamxay Province, Central Lao PDR Abstract: The paper aims to examine plant species diversity, density, and distribution in different altitudinal zones of Bolikhamxay Province, Central Lao PDR. We conducted an inventory to collect the data from a total of 10 sampling plots from five villages of four districts of Bolikhamxay Province situated at different geographical locations with different above mean sea level. The analysis revealed that the Shannon diversity index was diverse in all sites. We found approximately 55 plant species with circumference of greater than 94 cm in the sampling plot 40x40m and 43 plant species with circumference of 32-93 cm in the sampling plot 20x20 m. We also found 40 different plant species in the sampling plot 10x10m when tree species has circumference of 4-31 cm. In small sampling plots 2x2m, we found 43 plant species which are plant species with circumference of less than 3 cm (height of 0.3-1.5m) and non-timber forest products (NTFPs). Overall, there were high variations in relative density, density, species richness, litter decomposition, and soil hardness in the study area and it can be concluded that the study area has diverse plants species and different geographical habitats of trees. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 64-76 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051665 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1665 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1665 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:64-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kil-Su Jang Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Author-Name: Young-Joon Choi Author-Name: Chan-Yong Kim Title: Hot Pepper Extract Enhanced the Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Potentials of Scorched Rice Chips, Nuroong-gi Abstract: Scorched rice chip, locally known as Nuroong-gi, is a famous processed rice product in Korea. Nutritionally enriched Nuroong-gi, an easy-to-make rice product, is of great importance, especially to supply nutritious diets to the rural poor who reside in the less developed countries. In this study, Nuroong-gi was produced by addition hot pepper extract in order to enhance its nutritional value. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the pepper extract on antioxidant potential and quality characteristics of fresh as well as stored (90 days) Nuroong-gi. The addition of pepper extract significantly enhanced the antioxidant potential and the overall acceptance of Nuroong-gi, however the viscosity was not notably altered, compared to the regular product. The results of this study suggest that pepper extract could be one of the efficient ways to enhance the antioxidant potential and the overall acceptance of Nuroong-gi. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Hot Pepper, Nuroong-gi, Overall Acceptance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-16 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018051678 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1678 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1678 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061678.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:10-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Author-Name: Samuel A. Ushe Title: Application of Queuing Process in the Optimization of Baggage Handling System of Murtala Muhammed International Airport Abstract: Baggage handling systems (BHS) take up a significant portion of an airport's overall operation. As an entryway BHS is an essential component as it facilitates a smooth transition for baggage flowing from the check-in area to the departure gates (loading points) by reconstituting a dynamic baggage flow into a stable flow on a conveyor system. The main purpose of this paper is to review different baggage models and their usage in the BHS line shared by multiple airlines. This is particularly relevant in the Nigerian context, as imbalances have been observed in the BHS designed for Murtala Mohammed international Airport. These imbalances lead to a lower customer satisfaction rates for most airline as well as a reduction in the level of service provided by the airport during peak hours. In this study, we shall consider several work of different researchers on the baggage handling systems using different models to solve the entryway BHS. We shall also consider the most appropriate operation of BHS in Nigerian Airport which will improve efficiency and reduce waiting time of passenger baggage. The results indicate that this suggested algorithm reduces the imbalances for the airlines sharing the BHS collection conveyor, while maintaining overall BHS performance at an acceptable level. The relationships between the variables used in the algorithm and overall performance are discussed further. Keywords: Queuing Process, Baggage Handling System, Optimization Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 97-103 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051681 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1681 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1681 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051681.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:97-103 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Olcay Mülazımoğlu Author-Name: Yakup Akif Afyon Author-Name: Selçuk Sayılır Author-Name: Ayşe Salgın Title: The Effect of 4-Week Training with Shoulder Kinesio-Taping on Shooting Accuracy of Young Archers Abstract: The aim of this research is to investigate the effects of exercises done by the kinesio-taping technique with 4-week on target shooting accuracy in young archers using olympic recurve bow. Eight athletes (3 females-5 males) (age: 15.63 ± 1.85 years) who competed in different ages and categories were voluntarily participated in the study, with the consent of their families. Athletes trained for 4 weeks through exercising deltoid muscles on the shoulders of grasp arm with a kinesiology tape before training by the help of a specialis. They performed 10 series of arrow shots consisting of three shots a standard olympic recurve bow according to the rules of saloon (18 meter distance) before and after the athletic training. Shooting scores were recorded according to the international scoring system. To determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test shot scores, the paired sample t-test and a correlation analysis between them was performed. The statistical significance (p) value was taken as <0.05. Statistically significant difference was found between pre-test and post-test values of average score of the shooters (p <0.05). This increase in post-test shooting scores in the archers shows that the kinesio-taping on shoulders positively affects the shooting accuracy during 4 weeks of trainings. The use of this method, which is thought to improve shooting accuracy of archers. Keywords: Archery, Shooting Accuracy, Kinesio-Taping, Olympic recurve bow, Training Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018051685 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1685 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1685 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061685.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zar Zar Win Thein Author-Name: Zhou Jianhua Title: Development of Elephant Conservation Based Tourism after Implementation of Logging Ban Policy in Myanmar Abstract: According to afforestation 10 years program (from 2017-18 to 2026-2027), the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) has agreed on a new logging ban policy for Myanmar’s forest; 10-year logging ban for the Bago Yoma Region and 1-year national logging ban for the remaining areas since (2016-2017) fiscal year. Myanma Timber Enterprise (MTE), one of the state-owned enterprises, is mainly responsible for the logging operation and dragging logs from the forest with Elephants is the most well recognized as environmentally friendly logging operation in Myanmar. After implemented Myanmar’s logging ban policy is great for forests, but a big challenge for MTE for the maintenance of MTE staffs and its working captive elephants in the timber industry for elephant conservation and welfare of the elephant staffs (mahouts). MTE owns more than 3000 Captive Elephants to perform logging operation, among which more than one-third is suitable for the workforce of skidding. The rest are not suiting for work as they are babies and mothers, pregnant, training, unhealthy and/or aged elephants. Nevertheless, all of the elephants are under the care and management of MTE. As a solution of logging ban policy effects on MTE, it came up with the idea of establishing Elephant Conservation Based Tourism (ECBT) in Myanmar by taking into consideration of the conservation of elephants and the welfare of the mahouts as well as an alternative way of earning income from ecotourism. Now, MTE is already implemented elephant conservation camps in a nationwide by state-owned sector. Wildlife tourism is often promoted as an activity which supports conservation by enhancing environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior through interpretative messaging and personal experiences with wildlife. ECBT will increase absolutely in the conservation of elephant. Keywords: Logging Ban Policy, Elephant Conservation Based Tourism Captive Elephants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-96 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051688 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1688 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1688 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051688.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:87-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iosif Fragkoulis Author-Name: Argyro Palaiothodorou Title: Recording of Primary Education Teachers' Views on the Use of Mentoring in Learning Difficulties Assessment of a School Unit Abstract: Teachers are daily required to manage various and complex school problems. Sometimes are not able to manage them efficiently. This is a good reason for the existence of a more experienced, educated and well-practiced person who is able to support them, give expert advices, information, or specific practices for managing education problems. This person, called Mentor, acting as an adult trainer may be useful to a school unit by advising, giving instructions, information, directions or expert knowledge that teachers need in their daily school work. Based on this point of view, the present survey tries to record teachers’ views about the role of a specific Mentor focused on learning difficulties assessment in a school community, as many educators are not well trained to cope with issues related to learning difficulties and thus, their scientific and well-organized management in school class. Students’ learning problems are issues that make teachers feel anxious or not quite sure about their choices on the implementation of appropriate and well-adjusted learning methods during school class. 80 permanent teachers from the urban area of Patras took part in the present study where they were asked to make a questionnaire about the role of a specific mentor focused on learning difficulties assessment and his contribution to a school unit. Data analysis demonstrated the necessity of such a person where his role is to communicate with all teachers in a school community giving them specific advices or practices for certain, effective and well established management for learning difficulties problems. It is also pointed out that teachers need a counselor who can provide support, assistance and guidance for certain issues and school problems. Engaging in mentoring process improves interpersonal skills, cooperation and communication among mentor and mentees. Teachers can function in a less stress environment, get support and specific advices on learning difficulties issues and foster a sense of cooperation and communication for effective and productive school work. Keywords: Mentor, Mentee, Advisory and Supportive Role, Expert Mentor Focused on Learning Difficulties Assessment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-86 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051689 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1689 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1689 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051689.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:77-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Author-Name: Alain Pougetoux Title: The Napoléon mutation 16184T is that found in the HVS1 sequence of the mtDNA extracted from an eyebrow included in the plaster of the Antommarchi death mask of Napoléon. Abstract: We have extracted the mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) from one eyebrow included in the plaster of the Antommarchi death-mask of Napoléon. The corresponding HVS1 (Hypervariable Sequence number 1) contains only one mutation, named 16184T, that is that of the Napoléon family (reference 2). That proves, in accordance with some previously established plaster particularities of the eyebrow part of the mask (reference 1) showing that it originates from the St. Helena island, that the Antommarchi death-mask of Napoléon is the nearest historical mask of the real death-mask of Napoléon. Keywords: Napoléon, Antommarchi Death-mask of Napoléon, Plaster of the Mask, Eyebrows, mtDNA, HVS1 Sequence, 16184T Mutation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 104-133 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051690 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1690 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1690 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051690.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:104-133 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iosif Fragkoulis Author-Name: Theodora Papageorgiou Title: The Use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the Teaching of Tradedy "Antigone" by Sophocles Abstract: In this study we aim to present a teaching scenario in the lesson of ancient Greek "Antigone" of Sophocles, in which ICT is used as a tool for the cultivation of cognitive, communicative and metacognitive skills. The proposed scenario will be implemented with the exploitation of the collaborative teaching method, in which the emphasis is placed not only on the result but also on the process itself. The product which is produced, of course, is always richer and more creative than what each student could have achieved on his own. The role of the teacher is to concentrate on a problem solving process in a context of authentic learning, where children have the opportunity to express their opinions, listen to others' ideas and collaborate with each other in order to solve a problem of real life. Keywords: Authentic Learning, Metacognitive Skills, Social Constructivism, Ancient Greek Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 134-138 Volume: 7 Issue: 05 Year: 2018 Month: May Number: V72018051698 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1698 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1698 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018051698.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:5:p:134-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kun Yang Author-Name: Chen Yang Author-Name: Feng Yang Title: The Design of Self-purchasing System for Train Tickets Based on Block Chain Identity Authentication Technology Abstract: As a frontier technology, block chain has great prospects in the fields of internet of things and finance field. In the process of bitcoin transaction, the legality authentication of identity information is realized through block chain technology and cryptography knowledge. Based on this, block chain identity authentication and distributed storage technology are applied to a train ticket purchasing system in this paper. The system mainly consists of four modules: communication terminal, ticketing digital encryption database, block chain identity authentication center and self-service ticket collecting machine. The communication terminal receives ticket and purchaser identity encryption information, it also subscribes to tickets on the Internet through a timestamp server. The ticket digital encryption database encrypts the identity and ticket information and sends it to the communication terminal. The block chain identity authentication center completes the legality verification of the ticket collector identities through the key matching and decryption algorithm. Self-service ticket collection machine finishes printing tickets. The system uses block chain and secret key matching to achieve the identity authentication of the ticket collector. The collector can also take out the ticket without identity card, which provides great convenience for passengers who have lost their ID cards or temporarily can not show their identity cards. Keywords: Block Chain, Distributed Storage, Identity Authentication Technology, Ticket Collection System Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-9 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018051700 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1700 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1700 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061700.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:6-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mathew K. Bolade Author-Name: Mohammed A. Usman Author-Name: Paul O. Ogungbemi Title: The Use of Shea Butter in the Production of Fried Plantain (Musa AAB) Chips and Its Effect on the Product’s Quality Attributes Abstract: This study investigated the possible use of shea butter for fried plantain chips production as well as comparative assessment of their quality characteristics. Mature green plantain was peeled and chipped followed by deep-frying using three different vegetable oils (shea butter, soybean oil and palm oil) individually. The respective fried plantain chips were then evaluated for their quality attributes. The fat content of fried plantain chips from shea butter (FPC-Shea) was 19.79% while that from FPC-Soy (plantain chips from soybean oil) and FPC-Palm (plantain chips from palm oil) were 18.47 and 20.04%, respectively. The protein, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate contents of FPC-Shea were 5.22, 2.62, 3.54 and 69.33%, respectively while those of FPC-Soy and FPC-Palm ranged from 3.84 – 4.77, 2.36 – 2.54, 3.41 – 3.64 and 69.01 – 71.92%, respectively. The browning index (BI), oiliness index and in vitro starch digestibility of FPC-Shea were 103.71, 28.14 cm2 and 42.38 mg/g, respectively while those of FPC-Soy and FPC-Palm ranged from 108.34 – 111.94, 24.45 – 36.31 cm2, and 34.54 – 37.27 mg/g, respectively. The organoleptic assessment revealed that FPC-Shea was rated the highest in terms of colour and crispness while FPC-Soy was rated the highest in terms of taste, aroma, hand greasiness and overall acceptability. The FPC-Palm was rated the lowest in terms of all sensory parameters. The overall acceptability of FPC-Shea was lower than that of FPC-Soy but still processed high potentiality. The storability study revealed that the fried plantain chips from all vegetable oil sources could not last beyond seven days due to the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) exceeding a threshold level of 1.1 mg MDA/kg. The type of packaging material used (transparent polyethylene material) might have played a critical role in this relatively short storage life of the fried plantain chips. Keywords: Plantain Chips, Shea Butter, Soybean Oil, Palm Oil, Frying Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-76 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061705 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1705 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1705 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061705.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:68-76 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. G. Muro Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: M. S. Trigo Author-Name: M. A. Eirin Author-Name: A. C. Cattáneo Author-Name: K. Steffen Author-Name: C. A. Cordiviola Title: Use of Ionophores in Goat Feeding Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of monensin addition on the total dry matter intake, in goat diets, composed of 30 % alfalfa hay and 70 % corn. Four fistulated cross breed goats (Nubian x Creole), 39.77 ± 1.07 kg live body weight (BW), were used in experimental design. Two experiments were carried out: I) Determining total dry matter intake (TDMI), pasture dry matter intake (PDMI), total daily and hourly intake (TDHI) and total dry matter digestibility (TDMD); II) Determining ruminal pH. Treatments consisted of an instance without monensin (D0), and another one with monensin (D1). In both cases, intake level was adjusted to 3 % of BW. There were no significant effects (p < 0.05) on TDMI, PDMI, TDHI, TDMD and BW. The registered TDHI during the 12 h after feed had an effect on time. The area below the curve, with a 5.8 and 6 pH threshold, proved a significant linear drop-off (p < 0.05) for D1. As regards the hours with pH value below pH threshold, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments, only a tendency (p = 0,074) to keep pH values below 5.8 for a greater number hours in D0. The average pH of the day showed a tendency to be higher (p = 0,056) for D1. The lowest ruminal pH was observed between the 8 and 12 h after food intake, and with significant differences (p > 0.05) between hours, but the treatment had no effects on the evolution of pH in time. Therefore, we can conclude that the addition of monensin in highly energetic diets for goats had a moderating effect in the ruminal pH, and in the number of daily food concentrate meals. However, there was no register of acute acidosis with these diets. Keywords: Monensin, Goats, Intake Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-56 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061706 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1706 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1706 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061706.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:51-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulibaly Klotioloma Author-Name: Aka Aka Romain Author-Name: Brahima Camara Author-Name: Kassin K. E. Author-Name: Koffie KOUAKOU Author-Name: Kebe Boubacar Ismael Author-Name: Koffi Kouassi Nazaire Author-Name: Tahi Gnion Mathias Author-Name: Walet Pierre N’GUESSAN Author-Name: Brigitte GUIRAUD Author-Name: Assi Maryse Evlyne Author-Name: Kone Boake Author-Name: K. F. N’Guessan Author-Name: Kone Daouda Title: Molecular Identification of Phytophthora palmivora in the Cocoa Tree Orchard of Côte d’Ivoire and Assessment of the Quantitative Component of Pathogenicity Abstract: Black pod rot is one of the most widespread diseases in the species Theobroma cacao L. In Côte d’Ivoire, it causes significant yield losses, estimated at about 10 to 60% depending on the ecological zones. This study was conducted in order to identify Phytophthora spp isolates in the cocoa orchard by the analysis of their molecular features and assess their pathogenicity on cocoa tree leaf disks having different sensitivity. Thirty-six isolates of Phytophthora spp., from 06 producing regions (Divo, Soubré, Daloa, Duékoué, Abengourou and Aboisso) were taken from immature pods naturally affected by black pod rot. Methods of molecular analysis based on PCR-RFLP techniques, sequencing the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA and artificial inoculation tests on cocoa tree leaf disks were used to identify Phytophthora isolates and assess their aggressiveness. The results obtained enabled to identify Phytophthora palmivora and showed a difference of aggressiveness between isolates of this species with average grades of foliar sensitivity ranging from 0.90 to 3.93. Keywords: Aggressiveness, Black Pod Rot, ITS-RFLP, Restriction Enzyme, Theobroma cacao Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-15 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018061707 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1707 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1707 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081707.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:7-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo G. Sapogin Author-Name: V. A. Dzhanibekov Author-Name: Yu. A. Ryabov Title: General Problems of Science for Pedestrian Abstract: The paper proposes a model of a unitary quantum field theory where the particle is represented as a wave packet. The frequency dispersion equation is chosen so that the packet periodically appears and disappears without changing its form. The envelope of the process is identified with a conventional wave function. Equation of such a field is nonlinear and relativistically invariant. With proper adjustments, they are reduced to Dirac, Schrödinger and Hamilton-Jacobi equations. A number of new experimental effects are predicted both for high and low energies. Keywords: Unitary Quantum Theory, Standard Model, Quantum Electrodynamics, Maxwell Equations, Schrödinger Equation, Solid State Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-50 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061714 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1714 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1714 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061714.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:17-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benard O. Muok Title: Developing an Innovative and Sustainable Market-Based Systems for Enhancing Diffusion of Clean Cooking Solutions in Kenya Abstract: The aim of the study was to look at evidence of barriers in the development of clan cooking solutions market in Kenya and made actionable recommendations on how to improve the diffusion of clean cooking solutions within a market based approach. The ultimate goal is to enhance the adoption and diffusion of clean cooking solutions through innovative and sustainable market approach that addresses issues such as a demand-driven approach to facilitate adoption of clean cooking solutions. The study was conducted in ten (10) representative counties in Kenya including Kwale (Coast region), Migori (South Western region), Homa Bay (South Western region), Kisumu (Lake Victoria region), Vihiga (Western region), Nakuru (Central Reft region), Kajiado (South Rift region), Machakos (South Eastern region) and Meru (North Eastern region). The study was carried out through a national level inventory to provide a broad idea of the status of clean cooking solution market. The study used mixed methods and approaches including desk reviews, stakeholder interviews, case studies and focus group discussions. Both quantitative and qualitative data was collected using mixed methodologies such as desk review, household surveys using questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions to capture all actors in the value chain including producers, traders, consumers, researchers, development agents and policy makers. The key issues rotate around affordability, availability, quality, suitability and awareness including capacity. What is required is adoption of a strategic approach to addressing the various challenges that have been identified including creating a condusive policy framework to unlock to the potentials of clean cooking solution in the country. Keywords: Clean Cooking Solutions, Sustainable Market, Opportunities, Challenges, Policy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-67 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061716 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1716 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1716 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061716.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:57-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mallam Bukar Jidda Author-Name: Danjuma Yirnggau Mallim Author-Name: Tamar Hassan Nuhu Title: Assessing the Effects of Metalaxyl Seed Treatment Methods on Incidence of Downy Mildew [Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroet.] in some Exotic Cultivars of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum gluacum (L.) R. Br.] Abstract: Field experiment was conducted at the University of Maiduguri Research Farm to evaluate the effect of metalaxyl seed treatment methods on downy mildew incidence and yield of pearl millet. Two methods of seed treatment viz. slurry and dust were tested against four improved pearl millet cultivars Super sosat, Sosat-c88, LCIC 9702 and PEO 5984, and a Local cultivar Ex-Borno. Dust application of metalaxyl on seed had higher seedling emergence, plant height and yield, and lower downy mildew incidence and severity than in slurry treatments. Dust application increased seedling emergence and establishment across the two years, by 61.7 and 17.3 %, respectively compared to control. It also reduced downy mildew severity by 79.5 % and increased yield by 181.2 kg/ha, representing 22.6 % increase over the control compared to the 21.9 % increase in yield by slurry treatment. Super sosat developed little or no downy mildew and had the highest grain yield. PEO 5984 was the most susceptible but the earliest maturing cultivar. To farmers who do not read or bother to read instructions or recommendations by manufacturers can apply the product as dust on the dry seeds and choose to plant either the early maturing more susceptible cultivars or the late maturing more resistant ones depending on rainfall or weather prediction for the preceding season. Keywords: Cultivar, Metalaxyl, Seed Treatment, Pearl Millet Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 88-92 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061722 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1722 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1722 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061722.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:88-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: María Soledad Vásquez Murrieta Author-Name: Marina Olivia Franco Hernández Author-Name: Angélica Rodríguez Dorantes Title: Assisted Phytoextraction of Arsenic and Cadmium by the Addition of Chemical Amendments and their Effect on Nutrient Ionome in Sedum praealtum Plants Abstract: Assisted phytoextraction involves the participation of plant species and supplementary agents (chemical or biological amendments) to increase the contaminant bioavailability and accumulation. The employment of many synthetic chelators, increase the mobility and bioavility of the heavy metal uptake by plants and favoring their accumulation in aerial parts of phytoextracting plants. The present work evaluates the effect of two chemical amendments: ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and oxalic acid, as combine assisted phytoextraction of arsenic and cadmium and their effect on ionome of some nutrients of Sedum prealtum plants. At the concentrations tested for As and Cd; the nutrient elements: Ca and Mn accumulated in leaves, Fe, Cu and Mo accumulated in roots and for Mg and Zn concentrations these were almost equally distributed in leaves, stems and roots of this plant species. Even there was a diminished growth of them in presence of both heavy metals; ionomic profiles obtained as response of exogenous addition of As and Cd and both chelating agents were efficiently, increasing the bioavailability of some elements, showing a synergistic effect. Keywords: Assisted Phytoextraction, Sedum praealtum, Arsenic, Cadmium Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 77-87 Volume: 7 Issue: 06 Year: 2018 Month: June Number: V72018061724 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1724 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1724 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018061724.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:6:p:77-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fuping Guan Author-Name: Zhao Na Author-Name: Yinlin Ge Title: Therapeutic Effect of Down-Regulation of MTH1 Gene Expression on HepG2 Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nude Mice Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish an animal model of HepG2 liver cancer in nude mice, and to inhibit the expression of MTH1 gene in tumor cells by siRNA interference. To study the therapeutic effect of down-regulation of MTH1 expression on HepG2 tumor in nude mice, and to provide a new strategy for the treatment of HCC. Methods: Human HepG2 cells were cultured and transplanted tumor models were established under the armpit of right forelimb of nude mice. The successful nude mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CT) and siRNA transfection group (MTH1). The tumor volume of each group of nude mice was consistent. This experiment was mainly conducted by injecting siRNAs into tumor-bearing nude mice and transfection reagents in vivo. The survival time and living condition of nude mice were observed. The tumor inhibition was evaluated by measuring the volume and weight of solid tumor in nude mice. After the administration, The expression of mth1 and its related genes were detected by qPCR to determine the effect of QPCR on the mRNA expression of each gene. The relative expression of mth1 and related proteins in tumor tissues was detected by Elisa and Western blotting. The effect of siRNA on the protein level of each gene was evaluated by calculating the gray value and comparing the od value. Results: The animal model of HepG2 liver cancer in nude mice was successfully established, and the tumorigenesis rate was 100%. The siRNA transfection group had significant anti-tumor effect and significantly inhibited the growth of tumor cells. Survival rate of nude mice in each group was 100%. Compared with the control group, In the transfected group, the expression of mth1 mRNA and protein decreased significantly in the tumor tissues. The expression of caspase-3 protein was significantly increased in the transfected group. Conclusion: SiRNA-MTH1 can effectively silence the expression of MTH1 gene. Down-regulation of mth1 gene expression by siRNA can inhibit the growth, proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 tumor cells. Keywords: Nude mice, HepG2 CELL, saRNA, MTH1 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 7 Issue: 07 Year: 2018 Month: July Number: V72018061728 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1728 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1728 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018071728.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:7:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: P. B. Ashishie Author-Name: C. A. Ashishie Title: Biopesticide, their Ecological and Toxicological Effects (Review) Abstract: Intensive farming as a way of enhancing food security is utterly necessary and pest control remains indispensable. When highly specified, biopesticides can be utterly benign in their human and environmental effects. But, in recent times, a quasi-exponential increase has been observed in the ecological and toxicological effect of bio-pesticide. This paper focuses on; Biopesticides, Sources, Preparation, Ecological friendliness, Ecological and Toxicological effects. Amongst the factors raising ecological and toxicological effects of bio-pesticide are lack of knowledge about pest/pathogens against which they can be applied successfully, which makes bio-pesticides biological weapons. The consistent use of biopesticides which has the potential of increasing the microbial carriage capacity of the ecosystem, leading to ecological adjustment which ranges from environment contamination to increase microbial strain resistance through horizontal gene transfer. Keywords: Biopesticides, Ecology, Toxicology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-25 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018071736 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1736 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1736 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081736.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:21-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ini Ekpe Author-Name: Esua Orok Udosen Author-Name: Dennis Amaechi Author-Name: Benjamin Yisa Title: Impact of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma stans and Costus afer Leaves on Lipid Profile Status of Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Abstract: The lipid profile status of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats treated with ethanolic extract of Tecoma stans and Costus afer leaves using seventy (70) male wistar rats divided into five (5) parallel group consisting of diabetic (DC) and non diabetic (ND) groups of seven (7) rats per group. Group I received placebo (Control) Group II received insulin (humulin 5mg/kg body weight) Group II received Ts 250mg/kg Body weight) Group IV, received Ca (200mg/kg Body weight) Group V received combined extracts TS (150mg/kg body weight) A and a (100mg/kg body weight). The extracts were administered orally while insulin was subcutaneously. The treatment lasted for 21 days after which the animals were sacrificed and whole blood was collected for biochemical analysis. There was no significant increase in total cholesterol among insulin, Tecoma stans and combined therapy when compared to NC. HDL-C was significantly (P<0.05) higher in non diabetic group treated with Costus afer and combined therapy compared to NC, insulin and Tecoma stans in the non diabetic group while the total cholesterol levels in the serum was significantly (p<0.05) higher in diabetic control group and those administered insulin, Tc and Ca compared in NC. HDL-C concentration in Tecoma stans and Costus afer treated group were significantly increased (P<0.005) compared to NC in diabetic study group. From the result obtained from the study, it may be concluded that the ethanolic extracts of Tecoma stans and Costus afer leaves has hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective properties and may be able to alleviate oxidative stress induced by streptozotocin in wistar rats. Keywords: Ts-Tecoma stans, Ca-Costus afer, Cardiovascular Disease, Antioxidant Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018071740 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1740 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1740 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081740.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:16-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farhana Maqbool Author-Name: Seema Singh Author-Name: Tareq A. wani Author-Name: Mudasir Ahmad Author-Name: Bashir A. Ganai Author-Name: Mahroofa Jan Title: Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Methanolic Extract of in vitro Raised Plants of Atropa acuminate Royle Abstract: Due to overexploitation from the natural resources, an efficient regeneration protocol for medicinally important and rare plant species, Atropa acuminate for conservation was developed. Leaf explants were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAPfor callus induction and organogenesis. After one and a half week, callus induction was recorded with the highest frequency at 3mg/l BAP. After 3 weeks of subsequent sub-culturing, optimum shoot induction frequency of 100% was achieved at 3mg/l BAP. Also, highest mean shoot numbers per explant (15.2) were recorded at the same concentration. Successful in vitro rooting of the microshoots was achieved on MS medium fortified with(0.5mg/l)IBA. The regenerated shoots with well developed roots were successfully acclimatized in vermicompost and hardened with 100% survival rate under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, methanolic extract of in vitro regenerated plants were screened forimportant secondary metabolites and antioxidant potential. Alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids and terpenes were present abundantly. Also, the plants revealed antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. Current study can serve as an efficient protocol for mass multiplication and conservation of medicinally important plant A. acuminata. Keywords: Atropa acuminata, Callus, Micropropagation, antioxidant, DPPH Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-11 Volume: 7 Issue: 07 Year: 2018 Month: July Number: V72018071747 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1747 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1747 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018071747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:7:p:6-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Young-Joon Choi Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Eastern Prickly Pear (Opuntia humifusa Raf.) Power Enhanced the Quality of Korean Traditional Wine, Takju Abstract: Takju, also known as makgeolli, is a famous traditional alcoholic beverage in Korea. Various studies on the effect of raw materials on the quality of takju have been carried out. This study aimed to investigate the influence of Opuntia humifusa powder on the quality of takju. Chemical characteristics, color value, antioxidant potential as well as sensory characteristics were considered for the quality evaluation. Addition of the powder improved the functional as well as organoleptic properties of takju. The optimum proportion of O. humifusa powder to be added for having better impact was 0.5% (w/v). Results of this study suggested that O. humifusa could enhance the antioxidant potential as well as overall acceptance of Korean traditional rice wine, takju. Keywords: antioxidant potential, Korean traditional wine, Opuntia humifusa, overall acceptance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-16 Volume: 7 Issue: 07 Year: 2018 Month: July Number: V72018071750 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1750 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1750 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018071750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:7:p:12-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chen Yang Author-Name: Kun Yang Author-Name: Xin Jiang Title: WLAN Mesh Security Access Method Based on Blockchain Technology Abstract: As a brand-new network structure, WLAN Mesh network is a distributed network with large capacity, fast speed and wide coverage. However, the security problems caused by the characteristics of wireless connection are not negligible. This paper proposes a new blockchain-based WLAN Mesh design method, including user encryption module, blockchain authentication module and kernel space module. Using the blockchain technology, each user's access authentication request is treated as a transaction, and all authentication records in the mesh network are treated as public ledgers. This method based on blockchain enables secure access to the network and prevents malicious attacks. Keywords: Block chain,WLAN Mesh, Public Ledgers, Access Method Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 07 Year: 2018 Month: July Number: V72018071753 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1753 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1753 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018071753.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:7:p:17-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Feng Yang Author-Name: Kun Yang Author-Name: Chen Yang Title: Development and Application of Gamma Camera in the Field of Nuclear Medicine Abstract: The gamma camera provides fast and accurate real-time imaging of the distribution of radionuclides in the human body. It can not only perform dynamic and static observations, but also can be used to observe the metabolism of local tissue organs. It is an important tool in the field of nuclear medicine. This paper introduces the principle, structure and performance index of gamma camera, and summarizes and analyzes the application and development status of gamma camera in nuclear medicine. The performance indicators of gamma cameras have been greatly improved, and have been widely used in the medical field. Keywords: Gamma Camera, Nuclear Medicine, Imaging Technology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-24 Volume: 7 Issue: 07 Year: 2018 Month: July Number: V72018071758 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1758 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1758 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018071758.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:7:p:21-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ejike Daniel Eze Author-Name: Iliya Ezekiel Author-Name: Moses Dele Adams Author-Name: Karimah Mohammed Rabiu Author-Name: Adam Moyosore Afodun Author-Name: Ayikobua Emmanuel Tiyo Author-Name: Sheu Oluwadare Sulaiman Author-Name: Okpanachi Omachonu Alfred Title: Comparative Effects of Taurine and Vitamin E in Acetaminophen-Induced Oxidative Stress on Learning and Memory in Male Wistar Rats Abstract: Stress is an integral part of human life; stressful events exert deleterious effects on normal (physiological) functions, leading to the pathogenesis of diseases. Stress alters cognition, learning, memory and emotional responses, resulting in mental disorders like depression and anxiety. The comparative effect of taurine (TAU) and vitamin E (VIT E) was evaluated on learning and memory in acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Methods Twenty animals weighing (100-120 g) were divided into four groups (A-D) of five rat each. Animals in Group A (control) received 0.5 ml of distilled water only while those in Group B received 100 mg/kg of acetaminophen (ACE) only. Animals in Group C received 100 mg/kg of taurine plus ACE while those in Group D received 0.5ml of Vitamin E plus ACE. The administration was done once daily for sixty days during which learning and memory of the animals were assessed using elevated plus maze and novel object recognition for rats. Results Animals in Groups A, B, C and D were able to locate the closed arm at an average of 41.0 ± 13.2 s, 67.0 ± 13.5 s, 56.3±16.6 s and 32.2± 12.1 s respectively. During the training phase, the TAU + ACE animals explored the object presented to them more (67.99 %) compared with the control and other groups. The VIT E + ACE animals have the least percentage (51.94%) in exploring the novel object that was presented to them. During the consolidation phase, the control group explored the novel object presented to them more (75.62%) when compared with the other groups. The VIT E + ACE animals have the least percentage (64.15%) in exploring the novel object that was presented to the animals. Conclusion Available evidence from this study showed that animals in acetaminophen and control groups were able to explore the elevated plus maze faster than the taurine plus acetaminophen and vitamin E plus acetaminophen groups. It also demonstrated that TAU and VIT E have protective effects on acetaminophen-associated learning and memory impairment in male rats which might be elucidated by antioxidative effects, facilitation of neurotransmitter activity and secretion of the hormone corticosterone. Keywords: Taurine, Vitamin E, Acetaminophen, Elevated plus maze, Novel object recognition, Memory Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-32 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018071759 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1759 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1759 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081759.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:26-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haiqing Wang Author-Name: Shupei Ma Title: Assessment of Large Granular Lymphocyte during Dasatinib Therapy and its Relation to Deep Molecular Response in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Abstract: Objective: To compare the differences of deep molecular response (DMR) rate and time of obtaining DMR between dasatinib treated patients with increased and normal levels of large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) in newly diagnosed or imatinib resistant/intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients with positive BCR-ABL fusion gene. Methods: LGLs in peripheral blood were counted by flow cytometry and BCR-ABL fusion gene transcriptional level was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 25 CML patients before and 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months after dasatinib treatment. The enrolled patients were classified into LGLs+ group and LGLs- group according to whether the LGL counts were increased or not. Results: Among the 25 patients investigated, LGLs in 15 cases (5/15, 60%) were increased. Five cases in LGL+ group obtained DMR (33.3%) which was significantly higher than that of LGL- group (33.3% vs 10 %, P < 0.05). The median time of obtaining DMR in LGLs+ group and LGLs- group were 12 and 15 months respectively. Conclusions: Increased LGLs can be used as an indicator of prognosis in CML patients with positive BCR-ABL fusion gene who treated with dasatinib. Keywords: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Large Granular Lymphocyte, Dasatinib, Deep Molecular Response Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-36 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018081763 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1763 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1763 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081763.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:33-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dieudonné L. Njimoh Author-Name: Marcel M. Nyuylam Author-Name: Daniel N. Bangwen Author-Name: Brice T. Meulah Author-Name: Alexandra L. Z. Djomkam Author-Name: Stephen M. Ghogomu Title: Haplotyping of Plasmodium falciparum Thrombospondin-Related Adhesive Protein Coding Gene in Isolates from Buea, Cameroon Abstract: Knowledge of the genetic diversity of leading malaria vaccine candidate genes in various geographical regions is very essential for the development of a very successful malaria vaccine. This study aimed at assessing the haplotype variation of Plasmodium falciparum thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (PfTRAP) gene in malaria isolates from Buea, Cameroon. Parasitized blood samples were collected on whatmann filter papers by finger pricks from 291 participants. Plasmodium infection was assessed by thick and thin blood films. DNA samples were isolated from blood spots using the chelex method and used for falciparum speciation and PfTRAP gene amplification by polymerase chain reaction. PfTRAP amplicons were digested using four different restriction enzymes. The PfTRAP sequences were amplified from 83 of 172 falciparium positive DNA extracts. Digestion of the gene with the BglII gave two of four possible variants {(+-; 2.4%), (--; 100%)}, three with SspI {(+-; 1.2%), (-+; 15%), (--; 80.7%)} and all four with AflII {(+-; 71.1%), (++; 16.9%), (-+; 4.8%); (--; 7.2%)}. The single TaqαI site on the gene was present in 65% of the samples. Haplotype analysis showed that 14 of the 96 possible PfTRAP haplotypes were present in our isolates with haplotype 91 (----+-+) being the most prevalent (32%). We have demonstrated the various PfTRAP haplotypes circulating with low frequency in the malaria endemic region of Buea. These findings will add to the knowledge of the PfTRAP haplotypes circulating worldwide which is very vital for a TRAP-based/multi-antigen malaria vaccine development that will be globally effective. Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Malaria, Vaccine Candidate, Haplotypes, Polymorphism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-47 Volume: 7 Issue: 08 Year: 2018 Month: August Number: V72018081770 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1770 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1770 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018081770.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:8:p:37-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanxia Zhao Author-Name: Yinlin Ge Title: Urine Lunx mRNA as a Potential Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Lung Cancer Abstract: Objective: Exploring the expression of cell-free RNA in urine of normal patients and lung cancer patients, analyze its clinical value in the dignosis of lung cancer. Methods: The urine samples were collected from lung cancer patients and healthy people. Extracted the total cf-RNA from all samples. The contents of total cf-RNA in two groups were detected, and the expressions of LUNX mRNA in two groups were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve was established to evaluate the diagnostic value of urine cf-RNA for the differentiation between lung cancer patients and the control group. Results: Compare to the normal group (50.50±4.527ng), the urinary cf-RNA content in patients (133.8±8.615ng) was significantly increased, p<0.05. The expression of urinary lunx mRNA level from patients was raised, p<0.05. ROC curve analysis showed that, in the diagnosis, AUC value of lunx mRNA was 0.83(95% CI, 0.747-0.906), p<0.05. Conclusion: The expression of urine cf-RNA and Lunx mRNA was elevated, and can be used as a potential molecular diagnostic tool for lung cancer. Keywords: Urine, Lung Cancer, cf-RNA, Diagnosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018081782 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1782 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1782 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091782.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nyamador Wolali Seth Author-Name: Tounou Agbéko Kodjo Author-Name: Bakouma Batossa Emmanuel Author-Name: Agboka Komi Title: Determination of the Critical Period of Phytosanitary Treatment against Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Pests in Southern Togo Abstract: Economically efficient and environmentally friendly technology is essential for sustainable agricultural production. To optimize cowpea production through an economically profitable and environmentally friendly phytosanitary treatment technology, trials were conducted in a station based on Acarius 18 EC at a rate of 1 liter/ha against the main cowpea insect pests. A complete randomized block device with three replications of four objects each with two sub-trials: an early competition (EC) sub-trial and a late competition (LC) sub-trial were adopted. Seed yield and the critical period for phytosanitary treatment have been determined. The best yields were obtained on objects that received the first treatment 28 days after sowing (DAS) (2.13 t/ha on average) for EC and on objects that received the last treatment 42 DAS (2.23 t/ha on average) for LC. Under the conditions of our study, the critical period of phytosanitary treatment against cowpea pests (VITOCO) for optimum yield is then between 28 and 42 DAS. Keywords: Cowpea Pests, Early Competition, Late Competition, Critical Treatment Period Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-13 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018081783 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1783 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1783 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:4-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. A. Adewumi Author-Name: O. M. Odeyemi Title: Evaluation of Bambara Nut (Vigna subterranea) as Feed Ingredient in the Diet of the Catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Abstract: A 56-day (eight weeks) experimental trial was carried out in the laboratory to evaluate the effect of using Bambara nut, as protein source in the diet, on the growth performance and nutrient utilization of the catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The trial diets were formulated by replacing fishmeal with 0%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% Bambara groundnut meal (BGM) in diets tagged diets Q (control diet), A, B, C and D respectively. At the end of the study, The Mean weight gain (MWG), Daily weight gain (DWG), percentage weight gain (PWG of the fish fed diet D were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of the other trial diets A, B and C but not significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed the control diet. The protein efficiency ratios (PER) were not significantly different (P=0.05) from one another. The apparent net protein utilization (ANPU) were significantly different (P<0.05) from one another, with diet A recording the least. The SGR of the various fish were not significantly different (P>0.05) from one another. However, the SGR of the fish fed diet D (0.89) was higher than those of the other trial diets, but lower than that of the control (0.91). The food conversion ratio of the fish fed diet D (7.49) was significantly lower (P>0.05) than those of the other diet, except the control diet. The findings showed that Bambara groundnut meal was accepted and digested by the experimental fish as the conventional fish meal. Conclusively, it can be inferred from this study that Bambara groundnut has the potential to be used as a protein source and can replace and elicit good growth in fish as the conventional fishmeal. Keywords: Growth, Catfish, Legume, Alternative, Bambara Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018081784 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1784 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1784 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091784.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:14-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Stefanos Armakolas Author-Name: Christos Panagiotakopoulos Author-Name: Foteini Magkaki Title: Interaction and Effectiveness - Theoretical Approaches in a Teleconference Environment Abstract: As 21st century learners, teleconferencing is a tool for modern tele-learning which allows learners and trainers who are at two or more remote locations not only to exchange views or to share data but to actively participate in a dynamic interactive environment, the main feature of which is the collaborative building of knowledge from a distance, in real time. Teleconferencing is a tool that can help provide quality teaching and learning. It creates opportunities for cooperative learning processes with interaction while incorporating all its functions. The purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical approaches of efficacy as they can be used with the concepts of interaction and efficiency in the contemporary teleconferencing environment. Keywords: Interaction, Effectiveness, Teleconference Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-26 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018091785 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1785 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1785 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091785.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:21-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xue-ping Yin Author-Name: Fei-fei Guo Author-Name: Xiang-rong Sun Author-Name: Luo Xu Title: Effects of Muscle Inositol on Fasting Blood Glucose in Patients with type 2 Diabetes, Blood Glucose 2 h after Meal, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of muscle inositol on fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial 2 h blood glucose (2 h PG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Ninety patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into observation group and control group, 45 cases each. In the observation group, muscle myo-inositol was added to the conventional treatment of diabetes, and the control group was treated with conventional diabetes. The clinical efficacy of FBG in 2 groups was compared between the two groups. The proportion of adverse reactions in the two groups was compared. The changes of FBG, 2 h PG, HbAlc, adiponectin and serum inflammatory factors were compared before and after treatment. Results: The effective rate of FBG and 2 h PG in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of patients with adverse reactions in the two groups (P > O.05). After treatment, 2 The FBG, 2 h PG and HbAlc were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the FBG, 2 h PG and HbAlC decreased significantly in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The level was significantly higher than that before treatment. The indexes of serum inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower than those before treatment. The increase of adiponectin and the decrease of serum inflammatory factor index in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Muscle inositol is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, which can reduce serum inflammatory factors, FBG, 2 hPG and HbAlc. Keywords: Myo-inositol, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Fasting Blood Glucose, Postprandial, 2 H Blood Sugar, Glycated Hemoglobintype Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018091786 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1786 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1786 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rui-mei Xue Author-Name: Mi Wang Author-Name: Hui Leng Author-Name: Xiang-rong Sun Author-Name: Luo Xu Title: Effects of Nesfatin-1 on the Metabolism of Glycolipids in the Lateral Ventricle of Rats and its Relationship with the Expression of AMPK in Hypothalamus Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of lateral ventricle injection inhibitor nesfatin-1 on glycolipid metabolism and its relationship with hypothalamic AMPK expression. Methods: Nesfatin-1 was injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat by the brain stereotactic technique (nesfatin-1 group), and the sham operation group was injected with an equal volume of artificial cerebrospinal fluid and the control group had no interference factor. The rats were kept for 4 weeks and an automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect blood sugar and blood lipid levels. The expression of AMPK mRNA in rat hypothalamus was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of AMPKα and phosphorylated AMPKα (pAMPKα) in the rat hypothalamus was detected by Western blot. Results: (1)According to the results of biochemical tests, compared to the control group, the level of FPG and TG in experimental group were significantly decreased (P <0.05), while the level of TC,HDL and LDL were not significant change (P >0.05); (2)According to the results of RT-PCR and Western blotting, compared to control group, the expression of AMPK mRNA and protein level in experimental group were significantly lower (P <0.05) and shown no significant difference (P >0.05) with sham-operated group. Conclusion Nesfatin-1 may play an important role in the process of neuroregulation on glucolipid metabolism, the mechanism may be related to the AMPK expression level of hypothalamus. Keywords: Nesfatin-1, Glycolipid Metabolism, AMP-Activated Protein kinase, Hypothalamus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-7 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018091787 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1787 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1787 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:4-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdalwali A. Saif Author-Name: Mahmood M. Alburyhi Author-Name: Maged Alwan Noman Title: Formulation and Evaluation of Ketoprofen Fast Dissolving Tablets Abstract: Pharmaceutical manufacturing has largely grown in recent years. This and many other factors have led to the ability of manipulating pharmaceutical dosage forms and routes of administration. One example of such unique dosage forms is Fast Dissolving Tablets (FDTs), which are solid dosage forms intended to be dissolved in mouth in a relatively short time, ranging from a few seconds to up to 3 minutes. In this research, ketoprofen was chosen to be the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a fast dissolving tablets formulation, being a model of non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ketoprofen is widely used as an analgesic, and being so, the faster the effect, the better the dosage form. Therefore solid preparation of Ketoprofen with superdisintegrants like Croscarmellose sodium, and/or Crospovidone in different ratios were prepared with a view to increase its effect by decreasing the time required for the drug to be released. The ingredients of the formulation were tested for incompatibles by using IR method; all ingredients were compatible. Ketoprofen and the excipients were mixed together and submitted to pre-formulation tests. The powders were then compressed into tablets by direct compression method. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, wetting time and in-vitro drug release which tested in comparing with Profenid®. Ketoprofen FDTs prepared showed better results than Profenid® depending on dissolution test. Formula no.5 and no.10 showed the best disintegration times of 30 seconds, and maximum drug release from Formula No 3, 4, 5, 10 about 98% in 2 minutes. Keywords: Fast Dissolving Tablets, Ketoprofen, Superdisintegrants, Direct Compression Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-39 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018091789 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1789 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1789 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091789.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:27-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gallab Bander Alotaibi Author-Name: Ibrahim Mohamed Aref Title: Germination Assessment for Five Species of Acacia in Jibala, Saudi Arabia Abstract: Most Acacia species have a hard seed coat and therefore have become more resistant to unsuitable environmental conditions. The study aimed to assess the effects of different treatments on seed germination collected from five species of Acacia in Jibala, Al-Dawadmy, a city located in the Riyadh region of Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the highest germination percentage was 90.8%, with scarification treatment, while the lowest germination percentage was 30.9%, utilising a boiling treatment lasting seven minutes. Among the studied species, the seeds of A. ehrenbergiana produced the highest percentage of germination and the lowest germination time average among the studied species, while the lowest germination percentage and the highest germination time averages were found in A. nubica. Concluding, this study proved that scarification was the most effective technique for increasing germination rates, compared to other treatments. Keywords: Acacia Species, Scarification, Boiling, Treatment, Socking, Germination Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-51 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018091797 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1797 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1797 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091797.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:40-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Morufu Adisa Ademoye Author-Name: Labunmi Lajide Author-Name: Bodunde Joseph Owolabi Title: Phytochemical and Antioxidants Screening of Chrysophyllum albidum, Mezoneuron benthamianum, Phyllanthus muellerianus and Acalypha fimbriata Abstract: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of Chrysophyllum albidum, Mezoneuron benthamianum, Phyllanthus muellerianus and Acalypha fimbriata. All the four plants contained alkaloids, tannin and flavonoids. Steroids and anthraquinone were present in C. albidum, M. benthamianum, A. fimbriata. Saponin was present in C. albidum, M. benthamianum and P. muellerianus. Terpenoids were found in C. albidum and A. fimbriata. Cardiac glycosides was present in C. albidum, P. muellerianus and A. fimbriata. The antioxidant activities of the plants were evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging activity and Reducing power activity. Chrysophyllum albidum had the lowest calculated IC50 for DPPH and NO assessment, 0.913 mg/ml and 117.818 µg/ml respectively. C. albidum also showed the highest value of total antioxidant capacity, 70.36. Acalypha fimbriata had the lowest IC50 for Reducing power potential,11.007 µg/ml but a total antioxidant capacity of 48.9. The Iron II chelation ability of the plants were dose dependent with Acalypha fimbriata showing the closest potential to the standard EDTA and Chrysophyllum albidum showing the least potential. The research has shown that the phytoconstituents and the antioxidant properties of these medicinal plants would be responsible for the therapeutic claims of the plants. Keywords: Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Chelation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-18 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018091803 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1803 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1803 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:8-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Li Qi jun Title: TG could Modulate FPN1 in MES 23.5 Cells by Hepcidin Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of thapsigargin (TG) on ferroportin1 (FPN1) in MES23.5 dopaminergic cell. Methods MES23.5 cells were treated with TG (0.1 μM or 1 μM) for 24h. the mRNA levels of hepcidin were measured using real-time PCR; The protein levels of CHOP, XBP-1s and FPN1 were measured using western blots. Results CHOP and XBP-1s expression was significantly higher in the TG-treated group than that in the control group; hepcidin mRNA levels in TG-treated group were up-regulated, this increase was to a larger extent in the 1 μM TG group when compare with the 0.1 μM TG group; however, FPN1 expression was significantly lower in the TG-treated group, this decrease was to a larger extent in the 1 μM TG group when compare with the 0.1 μM TG group. Conclusion TG could modulate FPN1 in MES23.5 cells by hepcidin. Keywords: Parkinson’s Disease, MES23.5 Cells, ER Stress, Hepcidin, FPN1 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-55 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018091805 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1805 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1805 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091805.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:52-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ting Liu Author-Name: Miao Yu Author-Name: Dongmeng Qian Author-Name: Ming Hu Author-Name: Bin Wang Title: Effect of HCMV IE86 on the Expression of p21 in Malignant Glioma Cells Abstract: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can induce malignant transformation of tumor cells and inhibit tumor cell apoptosis, but whether the key immediate regulatory protein IE86 encoded by HCMV plays a key role in this process remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of IE86 on p21 expression of glioblastoma cells in genetically modified glioblastoma mice. The expression of IE86 in genetically modified mice was identified by PCR. Transgenic mice were tumor-bearing by glioma cell line GL261. The expression of p21 protein was detected by Western blot. The results showed that the IE86 gene-modified mouse model was successfully constructed. Compared with the IE86-negative group, the expression level of p21 was decreased in the IE86-positive group. The above results indicate that IE86 is continuously expressed in genetically modified mice, but the indicator p21 of p53 transcriptional activity is downregulated, and this suggests that IE86 can increase the anti-apoptotic ability of malignant glioma cells. Keywords: Human cytomegalovirus, Transgenic Mice, IE86, p21 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091806 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1806 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1806 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101806.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chan-Yong Kim Author-Name: Kil-Su Jang Author-Name: Oh-Hun Kwon Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Wine Prepared with Peppers Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of wine prepared with hot pepper. The pepper wine samples were divided into three groups based on the types of peppers used. The three groups were divided into MW (ordinary wine containing no added pepper), GW (green pepper wine prepared with green pepper) and RW (red pepper wine prepared with red pepper) sample. The wine samples prepared from the green and red peppers differed in general compositions (alcohol concentration, pH, titratable acidity and reducing sugar), Hunter's color values, total phenol and flavonoids contents, and sensory characteristics. The alcohol concentrations of GW (12.4% v/v) and RW (12.6% v/v) samples contained more than that of MW (11.6% v/v). The values of GW and RW samples were not significantly different (p<0.05). Titratable acidity (TA) value of pepper wine samples (GW and RW) were significantly low (p<0.05) as compared to MW sample. The lower values of reducing sugar were observed for GW (157.23 mg/L) and RW (160.12 mg/L). GW possessed the highest value for lightness (93.00) and RW for yellowness (39.53). The total phenolic contents of pepper wine (100.31 for GW and 111.23 for RW) were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that of the control (200.31). MW (116.40 mg/L) had the highest flavonoid content, followed by RW (84.53 mg/L) and GW (80.82 mg/L). Flavor values of pepper wine varieties were not significantly different (p<0.05). The overall acceptability of MW and RW wine samples were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of the GW (3.0). Keywords: Green Pepper, Red Pepper, Wine, Quality Characteristics, Antioxidant Potential Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-9 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091807 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1807 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1807 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101807.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:5-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shahid Ali jakhrani Author-Name: Mushtaque Ali Author-Name: Farkhanda Zaman Dayo Author-Name: Sahrish Fareed Memon Author-Name: Khan Mohammad Malik Author-Name: Muhammad Qasim Title: Monitoring of Elemental Contamination in Groundwater Samples of Sobhodero Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan Abstract: The aim of present study was to monitor arsenic and other trace and toxic elemental exposure in groundwater ofT aluka Sobhodero being most populous Taluka of District Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan. 333 groundwater samples were collected on the basis of Union Councils throughout Taluka Sobhodero. Among 333 samples, 90 were collected from tube well (90-TW) and 243 were collected from hand pump (243-HP) sources in the study area. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, AAS-100) was used for analysis of elemental concentrations but in case of arsenic analysis AAS coupled with mercury hydride generator MHS-15 was used in the laboratories of Institute of Chemistry, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, Pakistan. The concentrations of arsenic, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc were found in range of 19.5-58µgL-1, 85-260µgL-1, 209-412µgL-1, 01-19µgL-1, 06-14µgL-1 and 114-420µgL-1respectively in HP samples and8.6-36 µgL-1, 16-90 µgL-1, 45-100 µgL-1, 01-09 µgL-1, 03-08 µgL-1 and 22-111µgL-1 correspondingly in TW samples. The proposed maximum contamination limit (MCL) for As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn in drinking water was10, 2000,300,20, 100, and 3000µgL-1 respectively as specified by WHO. The comparative study indicated that groundwater samples collected from TW sources have shown lowest levels of As, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn as compared to HP samples possibly due to higher depths of the motor pumps. Keywords: Arsenic, Toxic metals, Drinking water, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-23 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091808 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1808 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1808 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101808.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:10-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liming YIN Author-Name: Sumin YANG Title: Clinical Comparison of Robot-Assisted and Conventional Thoracotomy with Mitral Valvuloplasty Abstract: Objective To compare the clinical therapeutic effects of robot-assisted and conventional thoracotomy with mitral valvuloplasty, and to further clarify the advantages and disadvantages of the Da Vinci robotic surgery system in cardiac surgery. Method A total of 116 patients with mitral valvuloplasty were enrolled from November 2014 to July 2018 in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, which included 38 cases of the robot-assisted mitral valvuloplasty and 78 cases of conventional thoracotomy with mitral valvuloplasty; the clinical treatment of the two patient groups was compared and analyzed. Result The surgical outcomes of the two groups were satisfactory and there were no deaths in the hospital. The operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time, and ascending aorta occlusion time were longer in the Da Vinci group than in the conventional group (P<0.05). Intensive care unit（ICU） time, tracheal intubation time, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative drainage and incidence of postoperative complications were lower in the Da Vinci group than in the conventional group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative cardiac ultrasound results between the Da Vinci group and the conventional group. (P>0.05). Conclusion Robotic technique can be safely and effectively be applied in mitral valvuloplasty, and can significantly shorten the ICU time, tracheal intubation time and postoperative hospital stay, also reduce postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative drainage, and incidence of postoperative complications. Robot-assisted surgery is a good choice for minimally invasive surgery, but its operation time, extracorporeal circulation time and ascending aorta occlusion time are longer than conventional surgery, and further improvement is needed. Keywords: Minimally Invasive Surgery, Computer-Aided Surgery, Thoracotomy, Mitral Valve Insufficiency Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-29 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091809 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1809 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1809 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101809.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:24-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhenlei Zhufu Title: Effects of Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) on Rab Family in SH-SY5Y Dopaminergic Cells Abstract: To examine the effects of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) on Rab family in SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells.Western blot was used to investigate Rab7,Rab11,Rab27a and Rab35 protein levels in SH-SY5Y dopaminegic cells with FAC for 4h and 12h.When SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 100 μmol/L or 1 mmol/L FAC for 4h and 12 h, Rab7, Rab11 and Rab27a protein levels was not significantly different from those of the control group.However, Rab35 protein was significantly up-regulated in SH-SY5Y cells with 1 mmol/L FACtreatment.Iron overloadupregulates Rab35 protein expressionin SH-SY5Y dopaminergic cells. Keywords: Iron, SH-SY5Y Cells, Rab Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-33 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091810 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1810 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1810 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101810.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:30-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Hashim Ibrahim Author-Name: Titilayo Oluwayemisi Bamidele Author-Name: Rasaq Bolakale Salau Author-Name: Francis Jide Faleye Author-Name: Benjamin Zobada Musa Title: Nutrient and Anti–Nutrient Composition of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn) Kernel and Pulp in the North East Nigeria Abstract: This study determines the proximate, mineral, amino acid and anti-nutritional compositions of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) kernel and pulp using standard analytical methods. The result showed that the contents of crude fat and protein in the kernel are higher than that of the pulp. The only minerals whose values ranged between 40.0 to 200 mg/100 g were P, Ca and Na for the kernel and pulp samples but values of other minerals (Mn, Fe, Zn, K, Cu and Mg) were below 10.00 mg/100 g on wet weight basis. Amino acid analysis of kernel and pulp showed concentrations of TAA (57.92 and 57.48 g/100 g crude protein), TEAA (27.10 and 19.04 g/100 g cp) and TNEAA (30.82 and 38.44 g/100 g cp). Arginine was the most concentrated EAA in both the kernel and pulp samples. Except for the alkaloid, the kernel sample contained higher concentrations of anti-nutritional factors than the pulp. Generally, Vitellaria paradoxa kernel and pulp contained nutritive minerals and sufficient proportions of EAAs however, supplementation of all the EAAs will be required in order to meet up with FAO/WHO dietary requirements. Also the high contents of some of their anti–nutrients may pose a nutritional problem in their consumption. Keywords: Vitellaria paradoxa, Kernel, Pulp, Proximate, Minerals, Amino Acids, Anti-Nutrients Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-66 Volume: 7 Issue: 09 Year: 2018 Month: September Number: V72018091811 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1811 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1811 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018091811.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:9:p:56-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: OUATTARA Généfol Author-Name: JOHNSON Félicia Author-Name: TUO Seydou Author-Name: SORO Sibirina Author-Name: Brice Sidoine Essis Author-Name: Doumbouya Mohamed Author-Name: Bomisso Edson Lezin Author-Name: Kone Daouda Title: Assessment of the Effect of Fungal Parasites and Callosobruchus maculatus Fab. on the Physiological and Biochemical Parameters of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Seeds in Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), is a legiminous plant grown in the tropical regions of Africa. It is used in food and feed because of its high protein content. However, its storage and preservation are affected by numerous abiotic and biotic constraints including fungi and insects. This work was initiated with the aim of sanitary analyzing, physiological and biochemical state of Cowpea seeds, in order to seek and remove the constraints related to their viability. Purity, contamination and germination tests were carried out. Different culture media (PDA and blotting paper) were used for the tests. Seed viability by area of attack by Callosobruchus maculatus, main pest of Cowpea stocks, was also tested. The biochemical compounds of the seeds were assayed. The results indicated that the purity of the Cowpea seeds collected from the different markets of Abidjan was satisfactory overall, with a rate of more than 95% recorded. In contrast, the seeds were susceptible to attacks by fungal microorganisms and insects. Thus, two fungi were isolated and purified. Macrophomina phaseoli species roved to be harmful to Cowpea seeds stored. These fungi prevent seed germination and degrade their biochemical compounds. Also, perforation of seeds at the hilum by Callosobruchus maculatus also prevents germination. Macrophomina phaseoli and Callosobruchus maculatus are real constraints of Cowpea during storage. Keywords: Cowpea, Germination, Macrophomina phaseoli, Callosobruchus maculatus, Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-46 Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Year: 2018 Month: October Number: V72018091812 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1812 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1812 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018101812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:10:p:34-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Innocent A. Edagha Author-Name: Itoro F. Usoh Author-Name: Henry D. Akpan Author-Name: Harrison C. Timothy Title: Hepato-Renal Toxicity Following Administration of Hippocratea africana Ethanolic Leaf Extract Abstract: Hippocratea africana (HA) extract has been widely reported for its anti-plasmodial and antioxidant activites. This study was designed to investigate the plants’ ethanolic leaf extract on the liver and renal functions, and histology in experimental animal model. Fifteen female adult Wistar rats weighing 150 - 160 g were divided into 3 groups (A - C) of 5 rats each. Group A, the normal control received distilled water 4 ml/ kg body weight, groups B and C received HA extract (524.4 and 786.6 mg/kg body weights respectively); representing 20% and 30% of LD50 which was 2622.2 mg/kg body weight. Extract administration was by orogavage for 28 days, and serum was collected for renal and kidney function tests using standard procedures. Liver and kidney were excised, fixed in 10% formal saline, processed and stained with H&E, and Masson’s trichrome stains for light microscopy. Signs of behavioural toxicity or mortality were not observed during the experiment, however, mild to moderate morphological alterations were demonstrated in both the liver and kidney of test animals with the widening of the urinary space, atrophy of the glomerulus, foci hyperplasia, and tubular swelling of the kidney in groups B and C animals, and this was corroborated in the liver, where there was mild to moderate widening of sinusoidal spaces with some presence of fatty changes. The liver function test indicated increasing serum enzymes of which alkaline phosphatase was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in groups B and C, whereas renal function test were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in these groups particularly of serum creatinine and urea. In conclusion, increasing doses and duration of HA administration may lead to severe hepato-renal complications. Keywords: Hippocratea africana, Liver and Kidney, Histology Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018101819 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1819 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1819 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121819.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elenwo E. I. Title: Risk and Vulnerability of Settlements along Transmission Pipelines in Ogun and Lagos States, Nigeria Abstract: Nigeria is a major oil and gas producer and exporter. One of the modes of transportation of these products both locally and internationally is via pipelines transmissions. The increase in demand for settlement spaces has caused more and more persons to seek refuge along pipeline right of ways. Available statistics has shown that pipeline right of ways has remained a danger zone because the physical environment of an impacted area leaves evidences of degradation on the soil, vegetation and loss of lives and property. This research examined the risk and Vulnerability of settlements along the transmission pipelines of Ogun and Lagos States Nigeria. The method of study includes the primary and secondary sources of data collections. The statistical tool used is the factor analysis and vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability assessment considered the loss of lives from explosions or fire breaks resulting from the vandalization of pipelines as well as the vulnerability of the facility or settlements to these hazards. The factor analysis showed 78.1 percent total variance of seven principal factors with eigen values greater or equal to unity. Hypothesis tested accepted alternate, while row scores showed (-19.273) for pair one, (-52.134) for pair two and (-41.273) for pair three, all exceeds the value of‘t’ indicated in the table. Vulnerability assessment also shows that the attractiveness of the facility as a target by pipeline vandals makes the settlements very vulnerable and the level of deterrence or defense provided by government or pipeline owners were not adequate to counter measures adopted by the vandals. The research recommends aggressive public enlightenment on dangers settlement along pipelines are exposed to and the weaknesses of enforcement of relevant laws by government. The study advocates the implementation of the laws on allowable minimum distance between transmission pipelines and facilities or structures such as buildings etc. Keywords: Risk, Vulnerability, Settlements, Transmission, Pipelines Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-24 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018101822 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1822 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1822 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011822.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:11-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elenwo E. I. Author-Name: G. U. Ebe Title: Carbon Monoxide Emissions Effects from Power Generating Plants on Residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria Abstract: The study examined carbon monoxide emissions from power generating plants on the residents of Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study combined both cross sectional and experimental research methods to accomplish the stated objectives. Measurement were taken using Madur-portable gas analyser, aeroqual gas monitor and questionnaires to measure the point source emissions, ambient CO and the perceptions of the residents on power generating sets respectively. Data analysis utilized (descriptive and inferential) statistical analysis .The study found out that the density of power generating plants in some part of the study area emit larger amount of CO to the ambient air and increases the concentrations above recommended limit as observed in some communities such as UniPort, University of Education, Elekahia and Rumuagholu with the concentrations at about 45.70ppm, 34.33ppm, 16.62ppm and 14.22ppm respectively. The concentrations when compared was above the epidemiological standard baseline of 10-20ppm.. The study found that, there was statistically significant different in the ambient CO concentrations in the various communities (calculated value 3.376> table value 2.080 at 95% significance level) and that there was no relationship between the point source emissions and the ambient CO concentrations (calculated value 0.536< table value 2.086 at 95% significance level). The research recommends that other studies should be carried out directly on human impact by measuring blood samples for CO concentrations in the study area. Also, government should mobilize enlightenment programmes on the menace Co inhalation and its preventive measures. Homes should install CO detector that triggers off alarm when concentrations exceed threshold levels. Keywords: Carbon monoxide, Emissions, Effects, Residents, Port Harcourt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-36 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018101823 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1823 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1823 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011823.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:25-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Benard O. Muok Title: Community Based Solar PV Distribution Model in Eastern Kenya: Success Factors and Challenges Abstract: Access to clean ad reliable energy remains a fundamental bottleneck to the achievement of sustainable development goals in sub-Sahara Africa. In the past few years, solar energy has emerged as one of the most viable options to enhance energy access, especially in the rural areas where grid extension may not be economically feasible. This realisation has seen many governments and development partners focusing attention of promotion of solar energy. Kenya is recorded as country with one of the fasted growing solar market among the developing countries. Despite this achievement, there are a number of challenges facing solar market in Kenya. One of such challenges include identification appropriate distribution/business model. Different development agents employ different distribution models. One such model is the central charging centres. These centres operate on a rental system where portable solar lanterns are rented to household at a fee and the households have to drop and pick the lanterns either on daily basis or whenever the battery is discharged. Such centres was established at Ikisaya market in Kitui County by University of Oslo in collaboration with the Energy Resource Institute (TERI), African Centre for Technology Studies and other local partners. There years after the establishment, a study was carried out to determine the level of adoption of solar technology and identify the success factors and challenges. The study revealed that the centre has played a big role in introducing solar technology to a community who has predominantly been using kerosene candles. The main success factors were identified as the cost of technology, which was perceived to be lower than the alternative, ease of operation and ease of access of the technology. On the flip side governance issues remain a challenge to long tern sustainability. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-29 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018101826 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1826 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1826 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111826.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:19-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Houxin Zhu Author-Name: Lin Sun Author-Name: Tuo Shi Title: The Influence of Perineural Invation on the Prognosis of Patients with Gastric Cancer after Radical Operation _A Retrospective Study Abstract: Objective to investigate the influence of perineural invation (PNI) on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer after radical resection. Method: we collected 278 patients in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with gastric cancer after radical operation and to analysis. The specimens of gastric cancer were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), when the tumor cells were infiltrated the membrane or the nerve bundles, it would be defined as PNI positive. To analyzed the relationship between PNI and other clinic-pathological features and the influence of prognosis. Results: The 5-year overall survival of the patients with PNI were lower than those of the patients with negative perineural infiltration (26.45% vs 43.72%, P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that PNI was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of the patients (p = 0.023, HR = 0.182, 95CI: 0.042 - 0.793). The rate of PNI was 30.57% (85/278). PNI positive was related to TNM stage, tumor differentiation, vascular and lymphatic invasion and Lauren classification (p < 0.05)., but the size of tumor, the location of tumor and Borrmann classification were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: patients with PNI positive with lower rate of survival. PNI positive is related to the progression of gastric cancer. Keywords: Gastric Cancer, Perineural Infiltration, Radical Operation, Prognosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-34 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018111827 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1827 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1827 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111827.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:30-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Miao Yu Author-Name: Ting Liu Author-Name: Ming Hu Author-Name: Bin Wang Author-Name: Dongmeng Qian Title: Effect of ATF5 in Mice Transfected with Human Cytomegalovirus IE2 Gene Abstract: To investigate the qualitative and quantitative detection of ATF5 activated transcription factors in tumor tissue by using the method of transfecting IE2 mouse tumor to explore the effect of HCMV immediate early protein IE86 on ATF5 function. Transfected mice were treated with GL261 mouse glioma cells. The expression of transcription factor ATF5 in the tumor tissues of tumor-bearing mice was detected by PCR and Western-blotting methods. The experimental results showed that the expression of ATF5 was higher in IE2 transgenic mice than in normal mice. ATF5 is highly expressed in IE2 transgenic mice. ATF5 is a transcription factor closely related to apoptosis and plays an important role in apoptosis, differentiation and development. Keywords: Human Cytomegalovirus, IE86, Mouse Glioma Cell, ATF5 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-38 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018111829 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1829 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1829 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111829.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:35-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mun-Gyeong Cho Author-Name: Ji-Hyeong Cho Author-Name: Mun-yeong Lee Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Color, Tannin Content, and Antioxidant Potential of Dried Persimmon Fruits Prepared after Different Pretreatments Abstract: Persimmon fruits are considered as one of the health promoting fruits and have long been considered as one of the major fruits in Korea. Drying is one of the most famous fruit processing techniques. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on the color, tannin content, and antioxidant potential of dried persimmon fruit. Hunter’s color value of ST (dried persimmon prepared by soaking the fruits into 5% salt solution containing 1% citric acid for 1 min at 65°C) was significantly reduced. Although the tannin content of RB (dried persimmon prepared by spraying rice bran extracts (in 98% ethanol) and 1% citric acid for 2 min at 20°C) was significantly low, the DPPH free radical scavenging potential was high at the end of drying process. The significant differences in the parameters indicated that the color value, tannin content, and antioxidant potential of dried persimmon could be remarkably affected by the pretreatment methods. Keywords: Antioxidant, Color Value, Drying, Pretreatment, Tannin Content Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-43 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018111837 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1837 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1837 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111837.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:39-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: E. O. Ogumo Author-Name: C. N. Kunyanga Author-Name: M. W. Okoth Author-Name: J. W. Kimenju Title: Correlation between Time of Harvesting and Duration before Cooling on the Microbial Quality of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Abstract: French bean is a major export crop from Kenya into United Kingdom and Europe. It is usually consumed cooked. Food safety is one of the most important factors that influence success of fresh produce export. Microbial contamination is one of the food safety concerns in fresh produce industry. This study focused on understanding the correlation between harvesting time and duration before cooling on the microbial quality of French beans. To assess the microbial quality of French beans, samples of French beans were harvested at different times of the day, 7am, 9am, 11am , 1pm and 3pm. The harvested beans were then held in the produce shed before start of cooling for various durations; 0 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. The samples were later graded and packed in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) bags. The samples were analyzed following standard plate technique to determine the microbial qualities of French bean samples. Total viable counts (TVC) in these samples showed mean values ranging from 0.7 to 3.3×105 CFUs g-1 for total Enterobacteriacea, Listeria monocytogenes, moulds and Staphylococcus aureus. Of the microorganisms isolated, Enterobacteriacea (71.6%) was the highest, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (20.9%), Moulds (7.2%) and Listeria monocytogenes at 0.3%. The harvesting time and duration before cooling had significant effect on population of microorganisms with those harvested early in the morning having the highest population. The high presence of microbial load in samples harvested early morning can be attributed to poor personal hygiene of the food handlers and excessive leaf wetness in the morning. There is need to do further research on the effect of solar radiation on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes, it was evident that the Listeria population decreased significantly with every delay in harvesting, which could also be attributed to dry leaf and pod surfaces. French bean contamination in the field may result from various sources, ranging from soil, irrigation water, contaminated harvesting tools and equipment and contamination from harvesters and food handlers. It is therefore important to know the possible sources of contamination and put in place measure to eliminate or reduce contamination. Hygiene practices like hand washing after using the toilet, before handling produce and avoiding touching of face, skin and nose can be useful in reducing contamination from food handlers. Use of gloves to protect hands during harvesting is necessary to reduce contamination. Keywords: Harvesting time, Duration before cooling, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Microbial quality, Totall Viable Count, Enterobacteriaceae, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Food Safety, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-15 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018111840 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1840 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1840 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121840.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:8-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Usang Akedor Author-Name: Ekeng Ita Author-Name: Boniface Ati Author-Name: Victoria Okon Author-Name: Michael Adegbenro Title: Public Health Implication of Shared Toys Amongst Children Age 1-5 Years Attending Crech and Nursery Schools within the Cross River State Region. A Case Study in Calabar Metropolis Abstract: A fundamental aspect of child growth is playfare hence toys come in handy. Cognitive development in children is largely a product of quality engagement at playtime (Alfred, 2015). The ability of microbes to colonize the hands and in extension everything or object it contacts is legendary (Usang,2013). Twenty toys commonly used by children were sampled from ten (10) nursery and Creche Schools in Calabar Metropolis. Toys from four (4) schools were found to harbor pathogenic microbes suggesting their potency as vehicles of disease transmission disease causing microbes isolated range between bacteria and fungi amongst which are Escherichia Coli; Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus Spp, and Candida Albicans. The study has established the ability of toys to convey disease causing microbes, if healthy sanitary conditions are not regularly maintained, hence the recommendations for the need for proper hygiene among school children and children handlers or teachers teaching of regular handwashing protocol to children of school growing age and regular sanitization of hand held toys amongst others. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 37-42 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018111842 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1842 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1842 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011842.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:37-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rong’an Hao Author-Name: Yu An Author-Name: Kun Yuan Title: Study on the Expression of PCNA in Hypertrophic Scar Cell Model Abstract: Objective Study the expression of PCNA under different mechanical tension on the transformation of normal skin fibroblasts (NSFB) to hypertrophic scar fibroblasts(HSFB). Methods NSFB and HSFB were divided into the stretch group and the control group. Stretch groups were loaded with 0.1Hz, 10% amplitude cyclic stretch for 3, 5 and 7 days respectively. Control group were cultured without cyclic stretch. At the end of experiments, cell proliferation was determined by CCK8, immunocytochemistry（ICC）of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Results When loaded for 5 days with amplitude cyclic stretch, compared with HSFB control group, expression levels of PCNA of the NSFB stretch group were no significant differences (P>0.05); while loaded for 3 days or 7 days, the above indexes showed significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion The effect of mechanical tension for 5 days is the best time, which can induce normal skin fibroblasts to show some biochemical characteristics of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-47 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018111844 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1844 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1844 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111844.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:44-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mun-Gyeong Cho Author-Name: Ji-Hyeong Cho Author-Name: Eun-Mi Park Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Quality Characteristics of Dried Persimmon Prepared By Different Pretreatments Abstract: Persimmon is one of the widely cultivated fruits in Korea, China, and Japan. The fruits of persimmon contain various phytochemicals which have health promoting effects. Drying is one of the most oldest and famous fruit processing techniques. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on moisture content, soluble solid content, and firmness of dried persimmon fruit. The moisture content of HCT (dried persimmon prepared by soaking in 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite for 1 min at 20°C) and ACT (dried persimmon prepared by soaking into 1% N-acetylcysteine for 1 min at 20°C) followed by STT (dried persimmon prepared by soaking the fruits into 5% salt solution containing 1% citric acid for 1 min at 65°C) showed the significantly low moisture content on 6 days of drying. The soluble solid content of HCT and MST (dried persimmon prepared by soaking into 0.5% sodium metabisulfite for 1 min at 20°C) was significantly low at 6 DAD compared to the other treatments. Similarly, the firmness of ACT showed a high value on day 6. The firmness of HCT was significantly low as in the control followed by MST on day 6. The results indicated that fruit pretreatment by soaking in 50 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution could be a good option to enhance the quality characteristics of dried persimmon fruits. Keywords: Dried Persimmon, Firmness, Moisture Content, Pretreatment, Soluble Solid Content Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-52 Volume: 7 Issue: 11 Year: 2018 Month: November Number: V72018111846 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1846 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1846 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018111846.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:11:p:48-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Farzana Yasmin Author-Name: Hasina Akhter Simol Author-Name: Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana Title: Heavy and Trace Elements in Some Varieties of Rice Consumed in Dhaka City of Bangladesh Abstract: Rice is the major staple food for Bangladeshi people for which it is urgent to determine the metal nutritional status as well toxicity of rice available in the local market. Therefore, the content of trace elements and heavy metals such as; Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Cobalt (Co), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) were analyzed in rice samples purchased from the major markets in Dhaka City using Atomic Absorption Flame Spectrometry (AAFS). Microwave assisted digestion method was used for sample preparation to determine trace and heavy metals. The metals detected in rice samples ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 mg/kg of Cu, 3.63 to 82.38 mg/kg of Zn, 1.13 to 14.38 mg/kg of Fe 1.63 to 12.50 mg/kg of Mn, and 0 to 2.0 mg/kg of Ni. Whereas, the concentration of Pb and Cd were within < 0.05mg/Kg. Overall, the present study reveals that the levels of the trace elements were generally below permissible limits. However, Fe was found to be higher in some samples. Thus it is apparent that the metal concentration in rice of Dhaka is within the safety limit of consumption. Keywords: Processed Rice, Heavy Metals, Trace Elements, Dhaka City and AAFS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-47 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018111847 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1847 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1847 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011847.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:43-47 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Channya F. K. Author-Name: Asama P. Title: Control of Fungal Pathogens of Postharvest Rot of Groundnut (Arachys hypogea L.) using Aqueous and Ethanol Root Extracts of Mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State Nigeria Abstract: Fungi are associated with heavy losses of seeds, fruits, grains, vegetables, and other plant products in transit and storage rendering them unfit for human consumption. The effect of synthetic fungicides on humans is hazardous, hence the need to find a safer means of control. A research was conducted in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State of Nigeria (the most prominent groundnut farming community in the state). The following molds were associated with postharvest groundnut rot in the seven districts of Hong local government area in July 2016: Aspergillus niger, Aspergilus flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Pseudallescheria boydii, Cylindrocarpon lichenicola, and Scedosaporium prolificans. Therefore, the research sought to assess the management of rot using plant extracts of mahogany. Control trials were carried out using the extracts of root of mahogany. The growth of pathogens both in-vitro and in-vivo was significantly reduced by the plant extracts. Aqueous root and ethanol extracts reduced mycelial growth from 72.67 mm to 21.00 mm and 20.50 mm respectively (in-vitro) and from 55.00 mm to 23.45 mm by aqueous extracts and 15.92 mm by ethanol extracts for in-vivo control, thus, mahogany aqueous and ethanol root extracts have been found effective against these pathogens, hence, root is recommended for further research in other to formulate a control strategy for these pathogens. Keywords: Control, Groundnut, Fungi, Mahogany Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 48-54 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018111851 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1851 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1851 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011851.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:48-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jahidul Hasan Author-Name: Ruhul Hassan Joarder Author-Name: Raihan Rabbani Author-Name: Sitesh C Bachar Title: Early Event Detection and Discontinuation of the Culprit Drug Increases the Rate of Survival in Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions: A Multi-Center Study in Bangladesh Abstract: Adverse drug reactions are completely unwanted drug reactions derived from self-medications and among those unpleasant reactions, severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions like, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustolosis and Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, are mostly life threatening harms, globally. The main objective of this study was to find out the impact of early detection of the adverse drug events and consequently prompt withdrawn of the suspected culprit drugs in the ultimate survival rate among the patients experienced with these types of unwelcome life threatening events in Bangladesh. Here, we found that antibiotics were accounted for most adverse drug reactions (81.13%, n=53) including serious reactions. This study also showed that if the adverse drug event is possibly detected with in the first 48 hours then, 72.73% (n=11) patients were survived from severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions, where as if delayed than 48 hours, only 20% (n=5) patients were survived. Similarly, 77.77% (n=9) patients were survived after the proper treatment when suspected culprit drugs were discontinued within first 48 hours and late discontinuation resulted in only 28.57% (n=7) survival rate among these patients. So, prompt response through early event-detection and discontinuation of the culprit drug, to a serious cutaneous adverse drug reaction can tremendously save life by providing early necessary management and required treatment. Keywords: Adverse Drug Event, Severe Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions, Antibiotics, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-59 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121853 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1853 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1853 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011853.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:55-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Trigo M. S. Author-Name: María Gabriela Muro Author-Name: A. C. Cattáneo Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: María Elena Cossú Author-Name: A. G. Antonini Title: Evaluation of Feather Meal in the Diet of Growing Rabbits Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an alternative protein source (hydrolyzed feather meal vs meat meal) and two levels (high:170 g and low:140 g CP) on performance and carcass quality traits in rabbits. One hundred twenty eight New Zealand x Californian rabbits were used, weaned at 28 days of age. The experimental design was a 2x2 factorial arrangement: two sources of animal protein (Control: MM and alternative: FM) and two levels of crude protein (CP: 17% and 14%). The digestibility of diets was evaluated based on 10 animals per treatment (between 49 and 56 days of age), using cages provided with individual faeces collectors. Daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), dry matter digestibility (DMD), feed cost per rabbit and feed cost per kg of meat produced, were recorded. Forty animals (10 for each treatment) were slaughtered at 75 days of age, following the standard procedures of rabbit slaughter. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, GLM, SAS. The protein level of diet significantly influenced weights at 61 days, DMD, FCR and at slaughter, percentage of gastro-intestinal tract, weight of the stomach (full and empty), weight of the full caecum, hot carcass weight and carcass yield. The source of protein significantly influenced feed consumption, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and feed cost per rabbit. Although the inclusion of FM in the diet did not generally affect performance traits, it did affect performance on the protein-restricted diets. The inclusion of feather meal in the diet appears to be the subject of the cost of this by-product when diet is formulated. Keywords: Rabbits, Alternative Protein Source, Protein level, Performance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-20 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121855 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1855 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1855 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121855.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:16-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seca Gandaseca Author-Name: Albert Empawi Tindit Author-Name: Ahmad Mustapha Muhamad Pazi Author-Name: Laurna Nyangon Title: Water Quality Assessment of Jarum Mas River at Matang Mangrove Forest, Perak Abstract: Mangrove Forest is well known with the mangrove tree that can withstand waves from the sea and even Tsunami. That has happened in Sri Lanka in 2004 where many villages at the mangrove area safe and the number of death reduced. However, this mangrove forest nowadays threatened by the human activities. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the water quality index (WQI) of Jarum Mas river which near to the agriculture area and to compare the water quality during low and high tide. There were 30 samples of water taken during Jun and July at 5 stations along Jarum Mas river. The data collections were collected based on the six WQI parameters; Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) with other five parameters; Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Salinity and Temperature. The results for each parameter are summarized as follow; NH3-N range (4.3-4.85 mg/l), BOD range (1.5-4.2 mg/l), COD range (1095-1405 mg/l), DO range (2.27-4.91 mg/l), pH range (6.86-6.98), TSS range (48.33-70.5mg/l), EC range (33.04-38.7 mS/cm), turbidity range (19.38-26 NTU), TDS range (20.07-22.69 mg/l), salinity range (19.5-22.03 PSU), temperature range (28.25-29.35 oC). The WQI of Jarum Mas River is Class III which need extensive treatment for water supply and only common economic value for fishery based on Water Quality Index (WQI) and Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS) by Department of Environmental Malaysia. Keywords: Water Quality, Mangrove Forest, Physico-chemical Parameters, Low and High Tide Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-25 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121856 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1856 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1856 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121856.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:21-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bade Farid Author-Name: Maliki Rafiou Author-Name: Allagbe Marcellin Author-Name: Dah-Nouvlessounon Durand Author-Name: Aklesso Nabede Author-Name: Assogba Sylvestre Author-Name: Sina Haziz Author-Name: Adjanohoun Adolphe Author-Name: Savadogo Aly Author-Name: Baba-Moussa Lamine Title: Ethnobotanical Survey of Three Species of Desmodium genus (Desmodium ramosissimum, Desmodium gangeticum and Desmodium adscendens) Used in Traditional Medicine, Benin Abstract: In Africa, conventional medicines are not within the reach of everybody. High costs of classic treatment lead 82% of the patients to traditional remedies. The study was aimed at identifying and documenting these plants used in the traditional medicine of Benin. Between December 2017 and March 2018, an ethnobotanical study was conducted in the markets of Cotonou, Abomey – Calavi, Porto-Novo and Pobè using a semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 100 respondents which included 91% of females and 9% of males were interviewed. These three species are involved in the treatment of 19 categories of diseases. The respondents are mostly females. It appears from this survey that the Desmodium ramosissimum is the most represented species in Benin (85%). The parts of the plant used are the stem with leaves (98%) and roots (2%). The recipes are prepared mainly by a decoction and administered orally. The price of samples sold varies from 200F cfa to 1000F cfa. The herb teas are cooked with one herb or a combination of several herbs. In terms of knowledge, information on plants was handed down from one generation to another orally through the word of mouth or without any published records. The ethnobotany survey revealed that no prohibitions or side effects are linked to the use of these plants. The three species of Desmodium occupy an important place in the therapeutic arsenal of Benin. These results constitute an essential tool for the experimental evaluation of the potentialities of these plants in order to make available for the Beninese population, new improved traditional medicines. Keywords: Desmodium, Herbalist, Herbal, Medicine, Benin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-33 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121860 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1860 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1860 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121860.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:26-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Musa Ibrahim Waziri Author-Name: Lawal Sa'idu Author-Name: Aliyu Mohammed Wakawa Author-Name: Mohammed Ahmed Talba Author-Name: Hayatu Bako Aliyu Author-Name: Paul Ayuba Abdu Title: Clinical and Retrospective Studies of Obstetric Problems of the Domestic Fowl in Zaria, Nigeria Abstract: Most female birds produce at least an egg at some point in their life time with or without a mate. A fertile egg is however produced when a bird is mated. The process of egg formation is the result of anatomical, physiological and nutritional factors influenced largely by genetic, disease and extrinsic environmental stimulus. Oviposition involving repeated or larger clutch sizes may functionally exhaust the reproductive tract thereby posing risks of metabolic and physiological drain on the bird. The birds' reproductive anatomy is such that it does not prevent eggs from undergoing reverse peristalsis. A ten-year study (2001-2010) of obstetric problems of the chicken revealed prevalence of (9.8%) as reproductive abnormalities, and incidences of oophoritis (39%), egg-yolk peritonitis (22%), salphingitis (19%), egg bound/binding (3%), atrophied (7%), and ruptured (2.0%) oviduct, cystic ovary and oviduct (1.7%), neoplasms (3%), various forms of prolapses (2%), ectopic egg (1%) and ochitis (0.3%). Postmortem clinic records showed that most of the obstetrical cases involved ovary and oviduct and were seen in exotic breeds of chickens. This study highlights prevalence, possible causes and remedies to some obstetric problems of the domestic fowl. Required attention must be given to these problems for optimum egg productivity. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 72-80 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V72018121862 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1862 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1862 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041862.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:72-80 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Agofure Otovwe Author-Name: Odjimogho Stella Author-Name: Okandeji-Barry Oghenenioborue Title: Factors Influencing Attitude to Treatment among Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Niger Delta, Nigeria Abstract: Background: Type-2 Diabetes mellitus could be well managed if patients adhere strictly to treatment regimen. Patient’s attitude to treatment recommendations has been shown to influence level of adherence to treatment. This study was therefore designed to investigate factors influencing the attitude to treatment among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 purposively selected patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus. A semi-structured questionnaire was interviewer administered to obtain information on respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, attitude to medication and dietary treatment, and factors influencing adherence to treatment. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyse the data with level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Mean age of respondents was 57.9 ± 9.8 years, 60.9% were females and 78.0% were married. Above average of respondents exhibited good attitude to medication (65.10%) and dietary (64.0%) treatment respectively. Analysis of the determinants of poor attitude to medication treatment shows; taking many drugs to get better quickly was the major contributing variable at (OR=2.08 95% CI=1.268-3.406). Major factors influencing adherence to medication and dietary treatment includes difficulty in sticking to recommended diet, Long queues and waiting times in the clinic; Side effects from recommended drugs and the least is doctors too busy to listen to patients complaints. Conclusion: Taking many drugs to get better quickly and many other factors influencing the attitude to treatment recommendations remains a challenge among patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, health education on diabetic care with emphasis on improving attitude to medication and dietary treatment regimen, among other strategies, should be organised regularly for diabetic patients. Keywords: Attitude to treatment, Type-2 diabetes mellitus, Niger Delta Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-41 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121866 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1866 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1866 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121866.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:34-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nguessan Aya Carine Author-Name: Doumbouya Mohamed Author-Name: Silue Nakpalo Author-Name: Kone Klinnanga Noël Author-Name: Kone Daouda Title: In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Four Essential Oils on Xanthomonas sp., Responsible of the Bacteriosis of the Cashew Tree Abstract: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), an important crop in Côte d'Ivoire is prone to many diseases, one of the most redoutable of which is bacteriosis caused by Xanthomonas sp. To limit the use of pesticides in the fight against this bacteriosis, an alternative solution based on the use of essential oils has been evaluated. Antibacterial tests were carried out in vitro with the essential oils of Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, Citrus limon, NECO (formulation based on the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum) and a synthetic pesticide, the callicuivre. The smallest MICs (10 ppm and 60 ppm respectively) were obtained with NECO and the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus. The highest antibacterial activities were obtained with the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and NECO biopesticide. at the dose of 4000 ppm (for inhibition diameters of 20.67mm and 27.33mm respectively). NECO and the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus could be used as an alternative to the synthetic product in the fight against bacteriosis of cashew. Keywords: Bacteriosis, Xanthomonas sp., Anacardium occidentale L., Essential Oil, Biological Fighting Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-48 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121870 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1870 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1870 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121870.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:42-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. C. Cattáneo Author-Name: M. S. Trigo Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: A. G. Antonini Author-Name: Pilar Peral Garcia Title: Analysis of Morphofaneroptic Markers of the Caprine Population of the National University of La Plata Influence Zone (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) Abstract: The goat is included within the class Mammals, order Ungulates, family Bovidae, genus Capra¸ species Capra hircus. There are numerous theories regarding the origin of the goat, being the most accepted Auschler theory, which includes three original types of domestic goat: Capra prisca, currently extinct, domesticated in the Caucasus region, Capra aegagrus, in Asia and Capra falconeri (Kashmir goat). (Bedotti, 2000) Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-55 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121872 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1872 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1872 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121872.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:49-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Author-Name: Abdulrhaman A. Al-Soqeer Author-Name: Wail E. Abdalla Title: A Study on the Leaf Surfaces Micro-Morphological Characteristics in the Chenopodiaceae Abstract: The aim of the present study is to determine the micro-morphological properties of the leaf surfaces of nine species belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Leaf surfaces were noticed to vary considerably with respect to cuticle structural types, stomatal pores position, guard cells cuticular ledges and types of trichomes. Lamellate and lamellate-reticulate cuticular types were recognized. These cuticular folds undergo various patterns, depth and orientation in the various species examined. Sunken, ridged, leveled, raised or depressed stomatal pores were encountered, whereas, the guard cells ledges were poorly or well- developed. In Suaeda vermiculata the stomatal pores are sunken in high longitudinal folds rendering the ledges indistinct. Non-glandular unbranched trichomes were detected in Bassia muricata, and collapsed salt bladders were reported in Atriplex leucoclada. The results showed that the micro-morphological characters of the leaf-surfaces examined are considered to be adaptations in response to arid conditions. Keywords: Cuticular Structures, Guard Cells Ledges, Trichomes, Pores Position, Aridity, SEM Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-61 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121874 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1874 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1874 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121874.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:56-61 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Arroyo Paula Author-Name: Corva Santiago Author-Name: Ferrari Ricardo Author-Name: A. G. Antonini Title: Sow Behavior Expression: Adoptions Effect Abstract: Crossed adoptions based on female potential are recommended in commercial production. This are made in the first 24 hours postpartum because it is at this moment that the imprinting occurs, it is the process by which certain stimuli are associated to produce different behaviors. In order to decrease or eliminate the recognition of the strange piglet, prior to introducing it into the new litter, different strategies are carried out. Early experiences may have long-term effects on future behavior. These experiences are influenced by mother-litter interaction. The aim of this work was to determine the possible association between adoptions and sows behavioral modifications. Females that donated piglets spent more time “walking” than those who did not donate piglets (p<0.05). And there is a possible relation between farrowing and the condition of being raised by an adoptive mother (p<0.05). Keywords: Sow Behavior, Nursing, Swine Production, Adoptions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 62-64 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121875 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1875 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1875 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121875.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:62-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Liangfang Ni Author-Name: Huijie Dai Author-Name: Weixia Li Author-Name: Kangbo Zhuo Author-Name: Chengchao Zhang Title: An Iterative SISO Improved Complex Sphere Detection and Decoder for Turbo-MIMO Systems Abstract: An iterative soft-input soft-output (SISO) improved complex sphere detection and decoder algorithm is proposed for signal detection in Turbo-MIMO system. It forms candidate points set Θ in terms of an accumulated cost function based on a search arc constrained by the received signals. Then, the candidate points subset, the lower cost bound of which is not smaller than upper bound, is fathomed and dropped from further consideration. Meanwhile, once a new feasible candidate point is turned up, the path closest to completion is casted upon to generate the set Θ with optimal candidate vectors, aiming to determining the extrinsic information for a Turbo coded bit with most likelihood. Bridged by de-multiplexing and multiplexing, an SISO improved complex sphere detection is concatenated with a SISO Log maximum a posteriori Turbo decoder as if a principal Turbo detection is embedded with a subordinate Turbo decoder, exchanging each other’s detection and decoding soft-decision information iteratively. As a result, the proposed algorithm converges rapidly, which results in lower computational complexity. The transfer curves that relate the input mutual information to the output mutual information is achieved through simulations. Thus, an asymptotic interval of the input SNR threshold for the proposed scheme to converge has been observed. Finally, an upper bound of the diversity has been obtained based on the intuitional deduction and theoretical analyses. The simulation results also show that the proposed scheme has a strong ability of anti-multi-stream interference, and its performance is close to that of the iterative soft-input soft-output list complex sphere detection and decoder algorithm, but with a shorter time delay. Keywords: Turbo-MIMO System, Soft-Input Soft-Output, Iterative Detection and Decoder, Improved Complex Sphere Decoder, Transfer Curve Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-71 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121878 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1878 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1878 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011878.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:60-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hui Wang Author-Name: Wenqiong Wang Author-Name: Jiejie Yang Author-Name: Lin Hou Author-Name: Ning Li Title: Screening of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Polypeptides Abstract: Objective: HepG2.215 cells are used as an experimental model, the central interaction region (CID) of MxA protein is divided into different regions according to its structure, and different plasmids are constructed to find the most powerful functional polypeptide against hepatitis B virus. Methods: Using full-length MxA plasmid as a template and pCMV-tag-3A as a vector, we constructed plasmids A1, A1A2, and A2A3 according to the CID. The plasmids were sequenced and transfected into HepG2.2.15 cells respectively. 24 hours later, the expression of the plasmid was detected by qRT-PCR. And the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relative DNA expression of HBV DNA was detected by qRT-PCR. Combined with the peptide structure and the screening results, the segment was again divided into different short peptides, which were constructed into different plasmids and transfected into cells. And we detected the corresponding indicators again. Thereby repeat in this cycle until the shortest functional polypeptide is found. Result: The constructed plasmids were correct and their expression was normal. The expression of HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg in the A1 group were significantly lower than that in the other two groups, and it was equivalent to the CID group. Separating the A1 component into A1N, A1C, the results of the test showed that the expression levels of HBV DNA, HBsAg and HBeAg in the two groups were higher than those in the A1 group and the CID group, and there was no difference between the two groups and the blank group. Keywords: HBV, DNA, Peptide, Plasmid Construction Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 65-69 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121881 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1881 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1881 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121881.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:65-69 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marie Claire UWINEZA Author-Name: Sun YUJUN Author-Name: Augustin NDEKEZI Title: Farmer’s Perceptions on Importance and Role of Agroforestry Species in Karago, Rwanda Abstract: Rwandan environment has been negatively impacted by agricultural activities. In many forest areas, trees have been cut down by surrounding people looking for cultivatable and grazing land. This study examined farmer’s perceptions on importance and role of agroforestry species in land use system. A sample of 67 farmers were interviewed on agroforestry species available in their farms and their role ;preferences in regard to different agroforestry species; the reason and problems of growing different agroforestry trees; different products obtained in agroforestry systems and their contribution to household income. Therefore, the results of the study show that 100 % of the interviewers have the agroforestry species in their farms. The most agroforestry species planted are Erythrina abyssinica (100 %) followed by Alnus acuminata (64.2 %). Farmer’s perception on agroforestry species in their farmland is that those species contribute in the considerable manner for the stability of the family income. This is proved by the NTFPs which generate incomes such as: fire wood, stakes fodder, fruits and building poles. Farmers also consider the role of agroforestry species in soil conservation in different manner such as soil erosion control, soil holding and increasing soil productivity. The major constraints to agroforestry practice include lack of access to agroforestry species seedlings; lack of capital, lack of labour supply and lack of knowledge about tree management. Considering these results indicate a strong role and importance of agroforestry species, hence the need to promote agroforestry technologies and practices in Karago sector. Keywords: Agroforestry Species, Farmer’s Perceptions, Species Preference, Role and Importance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 72-79 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121882 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1882 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1882 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011882.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:72-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: YuTing Author-Name: LiangSiying Author-Name: YuDongyi Title: The Strategic Study in the Prenatal Diagnosis of a Chimeric Trisomy 15 Fetus Abstract: Objectives: To explore the utility of amniotic cell karyotype analysis in combined with chromosome microarray analysis in prenatal diagnosis. Methods: Chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) and amniotic cell karyotype analysis were accepted by a pregnant woman who carried a fetus with chromosome 15 aneuploidy suggested by non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT). Later on, the woman chose abortion because ultrasound detection had diagnosed that the fetus manifested hypospadias, long bone dysplasia, and abnormal vasa umbilicalis. The placenta, aborted fetus’s tissues and organs were collected and verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to confirm the prenatal diagnosis. Results: Karyotype analysis of amniotic cell found only one 47, XY, +15 cell versus 49 normal cells. CMA of amniotic fluid sample indicated that there is a 75.9 Mb copy number gain on 15q11.2q26.3. FISH results of the placenta and fetal tissues from multiple organs showed that the proportion of trisomy 15 cells in placenta is significantly higher than which in other parts of the fetus. Conclusion: For fetuses with chromosome 15 aneuploidy indicated by NIPT, amniotic karyotype analysis in combined with chromosome microarray analysis could be a suitable solution for genetic diagnosis. Keywords: NIPT, Chromosome Microarray Analysis, Karyotype Analysis, FISH, Chimeric Trisomy 15 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 70-73 Volume: 7 Issue: 12 Year: 2018 Month: December Number: V72018121883 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1883 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1883 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V72018121883.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:7:y:2018:i:12:p:70-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucia Teresa Mendoza-Morales Author-Name: Angela Catalina Mendoza-González Author-Name: Luz Elena Mateo Cid Author-Name: Angélica Rodríguez-Dorantes Title: Effect of Seaweed Liquid Extracts on the Internode Variation of Lens esculenta Seedlings Abstract: Seaweeds are important sustainable resources by their industrial potential; particularly, because their extracts contain polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols, nutrient elements and important plant growth hormones or regulators, that make them as an adequate substitutes of biofertilizers and they are actually named biostimulants. Even there are some limitations regarding to their extraction methods; the boiling and soaking extraction method with distilled water is greatly recommended. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two seaweed liquid extracts as growth promoters through the internode variation of Lens esculenta seedlings.There was a particular response in shoot elongation of L. esculenta seedlings regarding to their internode length measured; where the promotion of shoot growth was evident at 5% of the liquid extracts concentration from both seaweeds species; but the results obtained from U. fasciata liquid extracts at 5 and 10% concentrations showed a better growth and appearance of seedlings with a diminish in the internode length and chlorosis at 20% concentration of the liquid extract; showing that the application of low concentrations could be added to plant cultures as a source of growth regulators, can increase the response of plants; particularly, with the application of Ulva fasciata extracts. Keywords: Liquid Seaweed Extracts, Biostimulants, Lens esculenta Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121884 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1884 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1884 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011884.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Daniel Samson Aboshi Author-Name: Abutu David Author-Name: Hemen Agere Author-Name: Saratu Stephen Audu Author-Name: Benjamin Zobada Musa Title: Compositional Evaluation of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Fruit and Fruit Pulp of Ebony Tree (Diospyros mespiliformis) Abstract: In this study, proximate, mineral, amino acid and anti–nutrient compositions of Mormodica charantia fruit and Diospyros mespiliformis fruit pulp were determined using standard analytical techniques. The respective proximate composition values (g/100 g sample) of M. charantia and D. mespiliformis were: Moisture (3.88 and 4.64), ash (5.22 and 5.5.13), crude protein (20.36 and 4.68), crude fibre (8.41 and 3.58), ether extract (4.39 and 2.00), and carbohydrate by difference (57.56 and 79.68). The calculated fatty acids and metabolizable energy for M. charantia and D. mespiliformis were (3.51 and 1.60 %) and (148.07 and 1508.12 kJ/100 g). The most abundant minerals were Na (612.42 and 425.21 mg/100 g) followed by Na (521.71 and 368.25 mg/100g), respectively. Generally, the two samples were found to be good sources of essential minerals. The levels of Na/K and Ca/Mg ratios were desirable compared with recommended values. The amino acid profiles revealed that both samples contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids with total essential amino acid (TEAA) (with His) were 34.38 and 22.37 g/100 g for Mormodica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis, respectively. However, essential amino acid supplementation may be required in dietary formula except Ile and Leu in Mormodica charantia and Met + Cys and Val in Diospyros mespiliformis when comparing the essential amino acids (EAAs) in this report with the recommended FAO/WHO provisional pattern. Met + Cys (TSAA) was the first limiting amino acids (LAA) for the two plant fruits. The study showed that Mormodica charantia and Diospyros mespiliformis can be better sources of some of the essential nutrients with potential health beneficial constituents than some of the members of the family to which they belong. However, some of the anti–nutrient contents may pose nutritional problems in their consumption. Keywords: Proximate, Minerals, Amino Acids, Anti-Nutrients, Fruit, Pulp Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-89 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121889 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1889 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1889 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011889.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:80-89 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Baohua Jing Author-Name: Qing Yang Author-Name: Weidong Xin Author-Name: Luo Xu Title: The Nesfatin-1 Pathway from Hippocampus to Ventromedial Nucleus and its Regulation on Gastric Motility in Diabetic Rat Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effect of microinjection of Nesfatin-1 into VMH on gastric motility in diabetic rats and its regulatory mechanism, and to study whether electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 region can regulate this process. Methods: The diabetic rat model was established, and the hippocampal-VMH nesfatin-1 pathway was observed by retrograde gold fluorescence tracing combined with fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The effects of microinjection of nesfatin-1 by VMH and electrical stimulation of hippocampus on gastric motility were observed in vivo. Results: Nesfatin-1 inhibited gastric motility in a dose-dependent manner, and astressin-B partially blocked the inhibition of nesfatin-1 on gastric motility; Nesfatin-1 immunoreactive neurons were present in the cytoplasm of hippocampal CA1 region and Nesfatin-1 was expressed in some fluorescent gold labeled cells; electrostimulation of hippocampal CA1 region could promote gastric motility in diabetic rats, and anti-NUCB2/Nesfatin-1 antibody could promote gastric motility in diabetic rats.Enhance the effect of electrical stimulation of hippocampal CA1 region on gastric motility. Conclusion: Nesfatin-1 injection into VMH can regulate gastric motility in diabetic rats, which may be related to the CRF system, and the hippocampal CA1 region participates in the regulation of gastric motility by nesfatin-1 in VMH. Keywords: Hi, VMH, diabetic Rats, Gastric Motility Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-24 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V72018121892 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1892 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1892 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021892.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:20-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wan Wen-Ping Title: Isradipine Can Alleviate Iron-Induced Toxicity caused by Elevated Intracellular Calcium in MES23.5 Cell Abstract: Previous research demonstrated that the progressive accumulation of iron in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) may contribute to dopaminergic (DA) neurons selective degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the etiology and mechanism underlying iron-induced neurotoxicity processes are as yet unresolved. It has been reported that L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) may mediate iron influx into neuronal cells and can compete with calcium for common routes to enter primary neurons. The present study, we found that isradipine can alleviate iron-induced toxicity caused by raising intracellular calcium in MES23.5 cells. Analysis of experimental results revealed that an increase in extracellular free CaCl2 (500 µmol/L) is sufficient to promote FeSO4 (100 µmol/L) entry by activating L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) significantly. The enhancement of calcium and/or iron influx was accompanied by a corresponding decrease of cell viability and higher susceptibility of toxicity, such as decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and increase of nucleus pyknosis ratio and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in MPP+ (5 µmol/L) treatment MES23.5 cells. Pre-treatment with isradipine (10 µmol/L), a LTCCs blocker, for 15 min, can antagonize calcium and/or iron-induced neurotoxicity. These results suggest that application of isradipine may be a potential method for the treatment of the neurodegenerative disease induced by calcium and/or iron dysmetabolism. Keywords: Iron, Mitochondria, Neurotoxicity, L-Type Ca2+ Channel Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 90-96 Volume: 8 Issue: 01 Year: 2019 Month: January Number: V72018121893 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1893 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1893 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019011893.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:1:p:90-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Areti. Keramida Author-Name: Iosif Fragkoulis Author-Name: Efthymios Valkanos Title: English Teachers’ Views and Attitudes toward Training Programmes in Innovative Teaching Practices and ICT: An Empirical Research Abstract: Developments in pedagogic science and technology, the rapid diffusion of the internet, as well as social changes, which mean less homogeneous classrooms than before, render necessary the ongoing training of English teachers so that they can keep up with changes. Teacher training programmes should be designed in such a way so as to be in line with teachers’ needs. In this framework, in this paper we present the results of an empirical study on the attitudes of teachers of English as a foreign language in primary and secondary education toward teacher training programmes in innovative teaching practices, and more specifically the pedagogical use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education. The research results show that the majority of the teachers believe that teacher training programmes are instrumental in enriching the teaching process with innovative and modern teaching practices, which are essential in education, due to the changing social conditions, the developments in pedagogical science and the diffusion of ICT in society and education. Teachers also expressed their preference for participation in teacher training programmes that are practical in nature and help them deal with everyday problems they face in the classroom. The research results provide useful information to those engaged in the planning and implementation of teacher training programmes. Keywords: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Teacher Training, Teaching English Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-31 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V72018121894 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1894 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1894 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021894.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:25-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jian-feng Li Author-Name: Chengshao Zhang Author-Name: Qiang Li Author-Name: Yong-sheng Zhao Title: Analysis of Risk Factors for Nonoperative Vertebral Refracture after Vertebroplasty for Single-Segment Vertebral Fracture Abstract: Objective: To analysis the risk factors of nonsurgical vertebral refracture by making retrospectively study about patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) had accepted vertebroplasty.Methods: From June 2016 to December 2017, there were 161 cases of OVCF patients were treated with single-segment vertebroplasty in our department, and follow-up data including age, gender, bone density, bone cement volume, bone cement puncture route, bone cement leakage and vertebral refracture were collected.T-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the possible risk factors for postoperative vertebral refracture.Results: Among 161 patients treated with vertebroplasty, 19 of them had refracture. Among the refracture group, including 2 males and 17 females,bone density (-3.49 + 0.20) in the refracture group, and bone density (-2.95 + 0.57) in the nonrefracture group.The difference was statistically significant (t=-4.162,P<0.001).Eight patients in the refracture group had cement intervertebral leakage, 11 patients in the nonre-fracture group had cement intervertebral leakage,24 patients in the nonre-fracture group had cement intervertebral leakage, and 138 patients in the nonre-fracture group had cement intervertebral leakage. The difference was statistically significant (chi-square = 6.928,P= 0.008).However, there was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, bone cement content, fracture history, surgical method, surgical site, puncture route and other factors.Conclusions: Decreased bone density and intervertebral leakage of bone cement may be risk factors for postoperative nonoperative vertebral refracture. Therefore, reasonable anti-osteoporosis treatment should be adhered to, and intervertebral leakage of bone cement should be minimized, to reduce the occurrence of postoperative refracture. Keywords: Refracture, Risk factors, Vertebroplasty, Osteoporosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-34 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V72018121896 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1896 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1896 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021896.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:32-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: I. C. Adene Title: Histological Alterations in the Gills, Skin and Liver of Adult Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus I779) Exposed to Jatropha Curcas Seed Powder Abstract: Adult Nile Tiapia, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to Jatropha curcas seed powder, a multipurpose plant used for demarcation, boundaries and the seeds for biodiesel and traditional medication. The histological alteration of the gill, skin and liver were studied at sub-lethal concentration of 133.3,200, 266.7, 333.3, 400 and 0 as control. The pathological lesions observed on the gill are Lamella degeneration, Hyperthrophy of the gill arc and severe necrosis of gill filament, Submucosal Congestion, Severe erosion of the secondary lamellae and cartilage at the base. The lesions on the skin are necrosis, dermal cell erosion and cellular infiltration by mononuclear cells. In the liver, moderate degeneration of periportal, diffuse vacuolation of hepatocytes and congested portal area were observed. The alteration on each of the organ became severe with increase in concentration of Jatropha curcas seed powder. Keywords: Histology, Gill, Skin, Liver, Nile Tilapia, Jatropha curcas Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 99-105 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V72018121897 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1897 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1897 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019051897.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:99-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhang Yan Author-Name: Ma Rui-xia Author-Name: Li Ming-hui Author-Name: Xue Ting Author-Name: Chi Cheng-mei Title: Vitamin D3 Ameliorates High Glucose-Induced Podocyte Apoptosis Abstract: Objective: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a severe kidney disease characterized by podocyte apoptosis, injury, and accumulation of extracellular matrices that ultimately lead to end-stage renal disease. Vitamin D3 was reported to provide renal protection in DKD through the Vitamin D receptor (VDR), however there was limited data on whether it has a protective effect on podocytes of DKD induced by high glucose. Methods: The experimental subjects were conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes (MPC-5), which were divided into 4 groups: NG (normal glucose) group, HM (Hypertonic) group, HG (high glucose) group, VD3 (HG +1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3)) group. Western-blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in podocytes. The mRNA Expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3 in the three groups were detected by RT-PCR method. Results: Compared with the NG group, the expression of apoptosis proteins Caspase-3 and Bax in the podocytes of HG group increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 decreased. Pretreatment with vitamin D3 attenuated these abnormalities in podocytes in HG group. Conclusion: Vitamin D can alleviate the apoptosis of podocytes induced by high glucose in vitro. Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathy, Vitamin D3, Podocyte, Apoptosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-38 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011898 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1898 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1898 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021898.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:35-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Christian Crépin Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: The Y-Chromosome STRs Profile of Louis XVII (1785-1795?) Abstract: We have studied by SEM-EDX some hairs from a lock of hair of the King of France Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette ‘s children. Among these hairs, the blond hair number three is covered with skin-cells and dandruffs. The mtDNA haplogroup of dandruffs of this hair is that of Marie-Antoinette ; the Y-STRs profile of this hair is that of Louis XVI, previously known. Consequently this hair is one of Louis XVII, one of Louis XVI’s son. Keywords: Y-Chromosome STRs Profile, Louis XVII, King Louis XVI ‘s Paternity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-75 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011899 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1899 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1899 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021899.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:44-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinhui Zuo Author-Name: Fuping Guan Author-Name: Xin Li Author-Name: Xiuli Wang Author-Name: Fengyu Pan Author-Name: Zheng Zhang Author-Name: Chao Song Title: Inhibitory Effect of Phytic Acid on LPS Induced BV-2 Microglia Activation Abstract: Hyperactivation of microglia is the important pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. Being naturally occurring compound, phytic acid (PA) has been found to exert anti-inflammatory effect in MPTP-induced parkinson’s disease model of mice, but mechanism needed to be further investigated. In our study, BV-2 microglia were cultured and induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic inflammation models to testify the phytic acid’s effect on neuroinflammation. Methods: BV-2 microglia were cultured in vitro. After pretreatment with different doses of PA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to induce the activation of BV-2 microglia. The cell survival rate was detected by MTT colorimetry, the NO release of microglia was measured by Griess assay, and the concentration of IL-6 in supernatant of cell culture was detected by ELISA assay. DAPI staining was used to detect the changes of apoptosis of activated BV-2 microglia before and after phytic acid treatment. Results: Phytic acid could inhibit the production of NO and IL-6 in BV-2 microglia activated by LPS, and block the excessive activation of BV-2 microglia stimulated by LPS. At the same time, it can promote the apoptosis of over-activated microglia. Therefore, phytic acid may play a potential role on prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with its inhibition on microglial activation. Keywords: Phytic Acid, Lipopolysaccharide, Microglia, Neuroinflammation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-11 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019011901 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1901 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1901 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031901.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:8-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oladejo Thomas Adepoju Author-Name: Oluwatoni Motunrola Aka Title: Consumption Pattern of Neglected and Underutilised Vegetables among Rural Households in Akinyele Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria Abstract: Vegetables make up a major portion of human diet in many parts of the world and play significant role in human nutrition especially as sources of vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and phytochemicals. In Nigeria, some indigenous vegetables have become neglected and underutilised despite their great potential in contributing to food security and nutrition. This study therefore aimed at determining the consumption pattern of neglected and underutilized vegetables among rural households in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Ibadan, Nigeria. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 220 rural household women in Akinyele LGA. Information on socio-economic and demographic characteristics, respondent’s knowledge of and familiarity with the chosen indigenous vegetables, frequency of consumption and factors influencing consumption of these vegetables were obtained from respondents using pre-tested, semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire with a section on multi-pass 24-hour diet recall. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at p<0.05. Mean age of respondents was 44.7±18.0 years. Only few (7.3%) of the respondents know, have seen and eat Ogunmo, while many (26.4%, 35.0%, 31.4%, 30.9% and 41.8%) know, have seen and eat Moringa leaf, Efo odu, Yanrin, Ebolo, and Worowo respectively out of all the vegetables studied. Many respondents reportedly consume Worowo (42.7%), Ebolo (53.6%), Ugwu (28.2%), Yanrin (40.5%), Efo odu (41.4%) and Igbaagba (27.7%) less than once in a month and 65.0%, 30.0%, and 59.1% has never consumed Ogunmo, Efirin, and Moringa leaf respectively in the last one month. Most (96.4%) respondents reported that the seasonal nature of the vegetables affects their consumption. There is need for consumers education on the benefits of inclusion of indigenous neglected and underutilised vegetables in their daily diets as they have been found to possess a high potential for improving nutrition and health in many areas around the world. Keywords: Dietary Diversity, Neglected and Underutilized Vegetables, Vegetable Consumption Pattern, Rural Households Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-116 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019011902 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1902 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1902 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019061902.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:105-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mariela Hristova Savova Author-Name: Asen Kanev Author-Name: Ivanka Dimova Title: Molecular-Epidemiological Study for 19 High and Medium-Risk HPV types in Bulgarian Patients Abstract: Cervical cancer ranks as the 4th leading cause of female cancer and cancer deaths in the world. More than 99% of cervical cancer cases are due to HPV infection. Vaccination can significantly reduce the number of HPV-related cancers in the future. The next big step is to change the order of the tests, ie. cervical cells are first tested for HPV, and then analyzed under a microscope. The objective of our study was to define the incidence of 19 types of HPV in Bulgarian women attended for routine gynecologic examination, in order to obtain the molecular-epidemiological spectrum of this infection in the context of the actual preventive programs. We have used the medium-high risk PapillomaStrip kit, based on the principle of reverse hybridization, in samples of 151 Bulgarian women. We detected the total frequency of 44.4% for HPV infection and higher frequency in younger age group (<30 years – 47.5% and 30-40 years – 50%) compared to > 40 years old women (28%). The most frequent HPV types from our study were HPV 45 and 52 (10.6%), HPV 66 (8.6%) and HPV 31 (8%). In PAPI/II it was HPV52 (11.3%), followed by HPV45 (10.5%) and HPV66 (8.3%). In PAPIII the most common was HPV16 (44.4%), followed by HPV 45, 31, 66 and 59 (each of 22.2%). We emphasized on the high frequency of HPV45 in our study, which is reported as one of the most frequent types in cervical cancer. In conclusion, HPV genotyping provides information on the carriage of high-risk types and increased attention to these patients. This is a valuable information for planning preventive programs in regard to choosing diagnostic tests and vaccination. Our results revealed the wide spectrum of HPV infection in Bulgarian women, as about 70% of infected patients carry high-risk HPV 45, 52, 31, 16 and 18. Keywords: HPV Types, Molecular Epidemiology, HPV Vaccine Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-26 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019011903 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1903 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1903 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041903.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:19-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: TRAORE Lamine Author-Name: KONE Mama Author-Name: BOUHSANE Mohammed Author-Name: Richardson Jed Author-Name: FRANCE Marie Author-Name: Hosanee Jay Title: Valorization of the Natural Phosphate of Tilemsi (PNT) for the Development of the Agricultural Productions in Mali Abstract: In Mali, the deficiency of agricultural soils in phosphorus is one of the limiting factors in crop production. They respond well to phosphorus fertilization, but the high price of imported chemical fertilizers limits their use by the producers. However, Mali has large deposits of natural phosphate in the Tilemsi Valley (PNT) in northern Mali. Faced with this situation, the Government encouraged the use of local fertilizing resources including the PNT. Despite the satisfactory results of several years of research and popularization, the PNT was poorly adopted by the producers because of its powdery appearance, which made it difficult to apply in the field, its low solubility in the soil, which made its effect noticeable on crops in the second year of its application and its brown color reminiscent of that of earth made the producers believe that it had no fertilizing value. Faced with these problems relating to the physical appearance and the low solubility of the PNT, the laboratory work of GREAT QUEST Fertilizer SA resulted in the development of simple formulations based on enriched granular PNT 27% P2O5 (average content) and 35% P2O5 (high content) for direct application and NPK complex formulations based on granulated enriched PNT 35% P2O5 mixed mainly with urea, potassium, and sometimes with other nutriments like sulfur and boron (NPK 15-15-15; NPKSB 14-18-18-6-2) with a solubility in citric acid of 71.1%. The results of four years of experimentation of enriched granular PNT in the research stations and in the peasant environment showed a greater or equal effect than the other popular fertilizers. This project aims to improve phosphate nutrition and crop production by using granulated formulations of enriched PNT 27% P2O5 and 35% P2O5. Keywords: Deficiency, Phosphorus, Phosphate Rock, New Formulations, Soil Fertility Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-23 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019011906 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1906 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1906 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031906.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:12-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weitter Duckss Title: Effects of Rotation around the Axis on the Stars, Galaxy and Rotation of Universe Abstract: The article analyzes the blueshift of the objects, through realized measurements of galaxies, mergers and collisions of galaxies and clusters of galaxies and measurements of different galactic speeds, where the closer galaxies move faster than the significantly more distant ones. The clusters of galaxies are analyzed through their non-zero value rotations and gravitational connection of objects inside a cluster, supercluster or a group of galaxies. The constant growth of objects and systems is visible through the constant influx of space material to Earth and other objects inside our system, through percussive craters, scattered around the system, collisions and mergers of objects, galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Atom and its formation, joining into pairs, growth and disintegration are analyzed through atoms of the same values of structure, different aggregate states and contiguous atoms of different aggregate states. The disintegration of complex atoms is followed with the temperature increase above the boiling point of atoms and compounds. The effects of rotation around an axis are analyzed from the small objects through stars, galaxies, superclusters and to the rotation of Universe. The objects' speeds of rotation and their effects are analyzed through the formation and appearance of a system (the formation of orbits, the asteroid belt, gas disk, the appearance of galaxies), its influence on temperature, surface gravity, the force of a magnetic field, the size of a radius. The processes related to low temperatures and their relation with the objects' chemical structure and their atmospheric compositions, dependent on the decrease of temperatures, are also analyzed, opposite to the processes related to high temperatures. The satellites' rotation around the planets is also determined; lower temperatures reduce the distance between planets (and other smaller objects) and satellites, which rotate around their axis. The effects of polar cyclones to the speed of rotation, the formation of Novae, the appearance of stars and galaxies are also analyzed. Keywords: Blue Shift, Disintegration of Matter, Rotation Speed, Chemical Star Composition, Degradation of Elements Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-97 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011908 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1908 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1908 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021908.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:76-97 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oriri Asemota Omorodion Author-Name: Abanum Iruoghene Isapka Title: The Mismatch of Students Anthropometric Data with Ergonomic Designs of Learning Workstation is a Risk Factor for Musculoskeletal Disorders Abstract: This study examined the relationship between anthropometric data of Nigerian Students in Higher Academic Institutions, the ergonomic design of classroom furniture and the risk of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs). A total of one hundred and seventy five (175) students, aged between 17-34 years, in thirty one (31) randomly selected classrooms participated in the research. Students' anthropometric data were collated by measuring various body dimensions such as sitting elbow height, shoulder height, knee height, popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, and stature, using anthropometer, and measuring tape. Also, classroom furniture dimensions were measured with metal measuring tape, vernier caliper and goniometer. A survey was conducted using questionnaire to identify the body areas of discomfort (MSDs) experienced by students. It was established that, there are three different types of furniture (A, B and C). This study revealed that there is a mismatch between available classroom furniture and students' anthropometric data, which is responsible for the musculoskeletal disorders complaints by the students. It is expected that the study will help decision makers and analysts in designing appropriate learning workstations using various students’ anthropometric data in order to avoid the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Keywords: Classroom, Anthropometric Data, Ergonomic Design, Musculoskeleta Disorders Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 105-111 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011913 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1913 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1913 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021913.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:105-111 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianzhao Deng Author-Name: Xuan Yang Author-Name: Bei Zhang Title: MS4a6D Exacerbates Immunological Pathology in Experimental Viral Fulminant Hepatitis Abstract: The MS4A (membrane-spanning 4-domain family, subfamily A) family of proteins contains some members, including MS4A1, MS4A2 and MS4A3 and so on. Many MS4A family members are expressed on the cell surface of specific leukocyte subsets. And they have key roles in regulating cell activation, growth and development. However, the biological roles of many MS4A proteins is not particularly clear, such as MS4a6D. Here, we found that MS4a6D are expressed on the cell surface of Macrophages and DCs. In MHV3-infected MS4a6D-/- mice, macrophages decreased, in which the pro-inflammatory subsets decreased than their wild-type (WT) littermates. And the deletion of MS4a6D is associated with less severe damage and less viral replication in the liver. In conclusion, our results suggest that MS4a6D signaling can aggravate the immunopathological damage induced by MHV-3 infection in a mouse FH model. Our results suggest that inhibition of MS4a6D signaling pathways by an immunotherapeutic approach might be a useful treatment for FH. Keywords: MHV3, MS4a6D, FH Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 98-104 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011916 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1916 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1916 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021916.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:98-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dan Liu Title: Application of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in Gastrointestinal Surgery based on Multidisciplinary Team Abstract: Chinese gastrointestinal surgeons are building up our own high level evidence in evidence-based medicine, With tremendous clinical trials carrying out in gastrointestinal cancers. Besides, Standardized procedure of diagnosis and treatment should be promoted. More personalized schemes are needed. The model of multidisciplinary team can be more widely and deeply applied. In order to further optimize the surgical pathways and promote the clinical application of ERAS in surgery, it is important to raise awareness of the ERAS concept, advocate multi-disciplinary cooperation model, including surgery, anesthesiology, nursing, clinical nutrition, etc. to improve the application of ERAS in gastrointestinal surgery, promote medical and health management performance. And the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery should be more operable. To keep pace with the times, the gastrointestinal surgeons have to seek for innovative technology and new ideas. Keywords: ERAS, Multidisciplinary Team, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Anaesthesia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 112-115 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011920 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1920 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1920 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021920.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:112-115 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jia Yao Author-Name: Zhu Yuzhen Author-Name: High Xiao Author-Name: Xuan Yang Author-Name: Jianzhao Deng Author-Name: Bei Zhang Title: The Role of NLRP3 in Repairing Sciatic Nerve Injury Abstract: NLRP3 is a member of the NOD-like family of adaptive immune responses that recognize both exogenous damage-associated molecular patterns and endogenous damage-related molecular patterns. NLRP3 recognizes that PAMPS/DAMPS is activated, binds to ASC and Caspase-1 to form NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, and exerts immunity in pathogenic infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases by controlling the release of IL-1β and IL-18, but The role of peripheral nerve injury is not clear. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of NLRP3 on repair after sciatic nerve injury. This study was divided into two parts. The first part established the sciatic nerve injury model. In the second part, NLRP3 intervention was given on the basis of the sciatic nerve injury model. The results showed that The model of sciatic nerve injury in mice was established successfully. The sciatic nerve function of the MSU group and the MCC950 group recovered better than the control group, and the recovery of the MCC950 group was the best. It is concluded that moderate inhibition of nlrp3-mediated inflammatory response is helpful for peripheral nerve repair after injury. Keywords: Nlrp3, Peripheral Nerve Injury, IL-1β Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 124-129 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011925 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1925 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1925 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021925.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:124-129 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Engineered Polymers in Packaging: Some Solutions to Prevent Electrostatic Discharge Abstract: Due to their wide range of properties and features, the polymeric materials are largely used in flexible packaging. These materials are fitting an extraordinarily variety of applications. Here we start a series of articles, the aim of which is that of discussing how polymers relate themselves to applications. This first article is concerning the polymers engineered to control the electrostatic discharge. Keywords: Packaging Films, Flexible Packaging, Electrostatic Discharge Materials, Polymers, Carbon Black, Carbon Nanotubes, Converting Industry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 116-123 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019011928 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1928 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1928 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021928.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:116-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lin Sun Author-Name: Jianye Shao Author-Name: XiaoLin Wang Author-Name: Bin Wang Author-Name: Wei Zhao Title: Rapid Detection of Aspergillus Fumigatus Growth Percentage by Microplate Reader Abstract: In this experiment, the OD value of different concentrations of Aspergillus fumigatus cultured for 48 hours was measured on a microplate reader using a 96-well plate. The absorbance-concentration curve was plotted according to the results, and the absorbance value was used instead of visual observation to quickly detect the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. situation. The results showed that the OD value was between 0.05 and 0.06 when visually 50%, and 100% when the OD value was greater than 0.17. The use of the OD value can be a rapid method for observing the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, which has the advantages of high efficiency, accuracy and high throughput compared with the visual method. Keywords: Aspergillus fumigatus, Microplate Reader, OD, Value Growth Status Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021929 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1929 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1929 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031929.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu Song Author-Name: Xiaohua Han Title: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone Protects PC12 Cells against MPP+-Induced Cytotoxicity by Heme Oxygenase-1 Abstract: 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (7, 8-DHF), a newly-selective tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) agonist, has been well studied for its neurotrophic functions. Our previous study has shown that 7,8-DHF could exert potent neuroprotective effect against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells without TrkB receptor expression. Howerer, this phenomenon induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+) has not been elucidated. This study is designed to investigate whether heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling pathway mediate the protection by 7,8-DHF. The results were as follows: MTT assay showed that treatment with MPP+ significantly suppressed the cell viability. 7,8-DHF pretreatment suppressed MPP+-induced cytotoxicity and providing strong protection in PC12 cells. Incubation of 7,8-DHF with the PC12 cells up to 6 h showed it up-regulated the HO-1 expression. Moreover, the PC12 cells pretreatment with ZnPP were found to partially block the protective effect of 7,8-DHF. The present results provided the evidence that 7,8-DHF could protect the PC12 cells against MPP+-induced cytotoxicity through HO-1 pathway. Keywords: 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone, 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium, PC12 Cells, Heme Oxygenase-1, ZnPP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-59 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021932 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1932 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1932 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031932.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:55-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qian Zhang Author-Name: Xinjun Sun Title: Advances in Drug Sustained-Release Carriers for Infectious Bone Defect Abstract: With the development of medicine, more and more sustained-release carriers loaded with antibiotics are used for the treatment of infectious bone defects.On the basis of consulting a large number of literatures, the types of carriers, antibiotics and the preparation methods of sustained-release carriers were analyzed and prospected in this paper. Keywords: Infectious Bone Defect, Osteomyelitis, Sustained-Release Carriers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-7 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021933 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1933 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1933 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031933.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:5-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dionesio A. Estopa Title: Physio-Hematological Response of Healthy Dogs During and after Ovariohysterectomy Abstract: This study investigated six apparently healthy female dogs as experimental animals for the cardiovascular response and the changes in the hematological parameters subjected to ovariohysterectomy. The animals were examined prior to surgery through heart rate evaluation and complete blood count examination. Heart rate evaluation and Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination were performed before, during and after ovariohysterectomy. A non-parametric test (averages and percentages) were used to compare the variation of heart rate and blood parameters. Results of the study showed that there was a slight reduction of the heart rate during the surgical operation and a significant numerical difference in the values were observed in the blood parameters (RBC, WBC, PCV, MCV, Platelets, Lympocytes and Segmented neutrophils) throughout the experimental period. Red Blood Cell (RBC) count was affected during the intra-operative period slightly below the normal range. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was also reduced during surgery, but the reduction is still within the normal range. Reduction in the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) was also observed, however, not exceeding beyond the normal range. White Blood Cell (WBC) count however, was observed to be elevated during the surgery but the values of segmented neutrophils were within the normal range. The results of the study revealed that ovariohysterectomy really trigger intra-operative stress. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the patient prior to the surgical operation should be given utmost consideration. Surgical patients with abnormal blood parameters should be stabilized first before proceeding with the said surgical operation. During the intra-operative period, it is highly recommended that the patient should be under intravenous fluid infusion to maintain its homeostasis and acid-base balance. Keywords: Physio-Hematological Response, Ovariohystectomy, Healthy Dogs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-19 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019021934 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1934 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1934 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021934.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:13-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeena hashim Abd Al Wahid Author-Name: Munaff Jawdat Abd Al-Abbas Title: Detection of E.Coli Strains Isolated from Water Sources and Diarrhea Cases by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA in Basrah Governorate Abstract: One hundred samples of water and thirty of diarrheal cases were collected . Coliform bacteria was detected in most water samples by MPN to comparison with clinical coliform , tap water showed the higher rates of coliform than other sources . 23 different bacterial species from water and 3 from diarrhea were identified by 16SrDNA . E.coli 26 ( 35% ) as the prodomient species from water and 27 (79%) from diarrhea followed by K. pneumonia 11 (14.1%) and 4 (11.8%) respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility showed all E.coli isolates (100%) were MDR and the Ciprofloxacin was the more active antibiotic against isolates of water ( 59% ) and clinics ( 38% ) . In addition , the antibiotic susceptibility profiles showed the identical relatedness of 22 (53.65%) E.coli strains from water and diarrhea . Moreover , RAPD analysis showed 14 (34.14%) of E.coli strains from water and diarrhea were identical indicating to the fecal contamination of water. Keywords: E.coli, RAPD, Fecal Contamination, Diarrhea, 16S rDNA, Strains Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-83 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021943 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1943 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1943 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031943.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:68-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. A. Fatuyi Title: The Professional Roles of Women Potters in Traditional Society: A Case of Erusu Akoko, Ondo State Abstract: Pottery is one of the traditional crafts widely practised in Nigeria even till date especially in the South-western part dominated by the Yoruba speaking people. There is little doubt that the professional roles that female potters take in several local communities hold social-economic importance which deserves more attention than has been accorded. This article attempts to review the state of traditional pottery production in South-western Nigeria with a special focus on a surviving pottery tradition of Erusu Akoko, Ondo state. In particular, the paper demonstrates the pottery production technique still practiced by women potters in the study area. It is observable that the current state of the craft raises grave concerns of survival as traditional potters are ageing in the face of the modern-day technology. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-18 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019021954 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1954 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1954 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041954.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:13-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaolu Fang Author-Name: Yandong Ci Author-Name: Zhe Sun Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between SIRT1 Expression with Tumors Drug-Resistance Abstract: Objective: SIRT1(silent information regulator 1), a member of the highly conserved sirtuins family, has been reported to be abnormally expressed in a wide variety of cancers. Numerous studies have reported the association between SIRT1 and cancer drug resistance, but the data of different reports remains controversial. To further evaluate the role of SIRT1 in tumor resistance, a meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted. Methods: Relevant articles before September 2018 on SIRT1 and Drug-resistant tumor were searched via PubMed, Embase, Web Of Science (WOS). The studies were chosen for the meta-analysis based on requisite criteria. The relation was analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% corresponding confidence intervals (CI) were pooled to estimate the effect of specific associations. Results: A total of 14 eligible studies containing 790 patients were included, in which most of the patients overexpressed SIRT1. The results showed that SIRT1 overexpression significantly correlated with the risk of cancer drug resistance (OR=7.99, 95% CI: 5.70–11.21, P<0.00001). Conclusions: The overall data of the shown meta-analysis suggested that the expression of SIRT1 is correlated with cancer risk cancer drug resistance. Keywords: SIRT1, Cancer, Drug Resistance, Clinicopathological Characteristics, Meta-Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-44 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021959 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1959 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1959 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031959.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:40-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chao Song Author-Name: Jin-Yu Zhang Title: Transgenic n-3 PUFAs Enrichment Regulates Related Physiological Activities by Affecting Nerves Abstract: Obesity is generally defined as an excess of body fats and related to weight gain. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is responsible for regulating peripheral signals that control food intake and energy balance. Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and UCP-2 are related-genes that adjust body weight. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of fat-1 gene on body weight. We found that the weight/length ratios of fat-1 transgenic mice were smaller than wild-type (WT) mice. We hypothesized that an increase in the levels of n-3 PUFAs might alter the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide and lead to weight loss in fat-1 mice because fat-1 gene transforms n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to n-3 PUFAs. Therefore, the appetite-regulating neuropeptides in the hypothalamic ARC, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptides (AgRP), proopiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), and ghrelin, were measured by Immunofluorescence. The mRNA levels of UCP-1 in brown adipose tissues and UCP-2 in white adipose tissues were measured by RT-PCR. The protein levels of UCP-2 in white adipose tissues also were measured by Western Blot. Compared with WT mice, the levels of CART, POMC and ghrelin increased, the levels of NPY and AgRP decreased, whereas the mRNA levels of UCP-1, UCP-2 increased, the protein levels of UCP-2 increased in fat-1 mice. The results indicated that the fat-1 gene or n-3 PUFAs participate in inhibition of body weight by regulating the expressions of appetite neuropeptide and uncoupling protein. Keywords: Hypothalamus, fat-1 Gene, Neuropeptide, Body Weight Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-30 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021960 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1960 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1960 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031960.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:24-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Moving Ice and Satellites: The Motion of Crevasses in Antarctica Abstract: Antarctica is a remote and hostile continent, the study of which is fundamental because of the role it has on oceans and Earth’s climate. Affected by the global warming phenomenon, Antarctica requires a constant monitoring of the status and motion of its ice. This monitoring can be achieved by means of satellites. Here we will show, by using Google Earth imagery, some evidence of the ice flows in this continent. In particular, we will discuss the motion of some surface features of the ice shelves, which can be considered as the surface expression of basal crevasses. We can measure the rate of their motion too. Keywords: Ice flow, Satellite Images, Geophysics, Climate Change, Global Warming, Crevasses, Basal Crevasses, Antarctica, Amery Ice Shelf, Larsen C Ice Shelf Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 130-139 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019021963 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1963 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1963 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021963.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:130-139 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Title: Optimization of Systems Abstract: Optimization is defined as the mathematical procedures involved in effecting optimality. It is also a collection of mathematical principles and methods used for solving quantitative problems in many disciplines. In business, optimization is finding an alternative with the most cost effective or highest achievable performance under given constraints by maximizing desired factors and minimizing undesired ones. The purpose of optimization is therefore to achieve the best design relative to a set of prioritized criteria or constraints which include maximizing factors such as productivity, strength, reliability, longevity, efficiency and utilization. Mathematical model attempts to optimize (maximize or minimize) an objective function without violating resource constraints. Various optimization techniques are used to achieve optimality of systems. The objective of the paper is to employed appropriate optimization techniques in worked examples to achieve optimality of systems. Keywords: Optimality, Optimization Techniques, Systems Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 118-125 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021964 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1964 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1964 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031964.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:118-125 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Panagiota Xanthopoulou Author-Name: Vassilis Kefis Title: Public Organisations and Public Management in Greece: The Implementation of Private Management Tools in the Public Sector Abstract: Τhe public sector in Greece faces an increasingly urgent challenge today. There is a strong need to find the ways and set the measures to reform it in depth with long-lasting outcomes. These reforms depend on a new structured public administration to carry them through. The present paper analyses the basic concepts and the most important theoretical approaches to the cognitive subject of public administration and public policy, while thoroughly examining the attitudes that make up the public policy cycle in the light of different theoretical approaches. In addition, the most important reformist trends are presented as vital proposals in the traditional form of public administration and policy. Keywords: New Public Management, Public Administration, Public Sector, Reformation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-54 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021965 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1965 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1965 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031965.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:45-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanmin Zhong Title: MPP+ Attenuates the Inhibition of p53 by Parkin in SH-SY5Y Cells Abstract: Parkin acts as a p53 transcriptional repressor, binds to p53 gene promoter in the nucleus, thereby inhibiting the transcription of p53 gene. However, whether this process take part in Parkinson's disease (PD) is unclear. In order to detect the inhibitory effect of parkin on p53 in the PD model, parkin-transfected SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). The results showed that parkin could inhibit the expression of p53 protein under physiological conditions, but in the PD cell model, the function of parkin impaired, which reduced the inhibitory function of p53. Keywords: Parkin, p53, Parkinson's Disease Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-12 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019021967 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1967 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1967 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041967.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:10-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhe Sun Author-Name: Xianfei Yan Author-Name: Xiaolu Fang Author-Name: Hong Yu Title: Concurrent Weekly Cisplatin vs Triweekly Cisplatin Alone with Radiotherapy for Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Abstract: To confirm the difference on side effect and survival between Weekly cisplatin and Triweekly cisplatin combined radiotherapy for cervical cancer treatment. Method The searching strategy was developed in EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane library from their earliest publication dates to May 2018. 8 studies were seclected to ompare weekly cisplatin and triweekly cisplatin combined radiotherapy. Results Of the 1134 research literatures, 8 were eligible for inclusion and included in the analysis. Our meta-analysis proved that there were no obvious difference on leukopenia (OR, 0.14;95% CI, 0.04-0.49, p=0.07), Gastrointestinal toxicity (OR, 1.17;95% CI, 0.46-2.97, p=0.91), and 5-Y OS (OR, 0.93, 95% CI, 0.74-1.17, P= 0.54) between Weekly cisplatin and Triweekly cisplatin combined radiotherapy, but Weekly cisplatin has the tendency to reduce the leukopenia happen. Conclusion Weekly cisplatin and Triweekly cisplatin combined radiotherapy have their own advantages, and there were no obvious difference between them. Patients can choose the treatment that suits themselves. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Cisplatin, Side Effcets, Meta-Analysis, 5-Year OS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 109-113 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021968 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1968 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1968 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031968.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:109-113 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qian Zhang Author-Name: Huailong Sun Title: Study on the Release of Vancomycin-Loaded Calcium Sulphate by Three-Dimensional Printing in Vitro Abstract: Objective: To prepare a three-layer cylindrical drug carrier with different drug concentration in each layer by using 3D printing technology, and compare it with the drug carrier prepared by ordinary mold to discuss the drug release rules of the two groups of carriers. Methods：the experimental group was the three layers of cylindrical calcium sulfate carrier prepared by the 3D printer, vancomycin content is different, each layer from top to bottom respectively contain vancomycin 25 mg, 50 mg, 25 mg, compared with vancomycin and calcium sulfate by mould preparation after mixing , each contain vancomycin 100 mg，two groups of total content of vancomycin was same, Soak in 5 ml PBS buffer after drying, respectively at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30day point in time, detection of drug release from two groups of carriers ,and discuss the drug release rule of two groups. Results: The drug release of the experimental group was more stable than that of the control group. Conclusion: The release effect of sustained release vector prepared by 3D printing is better than that prepared by ordinary mold. Keywords: 3D Printing, Infectious Bone Defect, Vancomycin-Loaded Calcium Sulphate, Sustained-Release Vector Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 94-96 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021972 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1972 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1972 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031972.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:94-96 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adeoye Bolade K. Author-Name: Ani Ime F. Author-Name: Adeyeye Joshua A. Author-Name: Ngozi Elizabeth O. Author-Name: Adebiyi Raheemat A. Title: Quality Evaluation of Soycorn Yoghurt Fermented with Starter Culture and Corn Steep Water Abstract: This study aimed at producing yoghurt from corn and soybean milk using starter culture and corn steep water for fermentation and evaluating its qualities. Yoghurt was produced from three blends of corn milk and soymilk (70:30, 50:50, 30:70) and starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and corn steep water were used for fermentation for 16 h at 36 oC respectively. After fermentation the yoghurt samples were refrigerated for 3 h to terminate the process of fermentation and the yoghurt samples were homogenized, sweetened and flavoured. The physico-chemical properties, physical properties, chemical composition and microbiological quality of the yoghurt samples were determined. Organoleptic properties of the yoghurt samples was evaluated using 10- membered panel and the yoghurt samples were compared with Hollandia yoghurt. All results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P< 0.05 and means were separated using Duncan multiple range tests. The pH (6.1- 6.3) of the samples was not significantly different before fermentation but became significantly different after fermentation (4.0- 4.4) at P< 0.05. The titratable acidity was 0.17% before fermentation but was 0.66 – 1.07% which was significantly different after fermentation. The specific gravity before fermentation ranged from 1.01- 1.02 and 1.01 and 1.03 after fermentation with no significant difference. There was significant difference in the syneresis (16.3 – 27.4 %) with samples fermented with starter culture having higher rate of syneresis. Chemical composition of the samples differ significantly though there was no marked difference between samples fermented with starter culture and corn steep water. The lactic acid bacteria count ranged between 1.0 × 104 - 5.0 × 104 Cfu/ml and the results of sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference in all the yoghurt samples except the control. Thus, there was no marked difference in the qualities of soycorn yoghurt fermented with starter culture and soycorn yoghurt fermented with corn steep water. Keywords: Fermentation, Soycorn, Starter Culture, Steep Water, Yoghurt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-67 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021974 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1974 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1974 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031974.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:60-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. V. Anisimova Author-Name: A. S. Gunchenko Author-Name: A. Yu. Ikonnikova Author-Name: S. S. Galkin Author-Name: M. A. Avdonina Author-Name: T. V. Nasedkina Author-Name: Z. Abdukhalikova Title: Study of the Role of Polymorphism of ACE, GP1BA, PDE4D Genes and Clinical Features in the Development of Cerebrovascular Diseases Abstract: The frequency of cerebrovascular diseases remains high in developed countries. Currently, studies are devoted to the study of factors predisposing to the development of cerebrovascular diseases, they include the study of both modified and not modified, including genetic ones. On the basis of the in Stroke center of N. I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital №1, Moscow, two groups of patients were examined - 91 patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and 69 patients with ischemic stroke. Associations of polymorphisms of ACE, GP1BA, PDE4D genes with the course of cerebrovascular diseases were identified. Keywords: Stroke, Chronic Cerebral Ischemia, Risk Factors, PDE4D, ACE, GP1BA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 97-101 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021975 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1975 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1975 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031975.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:97-101 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xianfei Yan Author-Name: Xiumei Chu Author-Name: Nan Ge Author-Name: Dong Wang Author-Name: Yudong Han Author-Name: Shixun Wang Author-Name: Yang Li Author-Name: Panpan Wang Author-Name: Yongjie Wang Title: Postoperative Analgesia in Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Retrospective Analysis Abstract: Background. Lobectomy by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become a well-established and widespread therapeutic method for treating early lung cancer. However, VATS, especially VATS lobectomy, is still associated with moderate acute postoperative pain. The optimal strategy for postoperative analgesia after VATS lobectomy remains undetermined. Anesthesiologists and surgeons thus require an evidence-based VATS pain management approach. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 352 patients who underwent VATS (either lobectomy or wedge resection). The patients were divided into four groups for comparative analysis of analgesic effects and safety: Group A, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA); Group B, PCA + flurbiprofen axetil (FA); Group C, PCA + FA + tramadol hydrochloride; and Group D, PCA + FA + a buprenorphine transdermal system (BTDS). Results. All 352 patients were included in the primary analysis. The analgesic effect in Group D was significantly better than that in the other three groups on postoperative days 2 and 3 (P = 0.035 and P = 0.001, respectively). Patients in Group D had better outcomes with respect to the postoperative day of chest tube removal (P = 0.000), volume of chest tube drainage (P = 0.024), and postoperative day of discharge (P = 0.000). However, the medical expense of hospitalization was not significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.809). Conclusions. Multimodal analgesia involving PCA + FA + BTDS provides effective analgesia; fewer analgesia-related complications; and a reduced patient economic burden, healthcare workload, and opioid requirement. Keywords: Buprenorphine Transdermal System, Multimodal Analgesia, Ain, stoperative, Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 102-108 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021977 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1977 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1977 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031977.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:102-108 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hengxia Fu Author-Name: Mengmeng Zhang Author-Name: Jiangnan Qin Author-Name: Wei Luo Author-Name: Bin Wang Title: Studying the Features of CRISPR Loci in Stenotrophomonas Abstract: To study the genetic structure of the Stenotrophomonas CRISPR-Cas system using bioinformatics methods. Methods The sequence information of all Stenotrophomonas strains published in the CRISPRdb database was collected, and the CRISPR locus was analyzed using the CRISPRFinder software; All spacers were searched by BLAST platform in the PubMed database to find homologous sequences, and then the relationship between the number of spacer sequences and the number of phages was statistically analyzed. Results According to statistics, 15 confirmed CRISPR structures and 132 questionable CRISPRs were found in 26 strains of Stenotrophomonas, and the repeat sequences of CRISPR structures in different strains were more conservative. Only 1.3% of spacers were homologous with the sequences of known bacteriophages or plasmid in NCBI database. Conclusion The targeted genes of the spacer sequences are mainly from the genome of the bacteria, indicating that the evolution of the Stenotrophomonas CRISPR is related to other bacterial genes. In addition, the negative correlation between the spacer sequence and the number of phages indicates that CRISPR can prevent phage invasion. Analysis of the structure of CRISPR loci in the genome of Stenotrophomonas laid the foundation for further study of drug resistance and genomic stability. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Repeat Sequence, Spacer Sequence Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 88-93 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021978 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1978 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1978 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031978.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:88-93 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mateus Henrique da Silva Faria Author-Name: Ana Flávia Azevedo Querichelli Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Patients with Priapism treated at a University Hospital Abstract: Priapism is urological emergency that consists of a prolonged erection for more than four hours, independently of sexual stimulation. Due to its low incidence, the pidemiology is not fully known. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and sociodemographic profile of patients with priapism treated at a university hospital. A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted involving the records of patients with priapism treated at an emergency urological service between January 2011 and August 2018. The variables analyzed were age, ethnicity, marital status, previous adverse health conditions, the use of recreational drugs and the number of visits to the hospital by each patient. Forty-two patients with priapism were studied, totaling 178 hospital visits. The analysis of the charts revealed age ranging from 15 to 85 years, with the majority of cases (72%) occurring between 20 and 50 years of age. Regarding ethnicity and marital status, 64% were self-declared white, 22% were self-declared black, 43% were married and 33% were single. Approximately 52% of the patients (n = 22) had a previous adverse health condition. Among these individuals, eight (36%) had a blood disease, the most frequent of which was sickle cell anemia (n = 5; 62.5%). Eleven (26%) patients reported using recreational drugs and 74% made no use of drugs. Analyzing the number of hospital visits per patient, 57% were treated for a single episode and 43% (n = 18) returned more than once to the urological emergency service with the same condition. Based on the present findings obtained from a university hospital, sickle cell anemia was the most frequent condition among the patients. No significant association was found between the use of recreational drugs and the occurrence of priapism. The most affected age group was 20 to 40 years, with a predominance of white, married men. Keywords: Erectile Dysfunction, Ischemic, Non-Ischemic, Priapism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 84-87 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021979 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1979 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1979 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031979.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:84-87 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chen W Author-Name: Cao HaiS Author-Name: Sun XiaoM Title: Changes of Learning and Memory Ability in fos-GFP Transgenic Mice Abstract: Objective To study the changes of learning and memory ability in fos-GFP transgenic mice. Methods The mice in the fos-GFP group and the control were tested by using overhead cross maze,open field,and Morris Water Maze[1]. The spontaneous activity,anxiety state,the ability of learning and memory were tested as well. Results The differences between fos-GFP mice and the control were not significant in terms of distance of motion within the field,velocity,duration of stay at the marginal zone,and duration of open arm in the maze(p>0.05).The difference between the mice in the two groups was not significant with regard to latency of finding the flat at each time point(p>0.05),and the percentage of duration in target quadrant in Morris Water Maze(p>0.05),and similar freezing time in contextual fear conditioning test(p>0.05).The fos-GFP mice showed higher freezing level than normal controls in no-exposed fear conditioning(t=9.48,P<0.001). Conclusion The ability of hippocampus-dependent associative learning and memory in fos-GFP transgenic mice was somewhat improved. Keywords: fos-GFP Fused Protein, Learning, Memory, Neurobehavioral Manifestations, Mice Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-43 Volume: 8 Issue: 02 Year: 2019 Month: February Number: V82019021981 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1981 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1981 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019021981.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:2:p:39-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wang Jing Author-Name: Wang Zhiguo Author-Name: Cai Xia Author-Name: Li kun Author-Name: Hao Rongan Author-Name: An Yu Title: Research Progress on Exosomes Derived from Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells Abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential of multi-directional differentiation, have stable genetic information, can self-replicate and renew, and are commonly used as seed cells in the field of regeneration1. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are the most commonly used mesenchymal stem cells. Compared with other mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells have a wide range of sources, relatively simple acquisition methods and less trauma2. Therefore, adipose mesenchymal stem cells have gradually become a new favorite in stem cell research. However, due to the harsh storage conditions and inconvenient transportation of living cells, the survival rate of direct transplantation into living organisms is low, which makes it difficult for clinical application. Exosome is a kind of extracellular secretory vesicle, which exists in almost all body fluids and can be extracted from the supernatant of most cultured cells in vitro3. It has the characteristics of secretory cells, simple storage, convenient transportation and low immunogenicity, providing a new direction for the clinical application of adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, this paper reviews the exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells. Keywords: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells, ADSCs, Mesenchyma Stem Cell, Exosomes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 114-117 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019021984 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1984 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1984 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019031984.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:114-117 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qi Wang Author-Name: Kun Wang Title: The Role of TMEM127 in mTOR Pathway and Cancer Suppression Abstract: Transmembrane Protein 127 (TMEM127), also known as FLJ20507, mutated in pheochromocytomas and renal cancers. The current study found that TMEM127 is widely distributed, versatile and closely related to the occurrence of disease. In this article, We summarize the function of TMEM127 in the signaling pathway and its impact on disease in detail. In the mTOR signaling pathway, TMEM127 regulates cell growth and proliferation, and acts as a tumor suppressor to inhibit tumorigenesis. Moreover, it can be used as a diagnostic indicator in pheochromocytoma and hereditary paraganglioma-pheochromocytoma syndrome. In addition, we have integrated the current clinical data and monitoring methods. This will provide ideas for further exploration of the function of TMEM127 and also provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. Keywords: TMEM127, mTOR Pathway, Pheochromocytoma, Paraganglioma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-9 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019031985 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1985 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1985 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041985.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:4-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaobo Cong Author-Name: Lin Hou Author-Name: Haoyue Luo Author-Name: Yanan Hua Author-Name: Xue Li Author-Name: Fangling Wang Author-Name: Li Zhang Author-Name: Zheng Zhang Author-Name: Ning Li Title: Isatin Inhibits SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cell Invasion and Metastasis through LSD1 Activity Inhibition Abstract: Isatin has received much attention in recent years due to its anti-cancer properties[1], which offer important medical benefits. Isatin is an endogenous oxidized indole with a wide spectrum of behavioral and metabolic effects[2] and is commonly found in mammalian tissues and fluids[3]. It has many possible uses on the biomedical field[4] [5]and has also been investigated as a potential anti-cancer drug. However, its effects on neuroblastoma (NB) cells is still a mystery. This research aimed to elucidate the effects of Isatin on neuroblastoma cells metastasis and invasion and the underlying mechanism. Neuroblastoma cells viability was tested by CCK8. NB cells invasion and migration ability were tested by transwell and wound healing experiment. The mRNA relative expression of related molecules are detected by Rt-PCR and q-PCR. The protein relative expression of related molecules are detected by Simple western blotting. Our results demonstrated that isatin could inhibit neuroblastoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, isatin increases the expression level of H3K4m1, PTEN. All results support the potential anti-metastatic effect of isatin in neuroblastoma cells. Keywords: Isatin, Neuroblastoma, PTEN, LSD1, Invasion Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-32 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019031986 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.1986 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/1986 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019041986.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:27-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mikouendanandi Mouendo Rahmat Brice Espoire Author-Name: Wen Yali Author-Name: Mouendo Nunes Rosine Title: Comparative Study between Colonial Forest Policy and the New Sustainable Forest Policy in the Republic of the Congo Abstract: The objective of our study on the changes that have marked the evolution of forest policy in Congo during the colonial period to the present day, based on surveys conducted in several villages, is to understand the changes in this activity. Beyond the analysis of the dynamics of forest policy change, we wanted to demonstrate an evolution of the relationships between the government, the local population and their socio-political and economic environment on the one hand, and to respond to the problem of the articulation between the dynamics of social changes in these multi-ethnic societies and the dynamics of the coastal space they share. Congo derives a significant set of economic, social and environmental benefits from its forests. Given the vast size and limited accessibility of its forest territory, the Government of Congo has seriously engaged in a process to improve the monitoring of forest activities on its territory in order to strengthen its capacity for sustainable forest planning and management. This commitment has included several initiatives to collect, produce, consolidate, centralize and process data sets from forest monitoring activities. Keywords: The Republic of Congo, Colonial Forest Policy, the new Forest Policy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-53 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032006 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2006 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2006 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042006.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:46-53 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tang yixin Author-Name: Hui-Zhen Zhang Title: Effect of Antarctic Krill Oil on Astaxanthin in Rat Serum Abstract: To explore whether the antarctic krill oil has an impact on astaxanthin ester absorption process, provide scientific basis and theoretical support for the development and application of Antarctic krill oil in functional food or special medical food. Methods: 150 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, 0.208g oil/kg.bw Antarctic krill oil group, 1.25mg/kg body wt of astaxanthin group, 1.25mg/kg body wt of astaxanthin+0.208g oil/kg.bw Antarctic krill oil group and 1.25mg/kg body wt of astaxanthin+0.208g oil/kg.bw Fish oil group.Samples were collected at ten time points(0, 0.5,1,2,4,8,10,12,16,24h) after administering a single oral dose corresponding to rats via the intragastric gavage mode and the astaxanthin concentrations in samples were detected using Hplc.Results: The maximum concentration of astaxanthin in the serum of ASTA- krill oil group was delayed by 6 h compared with the ASTA group. The highest concentration of ASTA- krill oil group in serum was was 5.3 times of ASTA- Fish oil group, which was 8.4 times that of ASTA group. The serum AUC values of ASTA-krill oil group,the ASTA group and the ASTA-Fish oil group were 108.39±2.34ug∙h/L, 14.35±0.21 ug∙h/L, 23.39±0.46 ug∙h/L, respectively., reflecting that the bioavailability of ASTA- krill oil in rats is higher than that of ASTA group, which is better than ASTA- Fish oil .Conclusion: The serum absorption rate of the ASTA- krill oil group are excellent. Antarctic krill oil promotes the bioavailability of astaxanthin and provides scientific basis and theoretical support for the development and application of functional foods or special medical foods. Keywords: Antarctic Krill Oil, Rat, Astaxanthin, Serum Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-39 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019032008 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2008 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2008 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019032008.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:35-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sun Ningchuan Author-Name: Liang Ye Author-Name: Lijiang Sun Author-Name: Niu Haitao Title: Study on the Effect of Glutamine on Proliferation and Survival of Bladder Cancer T24 Cells Abstract: Objective To observe the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the proliferation and survival of bladder cancer T24 cells and explore its mechanism. Methods MTT was used to detect the proliferation of T24 cells in Gln(+) and Gln(-) groups under different time gradients. The best time was selected and the Gln(+) and Gln(-) groups were analyzed at the this time. Between the Gln(+)+Don gradients groups, T24 cells were tested for cell proliferation. Survival ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content of T24 bladder cancer cells in Gln(+), Gln(-) and Gln(+)+Don groups were detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and ROS kits, respectively. The Gln(-) group was used as the control group, and the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) was added to the experimental group to observe the cell proliferation level and survival ratio. Results Compared with Gln(+) group, the proliferation level of T24 cells in Gln(-) group decreased at 24, 48, and 72h, and it was most obvisously at 72h. Compared with the Gln(+) group, the cell proliferation levels of the Gln(-) group and the Gln(+)+Don group were significantly decreased, the ROS level were increased, and the survival rate were decreased significiently. Versus the Gln(-) group, the levels of ROS in the Gln(-)+NAC group decreased, and the proliferation level and survival rate increased. Conclusion Gln deficiency can inhibit the proliferation and survival of T24 cells by increasing ROS levels. Keywords: Glutamine, Bladder Cancer, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cell Proliferation, Cell Survival Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 68-71 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032009 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2009 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2009 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042009.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:68-71 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammed Donmez Author-Name: Onur Yemenici Title: A Numerical Study on Centrifugal Pump Performance with the Influence of Non-Newtonian Fluids Abstract: In the present study, effects of non-Newtonian fluids on the characteristics of a centrifugal pump which was designed at 3300 rpm and 40 l/min for water were examined numerically. A numerical analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics methodology was carried out. Water and three different non-Newtonian fluids of CMC 0.4%, CMC 0.3% and CMC 0.2% which derived from Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) solution were used in the analyses. The analyses were performed with the flow rates range of 10-80 l/min and rotor speed values of 3300 rpm and 1400 rpm. The results showed that the performance of the pump with non-Newtonian fluids was better than the water at 3300 rpm, contrary to 1400 rpm. Keywords: Centrifugal Pump Performance, Closed Impeller, Non-Newtonian Fluids, CFD Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-45 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032010 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2010 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2010 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042010.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:39-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin-Yuan Cong Author-Name: Hui-Zhen Zhang Title: Recent Progress in Sources, Biological Activity and Application of Astaxanthin Abstract: Astaxanthin is a powerful biological antioxidant that exists in many living organisms. Various biological activities of astaxanthin confirmed in experimental animals studies. Astaxanthin has enormous potential and promising applications in food and medicine industry. In this paper, the sources,biological function,application of astaxanthin were reviewed.The current review has helpful for the further study on astaxanthin and its applications. Keywords: Astaxanthin, Source, Physiological Activity, Application Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-34 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019032011 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2011 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2011 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019032011.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:31-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter A. Akah Author-Name: Theresa S. Nwagu Author-Name: Martha N. Oforkansi Title: Evaluation of the Anti-snake Venom Activity of Leaf Extract of Sansevieria liberica ger.& labr (Agavaceae.) in Mice Abstract: The prevalence of snake bite and death from snake bite envenomation is becoming a serious public health problem globally. The cost, non availability and the adverse reactions associated with antisnake venom serum has favoured the use of medicinal herbs by traditional healers in the treatment of snakebites. In this study we evaluated the antisnake venom activity of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica against Naja naja nigricollis venom in mice. S. liberica is very popular among the traditional healers in south east Nigeria for the treatment of snake bites. The ground fresh leaves were extracted with ethanol and a portion of the ethanol extract was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol to afford the respective solvent fractions. The extract was subjected to acute toxicity (LD50) and phytochemical testing. The LD50 of the venom was similarly determined, The antisnake venom activity of the extract/fraction was determined against the LD50 (353.5 ug/kg) and double the LD50 (707 ug/kg) of the venom. The effect of the extract on bleeding and clotting time of the venom-intoxicated mice was investigated. Also studied was the effect of the extract on acetylcholine-induced contraction of the isolated frog rectus abdominus. The extract/fractions significantly protected the mice from Naja naja nigricollis venom-induced mortality in mice. The bleeding and clotting time of the venom-intoxicated rats were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by the extract/fractions. The acetylcholine-induced contraction of frog rectus abdominus was significantly inhibited by the extract. These results suggest that the leaves of S. liberica exhibit antisnake venom properties that could be harnessed in treating patients with snakebite envenomation. Keywords: Sansevieria liberica, Naja naja nigricollis, Bleeding Time, Clotting Time, Frog Rectus Abdominus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-67 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032012 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2012 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2012 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042012.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:60-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adelya Khayrova Author-Name: Sergey Lopatin Author-Name: Valery Varlamov Title: Black Soldier Fly Hermetia illucens as a Novel Source of Chitin and Chitosan Abstract: Black soldier fly allows to efficiently convert residual biomasses into a valuable source of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids and chitin. In this study, a new method for obtaining amorphous chitin from the black soldier fly larvae was developed with a further deacetylation step. Amorphous chitin was obtained by direct extraction using concentrated phosphoric acid. The purity of the resulting chitin was confirmed by physicochemical methods (elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, measurement of primary amines, amino acid analysis). Crystalline chitin and high molecular weight chitosan were obtained by the standard procedure including demineralisation, deproteinisation and deacetylation steps. This method allows to extract chitosan, suitable for a wide range of applications. Keywords: Chitin, Chitosan, Hydrolysis, Deacetylation, Insects, Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 81-86 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032015 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2015 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2015 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042015.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:81-86 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Ahsanuddin Author-Name: Tayyab Raza Fraz Author-Name: Samreen Fatima Title: Studying the Volatility of Pakistan Stock Exchange and Shanghai Stock Exchange Markets in the Light of CPEC: An Application of GARCH and EGARCH Modelling Abstract: Globalization in the new millennium has brought a set of profound social, economic and political changes in the world. Pakistan and her neighboring country China have joined hands and has initiated China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) which is an ambitious project that focuses on improving connectivity and cooperation among both the neighboring giants. The growing nexus between China and Pakistan through CPEC is going to strengthen their markets as well stock markets. Ultimately both the economies are bound to benefit consequently resulting in increased GDP of both the countries. In this piece of research, we have studied the impact of CPEC on Pakistan Stock Market (PSX) and SSE by employing GARCH and EGARCH model from January 2011 to March 2019 on daily basis which shows recent purchases of up to 45% of Pakistani shares owned by China. Empirical analysis shows that in PSX risk parameter is little bit higher in post-CPEC comparatively pre-CPEC period. Volatility of SSE has high in both pre and post-CPEC period as compared to PSX. It reveals that PSX market after the advent of CPEC is showing stability which is a sign of encouragement for businessmen, traders and investors to invest. Market stability has increased manifold and the findings are supported by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI). Recently Bloomberg has ranked Pakistan amongst the first 5 best performing stocks around the world. The research findings show PSX has a high potential for growth and is expected to become a lucrative market for businessmen, traders and investors. Keywords: GARCH, EGARCH, CPEC, PSX, SSE Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 125-132 Volume: 8 Issue: 03 Year: 2019 Month: March Number: V82019032016 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2016 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2016 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019032016.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:3:p:125-132 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Allen D. Parks Title: A Note Concerning Equipotent Digraph Homomorphism Sets Abstract: Functor adjunctions are fundamental to category theory and have recently found applications in the empirical sciences. In this paper a functor adjunction on a special full subcategory of the category of digraphs is borrowed from mathematical biology and used to equate cardinalities of sets of homomorphisms between various types of digraphs and associated line digraphs. These equalities are especially useful for regular digraphs and are applied to obtain homomorphism set cardinality equalities for the classes of de Bruijn digraphs and Kautz digraphs. Such digraphs play important roles in bioinformatics and serve as architectures for distributed high performance computing networks. Keywords: Category Theory, Functors, Adjunctions, Digraphs, Line Digraphs, Homomorphisms, De Bruijn Digraphs, Kautz Digraphs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-52 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019032017 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2017 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2017 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052017.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:47-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Muhammad Ahsanuddin Author-Name: Mushtaq Ahmed Author-Name: Saba Naz Title: Use of Spreadsheets to Teach Mathematical Applications in Economics Abstract: The use of spreadsheets is increasing with the passage of time. Concepts are made clear and problems are made easier to understand by teaching economics using spreadsheets. In the contemporary world new concepts are evolving fast where mathematical formulations and graphical analysis are a requirement. In this regard the use of spreadsheets saves time for tedious computations as well as makes available new styles and techniques. The use of computers in economic analysis is increasing and there is a growing computational environment and extensive use of functions with content-specific templates employed in teaching methods. In modern times students of economics and people from different professions carry out routine work with the help of MS office and Excel spreadsheets. These can be used for simulating the impact of movements in conic sections by economists and mathematicians studying a plethora of phenomena. Students of economics, physics and mathematics must learn how to exploit spreadsheets for data analysis and programing purposes which is a need of time. In this manuscript we have shown two examples of mathematical applications to economics. In one of the examples we showed determination of equilibrium point graphically. The second example is unique in a sense that it covers optimization with some constraints in nonlinear programming. The optimal point is found through simulation. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019032018 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2018 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2018 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042018.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Seyed Bijan Mahbaz Author-Name: Milad Mosharafi Author-Name: Maurice B. Dusseault Title: Molecular Dynamics approach for Fracture Simulation along a Weakly Bonded Interface Abstract: Opening mechanisms for fractures (joints) characterized by weak bonding (nano-micro scale cracks) in low-porosity rock play a key role in shale oil and shale gas development through staged hydraulic fracturing. We explore the cohesive interface strength of two weakly bonded slabs of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with nano-scale Molecular Dynamics (MD) methods, calibrated to experimental data and simulated by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The proper stress/strain state at the weakly bonded interface is determined because it is required for MD simulation. Then, we develop a representative PMMA structure as an input for LAMMPS© software to simulate a tensile strength test. Results including per-atom stress values and pressures in different components are extracted, and we note that the fracture location and its behavior deduced from MD simulations follows experimental results. The total force for this simulation is close to 80 × 106 N, and we can use this parameter to reflect the fracture behavior of the weakly bonded PMMA slabs with an acceptable accuracy, considering the levels of uncertainty. Keywords: Fracture Opening, Molecular Dynamics (MD), Finite Element Method (FEM), Polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 148-158 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019032019 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2019 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2019 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052019.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:148-158 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yang Heping Author-Name: Zhang Guiqiang Title: Successful Recanalization by Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis with a Continuous Intra-arterial Infusion of Low-Dose Tirofiban for Acute Carotid In-Stent Thrombosis Abstract: A 65-year-old female presented with severe left cervical internal carotid artery stenosis manifesting as repeated transient ischemic attacks(TIAs) consisting of right hemiparesis and motor aphasia. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) under distal protection was performed to prevent further ischemic events. This procedure was uneventful. However, the patient exhibited progressive right hemiparesis and motor aphasia three hours after CAS. Emergent angiography revealed carotid artery occlusion due to acute carotid in-stent thrombosis (ACIST). Mechanical thrombectomy was performed. The carotid artery was recanalized with small residual thrombus. The neurological deficits partial disappeared after mechanical thrombectomy following catheter directed thrombolysis combined with a continuous intra-arterial infusion of low-dose tirofiban for ACIST. Follow-up angiography 9 months after stenting showed lessens restenosis and no in-stent thrombosis. Carotid thrombosis after CAS can be resolved by mechanical thrombectomy combined with in-stent catheter directed intra-arterial thrombolysis with a continuous infusion of low-dose tirofiban for more than 24hr and subsequent treatment with antithrombotic agents. This management is a feasible solution to ACIST. Keywords: Acute Carotid In-Stent Thrombosis (ACIST), Mechanical Thrombectomy, Intra-arterial Continuous Thrombolysis, Low Dose Tirofiban Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 75-78 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019032023 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2023 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2023 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052023.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:75-78 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saba Naz Author-Name: Mirza Jawwad Baig Author-Name: Syed Inayatullah Author-Name: Tanveer Ahmed Siddiqi Author-Name: Muhammad Ahsanuddin Title: Flood Risk Assessment of Guddu Barrage using Gumbel’s Distribution Abstract: This paper presents the results of the study carried out on Indus River at Guddu barrage, to analysis flood frequency using Gumbel distribution for the prediction of next flood by using pervious data. The catastrophic flood of 1976,1986 and 2010 were the examples of heavy flood in the last 50 years .The Gumbel distribution has been applied to the annual records of 36 years flood peak discharge data .The trend line equation suggest a 0.983 coefficient of determination, which shows that there is no significant differences between recorded and predicted flood flows. At the area of study, information of preceding 18 flood’s peaks of 36 years have been collected and analyzed for flood risk assessment. The forecast peak flows were obtained by proposed Gumbel’s flood frequency and analytical method have been used for different return periods. Keywords: Flood Frequency Analyses, Probability, Gumbel Distribution, Return Period, Guddu Barrage, Indus River Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-38 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019042024 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2024 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2024 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042024.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:33-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Echem, Ogbonda G Author-Name: Kalagbor, Ihesinachi A Author-Name: Lucky, G.B Title: Determination of PAHs and BTEX in Soil and Crops (Cocoyam and Cassava) of Crude Oil Impacted Community, Mogho Gokana, Nigeria Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the impact of crude oil spillage on soil and harvested tuber crops (cocoyam and cassava) in Mogho Community. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) were investigated using Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detector. Tuber crops and soils from crude oil impacted area of Mogho Community were used as the sample; while soil not impacted by crude oil were collected from Bori was used as the control. The results obtained for PAHs showed mean concentration of 0.035mg/kg for polluted soil; 0.001mg/kg for cassava, and 0.005mg/kg for cocoyam harvested from the polluted soil while the unpolluted soil (control) had a mean concentration of 0.002mg/kg. The mean concentration of BTEX for the samples was <0.001 which is below detection limit. The presence of PAHs in samples was found to be both low molecular weight and high molecular weight. The PAHs found in the polluted soil was higher compared to that of the unpolluted soil. The concentration of PAHs found in samples, exceeds the recommended permissible limit of WHO standard, which is (0.0001mg/kg). These results reveal that crude oil pollution is responsible for the presence of PAHs in soils and tuber crops like cassava and cocoyam which are frequently consumed in our localities. Government and oil companies should employ mitigating measures to deal with pipeline vandalization and oil spillage in this area. Keywords: PAHs, BTEX, Soil, Tuber Crops, Crude Oil Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-24 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042029 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2029 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2029 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052029.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:19-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Akintelu Sunday Adewale Author-Name: Abiola babawale Emmanuel Author-Name: Ajayi Samuel Oluwakayode Author-Name: Olabemiwo Ojeyemi Matthew Title: Preliminary Study of the Effects of some Herbal Drugs on the Heamatological and Biochemical Parameter of Winster Albino Rats Abstract: The safety level of herbal drugs especially those that are produced in developing countries are of great concern to all stakeholders in health care system. The effects of aqueous extracts of five randomly selected locally produced antimalarial herbal drugs in South Western Nigeria on the biochemical and heamatological parameters of the blood of wistar albino rats were examined. Thirty three rats of both sex and of weight range 180 -200g were acclimatized for two weeks, after which they were randomly distributed into six groups (control,1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively) and each group containing three rats. The rats were then fed with standard animal feed (Adose animal feed) and water. Exactly 2 mL of the aqueous extract of each herbal drug was administered to the rats using annular syringe at doses of 200mg and 400mg/kg/day for a period of two weeks. At the end of the treatment, the rats were sacrificed and biochemical and heamatological analyses of their blood performed. The value of heamatological parameter examined in this study (Red blood count (RBC), Mean cell volume (MCV), Heamogobin and packed cell volume (PVC)) fell within the standard ranges but there were significant differences in all the values of heamatological parameters of control and test rats (p< 0.05) except PCV. All the biochemical parameters of the test rats showed a significant difference in the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and the albumin compared to the control (p< 0.05) except total protein. Keywords: Heamatological Parameter, Biochemical Parameter, Malaria, Herbal Drugs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-31 Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 Month: October Number: V82019042032 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2032 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2032 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019102032.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:10:p:26-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatima Anjum Author-Name: Rashida Rahmat Zohra Author-Name: Mahnaz Ahmad Author-Name: Raheela Rahmat Zohra Title: Pectinase Producers from Rotten Fruits and Vegetable Samples: Isolation, Screening and Characterization Abstract: Pectinases are one of the essential group of enzymes in the field of biotechnology and has applications in various industries including food, textile, paper industries and waste management. In this study, indigenous bacterial pectinase producers have been isolated from rotten fruits and vegetables (tomato, mango, peach and cabbage) on Luria agar. Sixty-six bacterial strains were screened out as potential pectinase producers among hundred and seventeen isolates. Screening of these pectinase producers were subjected to three parameters (temperature, pectin concentration and time). Seven strains were screened out to be potential thermotolerant and high pectin concentration utilizing strains among which isolate no. 72 gave better results than other strains. Morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify bacterial pectinase producers, majority of which were identified as Bacillus sp. Keywords: Bacterial Pectinase, Isolation, Screening, Characterization Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 54-59 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019042033 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2033 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2033 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042033.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:54-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thomas Kuete Author-Name: Gabriel Lando Author-Name: Tazoacha Asonganyi Author-Name: Flobert Njiokou Author-Name: Albert Same-Ekobo Title: IgM and IgG Antibody Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay Profile Detected Using Adult Schistosoma guineensis Extract In Sera from Cameroonian Infected by Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma guineensis Abstract: Schistosomiasis is endemic in Cameroon with three Schistosoma species infecting human in many areas. Data from many countries endemic for S.mansoni, S.haematobium and S.japonicum reported an age-dependent antibody response profile using homologous adult schistosome antigen extract. Less is known about the antibody profile in schistosomiasis endemic areas in Cameroon. This study aimed to assess the IgM and IgG antibody profiles using adult S.guineensis extract in immune sera from Schistosoma egg positive Cameroonians from intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis endemic areas. Whole adult S.guineensis antigen was extracted from a Cameroonian S.guineensis strain maintained in laboratory. The antigen extract was a supernatant obtained after centrifugation of grinded freeze-thawed 45 days old worms in enzyme inhibitor solution. Sera were obtained from residents of schistosomiasis endemic areas with microscopically confirmed monospecific infection by S.guineensis, S.mansoni or S.haematobium and Schistosoma free control sera from non endemic area. IgM and IgG antibody titers detection was proceeded by indirect ELISA using HRP-conjugated secondary IgM or IgG antibody. Optical densities (OD) were recorded with a spectrophotometer plate reader at 495 nm and mean OD were statistically analyzed according to age using Student t-test and egg load using ANOVA test. A total of 189 sera were tested. Sera from S.haematobium, S.mansoni and S.guineensis infections represented 68, 73 and 46 respectively. Of S.mansoni infection sera, 31 were collected at Lagdo and 42 in S.mansoni monospecific focus. Age had no significant influence on mean IgM and IgG antibodies OD although mean IgM and IgG changed with age. Mean IgG antibody increased with age in the three schistosomiasis sera. According to age, mean IgM decreased in S.guineensis infections sera, decreased from young to participants aged 15 to 24 years then increased in older in schistosomiasis mansoni sera. In schistosomiasis haematobium sera, mean IgM increased from young to participants aged 15 to 24 years then decreased in older. Egg load influenced significantly mean IgM and IgG titers. Mean IgM OD decreased with egg load in each of the schistosomiasis whereas mean IgG decreased in intestinal schistosomiasis sera. Mean IgM and IgG antibody titers detected with adult S.guineensis extract using ELISA technique in either intestinal or urinary schistosomiasis endemic areas in Cameroon were not age dependent but egg load depended on egg load in urine and stool samples. Diagnostic performance of the adult S.guineensis extract in antibody detection has been tested. Keywords: Antibody, Optical Densities, Sera, ELISA, S.Mansoni, S.Guineensis, S.Haematobium, Infections, Cameroon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 67-74 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042038 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2038 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2038 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052038.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:67-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oguoma O.I. Author-Name: Oguoma L.M.O. Author-Name: Nwokediuko I.I. Author-Name: Emeka-Nwabunnia I. Author-Name: Ezejiofor CC Title: Qualitative and Quantitative Screening of Actinomycetes from Farmland and Rhizospheric Soil Abstract: Farmland soil and rhizospheric soil were screened for the presence of antibiotic producing Actinomycetes. Using culture based techniques. Isolates were isolated suaing two media: Starch Casein Agar medium and Actinomycetes Isolation Agar (AIA) medium. Isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically and identified to be in the genus Actinomycetes. Ten isolates were isolated with varied qualitative and quantitative spectrum of activity against Multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans. The quantitative antimicrobial assay recorded a zone of inhibition of 0-26mm diameter of zone of inhibition. Results show that the soil samples are important sources of antibiotics for the fight of Multidrug resistant isolates. Keywords: Actinomycetes, Antibiotics, Multidrug Resistance, Rhizopheric Soil Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-42 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019042041 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2041 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2041 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062041.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:39-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elsa Beyene Gebreslassie Author-Name: Anteneh T. Tefera Author-Name: Diriba Muleta Author-Name: Solomon Kiros Author-Name: Gary M. Wessel Title: Optimization of the Cultivation Conditions of Indigenous Wild Yeasts and Evaluation of their Leavening Capacity Abstract: Ethiopia has a high demand for baker's yeast in the bread and beverage industries. Unfortunately, Ethiopia has no producing plant for baker's yeast and instead relies on costly imports. The objective of this work was to identify the most productive and useful indigenous baker's yeasts isolated from local fermented foods and drinks, honey and Molasses using leavening ability as the major metric. Six of the test isolates produced a maximum cell mass at 30oC, pH of 5.5 and 48 hours of incubation. Isolate AAUTf1 did not produce hydrogen sulfide, while isolates AAUTf5, AAUTj15 and AAUSh17 produced low levels of this chemical, and isolates AAUMl20 and AAUWt21 produced high levels of hydrogen sulfide, neglecting their utility in baking. The leavening performance of isolates AAUTf1 (Candida humilis) and AAUTf5 (Kazachstania bulderi) had the highest dough volume of 131 cm3 and 128 cm3 respectively in 120 min. Isolates AAUSh17 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and AAUTj15 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) raised the dough volume of 127 cm3 and 125 cm3 respectively, at 60 min compared to commercial yeast (117 cm3 in 90 min). The study also revealed that mixed cultures of indigenous yeasts had better leavening capacity than single cultures. The co- inoculated cultures of AAUTf1 + AAUTf5 + AAUTj15, AAUTf5 + AAUTj15, and AAUTf1 + AAUTj15 + AAUSh17 reached 143 cm3 at 90 min, 141 cm3 and 140 cm3 both at 60 min, respectively. Thus, the indigenous isolates are candidates for optimizing utilization of yeast for fast promotion and utilization in the bakery industries. Keywords: Dough Fermentation, Indigenous Yeasts, Leavening Activity, Mixed Culture, Single Culture Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-23 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019042043 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2043 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2043 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062043.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:15-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Composition Operations of Generalized Entropies Applied to the Study of Numbers Abstract: The generalized entropies of C. Tsallis and G. Kaniadakis have composition operations, which can be applied to the study of numbers. Here we will discuss these composition rules and use them to study some famous sequences of numbers (Mersenne, Fermat, Cullen, Woodall and Thabit numbers). We will also consider the sequence of the repunits, which can be seen as a specific case of q-integers. Keywords: Generalized Entropies, Q-Calculus, Abelian Groups, Hyperbolic Functions, Fermat Numbers, Mersenne Numbers, Thabit Numbers, Repunits Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 87-92 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019042044 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2044 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2044 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042044.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:87-92 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Ahmad Hassan Title: Modelling Space-time Propagation of Climate Sensitive Variation in the Indus River Flow Abstract: The linear and nonlinear analyses of the impacts of local climatic parameters on Indus River flows as discussed in [1] and [2] gives provision to investigate the influential role of the regional climatic parameters. For this purpose this paper simulates the Indus River flow network using exponentially distributed river network (SRN) feed by employs synthetically generated local temperature and rainfall dependent runoffs. The local temperature and rainfall is generated using the stochastic, autoregressive and Poisson process methods respectively. To explore the influential role, the sensitivity analyses are performed by changing the local climatic parameter values. This demonstrates the existence of relation between the variability of temperature and rainfall on the river flow in the form of linear and nonlinear information and its propagation along the network. In the mean 10daily flow (TDF) propagation the dominant precipitation characteristic is linear. It is to be saying that the temperature variations make some way of only nonlinear behaviour in the TDF propagation. Accordingly, it explores the impact of local climatic parameters on the river flow and its propagation in the form of linear and nonlinear information. Keywords: Indus River, Local Climate, Propagation, River network Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 93-102 Volume: 8 Issue: 04 Year: 2019 Month: April Number: V82019042046 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2046 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2046 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019042046.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:4:p:93-102 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Ahmad Hassan Author-Name: Tanveer Ahmed Siddiqi Author-Name: Muhammad Imtiaz Author-Name: Syed Inayatullah Author-Name: Saba Naz Title: Flood Management in Pakistan’s Ecology Abstract: Flood management and control are essential to reduce economic and human life losses and to maintain the ecological condition. The intensity of occurrence of flood disasters constitutes a persistent and serious problem all round the world. Floods are growing in intensity and frequency year by year, producing adverse effects on the socioeconomic conditions of the country in question. This is particularly true for Pakistan since its birth. Serious scarcity of water in one season and disastrous floods in the other is a common observation. Vast rural and urban areas have to undergo a great disaster year by year. It seems that while some areas become less productive due to the deficiency of water. In the absence of any control measures a large amount of water is uselessly drained out in the sea. During the years when the river does not flow above the “fair irrigation level” for a sufficient time, canals are cut off from their water supply sooner and the entire irrigation system suffers. The arena of problems like correct assessment, proper storage, reliable control and judicious distribution of existing water masses among the provinces of Pakistan can be properly handled only by proper scientific research. For the prevention of major property damages and great agricultural losses, a detailed river flow study based on long-term predictions is very essential. For the study of uncertainty involved in real-time estimation and forecasting for the Pakistan’s rivers this paper stressing on the role of local climatological parameters on the IRS flow as these parameter influence the river flow extreme events (floods) and their management and control. For this purpose this paper giving a plan to design an early warning system and flood management and control plan. Keywords: Flood Management, Flood Control, Indus River, Climate Change Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-15 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042047 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2047 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2047 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052047.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:7-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiao Dandan Author-Name: Zhang Liwei Author-Name: Wang Jianxun Title: The Role of Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Cardiovascular Diseases Abstract: Parkin is a protein encoded by the PARK2 gene, whose mutations were first found in patients with Parkinson's disease. Recent studies reveal that Parkin plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in addition to its contribution in neurological and malignant diseases. The abnormalities of mitochondrial functions and structures play crucial role in the development of many pathological disorders, including CVD. Parkin is a vital component of mitophagy process, in which the damaged mitochondria is selectively removed to maintain the cellular homeostasis. This article summarizes the latest current updates of researches related to Parkin-mediated mitophagy and its functions in CVD. This would improve our understanding about the development of CVD and provide new therapeutic targets for the treatment of CVD. Keywords: Parkin, Mitophagy, Cardiovascular Disease Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-29 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042049 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2049 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2049 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052049.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:25-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ding Zhaodong Author-Name: Qi Hong Author-Name: Wang Ying Author-Name: Ma Guiliang Title: Study on Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone to Identify and Protect Parathyroid Gland during Total Thyroidectomy Abstract: Objective: By comparison and analysis preoperative and postoperative related indicators of the Control group (group A) and Fine-needle aspiration(FNA) rapid intraoperative parathyroid hormone (rIO-PTH) group (group B) .To further explore whether rIO-PTH has a certain value for the intraoperative identification and protection of the parathyroid glands, and reduce the incidence of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in postoperative. Improve the quality of life of patients with thyroidectomy. Methods: In this study, the patients were divided into group A, group B, with 35 cases in each group. In group B, the suspected parathyroid tissues was aspirated by FNA. Parathyroid gland was identified by the concentration of rIO-PTH in the puncture fluid. In group A, only in the traditional thyroid surgery way. Comparative analysis of postoperative PTH and blood calcium, numbers of intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands, the incidence of hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia in postoperative. Results: During the operation, the parathyroid glands were identified, the average of group A was (2.60.3), the average of group B was (3.00.2). There was a statistically significant difference in the average number of parathyroid glands between the two groups (P<0.05). Postoperative blood calcium and PTH levels were decreased in all the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) on the 1st, 4th, 7th and 30th day after surgery. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was 28.6% (10/35) in group A and 8.6% (3/35) in group B. The incidence of postoperative hypothyroidism was 37.1% (13/35) in group A and 14.3% (5/35) in group B. The incidence of hypocalcemia and hypothyroidism in the two groups was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) rapid intraoperative detection of parathyroid hormone (rIO-PTH) can identify parathyroid tissue. rIO-PTH can significantly reduce the excessive reduction of postoperative blood calcium and PTH levels in patients, and effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia and hypothyroidism. rIO-PTH has high clinical application value in identifying and protecting parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery. Keywords: Parathyroid Gland, Fine Needle Aspiration, Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone, Hypocalcemia, Hypothyroidism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042051 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2051 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2051 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052051.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alphonse Adite Author-Name: Rachad Sidi Imorou Author-Name: Hamidou Arame Author-Name: Antoine Chikou Author-Name: Nambil Kayode Adjibade Author-Name: Stanislas Pejanos Sonon Title: Ichthyofauna of Okpara Stream, a Tributary of Oueme River, Benin, West-Africa Abstract: In tropical Africa, and particularly in Benin, running waters dwell a high and valuable fish fauna that are almost unknown, but under severe degradation. The current study inventoried the fish biodiversity of the Okpara stream, the main tributary of the Oueme River (the largest in Benin), in order to fill the gap of ichthyological data and to improve habitat protection, species conservation and valorization. During 18 months, fish samplings were made monthly with various fishing gears on five (5) locations. A total of 53 fish species belonging to 30 genera, 14 families and 7 orders were recorded among a total of 9552 individual fish collected. The most representative families were Mormyridae with 9 species and Cichlidae with 8 species, then follow Mockokidae, Clariidae, Cyprinidae and Alestidae with 6, 6, 6, 4 species, respectively. Families such as Anabantidae, Bagridae, Claroteidae, Malapteruridae, Polypteridae and Schilbeidae were less represented and individually included 2 species. The Hepsetidae and Aplocheilidae were represented by one (1) species, respectively the African pike, Hepsetus odoe and Epiplatys bifasciatus. A holistic scheme of ecosystem management and species conservation requires a complete knowledge on the fish community structure, eco-toxicology and species ecological status. Keywords: Cichlidae, Dam, Degradation, Eco-Toxicology, Ichthyofauna, Management, Mormyridae, Oueme River Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-66 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042052 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2052 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2052 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052052.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:53-66 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Title: Optimality in Inventory and Machinery Replacement Models Abstract: In my first article, optimization of industrial system was achieved by the use of the simultaneous equation method while stochastic approximation was employed in obtaining optimality of the queuing system. In this paper, differential calculus and repeated trials were employed to located the optimum lot size of the inventory model while the optimization, dynamic programming and the economic lot size methods were required to obtain optimality of the replacement/rehabilitation model. If the first article created an impression that optimality is limited to some systems like the industrial and queuing systems the extension of optimality to the inventory and replacement/rehabilitation model shows that optimality is achievable in every system/model provided appropriate optimization technique is employed. Keywords: Optimality, Optimization Technique, Models Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-46 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019042053 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2053 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2053 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052053.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:40-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuling Wang Author-Name: Yuqi Sun Title: Analysis of the Trade Potential between China and the Eight Countries in South Asia under the Background of the Belt and Road Initiative Abstract: Based on the trade potential model, this paper determines the trade potential relationship between China and the eight countries in South Asia in the context of the “Belt and Road”. Firstly, the panel data analysis method is used to study the overall situation of China's trade with South Asia from 2001 to 2014. Secondly, the trade gravity model is used to estimate the trade volume between China and the eight countries in South Asia. The estimated value is compared with the actual value to calculate China and the eight countries of South Asia. Trade potential value. Finally, based on the calculated potential value, the policy recommendations in the context of the “Belt and Road” are given. Keywords: Trading, Trade Potential, South Asia, The ”Belt And Road” Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-38 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019042054 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2054 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2054 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062054.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:28-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Author-Name: Roberto Marazzato Title: Using Clustering and Controlled Regression to Analyze the Orientation of Rod-Like Objects Abstract: This work proposes the use of the R language for the analysis of the orientation of rod-like objects. First, the objects are separated from the background by means of a segmentation based on a thresholding. DBSCAN, a density based clustering algorithm, is used on the thresholded image. After the clustering, a linear regression is applied to determine the orientation of rod-like objects. The orientation is displayed by means of a radar diagram. Keywords: Image Processing, Image Segmentation, Orientation of Textures Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-18 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052055 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2055 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2055 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052055.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:16-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: N. A. Jamabo Author-Name: I. O. K. Ukwe Author-Name: D. Amachree Title: Growth Assessment and Microbial Flora Presence in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Larvae Fed Live and Commercial Feeds Abstract: Assessment was carried on the growth and microbial flora presence in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) larvae fed with live food(Artemia) and commercial feed (Aller Aqua). Two days old larvae (n=200) of average weight (4.8± 0.01mg)and length (6.16±0.03mm)were reared in triplicates for 21 days in plastic tanks (40cm x 25cm x 25cm) dimension. The experiment was done in 12 hours static and 12 hours flow through periods each day. The physico-chemical parameters were within acceptable range for catfish culture except in the static periods were ammonia was present in values (0.30 ± 0.00) that are unacceptable. However, nitrate and nitrite were present but in low values. Both feeds showed commendable performance in growth parameters, but Artemia with lower crude protein content did better. There were presence of Total heterotrophic bacteria, Vibro, Total coliform and Salmonella/Shigella in the microbial analysis of the fish waters in all the treatment. Apart from total heterotrophic bacteria that was significantly present in all the experimental waters Vibro, Total coliform and Salmonila/Shigella were less than thirty(<30)cfu. Also, fish gets olderthe quantity of microbial flora present in the fish waters reduces. Keywords: Aquaculture, Larvae, Clarias gariepinus, Feeds, Microbial Flora Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019052058 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2058 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2058 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072058.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maurice George Ekpenyong Author-Name: Atim David Asitok Title: Statistical Distribution of Halotolerant/Halophilic Biosurfactant-Producing Yeasts in Qua Iboe Estuarine Sediments Abstract: We isolated 100 morphologically-distinct halotolerant/halophilic yeasts from five estuarine sediments in Qua Iboe estuary, South-South Nigeria. A three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the distribution was significant at p < 0.01; adjusted r2 = 0.851 suggesting that 85.1% of the variations in the number of halotolerant/halophilic yeast could be explained by the model. Sample, media and salt level main effects were all significant at p < 0.01, r2 = 0.732; 0.403 and 0.463 respectively. Only 17% of the yeasts demonstrated biosurfactant production potential by the oil displacement assay. Positive isolates were identified by macro/micro-morphological and physiological characterizations as species of Torulaspora, Pichia, Saccharomyces, Candida, Debaryomyces, Kluyveromyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Rhodotorula and Hortaea but the dominant halotolerant genus was Candida. Douglas creek sample harbored the highest number of halotolerant biosurfactant-producing yeasts probably by reason of its better proximity to Qua Iboe terminal where petroleum activity is high. Biosurfactants produced by all 17 yeasts could reduce surface tension to < 40 mN/m suggesting that halotolerant/halophilic yeasts in stressed environments secrete only effective surface-active compounds or not at all. Significant but moderate correlations existed between all correlate pairs involving oil displacement activity, surface tension, critical micelle concentration and emulsification activity of biosurfactants. The Pillai’s Trace test of a one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) involving surface tension reduction, oil displacement activity and emulsification activity was significant at F (48,102) = 3119.004, p < 0.005, partial ƞ2 = 0.999. Keywords: Halotolerance/Halophily yeasts, Biosurfactant, Three-way ANOVA, Correlation analyses, One-way MANOVA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 91-104 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052065 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2065 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2065 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062065.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:91-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Guimarães Pereira Author-Name: João Pedro Barbedo Marques Gutierrez Author-Name: Juan Manuel Pardal Author-Name: Ivenio Moreira da Silva Title: Use of Soybean, Corn and Palm Biodiesel in a Centrifugal Pump Driven by a Diesel Engine: Performance and Emissions Analysis Abstract: The present study is related with the use of soybean, corn and palm biodiesel in a centrifugal pump driven by a diesel engine. Performance and emissions analysis were investigated using pure biodiesel (B100) and its mixtures with diesel (B50), comparing the results with pure diesel (B0) and also with the diesel sold at Brazilian fuel stations (B8). A test bench has been optimized for monitoring the behavior of centrifugal pump driven by a diesel engine. The viscosity, density, sulfur tenor, carbon tenor, hydrogen tenor, nitrogen tenor, lower and higher heating value were determined for various fuels used. The power, the fuel consumption and the emissions of: CO; CO2; NO; NO2; NOx; and SO2 were determined. The engine performed well with biofuels blended (B50) and biodiesels (B100). This confirms one of the great advantages of using biodiesel, which is the possibility of using a renewable fuel produced from a variety of raw materials leading to a cleaner energy production. Keywords: Biodiesel, Centrifugal Pump, Energy, Cleaner Production, Sustainability Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 83-98 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052066 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2066 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2066 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052066.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:83-98 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kayodé Nambil Adjibade Author-Name: Alphonse Adite Author-Name: Hamidou Arame Author-Name: Rachad Sidi Imorou Author-Name: Stanislas Pejanos Sonon Title: Biodiversity and Community Structure of Mormyridae (Pisces: Teleostei: Osteoglossiformes) from Niger River in Northern Benin: Threats, Conservation and Valorization Perspectives Abstract: Mormyrid fishes are of great commercial and economic importance in the artisanal fisheries of the Niger River in Benin. We investigated species composition and community structure of this taxa in order to contribute to species management and sustainable exploitation. Mormyrid individuals were collected monthly from February 2015 to July 2016 using cast nets, gill nets and seines. Among a total of 6825 individuals collected, eleven (11) species belonging to 9 genera were inventoried. Numerically, Marcusenius senegalensis dominated the fish assemblages and made 43.74% of the mormyrid sub-community followed by Mormyrus macrophthalmus (14.87%), Hyperopisus bebe, (11.43%), Petrocephalus bovei (11.21%), Mormyrus rume (8.54%) and Hippopotamyrus pssittacus (4.69%). The Shannon-Weaver index of species diversity was moderate and reached H’=2.54. Overall, percentage occurrences (PO) of Mormyrids in the 5 selected sites ranged between 40 and 100%, with Marcusenius senegalensis (PO=100%) and Hyperopisus bebe (PO=100%) widely distributed in all 5 sites. In the Niger River, Mormyrid abundances significantly (r=0.70; P<0.01) increased with dissolved oxygen. The overexploitation and other antropogenic disturbances such as domestic uses (ditch cleanings, clothe washings, bathings), invasion of floating plants (Echhornia crassipes), sand dragging, human wastes dumping, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for adjacent agriculture etc. constituted some major threats for the growth and survival of the Mormyrids in the Niger River. The results of this study will contribute to design a holistic species management scheme that includes habitat protection, species conservation and valorization. Keywords: Benin, Community Structure, Conservation, Management, Mormyrids, Niger River, Shannon-Weaver Index Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 106-116 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052068 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2068 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2068 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052068.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:106-116 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: John W. Oller Author-Name: Christopher A. Shaw Title: From Superficial Damage to Invasion of the Nucleosome: Ranking of Morbidities by the Biosemiotic Depth Hypothesis Abstract: At their most abstract level, according to a certain generalized paradigm in biosemiotic philosophy grounded in well-established mathematical proofs, valid communications from molecules upward must be formally isomorphic to the dynamic true narrative representations (TNRs) of natural language systems that vest those meaningful signs with their functional (pragmatic) content. TNRs, in DNA, RNA, proteins, and higher constructions, therefore, are requisite to health in the individual, in interactions with the larger environment, and with other organisms. In homo sapiens, the generalized biosemiotic paradigm proves that morbidities in general must always, in some manner, involve degradation of internal and external communications through TNRs in DNA, RNA, protein language, organelles, cells, tissues, and organ systems. The mathematically grounded paradigm shows that any given TNR can be superveniently degenerated, by very coarse or very fine degrees, to many distinct fictions, errors, lies, and nonsense strings out to the absolute limit of a complete erasure. The depth hypothesis asserts that if the timing and breadth of any degenerative disruption can be held equal, in fact or in principle, the depth of penetration of any disruptive factor into biosignaling representations must in theory be pathognomonic of severity in the supervened morbidities. From meiosis through conception to maturity, ceteris paribus, corruptions deeper in the developmental hierarchy must be more harmful in the morbidities they supervene. The depth hypothesis suggests a differentiation of autoimmune disorders as deeper than allergies, but less so than prion diseases, tumorigenesis, and metastatic cancers in that order. It suggests, therefore, a potentially useful generalized ranking of morbidities. Keywords: Aluminum Adjuvants, Autoimmune Diseases, Biosemiotic Depth, Degrading Biosignaling Systems, Etiology of Morbidities, Pragmatic Mapping, TNR-Theory, True Narrative Representations Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-73 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052069 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2069 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2069 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062069.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:51-73 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SORO Sibirina Author-Name: Karidia TRAORE Author-Name: SORO Nahangnon Arsène Author-Name: OUATTARA Gniré Mariam Author-Name: Kone Daouda Author-Name: KOUADIO Yatty Justin Title: Efficacy of Biological Fungicide Control on Cashew Nuts Lost caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes Penz. in the North of Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: Context and Objective: Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes, represents the main disease of cashew in the north of Côte d'Ivoire. This study was conducted to assess the toxicity of three synthesis fungicides, Azoxystrobin, Carbendazim and Carbendazim+Chlorothalonil and two essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon nardus and Ocimum gratissimum against Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes. Material and Methods: Fungicidal properties of these products were evaluated in vitro on mycelial radial growth of C. gloeosporioïdes strain, through six concentrations added to a PDA medium (Potato Dextrose Agar). At the laboratory test, an essential oil, Ocimum gratissimum and the synthetic fungicides based on Azoxystrobine and Carbendazim+Chlorothalonil were selected and tested in situ against anthracnose disease. Résults: After 16 days of incubation at 30 ± 2 °C, the mycelial radial growth of C. gloeosporioïdes was completely inhibited from 1 µL/L by Carbendazim, 5 µL/L of Carbendazim+Chlorothalonil, and 1500 µL/L by essential oil of O. gratissimum. After reeling mycelial disks, the minimum fungicidal concentration obtained was 25 µL/L for Carbendazim, 100 µL/L for Carbendazim+Chlorothalonil and 2000 µL/L for O. gratissimum. The study in situ showed a highly significant reduction of the incidence and the severity of anthracnose on the leaves by essential oil of O. gratissimum. Conclusion : The essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum can be used in biological control of the pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioïdes in cashew plantation. Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, Toxicity, Fungicides, Essential Oils, Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 135-143 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052070 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2070 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2070 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062070.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:135-143 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ambreen Javed Author-Name: Syed Ahmad Hassan Title: Study the Dynamics and Variability of River Indus Flow Abstract: The impact of climate on water, environment and biodiversity is a conventional fact and can be observed throughout the world, especially each south Asian region like Pakistan. The Indus River region of Pakistan is going through phenomenal changes due to climate variations: persistent heat waves, recurring sultry cyclones, frequent floods and prolonged droughts. Floods are one of the important reasons for the life loss, damages of the globe. Pakistan faces large amounts of catastrophic flooding from the past 30 or 35 years, due to the influences of their variability, the dynamics and uncertainty owing to monsoon rainfalls and snow/glacier melts or combination of both. To study the impact of the dynamics and variability a profound mathematical analysis of local temperature and rainfall change projections, in unexpected variations of river flow is essential. This paper provides the realistic approaches by utilizing trend analysis using the techniques of least square estimation and nonparametric Mann-Kendall test and also incorporates multiple linear regression technique (MLR) based on step-wise method. Trend analysis is an important tool used to enumerate and elucidate the dynamics of the hydroclimatic stochastic system. MLR is a mathematical modelling method, used to explain the interrelations of the phenomena and explore their variation relative to the other dependent variable. These methods employed twenty-seven year data of Indus River flows (seven stations), precipitation (four cites) and temperature (three cites). The results show decline of rainfall and rising trend of temperature found in most of the cities, whereas, good explanation of the river flow establishes with MLR in upper stations. The results of this paper may help to understand the space-time dynamics and variability of river flow phenomena. Moreover, It will be useful for agriculture, hydropower generation and water management sectors in planning the future scenarios and forecasting of leading catastrophic occasions. Keywords: Indus River, Trend, Dynamics, Temperature, Rainfall, MLR Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-39 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052072 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2072 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2072 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052072.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:30-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sarmin Akter Author-Name: Kamrujjaman Author-Name: Rashed-Ul-Islam Author-Name: Badhan Saha Title: An Investigation into Chemical Parameters of Water of Dhaleswari - A River alongside Tannery Village of Bangladesh Abstract: This investigation attempts to assess the chemical parameter of water of Dhaleshwari river Savar, Dhaka alongside the newly constructed tannery village of Bangladesh. The chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Salinity are determined. The result reveals that the pH of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from 7.60 to 6.50. EC of water collected at different points and at different times of year were ranges from11.80 µS/cm to 2080 µS/cm. The average value of DO at spot-1 was 4.79166±3.23 mg/l. Spot-2 showed average DO about 6.571667±1.47 mg/l. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranges from 1.13 to 17.1 mg/l. Throughout the study period the monthly value of COD were within the range of 218.12mg/L (as minimum value) to 1276.6 mg/L (maximum value). In the study area Salinity of water collected at different points and at different times of year ranged from 0 (minimum) to 0.1 (maximum). Keywords: Water Quality, Chemical Parameter, COD, BOD, Electrical Conductivity, Dhaleshwari River, Tannery Village Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 159-164 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052073 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2073 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2073 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052073.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:159-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiuyan Li Author-Name: Zaisen Liu Author-Name: Kang Cheng Title: Effects of Mental Abacus Calculation (MAC) on Developments of Children's Cognitive Abilities Abstract: In this investigation, MAC (mental abacus calculation) trained and unchained (control) groups of elementary school children were measured with Raven Reasoning Intelligence Test and basic cognitive abilities; the tested scores were processed with transverse (across-sectional) comparisons between the two groups in the same time as well as longitudinal comparisons within the same groups in different times; and roles of MAC in developing children's intelligence were discussed. Our results showed: (1) The intelligence quotient (IQ) of the children in MAC group was significantly higher (P ﹤0.01) than that of the control group when the cross-sectional comparisons were performed, and (2) the cognitive abilities of children in MAC group were more significantly improved (P ﹤0.05) when the longitudinal comparisons were performed. Conclusion: MAC trainings can promote developments of children's IQ, basic cognitive abilities and intelligence. Children's brain function has a strong plasticity and huge space to develop. Keywords: Neuroscience, IQ, Brain, Function, Imaginary Thinking, Transverse, Across-Sectional, Longitudinal Comparison Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-10 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052074 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2074 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2074 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062074.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:6-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xing-Ke Ma Author-Name: Yang-Zhen Ji Title: Nuclear Energy Spectrum Decomposition Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization Abstract: A nonlinear fitting model is proposed for the problem of nuclear energy spectrum decomposition. And the hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm based on natural selection idea and random inertia weight is used to solve. First, a nonlinear fitting model was introduced. Secondly, the defects of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm based on linear inertia weight are analyzed, and the ideas of stochastic inertia weight and natural selection are integrated into the algorithm for these shortcomings. Then, according to the specific problems involved in this paper and the existing data, the continuous function model is transformed into a discrete series model. According to the nature that the absolute value is not less than zero, the fitness value is appropriately modified to achieve the purpose of improving the calculation accuracy and the operation speed of the algorithm. Keywords: Energy Spectrum Decomposition, Nonlinear Fitting Model, Hybrid Particle Swarm Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 135-138 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052075 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2075 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2075 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052075.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:135-138 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Roberto Guimarães Pereira Author-Name: Guilherme Pereira Mota Author-Name: Ithamar Ribeiro Rangel Author-Name: João Crisósthomo de Queiroz Neto Title: The Influence of Inorganic Cations Addition on Rheology of Aqueous Diutan Gum Solutions Abstract: The Influence of cations addition (Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) on rheology of aqueous diutan gum solutions was investigated at the temperatures of 200C, 400C and 600C. It was used a solution of diutan gum (4300 ppm) in deionized water with 40000 ppm of NaCl. In this solution, inorganic cations (300 ppm of calcium; 300 ppm of magnesium and 300 ppm of calcium plus 300 ppm of magnesium) were added. Steady shear, creep-recovery and oscillation tests were performed. All aqueous diutan gum solutions showed a pseudoplastic and viscoelastic behavior. The addition of calcium and magnesium cations leads to a gel behavior of the solutions for all cases in the angular velocity range investigated, as demonstrated by mechanical spectra. The recovery rate in the case of aqueous diutan gum solutions with calcium and magnesium is much higher than the recovery rate in the case of aqueous diutan gum solutions with NaCl. Keywords: Diutan Gum, Rheological Tests, Viscosity, Viscoelasticity, Power-Law Model, Exponential Model, Cox-Merz Rule Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 117-134 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052077 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2077 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2077 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052077.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:117-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhang Xiaoping Author-Name: Yu Xiangmin Title: Research Progress on Drug-Resistant Bacteria Abstract: More and more microorganisms have developed drug resistance with the use of antibiotics, and some microorganisms have multi-drug resistance. Therefore, bacterial resistant antibiotic is a serious problem to treating infectious diseases in recent years all over the world. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of bacterial resistance mechanisms all over the world, and provides theoretical basis for exploring effective prevention measures and rational use antibiotics in clinical. Keywords: Drug-Resistant Bacteria, Antibiotics, Drug Resistance Mechanism, Multi-Drug Resistance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052079 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2079 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2079 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062079.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tanisha Mehreen Author-Name: Jahirul Islam Author-Name: Mohammad Abul Hossain Author-Name: Khandker Saadat Hossain Title: AFM and Van der Pauw Measurements of Carbon Nanoparticles Prepared from Kerosene Abstract: In the present study, the structural and electrical properties of carbon nanoparticles, prepared from kerosene has been investigated with the help of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Ecopia Hall-effect measurement system. The spherical carbon particles size was observed with the help of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and the size found 80 nm in diameter as an aggregated particles. The electrical parameters such as resistivity, conductivity, magneto-resistance, mobility, and average Hall coefficient were measured by Ecopia Hall effect measurement system by four-point probe method at a suitable condition. TheI-Vcharacteristic curve of Carbon Nanoparticle Thin Film (CNTF) was observed by a source-meter and a current rectifying behavior at the Ag/CNTF interface was found.The CNPs synthesized from kerosene was found as ann-type semiconductor and other electrical properties were compared with CNPs prepared from diesel in the previous study. Keywords: Carbon Nanoparticles,Atomic Force Microscope, Van Der Pauw, Rectifier, Thin Film Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 122-127 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052080 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2080 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2080 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062080.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:122-127 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Marina Gaglianone Teodoro da Silva Title: Relationship between Erectile Dysfunction and Metabolic Syndrome in Patients at a University Hospital Abstract: Introduction: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common cause of sexual dysfunction in men and shares several risk factors with systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: Investigate the relationship between ED and MetS among patients at a university hospital. Patients and Methods: Patients with ED were retrospectively investigated in a cross-sectional study conducted at a university hospital. The following variables were analyzed: systemic arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, low adherence to treatment or ineffective treatment, medications, glycated hemoglobin and lipids (total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides). Results: Among the 96 patients studied, 23 (24%) met the criteria for MetS. Analyzing only one comorbidity, 10.4% of patients had hypertension, 5.2% had DM2 and 5.2% had dyslipidemia. Age ranged from 21 to 78 years (mean: 56.9 ± 12.2 years) and 52% of patients were older than 60 years of age. Abnormal glycated hemoglobin was found in 40.6%) of patients; 41.6% had dyslipidemia; 47.9% had hypertension; and 39.6% used anti-hypertensive medications. Smoking was found in 39.5% and alcohol use was found in 30.2%. The results of the chi-squared test revealed that smoking was significantly associated with hypertension, DM2 and dyslipidemia (P < 0.01). Nearly half (46.9%) of the patients had low adherence or underwent ineffective treatment. Conclusion: No association was found between erectile dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. Significant associations were found between smoking and hypertension, DM2 and dyslipidemia. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052083 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2083 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2083 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062083.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rafia Shafi Author-Name: Samreen Fatima Title: Relationship between GDP, Life Expectancy and Growth Rate of G7 Countries Abstract: Increase in life expectancy is a key indicator to gauge the economic development of a country. Enormous studies have been done to test this hypothesis, and the conclusion is still un-decided. This study aims to explore the impact of life expectancy on economic growth in G7 countries via regression approach. Keeping in view the unique population structure of each of these G7 countries, the trend of life expectancy for each country is also observed. Findings of the study indicate that life expectancy in G7 countries increases with constant rate. The increase in life expectancy is accompanied with the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita income. We have also included the population growth rate as another important factor contributing towards GDP. It is worth mentioning here that increase in life expectancy directly affects per capita real income due to higher expenditure on health. Moreover, it is also found that increase in GDP lessens the population growth. Keywords: G7 Countries, GDP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 74-79 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052085 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2085 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2085 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062085.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:74-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yingchang Lu Title: Preliminary Study on the Preventive Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Mice Abstract: Objective To study the preventive effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in mice. Methods Single prolonged stress (SPS) animal model was adopted. Mice treated with normal saline, ginsenoside (Rg1) and sertraline after stress were divided into negative control group(SPS+NS), experimental group(SPS+Rg1) and positive control group(SPS+Sertraline) respectively, and a blank control group(NS) was set. On the 8th and 10th days after modeling, the viaduct cross maze experiment and the forced swimming experiment were respectively carried out. Results In the elevated plus maze experiment, the percentage of opening times of mice in the experimental group and the negative control group [(21.11±7.21) %, (20.80±9.06) %] was significantly lower than that in the blank control group and the positive control group [(44.99±7.69) %, (39.35±14.14) %,P < 0.0001].In the forced swimming experiment, the immobility time of mice in the experimental group and the negative control group [(64.05±24.27) s, (51.23±19.76) s] was significantly higher than that in the blank control group and the positive control group [(16.85±6.90) s, (33.26±20.30) s, P < 0.001]. Conclusion The normal dose of ginsenoside Rg1 could not alleviate the anxiety and fear responses in the mice with post-traumatic stress disorder. Keywords: Ginsenoside, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Single Prolonged Stress Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 79-82 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019052088 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2088 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2088 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052088.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:79-82 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hengxu Ma Author-Name: Kun Wang Title: A Hybrid Method for Underwater Image Preprocessing Abstract: This paper provides a hybrid method for underwater image restoration. Firstly, for the color distortion caused by different light attenuation characteristics, the automatic color balance algorithm which based on dynamic threshold is used to correct the color of underwater images. Secondly, the image dehazing based on the dark primary color principle is adopted, which transmissivity and background light are modified according to the propagation characteristics of underwater light. Finally, aiming at the over exposure of underwater images after dehazing, the gray world light compensation algorithm is employed to improve the visual display of underwater images. Experiments have shown the effectiveness of the system designed in this paper. Keywords: Underwater Image, Color Distortion Correction, Dehazing Algorithm, Exposure Compensation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 43-46 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052089 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2089 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2089 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062089.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:43-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuanyuan Zhang Author-Name: Yanchao Sun Author-Name: Xiuyan Li Author-Name: Kang Cheng Title: Training Effects of Eye Movement on Improving Basic Cognitive Ability of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) Patients and Normal Aging (NA) People Abstract: Object: To explore training effects of eye movement on improving basic cognitive ability of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients and normal aging (NA) people. Methods: In this study, patients with light degree of MCI and NA people of 60 - 75 years old were recruited as subjects; a test scale technique of basic recognition ability was applied; matching groups were designed with transverse and longitudinal comparisons; before and after experiments, the groups of the sensory integration training and control were respectively tested with the basic recognition ability; then all measured data were statistically processed. Result: Eye movement training can effectively improve the basic recognition ability of MCI patients and NA people. Conclusion: The sensory integration training plays an important role in improving the cognitive ability of MCI patients and NA people. Keywords: Sensory Integration Training, Transverse, Longitudinal Comparison, Elderly, Senior, Control Group Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-50 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052091 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2091 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2091 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062091.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:47-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Iyi C. Emmanuel Author-Name: Ozoko C. Daniel Author-Name: Ezeh Christopher Chukwudi Title: Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plant Leaves around Industrial and Agricultural Areas of Enugu State, Southeastern, Nigeria Abstract: This research was carried out to determine the quantity of uptake of trace elements by the leaf of plants growing around industrial and agricultural areas of Enugu State. A total of twenty-two (22) plant leaf samples which consist of 12 different species such as S. pyramidalis, Py. polystachyos, Se. sesban, C. odorata, P. foetida, H. suaveolens, T. platycarpa, C. mucunoids, C. digitalis, D. aegypticum, Sc. dulcis and L. oryza sativa were collected from dumpsites, industrial sites, wetlands, mining sites and sewage site, across the study area. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals using standard laboratory methods. Results obtained in the study area revealed that the plant leaf samples obtained from the study area contained the following mean values: Fe3+ (25.69 ± 21.04 mg/kg), Mn (11.03 ± 0.64 mg/kg), As (4.60 ± 1.56 mg/kg), Pb (3.38 ± 1.46 mg/kg), Zn (21.93 ± 11.02 mg/kg), Cd (0.79 ± 0.03 mg/kg), Cr (2.86 ± 4.84 mg/kg), Ni (0.53 ± 4.27 mg/kg) and Cu (12.74 ± 2.89 mg/kg). The mean concentrations of iron, arsenic, lead, cadmium and chromium were above the recommendable limits as stipulated by FAO/WHO for edible plants. Principal component analyses of the variables revealed strong relationship among the variables indicating same source of enrichment. This study is limited to plant leaves; hence, further research is recommended in the study area to evaluate the uptake of heavy metals by the roots and stems of the same plants. Keywords: Heavy Metals, Plants, Uptake, Enugu State, Principal Component Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 128-134 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019052092 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2092 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2092 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062092.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:128-134 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fangkai Zhang Author-Name: Zhou Xu Title: Research on the Evaluation Index System of Enterprise's Online Credit in B2C E-commerce Abstract: Online reputation evaluation is a hot topic in e-commerce research. We analyses the existing problems of enterprise reputation evaluation in the current e-commerce environment from various views, then point out the influencing factors of enterprise online reputation in B2C e-commerce. By analyzing the influencing factors of enterprise reputation in B2C e-commerce environment, we construct three dimensions: financial evaluation, user experience and potential evaluation. Finally, we establish an online reputation evaluation index system for enterprises in B2C e-commerce environment. Keywords: B2C E-Commerce, Online Reputation Evaluation, Index System Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 117-121 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019062094 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2094 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2094 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062094.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:117-121 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Syed Ahmad Hassan Author-Name: Nazia Munawar Title: Impact Assessment of Hydroclimatic and Stochastic Variations on Water Stress of Jhelum River Flow Forecast Abstract: The hydrological system of a country significantly influences the ecological, agricultural and consequently the economic structure. Since, the accessibility of water resources has governed the power generation sector and agronomic establishments of the region like Pakistan. Moreover, Pakistan is sensitive in climatic variation and faces gradually higher threats regarding rainfall variability, floods and prolonged droughts. Sometimes, these climate change impact embedded with the high frequency and strength of extreme events caused by global warming. These extreme situations occur mostly in the hydrological phase that occurs because of the unexpected variations in temperature and rainfall. UN-ICC report pronounces that Pakistan is in top four unsafe countries that are undesirably affected by climate variability. The water stress Index established by Mallin Falkenmark conferred that Pakistan is in the list of countries that can face serious scarcity of water as its population is continuously increasing and water resources are shrinking. A perfect assessment of upcoming water resources under fluctuating climatic situations is significant for water resource availability and management. This study analyses the impact of hydroclimatic and stochastic conditions of river flow prediction and forecast of Jhelum River flow at Mangla station (second major reservoir of Pakistan, serve about 6 million hectares of cultivated area and generating 6% (about 1000MW) of the country’s electrical power generation). Forecasting of river flow is helpful in understanding the prevailing situation of climate variations. The preliminary analysis of 34 years monthly data (Jan. 1976 to December 2010) of river flow, temperature and precipitation indicates that the precipitation of the seasonal and monsoon rainfall (June to September) is dominant on the yearly cycle. During these months the temperature rise is at its year maximums, so, the melting of snow/glaciers contributes a large amount of water in the natural river flow. The autocorrelation function (ACF) shows a strong seasonal variation of river flow, correlation analysis shows that the strong contribution of monsoon and orographic regular runoff is significant. To include the embedded periodic variation of the river flow, seasonal autoregressive moving average (SARIMA) will be used to predict and forecast the river flow. Additionally, the stepwise linear regression is applied to analysis the regular flow along with climatic variations by multiple linear regression show good results and will be helpful in forecasting of the river flow on monthly and annual basis. However, the reduce prediction and forecast accuracy shows that the inconsistence stochastic and hydroclimatic influenced river flows variation from the last 20 years, may be caused by Global and local impact. The results of this study are hoped to contribute considerably in current and future hydrological researches and studies, particularly in the Jhelum River flow at Mangla station of Pakistan. Keywords: Hydroclimatic, Stochastic, Time Series, Jhelum River, Monsoon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 80-90 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019062095 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2095 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2095 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062095.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:80-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tingting Ren Title: Plasticity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells based on Immune Regulation Network Abstract: The immunomodulatory function of mesenchymal stem cells has received increasing attention and is widely used in the treatment of clinical immune diseases. The various signal-stimulating molecules during the inflammatory response are essential for the ability of MSCs to exert immunomodulatory effects and determine the fate of immune regulation in MSCs - pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory. Such plasticity relies on a regulatory network between immune cells and MSCs that is formed by cytokines, chemokines, and some small molecules. To gain a deeper understanding of the specific mechanisms by which MSCs exert immunomodulatory effects, it is necessary to clarify the factors involved in regulation, the series of cellular signaling pathways triggered by these factors, and the potential links between them. This article is based on these immune regulation networks, combined with the latest research trends, to provide a theoretical basis for better clinical improvement of MSCs treatment. Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Plasticity, Immune Cells, Cytokines, Immune Regulation Network Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 139-147 Volume: 8 Issue: 05 Year: 2019 Month: May Number: V82019062096 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2096 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2096 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019052096.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:5:p:139-147 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David A. Dawson Title: A Kuhnian Perspective of the Suppression of Scientific Inquiry and its Relationship to Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids Abstract: Throughout human history societal constraints have been imposed on the areas of inquiry researchers are permitted to pursue, as well as their ability to share newly attained knowledge. American bureaucracy dictates that decisions regarding the suppression of scientific inquiry fall under the dominion of politicians. The political decision to prohibit research of the medicinal potential of phytocannabinoids has resulted in a paradigm Thomas Kuhn would have considered to be in a state of crisis, and the worldview to which cannabinoid scientists have been mandated to adhere with respect to medicinal properties of synthetic and biologic cannabinoids is currently experiencing revolutionary challenges. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 144-146 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019062098 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2098 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2098 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062098.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:144-146 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wang Yu Author-Name: Li Ling Title: Research Progress of Antitumor Activity by Baicalin and Baicalein Abstract: Baicalin and its aglycon, baicalein, are flavonoids present from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Baicalin generally inhibits tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting growth, while baicalein suppresses by regulating autophagy. Certain signaling pathways and regulating factors are involved among the induced-apoptosis and autophagy progress. In suppressing growth, baicalin and baicaein inhibit angiogenesis or induce cell cycle arrest at S phase against proliferation, migration and differentiation. The present agents against tumor still have related side effects. Therefore, the natural and nontoxic flavonoids are promising in present even future tumor treatment. Keywords: Antitumor, Baicalin, Baicalein Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-14 Volume: 8 Issue: 06 Year: 2019 Month: June Number: V82019062099 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2099 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2099 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019062099.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:6:p:11-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gary Lau Author-Name: Daniel D. Nguyen Author-Name: Ronal M. Harper Author-Name: Eung-Kwpn Pae Title: Pdk-1/Hif-1α Ratios Define Geniohyoid Muscle Fiber Phenotypes Abstract: Background: The relationships between muscle fiber-type expression and the ratio between pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (Pdk)-1 and hypoxia inducible factor (Hif)-1α was investigated using Hif-1α heterozygous knockout (“Het”) mice. Because Pdk-1/Hif-1α ratio changes could alter skeletal muscle phenotypes following brief sustained hypoxia as demonstrated earlier, we aimed to examine if the genetically down-regulated Hif-1α level influences skeletal muscle phenotypes in an intermittent hypoxic (IH) condition. This query is important because upper airway dilating muscles in patients with obstructive sleep apnea who frequently exposed to IH conditions tend to have an increased Type II fibers with increased Hif-1α levels. Methods: Here, we examined whether Pdk-1/Hif-1 ratios play a role in Het Hif-1α KO mice when exposed to brief IH (altering ambient oxygen levels between 10.3% and 20.8% every 240s). We performed single fiber analysis and Western blots on the harvested geniohyoid (GH) muscle after IH treatment for 5h. Results: Wild-type (WT) GH muscles in mice contain muscle fibers composed of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) IIa and MyHC IIa/IIb proteins, as opposed to the GH muscle in Het mice expressing MyHC IIa, IIa/IIb as well as IIb (p<0.001). Fiber composition in WT GH showed no significant changes under IH. In Het mice, a higher proportion of MyHC IIb fibers were expressed, as the number of IIa fibers decreased (p< 0.05) in IH. Pdk-1/Hif-1α ratios in the Het-GH muscle did not alter significantly after 5h IH exposure. Conclusion: The increased numbers of glycolytic fibers with high Pdk-1/Hif-1 ratios resulted in Het-GH muscles being able to avoid excessive ‘oxidative stress’ under IH. However, Het-GH muscles might have become more fatigable after IH exposure, compared to WT mice, since Het-GH muscles after IH contain higher numbers of MyHC IIb-containing glycolytic fibers that are more fatigable in nature than WT-GH muscles. Keywords: Fatigability, Geniohyoid Muscle, Hif-1α, Hypoxia, Myosin Heavy Chains, Pdk-1 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-19 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019062102 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2102 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2102 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072102.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:11-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yandev Doowuese Author-Name: V. N. Chigor Author-Name: E. A. Eze Author-Name: D. D. Akosu Author-Name: A. U. Onwuka Author-Name: C. N. Okorie Title: Schistosomiasis in Sub-Sahara Africa: Causes, Consequences and Control Measures for a Leading Neglected Tropical Disease Abstract: This paper reviews the causes, consequences and control measures of schsistosomiasis in Sub Sahara Africa. It is a worrisome parasitic disease caused by flukes (trematodes) of the genus Schistosoma. High prevalence rates exist in most part of Africa due to many associated factors. People become infected when larval forms of the parasite (released by freshwater snails) penetrate the skin during contact with infested water. Although it is classified under the neglected Tropical diseases, it has continued to result in life threatening complications and mortalities most especially as it affects body organs. Many factors that are associated with the disease have been discussed. So far, control programmes have proven effective despite the geometric increase in human population in Africa. Large scale treatments of population groups most especially in endemic regions have been carried out. The major set back in the treatment is lack of comprehensive data on the prevalence of schistosomiasis in many populations. In spite of this, World health Organisation has rolled out guidelines and mandates on the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in sub Saharan Africa and other places. Access to safe water, improved sanitation, hygiene education, and snail control are possible control measures reported so far in literatures. The future control measure of schistosomiasis is likely to be based on the discovery and adoption of cheap novel drugs, schistosomicides and vaccines to combat the worrisome infection in the sub Saharan Africa and other places in the Tropics. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-27 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019062103 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2103 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2103 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072103.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:20-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yandev Doowuese Author-Name: V. N. Chigor Author-Name: M. J. Abam Author-Name: J. O. Olasan Author-Name: M. N. Ishwua Author-Name: J. S. Osar Title: Assessment of Enteric Helminthes Ova on Ready to Eat Selected Vegetables (Garden Egg, Cucumber and Carrot) in Ushongo LGA of Benue State Abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the level of enteric helminthes ova contamination on ready to eat selected vegetables in Ushongo Government of Benue state. The sampling locations comprised of three major markets: Ikyobo, Lobi and Lessel markets. A total of 270 samples were collected, 90 samples in each market (30 carrots, 30 garden egg and 30 cucumber). The samples were transported aseptically to the laboratory for egg analysis using centrifugation, microscopy and standard identification guide. Carrot was the most contaminated vegetable with a total of 63 contaminated samples out of 90 samples, hence percentage contamination was 70%. Cucumber and garden egg had percentage contamination of 57% and 55% respectively. From a total of 270 vegetable samples investigated, 175 were contaminated with helminthes egg, thus resulting in 64.8% vegetable contamination in Ushongo LGA. Based on market type and location, contamination was highest in Lessel market (72.2%) followed by Lobi market (63.3%) and Ikyobo market (58.8%). Vegetable contamination in the three location was statistically the same (χ2=1.76, P>0.05) as there was no significant association between market locations and the number of contaminated vegetables. In cucumber, Entamoeba histolytica was the highest contaminant (39%) followed by Entamoeba histolytica (17%), and Giadia lamblia (12%). In carrot samples, Entamoeba coli (21%) and Entamoeba histolytica (21%) were the most occurring eggs isolated. This was followed by Chilomastix mesnili (16%) and Iodamoeba buestchili (10%). Others are: Trichuris trichiura (8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (6%), Entamoeba nana (6%) and Ancyclostoma duodenale (5%). In garden egg, Giardia lamblia was the most common contaminant (33%). Also found were species of the genera Entamoeba and other species found in cucumber. A total of 14 egg types of different species were identified. Entamoeba histolytica (20%), Entamoeba coli (19%), Giardia lamblia (17%) and Chilomastix mesnili (10%) were the top four egg contaminants. Others species occurred in <10%. The high prevalence of enteric helminthes ova across the various markets was a reflection that vendors, producers and consumers are prone to parasitic attacks as a result of eating raw or uncooked vegetables in the study area. The information given in this report is crucial in the prevention of disease outbreaks associated with enteric helminthes in the study area. Keywords: Contamination, Enteric helminthes, Ushongo LGA, Vegetables Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019062104 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2104 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2104 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072104.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aung Zaw Latt Title: Transient Stability Analysis of 3-Machine, 7-Bus System Using ETAP Abstract: Nowadays, electrical power systems are advancing through continuing development in interconnection, practically through the use of new technology and controls. Therefore, the study of power system stability has been known as an important and challenging problem for secure power system operation. Generally, power system stability is classified into steady state, transient and dynamic stability. The analysis of transient stability is one of the important items in the planning and maintaining for security power system operation. The transient stability is defined as the ability of the power system to keep up synchronism when subjected to a severe disturbance. In this paper, the transient stability analysis of 3-machine, 7-bus system has been performed on electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) and investigated the determination of whether or not synchronism is maintained when occurred a three phase fault on a transmission line. In addition, this paper described the improvement of the transient stability performance by using power system stabilizer (PSS), it was built-in with a specific generator. This PSS is accomplished by exciter control to provide better response to the system modes of oscillations. Keywords: Transient Stability, Three Phase Fault, PSS, Exciter, ETAP Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-52 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019062105 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2105 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2105 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072105.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:47-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fan Chen Author-Name: Yang Jingke Author-Name: Lv Cangjin Title: A Method of Identification of Drilling Debris by Low Background Gamma Spectrum Abstract: This paper provides a accurate method for dividing drilling debris. Firstly, K, Th and U counting rates of different drilling debris samples were measured by low background gamma spectrometer, and the relationship between sample quality and counting rate was obtained. Secondly, mudstone and limestone can be classified by the lithologic identification method. Finally, the specific lithology of mudstone can be divided by the relation of K, Th and U counting rates. Experiments have shown the accuracy of lithological discrimination of drilling debris by this method is up to 80%. Keywords: Drilling Debris, Low Background Gamma Spectrometer, Lithologic Identify-Cation Method Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-10 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019062106 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2106 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2106 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072106.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:7-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lizhen Zhao Author-Name: Mengli Cui Author-Name: Dan Xu Author-Name: Qi Han Author-Name: Bei Zhang Title: Tim-3/Galectin-9 Pathway Involves in the Homeostasis of CCl4 Induced Hepatitis Abstract: Acute liver injury refers to diseases caused by various factors such as explosive liver dysfunction and inflammatory reaction caused by various causes, and the main mechanism is unclear. In this study, we found that T cell Ig and mucin domain protein 3 (Tim-3) play an important role in CCl4-induced acute liver injury. Using antibodies against the Tim-3 antibody (anti-Tim-3Ab), we studied the Tim-3 signal in an animal model of acute liver injury and found that a large number of inflammatory factors were released. Administration of galectin-9 (Gal-9 is a Tim-3 ligand) reduced the production of IL-1β and IL-6 in spleen lymphocytes. This indicates the importance of the Tim-3 / Gal-9 signaling pathway in maintaining liver homeostasis. This finding is potentially important for the treatment of early liver damage. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-57 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019072114 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2114 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2114 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072114.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:53-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weitter Duckss Title: When Occurring Conditions for the Emergence of Life and a Constant Growth, Rotation and its Effects, Cyclones, Light and Redshift in Images Abstract: In this article, it is discussed about the conditions, needed on an object to support the appearance of life. The evidence are presented to support the idea that, due to the constant growth of the objects and the rotation around their axes, such conditions are attainable even to the orbiting objects outside the Goldilocks zone, no matter how far their orbits may be. The same goes for the conditions to support the appearance of life on the independent objects. At all distances there are objects with more or less expressed high temperature, i.e., with the increased radiation emission. Before they become stars (i.e., completely melted objects), objects have a thinner or thicker crust with very active geological processes that create complex elements and compounds, which are the key factors that, during a longer period of time, lead to the appearance of life. The appearance of life is not related to zones, but to the relatively short period of an object's transition from an object with a melted interiority into the object that is completely melted and not suitable for life to appear. Except the processes of growth and rotation, all parts of the system are also discussed, in terms of the places and ways in which matter is presented, as it dictates the pace of the objects' growth and the conditions on an object, when hydrogen, H2, and helium, He, stop migrating towards the central or another larger object. Second part of the article is about a constant growth of objects and systems in the Universe, based on: the forces of matter attraction (gravity), rotation and its speed with their effects, too, the creation of whirls and cyclones as a result of the rotation of objects, systems and the Universe. The creation of light is related to the effects and force of waves (radiation) in their collision with visible matter. It is proven here that a redshift is directly related to the weakening intensity of waves to the distant objects. Instead of being over-intellectual, this text, as a form of evidence, also introduces images, created by the direct observation (NASA, ESA, etc.) or based on the observations of the other astronomers and their published findings. Keywords: Habitable Zone, Constant Growth, Effects of Rotation, Cyclones in Space, Light, Red and Blueshift Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-46 Volume: 8 Issue: 07 Year: 2019 Month: July Number: V82019072115 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2115 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2115 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019072115.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:7:p:34-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aniefiok E. Uko Author-Name: O. B. Iren Author-Name: Emmanuel B. Effa Author-Name: Isong A. Isong Title: Comparative Efficacy of Organic Manures for Improved Performance of Waterleaf (Talinum fructicosum (L) Juss.) in the Humid Tropical Rainforest Abstract: Waterleaf apart from being a source of food provides employment and income to mostly female peasant farmers. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of organic manure types and their combinations on the growth and yield of water leaf in a typical tropical humid rainforest in 2016 and 2017 Cropping seasons. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments included sole poultry manure (PM) at 10 t ha-1, 10 t ha-1 cow dung (CD), 8 t ha-1 oil palm bunch ash (OPBA) and their combinations including; 5 t ha-1 PM + t ha-1CD, 5 t ha-1 PM +4 t ha-1 OPBA, 5 t ha-1 CD+4 t ha-1 OPBA and the control where no manures were applied. Data collected included; plant height, number of leaves and branches and leaf area plant -1, fresh and dry weights of water leaf. These were analyzed using analysis of variance and means compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) at 5%. Waterleaf plants fertilized with 10 t ha-1 PM and combination of 5 t ha-1 PM +4 t ha-1 OPBA showed better performance in all the parameters measured. Hence, 10 t ha-1 PM was recommended amongst other forms of organic manure applied as sole or in combination in Calabar agro ecology of Nigeria. Keywords: Talinum fructicosum, Organic Manure, Improved Performance, Efficacy, Growth and Yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019072126 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2126 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2126 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082126.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pale Siebou Author-Name: Serme Idriss Author-Name: Taonda Sibiri Jean-Baptiste Author-Name: Ouattara Korodjouma Author-Name: Mason Stephen C. Author-Name: Sohoro Adama Title: Pearl Millet and Cowpea Yields as Influenced by Tillage, Soil Amendment and Cropping System in the Sahel of Burkina Faso Abstract: Sole cropped pearl millet and intercropped pearl millet with cowpea are the dominant cropping systems in the Sahelien agroecological zone of Burkina Faso with low and stagnant pearl millet and cowpea yields. Two experiments were conducted in randomized complete block designs with split plot arrangements and three replications. The main plot was tillage method in both experiments and the sub-plot was soil amendment (compost, fertilizer, and crop residues). The objective was to identify the best combination of tillage method, cropping system, and soil amendment to optimize sole and intercropped millet and intercropped cowpea yields. In Exp. 1, sole crop millet grain yield was increased by soil amendment application from 238 kg ha-1 to 450 to 768 kg ha-1, and stover yields from 551 kg ha-1 to 1075 to 1813 kg ha-1. In Exp. 2, zaï tillage increased sole cropped millet grain yield by 348 to 495 kg ha-1, and intercropped millet by 194 to 202 kg ha-1 over use of no till and scarify. Combined zaï with C + F application increased sole cropped millet grain yield from 288 to 777 kg ha-1 and intercropped millet from 114 to 502 kg ha-1 over zaï without soil amendment. Similar trends were observed for millet stover and intercropped cowpea grain and stover yields. Influence of soil amendment application on grain and stover yields was greatest for sole cropped millet with use of zaï in high rainfall years. This first documentation of differential soil amendment response of sole and intercropped pearl millet with zaï, scarify, and no till systems indicates that the greatest pearl millet grain and stover yield is obtained with application of plough or zaï in combination with C + F, F + CR or C + F + CR soil amendment. Keywords: Compost, Fertilizer, No Till, Plough, Sole and Intercrop System, Scarify, Zaï Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 56-64 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019072136 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2136 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2136 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082136.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:56-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taha Ahmed Elmukashfi Author-Name: Mohamed AbdelSalam Nurein Author-Name: Mustafa Omran Mansour Title: Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary System among Sudanese on Hemodialysis at Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery, Gezira State, Sudan; 2018: Sonographic Study Abstract: Congenital anomalies of urinary system are of wide spectrum ranging from mild, asymptomatic malformations to severe fatal conditions. To investigate occurrence of congenital anomalies in urinary system. It was a cross-sectional study. Study populations were Sudanese patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis attending Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases & Surgery, Gezira State, Sudan. Independent variables were horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, double ureter or ureteral duplication, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, posterior urethral valves, hypogenesis, agenesis, and kidney position. Dependent variable was hemodialysis. Investigation was done using abdominal ultrasound. Personal data was obtained using a questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty one (62%) of respondents was male. Minimum age was 19 years while maximum age was 70 years. Maximum affected age group was age group (36-45) years; followed by age groups (46-55) and (56-65) years. Minimum age at which disease was diagnosed was 13 years. Overall prevalence was 12%. Four types of congenital anomalies were encountered and these are: polycystic kidney disease, uretero-pelvic junction obstruction, hypogenesis, and agenesis. Minimum disease duration was 1 year while maximum duration was 16 years. Mean duration was 6.42 years. Gender distribution of these types was as follows: Male (Two cases of polycystic kidney disease, one case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and one case of agenesis); female (one case of polycystic kidney disease, and one case of hypogenesis). Duration of disease is higher among male. Conclusion and recommendation: The current study highlighted a significant statistical relationship of the congenital anomalies in the urinary system among respondents and duration of ESRF. Screening for presence of congenital anomalies of renal system among general population of Central State may be of great help. Keywords: Congenital Anomalies of Renal System, ESRD, Sudanese Patients Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-49 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082147 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2147 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2147 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082147.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:44-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Vasilis Paspaliaris Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Title: Biophysical Insights into Cystic Fibrosis Based on Electromagnetic Resonances in CFTR Proteins Abstract: The cystic fibrosis is genetic disease characterised by build-up of thick mucus in the lungs, which causes difficulties in breathing. It is caused by mutations in CFTR protein. Here, we utilised the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which proposes that proteins specific activity is characterised by specific frequencies (wavelengths) of electromagnetic radiation. Using the RRM approach, we have identified the electromagnetic frequency (wavelength) characterising the healthy CFTR proteins, while the amplitude at this frequency is diminishing in mutated CFTR proteins. Thus, the identified characteristic frequency (wavelength) for heathy CFTR proteins could be proposed to be critical for healthy functioning of CFTR proteins and for differentiating between healthy and malfunctioning CFTR proteins related to cystic fibrosis. In addition, using the RRM approach we achieved the possible explanation on how specific temperature of 27-28°C can restore the healthy function in mutated CFTR proteins. Keywords: Protein Electromagnetic Resonances, Cystic Fibrosis, CFTR Proteins, Resonant Recognition Model, Molecular Modelling Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019082148 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2148 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2148 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092148.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bruna Fernandes Boaventura Author-Name: Julia Ramos de Campos Silva Author-Name: Oriane da Silva Pimenta Author-Name: Rubens José Bombardi Neto Author-Name: Bruno dos Reis Santos Author-Name: Alan Wilson Fortunato Author-Name: Matheus Martins de Freitas Author-Name: Antônio Carlos Tonelli Gusson Title: Perceptions of Mothers regarding the Importance of Breastfeeding Abstract: Objective: To identify the perceptions of mothers regarding the importance of breastfeeding. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 385 mothers recruited from three locations: a general hospital (n=73), children's hospital (n=227) and the Pro-Infancy Clinic (n=85). Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire on breastfeeding. Data analysis considered absolute and relative frequencies. Among the 385 mothers, 9.4% were not counseled regarding the properties and benefits of breast milk. The desire to breastfeed during pregnancy changed in 24.7% mothers after the child was born. The main difficulties during breastfeeding were “nipple pain and injury” (64.7%) and “altered sleep pattern” (63.6%). A total of 32.2% participants had difficulty reconciling breastfeeding and work; 65.5% of mothers introduced artificial milk, juices, teas, water, and cow's milk before six months of age; and 72.5% used pacifier/bottle feeding before six months of age. Difficulties during breastfeeding and the justifications of mothers who do not breastfeed show that simple measures can increase adherence to and the maintenance of breastfeeding. Maternity leave among working women is a favorable measure for the maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding. The assurance of exclusive breastfeeding for a longer time could probably reduce the use of devices such as a pacifier/bottle-feeding and lead to the later introduction of complementary foods, which are the main causes of the discontinuation of breastfeeding. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Weaning, Parental Leave, Child Health Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-35 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082153 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2153 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2153 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082153.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:29-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kouassi Abou Bakari Author-Name: Aka Stéphane Yves Author-Name: Brahima Kone Author-Name: Sorho Fatogoma Title: Agro-Morphological Diversity of some Improved and Local Rice (Oryza sativa) Varieties in Irrigated Lowland in Guinea Savannah of Côte D'ivoire Abstract: Problem: In Côte d'Ivoire, rice is a staple food crop for the populations. However, only half of local increasing demand is covered by domestic rice production because of poor seed quality and quantity. Objective: The general objective of this study is to determine the most discriminating phenotypic traits of 20 irrigated rice accessions, including 10 improved varieties produced by AfricaRice and 10 local varieties of Côte d'Ivoire, and identify those with the best production potential. Methodology and Results: Nine qualitative and 20 quantitative traits were scored in field conditions on each of the 20 rice varieties. A multiple correspondence analysis performed with the 9 qualitative descriptors separated the 20 rice varieties into 3 groups that globally distinguished improved varieties from local ones. Descriptive statistics of quantitative traits showed significant phenotypic differences between all the varieties. A principal component analysis revealed 6 rice variety groups determined by 79.82% of the observed variability. A hierarchical ascending classification separated the rice varieties into 6 agro-morphological diversity groups which were then all confirmed by a discriminant factorial analysis (DFA). The DFA also showed that plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, leaf width, shape of the seeds, seed yield and weight of 1000 grains are the descriptors which most determine the agro-morphological diversity of the 20 varieties. Conclusions and Application of Results: The 10 improved rice varieties are characterized by medium stem height, high tillering, long and round grains, and higher grain yield than local varieties. These improved varieties thus have a certain interest in the sense that high yield is a capital characteristic for rice growers, but also because the high tillering plays a very important role in the control of weeds. Keywords: Agro-Morphological Characterization, Rice Varieties, Lowland Agro-Ecological Conditions, Guinea Savannah Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-22 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082154 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2154 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2154 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082154.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:11-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Bounyadeth Thongsavanh Author-Name: Khanthaly Khamphilavong Author-Name: Sovu Title: The Factors Affecting Villagers’ Participation in a Sustainable Forest Management in Champasack Province, Lao PDR Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is to determine factors influencing local people's participation in a sustainable forest management in Pathoumphone Production Forest area in Champasak province, Lao PDR. In order to assess these factors, we had chosen 12 target group representatives: household representatives, village authorities, international aid agencies, central and local government agencies (Champasak Provincial Office for Agriculture and Forestry Office and District Office for Agriculture and Forestry Office). Household and village representatives are from Beuangko village, NamOm village, Nongbeuang village, Chongroy villages, and Phaosamphan village. Purposive Sampling was used to achieved the aim of this study. The analysis found that the factors that influenced villagers to participate in the sustainable forest product management consists of three main factors: economic factor, social factor, and other external factors with related to the project’s activities on the forest product management while providing knowledge to local people was also important. Policies should be reformed in order to strengthen village committees and they can be self-managed and benefits-sharing mechanism should be established in order to improve the participation of local villagers in the Production forest management. Keywords: Participation, People, Production Forest, Champasak, Lao PDR Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-43 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082155 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2155 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2155 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082155.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:36-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhang Li-Jun Author-Name: Huang Zhi-Li Author-Name: Wang Yan Author-Name: Li Qiao-Qiao Title: Expression of PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in IFN-β-induced Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Chondroblasts Abstract: Induction of chondrogenic differentiation from MSCs are necessary for qualification as sources of seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering。Our previous research showed IFN-β maybe as a helper of TGF-βto promote chondrogenesis of hMSCs. In this paper, we investigated the expression of PI3K/AKT during the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs，hMSCs were divided into Blank control group, TGF-β3 group and TGF-β3+IFN-β1a group and then were induced into cartilage pellets respectively . At day 4,7,14,21, the pellets were collected and qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the relative expression of PI3K and AKT. The qPCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT were up-regulated by TGF-β3 induced. Furthermore, the synergetic effect of TGF-β3 and IFN-β1a would up-regulate the mRNA expression levels of PI3K and AKT significantly. The Western blotting results showed that TGF-β3 also could up-regulate the expression of PI3K protein and with IFN-β1a the expression level increased significantly. However, according to AKT protein, TGF-β3 maybe only could up-regulate AKT(S473) expression, and with IFN-β1a the AKT(T308) expression could be up-regulated .These results showed that the synergetic effect of TGF-β3 and IFN-β1a could up-regulate the gene expression in PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and then promote hMSCs chondrogenic differentiation. Keywords: PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway, hMSCs, Chondrogenic Differentiation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-28 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082156 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2156 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2156 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082156.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:23-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cedric Kuang Title: Insight of Artificial Intelligence Application in Healthcare Abstract: Ever since “Deep Blue” defeated the human champion chess player in 1997, artificial intelligence has caused extensive attention and discussion. With the development of computing and data storage technologies, artificial intelligence has been made great progress and applied in a wide range of fields. Here, we focus on several creative and novel applications of artificial intelligence in the healthcare field and also discuss their future trends. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-55 Volume: 8 Issue: 08 Year: 2019 Month: August Number: V82019082157 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2157 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2157 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019082157.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:8:p:50-55 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulibaly Bakary Author-Name: Voko B. R.D. R Author-Name: Toure A. Author-Name: Kouassi K. C Author-Name: Konate I. Author-Name: Coulibaly A. Title: Assessment of the Level of Microbiological Contamination of Market Garden Waters in the City of Daloa (Ivory Coast) Abstract: The city of Daloa located in the center-west of the Ivory Coast chief town of the Haut-Sassandra region since 1996 has a significant market gardening activity in the slums of the districts of ABATTOIR, COMMERCE CIE, ORLY, MARIN, COMMERCE CROU D and HUBERSON. A study from May 2017 to August 2017 in this geographical unit, had as main objective to determine the level of microbiological contamination of wastewater used in market gardening, to evaluate the health risk for fresh vegetables and to contribute to the reduction of negative impacts induced. It emerges that the water of the Daloa town's lowlands used for watering plants is polluted by wastewater and solid waste from households, markets, and have significant levels of streptococci (495 PDUs). / mL at 1.850 x 103 UFC / mL), in Salmonella (2 103 UFC / mL), in E. coli (290 UFC / mL at 1.082 103 UFC / mL), in P. aeroginosa (521 UFC / mL at 1, 26 103 UFC / mL), S. aureus (135 UFC / mL at 360 103 UFC / mL) and V. cholera (95 UFC / mL at 337 UFC / mL). Many practices and numerous risky behaviors have been observed and contribute to the spread of waterborne diseases. Despite the risk of waterborne diseases, this activity contributes significantly to improving the living conditions of the categories of actors involved in this activity. Keywords: Urban Market Gardening, Wastewater, Salmonella, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeroginosa, V. cholera, Streptococci, Pathogens, Microorganisms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019082162 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2162 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2162 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092162.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Froumsia Moksia Author-Name: Hamawa Yougouda Author-Name: Nanga Jeanne Flore Author-Name: Souare Konsala Author-Name: Tchobsala Author-Name: Dibong Siegfried Didier Author-Name: Zapfack Louis Author-Name: Mapongmetsem Pierre Marie Title: Diversity and Socio-Economic Value of Wild Edible Plants in the Mounts Mandara Region, Cameroon Abstract: A study was carried out in the Mounts Mandara to assess the diversity of edible plant species, to identify the use of the edible products, and to determine their socio-economic value. Interviews of a sampling population were conducted randomly in 5 zones with 5 villages each and in rural and urban markets; a sample of 1020 persons was interviewed to evaluate and quantify the various products and determine their flows. The results showed that the edible plant products used in the area were: fruits, leaves, flowers, seeds, tubers, roots, barks and stems. These products were harvested from 61 plant species belonging to 29 families in which 54 species were fruit trees, 11 species produced leaves and / or flowers, 4 species produced seeds. The total annual quantity of products harvested was 1080.9 t in which: fruit (725.62 t); leaves (97.5 t), flowers (1.96 t), and seeds (255.82 t). The seeds of Parkia biglobosa were the most useful part by the populations of Mounts Mandara making “dawa-dawa” some traditional aromatic for a sauce. Exploited products were an important source of food and income for the people. Annually, exploited products generated at whole of 60 783 975 F CFA. The fruits were sold for 17 542 375 F CFA, the seeds yielded 36 676 900 F CFA, the contribution of the leaves was 5 452 820 F CFA and that of the flowers was 724880 F CFA, "dawa-dawa" brought, very popular, bring in a modest sum of 787 000 F CFA. Local people were developing interest in exploiting different bush products. The exploitation activities of the various products were intensifying; the requested species must be domestication to ensure the sustainable management. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-25 Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 Month: October Number: V82019082168 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2168 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2168 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019102168.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:10:p:13-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoyuan Song Author-Name: Junfang Li Author-Name: Yimin Wang Author-Name: Ganjun Yuan Author-Name: Shan Lai Author-Name: Houqin Yi Author-Name: Pingyi Li Title: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Ursolic Acid Derivatives Abstract: To obtained natural products with remarkable antibacterial activities, three 3-amino substituted (UA) derivatives 2, 3 and 4 were designed and synthesized, and their antibacterial activity were assayed using broth microdilution method. Compared to UA, there three derivatives present higher antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 16 to 32 μg/mL. Furthermore, their cytotoxicities to human hepatoma cell (BEL-7402) were evaluated using MTT method, and the results indicated that their derivatives had no toxicity (IC50 value was larger than 10 μM), while UA presented a certain cytotoxicity. Keywords: Ursolic Acid, Antibacterial Activity, Synthesis, Structural Modification, Mic, Mtt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-23 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019082169 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2169 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2169 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092169.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:20-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Panagiota Xanthopoulou Author-Name: Emmanouil Stavrakakis Title: Supporting Students as a Means of Preventing Dropout in Open and Distance Education Abstract: The purpose of the current research is to explore how to reduce the dropout rates in Distance Education through supporting students. More precisely, it focuses on measures that can be taken to help and encourage students facing difficulties and dealing with obstacles during their studies at the Hellenic Open University, thus fighting against dropout. The analysis of the results showed that both the academic staff and the students of the postgraduate program “Education Sciences” believe that the assistance provided to the students is not sufficient and that further measures should be taken to support students more effectively. Tutors, as well as students, claim that not only the role of a tutor is what ensures confidence during guidance and creating a climate of encouragement and support, but also he/she is the key person who can help, both academically and psychologically, students to continue their studies and finish them successfully. Tutors who participated in this research pointed out that, by supporting students, they can become more independent, while students claimed that they need more guidance, encouragement, and assistance from their tutors, even when they do not face difficulties while studying. Students feel that “Tutor –Student” communication is not as essential or effective as it should be and they further believe that a common line should be adopted so that all educators treat all students equally in all seriousness, especially those who encounter difficulties that affect their studies. Students also highlighted the importance of communication, cooperation, and collaboration between students and suggest that both the educational institution and its academic staff should employ these methods. Finally, the Hellenic Open University should adopt new methods and keep up with the current trends in the field of distance education, in order to integrate all students, even those who are at risk of dropping out. Keywords: Open and Distance Education Dropout, Student Support, Hellenic Open University, Study Obstacles Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-19 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019092171 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2171 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2171 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092171.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:9-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ana Carolina São Bento Martins Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Risk Factors for Sexual Dysfunction in Obese Women Abstract: Obesity is a modern disease that may be associated with sexual dysfunction, the inability to participate in a pleasurable sexual relationship. Sexual dysfunction is more common in women than men. The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors for sexual dysfunction in obese women. Articles in English and Portuguese published between 1996 and 2018 in the Medline/PubMed and SciELO databases were identified using the terms "sexuality" AND "sexual dysfunction" AND "obesity" AND "overweight" AND "body mass index" AND "women". The results showed that female sexual dysfunction, a complex multifactorial disease that is correlated to health status, can be influenced by obesity. Thus, it can be concluded that weight loss, lifestyle changes and a healthy diet, treatment of complications associated with obesity, and use of non-hormonal contraceptives can lead to an improvement in female sexual function and, consequently, the quality of life of women. Keywords: Sexual Activity, Obesity, Sexuality, Body Mass Index, Women Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-57 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019092172 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2172 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2172 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092172.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:52-57 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oludele Olayemi ODEKANYIN Author-Name: Abideen Oyinlola Ayangbemi Author-Name: Aanuoluwapo Joy Jerome Title: Enzymatic Production of Sarotherodon galillaeus Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Assessment of its Alpha-Amylase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential Abstract: The study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity and α-amylase activity inhibitory potential of Sarotherodon galillaeus muscle protein hydrolysates. Sarotherodon galillaeus muscle protein isolate was hydrolysed with three digestive proteases namely trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin. Degree of hydrolysis was determined. The antioxidative potential of the hydrolysates was investigated using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, hydrogen peroxide scavenging and metal chelating activity. The ability of the hydrolysates to inhibit the activity of sugar-hydrolysing enzyme was also evaluated. Highest degree of hydrolysis was obtained with pepsin (55.86%) followed by trypsin (47.11%) and chymotrypsin (42.36%) after 6 hrs of hydrolysis. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of hydrolysates produced by trypsin, chymotrypsin and pepsin for DPPH radical scavenging activity were 1.26 ± 0.95, 0.98 ± 0.07 and 1.18 ± 0.34 mg/ml respectively. Trypsin-produced hydrolysates displayed highest metal chelating activity and ferric reducing power while hydrolysates obtained with pepsin showed highest hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. Amylase activity inhibitory potential of all the hydrolysates was low with pepsin-produced hydrolysates shown highest inhibitory effect of 18.46 ± 1.51%. The hydrolysates showed antioxidative potential that can be used in prevention of food oxidation. Keywords: Sarotherodon galillaeus, Hydrolysate, Amylase, Antioxidant, Degree of Hydrolysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-13 Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 Month: November Number: V82019092174 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2174 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2174 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019112174.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:6-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weitter Duckss Title: White Dwarfs are Small, Fast-Spinning Hot Stars Abstract: In order to determine the density of white dwarfs and other stars I used a database and created several relations, such as mass/volume of different star types, to create comparable dana, the values of rotation, the percentage of the objects orbiting around a central object and the explanation how different speeds of rotation, if unused, influence the irregular derivation of the gravitational results. Some other factors, essential in creating real values in astrophysics, are also analyzed here. The results acquired in such a way reveal a real image, which is impossible to perceive if analysing only a small or limited quantity of stars and other objects. It doesn't work without a larger sequence of relations of different parameters. The research represents the interweaving of data for stars when indicators start displaying comparable results. The rotation speed value is closely related to star types, as presented in the tables 4 and 6. At the same time it defines the temperature level of an object, but only faintly affects its density. Density mildly decreases with the increase of the rotation speed, but magnetic field value increases strongly. Keywords: White Dwarfs, Hot Stars, Rotation Speed, Density Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-31 Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 Month: November Number: V82019092177 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2177 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2177 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019112177.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:23-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kassi Fernand Author-Name: Assani Soulaïmana Author-Name: Bomisso Edson Lezin Author-Name: N’dri Konan Lazare Author-Name: Assa Rebecca epse Yao Author-Name: Ake Severin Title: Potential use of Coffee Bean Parchment as Substrate for Soilless Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) Cultivation in Gabon Abstract: This work proposes to promote coffee bean parchment as substrate of soilless tomato plant cultivation by looking for the adequate particle-size distribution and the optimal dose of calcium hypochlorite to be used for disinfecting the substrate. Substrates with different particle-size distribution (2.8, 2.25 and 1.85 mm in diameter) were subjected to direct (porosity, specific humidity, pH, organic matter, mineral content, carbon content) and then indirect morphological characterization after disinfection or not with different doses of calcium hypochlorite (10; 20; 30; 40 g/l), based on germination and height growth estimates of the plants produced. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of substrates S1 (raw bean parchment) and S2 (bean parchment screened with 2.85 mm-mesh sieve) were close to those of the reference substrate (FC), which was coir. With respect to calcium-hypochlorite disinfected culture substrates, the substrates (S1: raw bean parchment + 10 g/l of calcium hypochlorite) and (S2: bean parchment screened with 2.85 mm-mesh sieve + 10 g/l calcium hypochlorite) were the best regarding the combination of physicochemical and vegetative parameters of tomato plants and could be recommended as substrate for substituting coir (FC). Keywords: Coffee Bean Parchment, Physicochemical Characteristics, Soilless Cultivation, Tomato Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 58-67 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019092178 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2178 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2178 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092178.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:58-67 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Piotr H. Pawlowski Title: The Smooth Evolution of the Universal Genetic Code. Main Episodes Abstract: The possible scenario of the origin and evolution of genetic code is proposed, being primarily implicated by the working hypothesis which states that the chronological order of amino acids evolutionary implementation monotonically correlates with their increasing mass. It fulfills the minimalistic claim of the smallest changes of the evolving system at increasing complexity, hereinafter called "the smooth evolution". The working hypothesis was postulated concerning the results of statistical analysis indicating a strong correlation between amino acid mass and the chosen parameters of contemporary genetic code, which are expected to change in a certain individual direction during the evolution of the initial genetic system. It was additionally supplemented by the most common hypotheses adopted from the literature, as stereochemical, 'frozen accident' and coevolutional. The developed scenario allows a detailed description of the twenty-two consecutive episodes of the history of code definition and the estimation of its dynamics. It reveals the main eras of evolution conditioned by the environmental and structural constraints. It also lets the estimation of the evolutionary frequencies of codon sense expansion, and redefinition. Dominating trends and amino acids were indicated. The underlying assumptions, limits, exceptions, and the future of the code evolution have been discussed. Keywords: Universal Genetic Code, Evolution, Theory Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-51 Volume: 8 Issue: 09 Year: 2019 Month: September Number: V82019092180 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2180 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2180 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019092180.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:28-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: R. Arias Author-Name: M. G. Muro Author-Name: M. S. Trigo Author-Name: M. Eirin Author-Name: D. Boyezuk Author-Name: C. A. Cordiviola Title: The Effect of Wheat Bran on the Total Apparent Digestibility of Dry Matter, NDF, ADF and CP in Goat Diets Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat bran in increasing amounts on the total apparent dry matter digestibility (DM), the fiber (NDF, ADF) and the protein (CP) in goat diets. Eight Criollo x Nubian goats were used in a 4x4 Latin square experimental design. Four diets were provided: alfalfa hay (D0); alfalfa hay + wheat bran (WB) (0.5% of BW/day) (D1), alfalfa hay + WB (1% of BW/day) (D2) and alfalfa hay + WB (1.5% of BW/day) (D3). All the treatments consisted of alfalfa hay delivered ad libitum. In vivo total apparent digestibility of the DM intake and its fractions was calculated as a result of the difference between the ingested and excreted amounts in relation to the intake. Forage intake and the relation forage/concentrate decreased linearly (p < 0.05) with the increase of the concentrate. Energy intake increased linearly (p < 0.05) with larger amounts of WB. The total apparent digestibility of the ingested DM showed a significant linear increase (p < 0.05) with the increase of concentrate. The digestibility of NDF, ADF and CP registered no differences (p > 0.05) with the WB increase in the different treatments. We can conclude that the addition of WB in Criollo x Nubian goats improved the total apparent digestibility of the ingested DM by replacing hay for concentrate, without altering NDF, ADF and CP fractions. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-12 Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 Month: October Number: V82019092182 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2182 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2182 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019102182.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:10:p:6-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Some Groupoids and their Representations by Means of Integer Sequences Abstract: In some previous works, we have discussed the groupoids related to the integer sequences of Mersenne, Fermat, Cullen, Woodall and other numbers. These groupoids possess different binary operators. As we can easily see, other integer sequences can have the same binary operators, and therefore can be used to represent the related groupoids. Using the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (OEIS), we are able to identify the properties of these representations of groupoids. At the same time, we can also find integer sequences not given in OEIS and probably not yet studied. Keywords: Groupoid Representations, Integer Sequences, Binary Operators, Generalized Sums, Generalized Entropies, Tsallis Entropy, Q-Calculus, Abelian Groups, Fermat Numbers, Mersenne Numbers, Triangular Numbers, Repunits, Oblong Numbers Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 Month: October Number: V82019102188 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2188 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2188 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019102188.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:10:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jérôme T. YAMEOGO Author-Name: Kalifa COULIBALY Author-Name: Tatiana M. C. COMPAORE Author-Name: Antoine N. SOME Author-Name: Hassan B. NACRO Title: Contribution of Soil and Water Conservation Techniques to Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Forest Ecosystem in West Africa (Burkina Faso) Abstract: Kuinima forest ecosystem, a classified forest, located in western Burkina Faso, is undergoing accelerated degradation due to climatic hazards and anthropogenic factors such as excessive cutting of trees, bush fires, etc. The main objective of this study is to assess the contribution of three water and soil conservation techniques (Zaï forest, stone rows, Zaï forest+ stone rows) to soil carbon sequestration and their impact on some soil physicochemical parameters. Thus, soil samples were taken, and the physicochemical parameters of the soil were analyzed in the laboratory. The organic carbon stock was calculated based on the results of the carbon content analysis. The results revealed that the treatments had higher clay and silt contents than the control. The treatments also had a significant impact on soil organic carbon content, total nitrogen, available potassium and cation exchange capacity over the 0-20 cm depth. Compared to the control, the Zaï forest, Zaï forest+stone rows and stone rows treatments led to respective increase in the carbon stock of 166%, 77% and 21%. In conclusion, this study has shown that Zaï forest and stone rows can contribute significantly to soil carbon sequestration to fight against climate change. Keywords: Zaï Forest, Carbon Stock, Climate Change, Stone Rows, Burkina Faso Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-40 Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 Month: November Number: V82019102189 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2189 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2189 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019112189.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:32-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aka Aka Romain Author-Name: Coulibaly Klotioloma Author-Name: Walet Pierre N’GUESSAN Author-Name: Koffie KOUAKOU Author-Name: Tahi Gnion Mathias Author-Name: K. F. N’Guessan Author-Name: Emmanuelle MULLER Author-Name: Nicodeme ZAKRA Author-Name: Kebe Boubacar Ismael Author-Name: Assi Maryse Evlyne Author-Name: Brigitte GUIRAUD Author-Name: Kone Boake Author-Name: Nazaire KOUASSI Author-Name: Kone Daouda Author-Name: Kouassi Rene ALLOU Title: Cocoa Swollen Shoot Disease in Côte D’ivoire: History of Expansion from 2008 to 2016 Abstract: Cocoa is one of the major cash crop of Cote d’Ivoire. With 1 964 000 tons in 2018, Côte d'Ivoire is leading the world cocoa beans supply. Unfortunately, this important source of income for the country is under a severe pressure of the Cocoa Swollen Shoot Disease. This disease had been reported for the first time in 1943 in the eastern part of the country. In 2003, important infection areas were reported in the departments of Sinfra and Bouaflé in the Central-West with more than 77.000 ha destroyed. Since that period the disease is reported in several places. But we didn’t have a clear idea of all the infected areas. This study aims to study somehow the spread of the disease. The main parameters studied are the incidence and prevalence. The methodological approach consisted in surveys implemented in two steps: 2008-2012 and 2013-2016 on farmer’s farms. The study carried out between 2008 and 2012, shows that the CSSD prevalence was 16.37% with 19 regions infected out of 24. The disease reaches 83 departments and 40.680 farms. The second phase of the survey held from 2013 to 2016 shows that the prevalence was 19.51%. It help to highlight a strong progression of the disease in the orchard with 7.734 new farms infected in 111 localities divided into 24 regions. Globally the study shows that the incidence of the CSSD in the orchard ranked from 0% to 76.67 % and the national average is 4.06 %. The areas with low incidence cover 85 localities. The areas with moderate incidence are 25. Doba in San Pedro were the area of highest incidence (76.67%). Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-60 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019102203 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2203 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2203 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012203.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:52-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu-Fen Chen Title: Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Cloud Learning for Higher Education: A Case Study of the Integration of Cloud Learning Platform and Zuvio Abstract: With the popularization of smart devices, the threshold for implementing cloud mobile learning is decreasing. With higher education presently facing the need for reform and innovation, this study addresses this need based upon the framework of activity theory. It implements a teaching mode combining a cloud learning platform and a real-time evaluation system, Zuvio, and explores the acceptance of this by students, the preparation and acceptance of teachers, and the support of the school. Also examined is whether the above three have different levels of cognition and actual execution problems and difficulties. The results of the study will be applied to courses in the School of Business and Management, where it will signify a major breakthrough in curriculum innovation. This study is based on the perspectives of students and teachers. The purpose is to understand the challenges and opportunities in teaching practice resulting from the integration of the cloud learning platform and Zuvio. It is expected that the research results obtained will be promoted, referenced, and applied to the teaching field of higher education as a pioneering procedure. Keywords: Cloud Learning Platform, Zuvio, Activity Theory, Higher Education Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-22 Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 Month: November Number: V82019102209 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2209 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2209 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/ File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:14-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Norma Ghamrawi Author-Name: Noha Al-Hassan Title: Rejunevating Teacher Leadership Capacity through an in-service Training Program Focusing on Active Learning: A Case Study Abstract: This study investigated the impact of an intervention program on developing teacher leadership skills by developing teachers’ capacities on shifting classrooms from teacher-centered to student-centered learning environments. Findings of this paper are part of a larger study that employed the action research methodology, and was carried out over the course of one academic year in a K-12 private school in Mount Lebanon. The sample involved 15 teachers and data was collected through (1) a classroom observation tool; and (2) a teacher leadership survey. Data collection instruments were administered before and after the intervention program that aimed at leveraging the repertoire of classroom practices into student-centered learning environments. Microsoft Excel was employed to calculate descriptive statisctics. Results showed that the intervention had a slight, yet appreciable impact on the teaching-learning environment; and supported the development of teacher leadership skills. Keywords: Student-Centered Classrooms, Teacher Leadership, School Improvement, Active Learning Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-50 Volume: 8 Issue: 10 Year: 2019 Month: October Number: V82019112212 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2212 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2212 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019102212.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:10:p:32-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nwatarali N. Alex Title: Palynofacies and Kerogen Analyses of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Danian) Shales of Ugwueme Section of Anambra Basin, Southeastern Nigeria Abstract: Three samples of shale recovered from late Campanian to Danian sediments around Ugwueme area, Anambra Basin were studied for their particulate organic matter distribution and hydrocarbon potentials. Two major palynofacies were identified and designated palynofacies A and palynofacies B. Palynofacies A occupies the basal unit (Nkwe mudstone unit of Nkporo Shale) and the topmost unit; Umuaku shale unit of Nsukka Formation).Palynofacies A is dominated by abundant amorphous organic matter (AOM) and some phytoclastmaterials majorly of macerol marine exinite and some terrestrial influenced materials. Palynofacies B represents the middle unit bed (AcharaUgwueme shale unit of Mamu Formation) constitutes abundant phytoclasts with opaque debris of well-preserved terrestrial influenced plant fragments. The kerogen investigation result shows Nkwe mudstone unit of Nkporo Shale Formation and Umuaku shale unit of Nsukka Formation to be type II/III kerogens known to be oil-gas prone material. The study reveals that AcharaUgwueme shale unit of Mamu Formation is of type III kerogen known to be gas-prone. Estimation of the maturation stage of the samples using the exinecolours of pale-yellow to yellow, the sporomorphs shows (1+ to 2+)thermal alteration index(TAI) and reflectance values of 0.3% for both Nkwe mudstone and AcharaUgwume shale unit, thus are thermally immature to generate hydrocarbons while Umuaku shale unit with exinesporomorphscolour of yellow –light brown, (2to2+), thermal alteration index (TAI) and reflectance value of 0.5% to be thermally immature to early mature (early oil phase of hydrocarbon generation). Keywords: Macerol Marine Exinite, Palynofacies, Phytoclast and Kerogen Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 8 Issue: 11 Year: 2019 Month: November Number: V82019112213 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2213 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2213 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019112213.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:11:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gulshan Khatun Title: Performance Evaluation on Mass Recovery Three-Bed Adsorption Chiller Abstract: In this paper, the performance of a three-bed (equal bed) adsorption chiller with mass recovery has been numerically studied. The mass recovery scheme is used to improve the cooling effect and a CFC-free-based sorption chiller driven by the low-grade waste heat or any renewable energy source can be developed for the next generation of refrigeration. Silica gel/water is taken as adsorbent/adsorbate pair for the present chiller. The three-bed adsorption chiller comprises with three adsorber/desorber heat exchanger, one evaporator and one condenser. In the present numerical solution, the heat source temperature variation is taken from 500C to 650C along with coolant inlet temperature at 300C and the chilled water inlet temperature at 140C. In the new strategy, mass recovery process occurs in all beds. The configuration of beds in the three bed chiller with mass recovery were taken as uniform in size. The cycle simulation calculation indicates that the COP value of the three-bed adsorption chiller with mass recovery is 0.6214 with a driven heat source temperature at 65°C in combination with coolant inlet and chilled water inlet temperatures at 30°C and 14°C, respectively. Keywords: Renewable Energy Sources, Silica Gel-Water, Mass Recovery, Adsorption Chiller, Cooling Capacity and Coefficient of Performance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-14 Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 Month: December Number: V82019112224 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2224 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2224 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019122224.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:12:p:9-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: David Safari Author-Name: Grant C Edwards Author-Name: Faustina Gyabaah Title: Diurnal and Seasonal Variation of CO2 and CH4 Fluxes in Tomago Wetland Abstract: The measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in estuaries is crucial in expressing the impacts of these GHGs on global warming, and hence climate change. In this study, we investigated the effect of various environmental and micrometeorological factors on diurnal and seasonal variations of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in a tidal inundated saltmarsh. Measurements of GHG fluxes were taken by using eddy covariance technique from August 2015 to July 2016 in Tomago wetland, Newcastle, NSW, Australia. In this paper, a positive flux is defined as the one directing into the atmosphere. The highest average diurnal emissions were 2.54 µg m-2 s-1 CH4 during the day and 0.45 mg m-2 s-1 CO2 at night. Monthly average fluxes peaked in February (0.365 µg m-2 s-1 CH4 and 0.137 mg m-2 s-1 CO2). There was a significant negative relationship between CO2 flux and water level (p < 0.001), tidal height (p = 0.02) and positive relationship with water temperature (p = 0.002). CH4 flux showed positive correlation with water level and negative correlation with EC although not statistically significant. Although tidal flooding did not demonstrate clearly carbon sequestration before and after tidal reinstatement, freshwater events (rainfall) were seen to influence the wetland carbon balance. Keywords: GHG Flux, Water Level, Tidal Inundation, Salinization, Rainfall Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-51 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019112229 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2229 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2229 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012229.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:41-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Soutongnooma Caroline BOUDA Author-Name: Assèta KAGAMBÈGA Author-Name: Laetitia BONIFAIT Author-Name: Evariste BAKO Author-Name: Haoua CISSE Author-Name: Hadiza Bawa IBRAHIM Author-Name: Françoise Le Gall Author-Name: Aïssata WEREME-N’DIAYE Author-Name: Sababenejo Alfred TRAORE Author-Name: Marianne CHEMALY Author-Name: Gilles SALVAT Author-Name: Nicolas BARRO Title: Serotypes and Multiresistant Salmonella sp. from Chicken Eggs and Laying Hens in Burkina Faso Abstract: The study investigated the prevalence and antibioresistance profil of Salmonella sp. serovars isolated from eggs and poultry in stock farming. A total of 245 eggs and 98 laying hens fecal matters from different breeding sheds were collected. The samples were processed for identification and serotyping of Salmonella sp using microbiological standard methods and Kauffman-White scheme respectively. Salmonella sp isolates antibiotic susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion method. A total of 63 Salmonella isolates were recovered with positive samples from eggs (11.8%) and from faecal matter (12.24%). The successful serotyping of 53/63 isolates revealed the presence of S. Typhimurium (11.11%), S. Kentucky (1.59%), S. Ouakam (1.59%), S. Brancaster (6.35%), S Hato (6.35%), S. Essen (3.17%), S. Cannstatt (1.59%), and S. Derby (36.51%). Ten strains (15.87%) were untypable and ten (15.87%) belong to different serogroups such F and O. All the sérotypes shown resistance to at least one antibiotic while, 41 (65.08%) were multi-resistant to Erythromycin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxon, while high sensitivity was recorded for Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Cephalexin, Sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim and Colistin Sulfate. These results suggest that eggs from stock farming are contaminated and harbour resistant Salmonella sp. It highlights worry in antibiotics use in stock farming, the need for farm workers and consumers education about safe handling of eggs. Keywords: Salmonella Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance, Eggs, Layer Hens, Burkina Faso Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-25 Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 Month: December Number: V82019112231 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2231 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2231 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019122231.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:12:p:19-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sorho Fatogoma Author-Name: Guinagui Ndoua Bertrand Author-Name: Bolou B. Bolou Antoine Author-Name: Kone Nahoua Author-Name: Kouassi Abou Bakari Author-Name: Brahima Kone Author-Name: Kone Daouda Title: Response of 20 Rice Genotypes to the Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) under Natural Infection Conditions in the M'bé Valley of Côte d'Ivoire Abstract: One of the major constraints on rice production in Africa is the yellow mottle virus (RYMV) disease caused by Rice yellow mottle virus. In the context of the complex nature of this disease and the rapid development of its epidemics, only an integrated approach within a controlled ecological framework can lead to the development of an effective and sustainable control strategy. In order to search for varieties able to resist this virosis, a screening was carried out under natural infection conditions to assess the resistance capacity of 20 rice genotypes, including ten F1 hybrids and ten locally grown varieties. The study was carried out in Bouaké using a split plot system with three replicates. NPK fertilizers (12 24 18) and urea (46% N) were applied at 150 and 100 kg/ha respectively. The incidence, AUSPC and progression rate of RYMV disease were evaluated in the different varieties tested. Serological analysis confirmed the presence of RYMV in the collected leaf samples. The results showed that Palawan (0.13), Wita 9 (0.11), AR051H (0.19) and AR034H (0.09) had the lowest disease progression rates compared to Kpatè (2.3); Soungrouba (1.26); Marigbè (1.26); AR638H (1.56); Kouiklonlé (0.88) and GT11 (0.89) in which the highest rates of disease progression were observed. Similarly, the incidence of RYMV recorded by stage of genotype development was lower in Palawan, Wita 9, AR051H and AR034H. The Palawan, Wita 9, AR051H and AR034H varieties can be deployed without great risk in central Côte d'Ivoire. However, an evaluation under semi-controlled conditions should be considered in order to confirm the behaviours of the different genotypes. These varieties could be exploited pending the large-scale deployment of improved, naturally resistant RYMV genotypes. Keywords: Resistance, Incidence, AUSPC, Rice yellow mottle virus, hybrid, RYMV Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 Month: December Number: V82019112232 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2232 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2232 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019122232.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:12:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yang Liu Author-Name: Genlong Jiao Author-Name: Zhizhong Li Title: Challenges in the Management of Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis (PLO) in Women of Childbearing age With Multiple Vertebral Fractures Abstract: Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO) is a rare but serious and difficult to be diagnosed disease, which occurs in the late gestation and early lactation, mainly manifested by low back pain, vertebral fracture and reduction of hip bone density. It is difficult to diagnose and has a high rate of misdiagnosis and mistreatment. We present the case of a 39-year-old woman who suffered from acute low back pain and walking difficulty after a sudden stoop in 2 months postnatal. The X-ray and MRI examination showed that fractures occurred in the first, second and fifth lumbar vertebrae. Bone mineral density (BMD) examination confirmed osteoporosis. After stopping lactation, calcium and vitamin K2 supplemented, compared with zoledronic acid injection, the low back pain was relieved and the BMD increased gradually. The incidence of PLO is seriously underestimated in clinical practice. Women in pregnancy and lactation with acute low back pain should be highly alert to the occurrence of PLO, and early treatment need to be taken in case of further serious consequences such as vertebral compression fracture or hip fracture. Keywords: Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis (PLO), Osteoporosis, Vertebral Fracture, Bone Mineral Density Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-18 Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 Month: December Number: V82019112233 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2233 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2233 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019122233.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:12:p:15-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: CLAUDE Jean-Philippe Author-Name: JOSEPH Philippe Author-Name: ABATI Yelji Author-Name: BAILLARD Kevine Author-Name: JEAN-FRANCOIS Yanis Author-Name: ELY-MARIUS Severine Author-Name: SOPHIE Stephane Author-Name: SIMPHOR Jean-Emile Author-Name: MAJOR Peguy Author-Name: JEAN-VALERY Marc Title: Environments Conducive to Coffea liberica in Martinique Abstract: Martinique was recognised as a pioneer in the insular Caribbean for coffee cultivation in the early 18th century. The island is known for its legendary "Martinique" coffee dating from that time but it no longer has coffee-growing industries. As part of a project to revive this cultivation, a geographic information system (GIS) was developed in order to carry out a pedoclimatic zoning and to find environments favourable to species of the Coffea genus. A first zoning resulted in an inability to produce quality Arabica coffee for the future, with rainfall representing a major limiting factor. Because the island contains the three most cultivated species of coffee in the world, a second zoning was carried out and resulted in real but limited opportunities for Coffea canephora. A third zoning has now been carried out for the last exogenous species of the Coffea genus: Coffea liberica. The edapho-climatic requirements of C. liberica have also been defined using the world's scientific literature. Numerical data (isohyets, isotherms, geomorphology) also come from Martinican institutions with expertise in the production of environmental data (IRD, IGN, Météo-France, DEAL, CTM) . This data was processed using the GIS software: QGIS version 2.18.14. The pedoclimatic zoning of Coffea liberica reveals more possibilities for cultivation and it appears to be more suited to the environmental conditions of the island than Arabica and Canephora. Based on the forecasts of the National Meteorological Services for the 2071-2100 time horizon, we carried out an agro-climatic zoning showing increased possibilities for the production of this coffee in future years. Keywords: Martinique, Coffea liberica, Edapho-Climatic Requirements, GIS, Pedoclimatic Zoning, Agro-Climatic Zoning, Climate Change Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-37 Volume: 8 Issue: 12 Year: 2019 Month: December Number: V82019122235 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2235 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2235 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V82019122235.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:8:y:2019:i:12:p:26-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Martin Musonda Musakanya Title: Construction Cost Estimates Related Risks Abstract: Construction projects are one-off endeavors with many unique challenges such as long period, complicated processes abnormal environment, financial intensity and dynamic organization structures and comes with enormous risks. One of the major challenges is to manage the initial cost estimate and the risk associated with it. However construction cost estimate is carried out under conditions of uncertainty. The preparation and accuracy of any type of cost estimate will depend heavily on the amount of information available and tools used during different project phases. While risks cannot be eliminated completely, where there is a cost but successful projects are those where risks are effectively managed of which early and effective identification and assessment of the relationships between cost and risks is essential. A good cost estimate: is built on understanding of the cost driven relationships and risk is one of these cost driven relationship associated with cost. Therefore risk is a cost that cannot be exactly measured with mathematical accuracy, then Cost and risk share a relationship which is verb and more so approximation relationship .With the exception to when a risk occurs and is translated into cost. In particular the risk analysis is used to examine the expected cost of the project and to assess whether the contingency allowance is fit for the project. The relationship between cost and risks is discussed in same details. Keywords: Risk Analysis, Estimation, Construction, Uncertainty Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 61-65 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019122240 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2240 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2240 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012240.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:61-65 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: ABATI Yelji Author-Name: JOSEPH Philippe Author-Name: BAILLARD Kevine Author-Name: CLAUDE Jean-Philippe Author-Name: JEAN-FRANCOIS Yanis Author-Name: ELY-MARIUS Severine Author-Name: SOPHIE Stephane Author-Name: SIMPHOR Jean-Emile Author-Name: MAJOR Peguy Author-Name: JEAN-VALERY Marc Title: Some Aspects of the Ecology of a Potentially Invasive Species in Martinique: The Case of Dichrostachys cinerea Abstract: Biological invasions are the second most significant cause of biodiversity loss. They lead to the introduction of exogenous plant species which today threaten autochthonous and/or endemic species. Indeed, many plant species have disappeared. Other highly endangered species are currently in danger of extinction. Human activities, the overexploitation of resources, climate change but also biological invasions have advanced these extinctions. These phenomena have led to the progressive deterioration of the environments and a decrease in the diversity of the landscapes (a considerable depletion of the plant ecosystem) thus contributing to a loss of biodiversity. Natural (cyclones, etc.) or anthropogenic (pollution, etc.) perturbations create openings in the ground cover allowing more competitive species to install themselves. Introduced plant species install themselves in the open areas caused by these perturbations. They overcome a succession of barriers (physical, geographic, environmental) before they can become invasive. When conditions are favourable to their installation, they develop there to the detriment of the native populations. Insular environments (islands) are more sensitive to the phenomena of biological invasions. In Martinique, forests have gradually degraded and are losing their ecosystem resilience. This favours the installation and development of invasive species. Dichrostachys cinerea is an introduced species which is native to Africa and which has become naturalised on the island of Martinique. It colonises extensively perturbed areas, fallow land, abandoned farm plots located in the south of the island. A floristic analysis of the forests of the communes of southern Martinique (Sainte Anne, Marin, Vauclin) was carried out in order to establish the ecological profile of this shrub. Keywords: Dichrostachys cinerea, Lesser Antilles, Martinique, Biodiversity, Potentially Invasive Plant, Anthropisation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-26 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019122242 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2242 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2242 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012242.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:8-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuo-Chen Chou Title: Showcase to Illustrate How the Web-Server iKcr-PseEns is Working Abstract: In 2018 a very powerful web-server predictor has been established for predicting lysine crotonylation sites in histone proteins. See how the web-server is working. Keywords: Web-Server, iKcr-PseEns Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 85-95 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019122247 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2247 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2247 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012247.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:85-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kuo-Chen Chou Title: The pLoc_bal-mGneg Predictor is a Powerful Web-Server for Identifying the Subcellular Localization of Gram-Negative Bacterial Proteins based on their Sequences Information Alone Abstract: Recently a very powerful web-server has been developed for predicting the subcellular localization of Gram-negative bacterial proteins purely according to their sequences information for the multi-label systems, in which a same protein may appear or move between two or more location sites and hence its ID (identification) needs two or more labels for distinction, namely the “multi-label mark”. The web-server is called as “pLoc_bal-mGneg”, where “bal” means that the predictor has been treated by balancing or quasi-balancing out the training dataset [3-9], and “m” means that the predictor is with the capacity to study the multi-label systems. Keywords: pLoc_bal-mGneg, Web-Server Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-34 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019122248 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2248 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2248 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012248.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:27-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tianxiu Lin Title: Organ-on-a-Chip Models for Pancreatic Cancer Research Abstract: Pancreatic cancer is the one of lowest survival rate cancer among all kinds of cancer. This is because its early syndromes are very different from other fatal diseases. Although with the development of the detection and management, more than 96% of the patients cannot live more than 5 years after diagnosis. Survival rate is low for those with malignant disease in the pancreas, because surgical resection at present may cut off the only chance of the cure. Unfortunately, 80–85% of patients are present with advanced unresectable pathology. Furthermore, pancreatic cancer responds poorly to most chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, many scientists have devoted tons of efforts into the field of pancreatic cancer. With the development of biotechnology and medicine, a rising tech named Organ-on-a-chip shows astonishing capability of monitoring and modeling cancer. In the following passage, it provides an overview of the advanced technology in research on pancreatic cancer. Keywords: Pancreatic Cancer, Chemotherapeutic Agents, Organ-On-A-Chip Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-56 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V82019122253 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2253 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2253 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022253.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:49-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. E. Wyse Author-Name: O. K. Odeniyi Author-Name: P. O. Ali Title: Comparison of Biosurfactants Yield Produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain PC20 Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil using Different Agricultural Waste Abstract: Biosurfactants are amphipathic compounds produced extracellularly by microorganisms on cell surfaces, or excreted extracellularly. They contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that reduce surface and interfacial tension between molecules at the surface and interface respectively. The present study focused on isolation, screening, identification of biosurfactant producing bacteria and also development of economical methods for biosurfactant production by the use of unconventional substrates. The research investigated the potential of utilizing agro industrial (Pineapple and cassava) wastes to replace synthetic media for biosurfactant production. Eighteen isolates obtained were screened for biosurfactant activity using Emulsification Index, haemolysis and oil displacement method. The bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain PC20 isolated was able to grow and produce biosurfactant 10ml and 5ml per 200ml of cassava and pineapple peel respectively. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-40 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V82019122254 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2254 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2254 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012254.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:35-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nsonde Ntandou GF Author-Name: Kimpouni Victor Author-Name: Dianzitoukoulou Matsima Louis Donald Author-Name: Abena Ange Antoine Title: Evaluation of Antipyretic and Analgesic Effects of Alchornea cordifolia Schum. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) and Quassia Africana Baill (Simaroubaceae) Abstract: Alchornea cordifolia (Euphorbiaceae) is widely used in Africa for the treatment of malaria, fever, tooth decay, leprosy, amoebic dysentery, hemorrhoids, headaches, venereal diseases and inflammation. It is also used as emmenagogue and oxytocic. Quassia africana (Simaroubaceae) is also widely used in Africa for the treatment of malaria, gastritis, intestinal worms, rheumatism, bronchopneumonia, gonorrhea, headache, tooth decay and tonsillitis. The present study aims to highlight the analgesic and antipyretic effects of both plants. Fever was induced by oral administration of 20 ml / kg of 20% beer yeast in rats 24 hours before treatment. The rectal temperature was measured 1h, 2h and 3h after treatment. The pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 ml / 10 g of 0.6% acetic acid in rats 1 hour after oral treatment. The analgesic activity was assessed for 10 minutes by counting the number of cramps. The aqueous, ethanolic and dichloromethane extracts of the leaves and fruits of Alchornea cordifolia at 400 and 800 mg / kg per os showed a very significant antipyretic effect identical to paracetamol at 100 mg / kg per os. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits of Alchornea cordifolia as well as barks of Quassia africana at 400 and 800 mg / kg per os showed a very significant analgesic effect. These effects are related to the presence of alkaloids and terpenes for Alchornea cordifolia and Quassinoides for Quassia africana. Keywords: Alchornea Cordifolia, Quassia Africana, Extracts, Analgesic, Antipyretic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V92020012255 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2255 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2255 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012255.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanouna Abdoulkarimou Author-Name: Soumana Boubacar Author-Name: Idrissa Saidou Mahamadou Author-Name: Adam Toudou Author-Name: Moumouni Hassane Title: Analysis of the Health Expenditure's Weight in the Household Economy in Kourtheye (Niger) Abstract: Farm households in Niger face health expenses each year. This study on Analysis of the health expenditure’s weight in the household economy was conducted in the rural commune of Kourtheye, in the department of Tillaberi located in the Tillaberi region (NIGER). The adopted methodology is based on a documentary research and a collection of primary data at the level of the households in 6 villages. The extensive Household economic approach (HEA) methodological approach, combined with the amplitude class discretization method was used. A total of 125 farm households were surveyed. the study shown that the share of health spending by farm households increases from very poor households to wealthy households. In relative value among the very poor (VP), the share of health expenditure is 13.4% against 15.4% among the poor (P), 19.2% among the middle (M) and 21% among the wealthy (W). Thus, according to the World Health Organization, these households incur catastrophic expenses. The main pathologies in the area are chronic diseases, malaria, bilharzia and work accidents. Spending by households on self-medication is higher among VP (63%) and P (57%), and low among the middle (15%) and wealthy (19%). This is explained by the fact that the poor do not have enough financial resources to care for their sick in health centers, unlike the middle and wealthy farm households. Keywords: Household, Share of Expenditure, Health, Household Economy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-84 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V92020012256 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2256 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2256 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012256.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:76-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Koulagna Issa Honoré Author-Name: Tchuenteu Tatchum Lucien Author-Name: Kosma Philippe Author-Name: Abakar Abba Said Author-Name: Ismael Ramza Haman Author-Name: Megueni Clautilde Title: Morphological and Structural Diversity of Native Mycorrhizae Communities Associated with Gossypium hirsutum L. under Sudano-Sahelian Climate of North Cameroon Abstract: This study describes endomycorrhiza that enter into association with Gossypium hirsitum L. (cotton) grown in North Cameroon. During the study, twenty seven (27) soil samples were collected from three Divisions of the North Cameroon (Benoue, Mayo-Rey, Mayo-Louti). In each Division, nine (09) composite soils were sampled, thus 03 per locality (village), corresponding to sampling sites. Cotton seeds were grown in field for 04 months. Mycorrhizal parameters, spores density and specific richness were determined following to the appropriate methods. After spore extraction, species description and characterization were obtained through the informations provided by the International Vesicular Mycorrhizal fungi collection (INVAM): http://invam.caf.wv.edu/fungi/taxonomy/species ID.htm. Results indicate that mycorrhizal parameters varied depending on sampling sites significantly (p˂0.05). Mayo-Louti (286.22 ± 11.47 spores/100 g of soil) and Benoue (273.77 ± 83.28 spores/100 g of soil) had higher spores densities than Mayo-Rey (209.55 ± 40.01 spores/100 g of soil). The morphological and structural characterization enabled the description of five endomycorrhizal species, belonging to four genera: Glomus constrictum, Glomus manihotis, Acaulospora kentinensis, Entrophospora infrequens, Rhizophagus intraradices. . Glomus is the only genus found in all sampling sites. These findings open opportunities for domestication and application of endomycorrhiza for a sustainable field productivity of cotton in the North Cameroon. Keywords: North Cameroon, Gossypium Hirsitum, Mycorrhizal Parameters, Spores Density, Specific Richness Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 66-75 Volume: 9 Issue: 01 Year: 2020 Month: January Number: V92020012257 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2257 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2257 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020012257.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:1:p:66-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Weidong Gan Author-Name: Yanheng Zhong Author-Name: Bata Wang Author-Name: Lin Zhou Author-Name: Yongxin Lin Title: Advances in Surgical Management of Schatzker III Tibial Plateau Fractures Abstract: The tibial plateau Schatzker type Ⅲ fracture is a simple lateral collapse fracture, which is mainly seen in the low energy injuries of the knee joint in older patients with osteoporosis. The treatment options for this type of fracture are open reduction and internal fixation. Repairing the alignment of the collapsed joint surface and the tibial force line is the final goal of surgical treatment. Usually the choice of internal fixation is the combination of ship valve screw arrangement and support steel plate. Many authors recommend avoiding the use of simple hollow screws, especially in comminuted fractures with more severe joint defects, as this can easily lead to secondary collapse of the joint.(5)The traditional surgical method is an anterior-lateral approach with open reduction and internal fixation. Due to the long incision, large trauma, and poor medical compliance of the elderly, it is prone to complicated knee stiffness and traumatic arthritis. The surgical effect is not satisfactory. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012260 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2260 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2260 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022260.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Edith I. Ezekwe Author-Name: Azad R. Bhuiyan Title: Prevalence and Determinants of Hypertension among African American Adults in Southwest Mississippi Abstract: Hypertension remains a devastating disease with high prevalence within African Americans (AA) communities in the state of Mississippi. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of hypertension among AA adults using secondary data from churches, soup kitchens, and health fairs in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The study was cross-sectional with a sample of 497 (67.8% females, and 32.2% males) AA adults. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to characterize the sample population. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationships between hypertension and age, gender, income, education, fruits and vegetable consumption (FVC), physical activity (PA), and health insurance. Adults with hypertension among this group were 35.2%, 39.0% had Pre-hypertension while 24.5% had normotensive rate. Significant (P<.05) associations existed between exercise, availability of personal doctors, and gender with hypertension while age, education, income, health insurance, FVC, and awareness of hypertension were not significant (P>.05). Only 11.0% of the participants consumed the recommended amount of daily fruits and vegetables, while 55% did not exercise. This study showed that variables such as Exercise, Access to a Personal Doctor and Gender were all determinants for hypertension, also among this group, daily fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity were below recommended levels for adult population. Despite improved access to health insurance and increased awareness of hypertension, the prevalence of hypertension continues to be high in this community. Increased health screening, built environment, lifestyle modifications will positively impact hypertension, health disparities, and provide development of health policies to reduce prevalence of hypertension for adult Mississippians. Keywords: Hypertension, African American, Risk Factors, Chronic, Mississippi Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-13 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012264 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2264 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2264 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022264.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:4-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alui Konan Alphonse Author-Name: Diarrassouba Nafan Author-Name: Yao Saraka Didier Martial Title: Carbon Sequestration Potential of Shea Trees (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Parklands under Two Soil Types (Ferralsol and Cambisol) in Northern Côte d'Ivoire Abstract: This study was conducted to assess carbon sequestration potential of shea trees in four shea parks in Northern Côte d'Ivoire to fight against climate change. The methodology used consisted in the delimitation of 2 ha of plot in shea parkland located in Ferkéssédougou, Ouangolodougou, Boundiali and Tengrela. On each plot delimited within these parklands, forests inventories were carried out and stem diameter at 1.30 m aboveground (DBH ≥ 5 cm) of the shea trees were measured. The dendrometric data collected made it possible to elaborate the structure of the shea trees in parkland, to estimate the biomass and the stocks of sequestered carbon. The results showed that shea populations, irrespective of the study site, showed a "reversed J" diameter distribution with decreasing individuals. The spatial distribution of the population of shea trees in Boundiali and Ferkéssédougou parklands is regular while it is aggregative in Ouangolodougou and Tengrela parklands. The spatial distribution of shea trees depends on the type of soils. Of all the sites that are mostly bushy savannas, sequestered CO2 equivalents are high: 70.83 t.ha-1 at Boundiali, 49.47 t.ha-1 at Ferkéssédougou, 215 t.ha-1 at Ouangolodougou and 130 t.ha-1 at Tengrela. This study shows that agroforestry is to be promoted in Northern Côte d'Ivoire through the protection of shea tree parklands that limit greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, especially in Northern Côte d’Ivoire. This will certainly facilitate Côte d'Ivoire's access to the carbon market. Keywords: Shea Tree, Parklands, Soils, Carbon Stock, Northern Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-23 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012265 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2265 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2265 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022265.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:14-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rivera A. Author-Name: Rodriguez-Preval N. Author-Name: Giono-Cerezo S. Author-Name: Sanchez-Hernandez J. A. Title: Preservation Evaluation of Mycoplasma fermentans in Different Conditions Abstract: Different species of mycoplasmas are considered pathogenic in humans, in addition to being characterized by their difficult cultivation in the laboratory and demanding nutritional requirements, their preservation is complicated for future research based on clinical isolates. The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of Mycoplasma fermentans preserving it with different cryopreservatives and temperatures. The preservation evaluation of Mycoplasma fermentans was performed with SP4 broth supplemented with 40% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 40% gelatin (GEL) and 10% DMSO, 40% glycerol (GLI) and 10% DMSO, and supplement free SP4 broth as a control. 10 mL of each of the SP4 broths supplemented with 10 mL of Mycoplasma fermentans culture were mixed at a concentration of 1X106 CFU/mL, stored at -20oC and -80oC for twelve months. Every two months, it was thawed and its viability was evaluated on SP4 agar and quantification of the CFU/mL. Trials with fetal bovine serum, gelatin and glycerol at -20oC and -80oC showed efficiency in keeping Mycoplasma fermentans viable during the twelve months. Glycerol being the cryopreservative agent that favored the greatest viability, showing significant difference (P <0.05), with respect to the control group. Supplementation of SP4 broth with glycerol showed the best viability for Mycoplasma fermentans. Keywords: Preservation, Mycoplasma fermentans, Fetal Bovine Serum, Glycerol, Dimethylsulfoxide Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012267 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2267 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2267 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022267.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Title: Suaeda vermiculata Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel.: Structural Characteristics and Adaptations to Salinity and Drought: A Review Abstract: The aim of the present study is to review the structural characteristics possessed and the adaptations implemented by Suaeda vermiculata; a partially succulent habitat-indifferent desert halophyte, to cope with salinity and drought stresses and gaining insight into its tolerance mechanisms. These characteristics include succulence, leaf burns, leaf shedding, stunted growth habit, change in colour of the leaves, thick cuticular layers and sunken stomata. Deep rooting system and high root/shoot ratio are two more drought adaptations that may also be incorporated as tolerance mechanisms, but no previous studies were encountered for S. vermiculata. These adaptations allowed S. vermiculata to tolerate broad distribution in arid and semi-arid regions and variable habitats including salinity. The presence of small glossy seeds devoid of structures enhancing dispersal, limit its range of spatial dispersal and may be regarded as an inherent limit to tolerance mechanisms. Keywords: Succulence, Leaf Burns, Leaf Shedding, Stunted Growth, Sunken Stomata Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012268 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2268 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2268 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022268.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Panagiota Xanthopoulou Title: Theoretical Approach and Analysis of Stakeholders’ Impact on Quality Processes in Higher Education - The Case of Greek Universities Abstract: The issue of identifying and managing stakeholders has been largely explored by international literature and articles focusing on private sector organizations (Christopher et al., 2002; Rutterford et al., 2006), and the importance of this issue is also gradually increasing in public sector organizations (Maassen, 2000; Wit and Verhoeven, 2000; Peters, 1996; Kettle, 2002). However, less extensive research efforts have been observed in the application and analysis of stakeholder theory in public universities. Stakeholder recognition and management as well as the measurement and subsequent evaluation of their impact on quality service delivery are important in terms of effective management (Mitchell et al., 1997), strategic decision making and rational planning (Bryson, 2004), and by consistency in the application of the principles of Total Quality Management. Identifying and understanding the stakeholders related to an organization and the influence they have on the organization are crucial for managers and policy makers. The purpose of the present research is to explore the specific gap in the literature, that is, to understand the nature, needs and expectations of stakeholders, the satisfaction of which is a sufficient and necessary condition for the effective delivery of quality services at a University. In this context, the study focused on identifying stakeholders of a University as well as the degree of influence they have on providing quality educational services but also on the dropout rate of students, using case studies from two Greek Universities. Specifically, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences has been selected as a foundation based on traditional, life-long teaching, and the Hellenic Open University, focusing on its undergraduate and postgraduate programs. In this way, a comparison is made of the quality criteria as perceived by the stakeholders of the two Universities with a different approach and philosophy of providing educational services. Keywords: Higher Education, Stakeholders, Quality of Service, Quality in Education Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-45 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012269 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2269 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2269 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022269.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:34-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ernest G. Kamara Author-Name: Francis Duwaiman Author-Name: Stephen B. Mattia Author-Name: Fayia A Kassoh Author-Name: Abdul Rahman Conteh Title: Effect of Spacing Regimes on Growth and Carbon Storage of Tectona grandis, Gmelina arborea and Terminalia ivorensis in a Nine Year old Forest Plantation in the Transition Rainforest of Sierra Leone Abstract: The study was conducted to investigate the effect of spacing on growth and carbon storage of Tectona grandis, Terminalia ivorensis and Gmelina arborea in a nine year old Plantation Forest experimental plots at Njala University, Sierra Leone. The aim was to assess the effect of four different spacings (1.8m x 1.8m, 2.0m x 2.0m, 3.0m x 3.0m and 4.0m x4.0m) on tree growth and carbon storage in tree biomass of the three species. The species were planted in square plots consisting of four different spacings with a split plot design in three replications. Measurements of DBH, height, volume, biomass and carbon percentage of biomass were taken and the data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that spacing had significant effect on DBH, height, biomass, carbon percentage and volume. The 4.0m x 4.0m spacing had the highest DBH, biomass, carbon percentage of biomass and volume whilst the highest height was recorded at 2.0m x 2.0m. Gmelina arborea dominated among the three species selected followed by Tectona. Terminalia was poor in most parameters except for height and volume. Strong positive relationships were observed between tree DBH and biomass (r2 = 0.79) DBH and carbon percentage of biomass (r2 = 0.89) and DBH and volume (r2 = 0.95). The results indicate that 4m x 4m spacing and Gmelina arborea can be recommended for afforestation and reforestation programmes aimed at wood and timber production for fast growth and higher carbon sequestration. Keywords: Spacing, Growth, Diameter at Basal Height, Carbon Percentage, Biomass Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-12 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020012270 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2270 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2270 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021032270.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:5-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yanheng Zhong Author-Name: Weidong Gan Author-Name: Lin Zhou Author-Name: Zhizhong Li Title: Research Progress of Tissue Engineered Bone in Repairing Bone Defect Abstract: Bone transplantation has been used to repair bone defects for more than 300 years. Only in the United States, more than 1 million patients need bone grafting every year because of severe trauma, bone tumor, deformity and so on. Traditional bone graft materials include autogenous bone, allogeneic bone and artificial bone, but their wide application is limited because of various defects. With the development of biomedicine, tissue engineering and material science, the application of tissue engineered bone in the repair of bone defects has become a research hotspot. Keywords: Stissue Engineered Bone, Bone Defect, Repair, Progress Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-48 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012272 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2272 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2272 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022272.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:46-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Title: Skin Debris on the Hairs of Holy Maria-Magdalena: A SEM-EDX Analysis Abstract: We have found, by SEM observations and EDX-analyses, numerous skin debris kept on the surfaces of the hairs of Maria-Magdalena. Some of them are of very recent origin, but most are more ancient. A few of them, located near cut extremities of hairs, are those of the fingers that cut these hairs (that were initially longer). Some of these skin debris are dirty or/and salted. We observed also on some hairs quasi-intact dandruff piles. We have determined the soap (a “black soap”, potassium-rich) that washed the hairs. Finally we have found among hairs and studied in details two samples of epidermal micro-plaques, two pieces of skin shreds (one of them being conserved by salt), and one sample of scalp shred containing osseous material. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-79 Volume: 9 Issue: 02 Year: 2020 Month: February Number: V92020012273 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2273 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2273 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020022273.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:2:p:57-79 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: KOUAME Lou Brou Cécile Author-Name: AKA Natchia Author-Name: BOLOU Bi B. Emile Author-Name: GOULA Bi Tié Albert Author-Name: LIVET Alexandre Author-Name: Balland Bolou Bi C. Title: Determination of Source and Control Factors of Trace Metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb) Bioaccumulation in Tilapia Fish of the Ebrié Lagoon (Côte d’Ivoire) Abstract: Lagoon water as sources of trace metals contamination in Tilapia fish as well as the physico-chemical parameters controlling the bioaccumulation of trace metals were determined in the Ebrié lagoon. For this, trace metals contents (Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb) were measured in the water, sediments and flesh of the tilapia fish of the Ebrié lagoon. In addition, physico-chemical parameters (pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and redox potential) were determined in the lagoon waters during two hydrological seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The results obtained showed that the sediments of the Ebrié lagoon constituted a real trap for the studied trace metals (very high Rd). The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of all trace metals in lagoon water column were higher than those of the sediments, reflecting an intense bioaccumulation, from the water column (BAFwater> 1> BAFsed). However for Cd, the BAFwater and BAFsed values were less than 1. Zn was the most bioaccumulated metal in fish, while the lowest bioaccumulated Cd. The decrease in dissolved oxygen favored the increase of Cr contents in tilapias and the retention of Zn in sediments. The increase of the pH as well as the decrease of the redox potential had led to the decrease of the Ni contents in the Tilapias. Nevertheless, the fish flesh Tilapias of the lagoon Ebrié, was not toxic to consumers. Keywords: Metals, Tilapia sp., Bioaccumulation, Ebrié Lagoon, Abidjan Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-43 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020012276 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2276 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2276 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032276.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:27-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Myung-Gu Lee Author-Name: Byong-Hee Chun Author-Name: Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana Author-Name: Jae-Jung Park Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant Potential of Rice-Germ Rice Processed with Different Heat Treatments Abstract: Rice germ is a part of the rice kernel, and has been a matter of wide interest for food scientists and nutritionists because of its nutraceutical properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and sensory characteristics and antioxidant properties of rice containing rice germs that were exposed to different heat treatments for 20 or 30 min. The thermal treatments significantly influenced the moisture content, color, antioxidant potential, and sensory characteristics of the rice. The antioxidant potential measured through DPPH free radical scavenging potential and total polyphenol content of the autoclaved rice sample was significantly lower than the other samples. Also, acceptability of the autoclaved sample was decreased as compared to the other samples. This study showed that greater antioxidative potential with higher acceptability of rice-germ rice could be obtained by mixing rice and water (10°C) at a 60:90 ratio followed by heat treatment (100°C) for 30 min. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Heat Treatments, Quality Characteristics, Rice Germ Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020022280 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2280 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2280 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032280.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lennart Schaefer Author-Name: Wisut Chamsa-ard Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Author-Name: Chun Che Fung Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Title: Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Di-Calcium Phosphate Dehydrate Coatings on Magnesium Substrates for Potential Use in Orthopaedic Implants Abstract: Magnesium has attracted considerable medical interest due to its mechanical properties being similar to bone. In addition, magnesium is also biocompatible and biodegradable, which makes it an ideal candidate for biodegradable orthopaedic implants. However, magnesium’s high corrosion rate in body fluids makes it an unsuitable material for the manufacture of implants. The present study investigates a straightforward chemical immersion technique that deposits di-calcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD) coatings onto magnesium substrates to increase their corrosion resistance to body simulated fluids like phosphate buffer saline solution and Ringer’s solution. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the coating structures and morphologies were characterised by flower-like surface feature that were resistant to both body simulated fluids. Thus, indicating the coatings could significantly reduce magnesium corrosion rates in the body environment. Keywords: Magnesium, Biodegradation, Protective Coating, Orthopaedic Implants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-26 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020022281 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2281 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2281 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032281.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:22-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: A. K. Elsafori Title: A Quantitative Ecological Study on the Vegetation Cover of Burma Valley, Western Area, Saudi Arabia Abstract: A total number of 45 plant species belonging to 21 families and 38 genera were identified. The dominant plant species in the study area were: Dipterygiacum gluacum, Tephrosia purpurea, Zygophyllum simplex, Fagonia indica, Senna alexandrina ,Fagonia crista, Panicum turgidum , Rhaza stricta and Acacia ehrenbergiana. The density of the vegetation cover in the study area differs from site to another according to the topography and rain fall rates. The densities of Dipterygiacum gluacum ,Tephrosia purpurea ,Zygophyllum simplex and Fagonia indica were associated with high frequency and high abundance. The density of Stiparagrostis hirtiglum was associated with low frequency and high abundance. Whereas the density of Senna alexandrina was associated with high frequency and low abundance. This reveals that these species are evenly distributed in the area. The densities of Fagonia crista, Panicum turgidum , Rhaza stricta and Acacia ehrenbergiana were associated with low frequency and low abundance. This explains that these species are not regularly distributed. Statistical analysis showed a positive association between two of the following species: Dipterygiacum gluacum and Zygophyllum simplex, Dipterygiacum gluacum and Fagonia indica, Tephrosia purpurea and Zygophyllum simplex, Tephrosia purpurea and Acacia ehrenbergiana. Tephrosia purpurea and Panicum turgidum, Zygophyllum simplex and Fagonia indica, Zygophyllum simplex and Rhaza stricta, Panicum turgidum and Rhaza stricta, Acacia ehrenbergiana and Panicum turgidum. However, negative associations were observed between each of the following: Dipterygiacum gluacum and Senna alexandrina, Dipterygiacum gluacum and Zygophyllum simplex, Tephrosia purpurea and Rhaza stricta, Zygophyllum simplex and Panicum turgidum. Fagonia indica and Panicum turgidum. The dominant species were found across the study area. These species are more suitable for rehabilitation of the study area, due to their adaptability to the environmental conditions. The present study reported the felling of woody species, heavy grazing and browsing. Particularly around water points in the study area. There is need for reseeding of woody species. The management of these plant species should conform to the ecological factors prevailing in the study area. Keywords: Vegetation, Density, Association, Abundance, Frequency and Dominance, Burma Wadi K.S.A. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-30 Volume: 9 Issue: 09 Year: 2020 Month: September Number: V92020022285 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2285 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2285 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020092285.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:26-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Siyu Wang Author-Name: Xiuguo Zou Author-Name: Xinfa Qiu Title: Research on Atmospheric Visibility Grading based on Remote Sensing Data Abstract: Theoretical research on atmospheric radiative transfer shows that aerosol optical depth (AOD) is positively correlated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentration. Using satellite remote sensing data to retrieve the AOD, and monitor and analyze the atmospheric visibility and atmospheric pollution are gradually being widely applied. In this research, the data of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) is used for analysis. Firstly, geometric correction, data quality improvement, image stitching, vector cropping, and masking are performed to process the data. Then, the cloud detection tree algorithm is used to detect cloud, thereby eliminating the cloud interference. Finally, the classic dense dark vegetation (DDV) algorithm is used for the retrieval of AOD, and the distribution characteristics of the obtained AOD values are graded according to the retrieval results. This paper uses remote sensing data to grade the visibility of the atmosphere, which provides a reference for the prediction and assessment of the overall atmospheric environment. Keywords: Atmospheric Visibility Grading, Remote Sensing Data, MODIS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 44-48 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020022286 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2286 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2286 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032286.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:44-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Title: The Use of Indexes for Trending in Engineering Valuation Abstract: Three types of indexes are indicated in this write up namely cost, mathematical and catalog indexes. Cost indexes are used for trending in engineering valuation. A cost index is defined as a dimensionless number used to trend the cost of an item from one time period to another. It is also a ratio of the real price in a given time period against that of a selected base period multiplied by 100. Trending which is one of the methods used in engineering valuation is the application of an index factor to the historical cost of an item in order to estimate the current cost of the item and vice versa. This application is demonstrated in this article. Additional examples on trending are indicated in the supplementary exercises at the end of the article. Indexes are meant to serve as guide and should not be used if more reliable methods are available. Appraisers must therefore exercise caution and good judgment in their use. Keywords: Indexes, Trending, Engineering Valuation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 49-52 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020022289 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2289 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2289 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032289.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:49-52 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chidozie VN Author-Name: Adoga GI Title: Organic Compounds in the GCMS Analysis of Methanolic Leaf Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus Abstract: GCMS of n-butanolic leaf extract of anogeissus leiocarpus showed eleven peaks, indicating the presence of eleven compounds. Five of these compounds are fatty acids and their derivatives. Among these are palmitic acid, palmitic acid methyl ester, oleic acid, oleic acid methyl ester and stearic acid. Many fatty acids are known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties. Other compounds seen are phthalic acid and di-n-octyl phthalate. The GCMS result of anogeissus leiocarpus leaf extract validates the use in traditional medicine as antibacterial. Keywords: Anogeissus Leiocarpus Leaf, Traditional Medicine, Fatty Acids, Antibacterial, GCMS Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 53-59 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020022291 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2291 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2291 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032291.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:53-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fagbohoun Jean Bedel Author-Name: Yapi Jocelyn Constant Author-Name: Deffan Zranseu Bénédicte Title: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Thermal Inactivation of Cellulase from Salivary Glands of Macrotermes subhyalinus Little Soldier Abstract: For optimization of biochemical processes in food and pharmaceutical industries, the evaluation of enzyme inactivation kinetic models is necessary to allow their adequate use. kinetics and thermodynamic analysis of cellulase (GS-CX) from salivary glands of Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier were studied, using carboxymethylcellulose as a substrate. Optimal conditions for enzymatic studies were determined to be pH 5.0 and 60 °C. Thermal inactivation of GS-CX was examined in more detail between 50 and 65 °C and in relation to exposure time. The investigation suggests the existence of a non-sensitive heat fraction on the enzyme structure, which is relatively stable up to temperatures close to 55 ºC. Denaturation of this enzyme, measured by loss in activity, could be described as a first-order model, with k-values between 0.0052 and 0.0337 min-1. D- and k-values decreased and increased, respectively, with increasing temperature, indicating faster cellulase (GS-CX) inactivation at higher temperatures. Results suggested that GS-CX is a relatively thermostable enzyme with a Z-value of 18.08 °C and Ea of 115.81 kJmol-1. The results of the thermodynamic investigations indicated that the hydrolytic reactions were: (1) not spontaneous (∆G > 0) and (2) slightly endothermic (∆H > 0). Positive values of entropy (ΔS > 0) for GS-CX indicated that this enzyme is found in a chaotic state at the end of the reaction. The high value obtained for the variation in enthalpy indicated that a high amount of energy was required to initiate denaturation, probably due to the molecular conformation of this enzymes. Results shown that the enzyme is quite stable for biotechnological applications. Keywords: Carboxymethylcellulose, Kinetics And Thermodynamic Parameters, Macrotermes Subhyalinus, Thermal Stability, Salivary Glands, Cellulase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-20 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032294 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2294 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2294 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042294.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:13-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jonathan Musonda Title: Mapping the Influence of Project Management Attributes on Project Cost Abstract: This paper develops a framework to map the influence of project management (PM) attributes on project cost and then test these relationships between PM attributes and project cost on industrial construction projects. PM attributes are identified and classified into five areas: Human Resource Management (HRM), function of PM, partnering and supply chain, design efficiency, and quality. The framework is tested on survey data from construction companies and project management firms in China using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The results reveal that quality, function of PM, and HRM can have a significant positive impact on project cost. Quality is found to have the most direct and greatest impact on project cost efficiency among PM attributes. The goal of this statistical study is to demonstrate the paths and strengths of the effects of PM attributes on project cost. Keywords: Project Management Attributes, Project Cost, Influence Framework, Structural Equation Modeling Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-15 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020032296 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2296 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2296 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032296.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Janet Oluwakemi Oyeniyi Title: Analytical Study of Information Need and Seeking Behaviour of Agricultural Researchers in Nigeria Abstract: Information is an essential and integral part of all human endeavours. Research endeavour is primarily built on seeking information with which researchers arrive at findings and their conclusions. The output of any research is an outcome of the quality and quantity of information that researchers could obtain. In spite of the Nigerian government funding of agricultural research, the output from the effort has not been significant. Therefore the study investigated the information seeking behaviour of agricultural researchers in Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to (i) identify information providers used by agricultural researchers in seeking information (ii) investigate how often researchers access information sources (iii) ascertain the researchers opinions on purposes of visiting the library (iv) investigate most preferred source for up-to-date information by agricultural researchers and (v) determine the most preferred collection for accessing information.Questionnaire was used to collect information from a carefully selected 450 researchers from agricultural research institution that are under (ARCN). The finding of the study revealed that information providers used mainly by agricultural researchers are internet, colleague’s collections and the library while printed journals are frequently accessed information source. Majority visit the library just to access reference materials while the most preferred sources for up-to-date information is attending conferences, lectures and seminars. Therefore the study concluded that when seeking information, majority of agricultural researchers in Nigeria prefers internet to library collection which in most cases are obsolete, although the two are still the major information providers in many of the research institution. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-31 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020032301 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2301 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2301 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122301.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:25-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gunnar Glauco De Cunto Carelli Taets Author-Name: Caroline Mignha Aben-Athar Fernandes Author-Name: Lucas da Costa Torres Author-Name: Christian Marx Carelli Taets Title: Biological Effects of Music in Cancer Patients: Contributing to an Evidence-Based Practice Abstract: A systematic review was performed using the descriptors “music” and “cancer”. The data indicate that the use of music in the context of cancer patients can reduce anxiety, improve depression, reduce acute and / or chronic pain, improve cardiorespiratory parameters and reduce fatigue. Keywords: Music, Cancer, Biological Effects Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-27 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032302 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2302 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2302 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042302.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:21-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jianguo Liao Author-Name: Wenhai Pan Title: Recent Advances in Androgen-Receptor Splicing Variants Related to the Mechanism and Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Abstract: Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant solid tumors in men. In the United States in 2020, prostate cancer is predicted to cause 191930 new cases, accounting for 21% of the total number of new solid tumors in all men. [1] China and Asia faster-growing incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), [2] The death rate from prostate cancer in urban areas of mainland China increased by nearly 50% in 2009, compared with 2004. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-12 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032303 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2303 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2303 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042303.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:9-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Michael E. Barnes Author-Name: Nathan Huysman Author-Name: Sarah White Author-Name: Jeremy Kientz Author-Name: Jill M. Voorhees Title: Suture-less Implantation of Acoustic Transmitters in Two Salmonids Abstract: The surgical incision required to insert acoustic transmitters into fish peritoneal cavities is typically closed with sutures, staples, or cyanoacrylate adhesive. This study evaluated a novel tag insertion technique that did not use any method of wound closure. Twenty-six adult rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 26 adult brown trout (Salmo trutta) received a small, 6 mm abdominal incision. A dummy acoustic transmitter tag was inserted into half (N = 13) of the fish in each species. Neither group received any wound closure; no sutures, staples, nor adhesives were used. Tag retention, wound healing, and fish survival were monitored weekly for 13 weeks post-surgery. No fish died over the course of the trial. Tag retention was 100% and 85% in the tagged rainbow trout and brown trout, respectively. The wounds in the untagged rainbow trout were all completely healed by six weeks post-surgery, while wounds of the tagged rainbow trout were completely healed at nine weeks post-surgery. Similarly, wounds in the untagged and tagged brown trout groups were completely healed by the fifth and eighth weeks respectively. This study documents the effectiveness of using a small incision with no wound closure methods during insertion of acoustic tags into rainbow trout and brown trout peritoneal cavities. Keywords: Acoustic Transmitter, Surgery, Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Brown Trout, Salmo trutta Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 60-64 Volume: 9 Issue: 03 Year: 2020 Month: March Number: V92020032304 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2304 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2304 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020032304.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:3:p:60-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Peter A. Akah Author-Name: Thomas O. Zeigbo Author-Name: Martha N Oforkansi Author-Name: Collins A Onyeto Title: Effect of Kaolin Consumption on Serum Heavy Metal Levels of Pregnant Women Abstract: Geophagy is the consumption of earth materials across several cultures in many continents. For various reasons, consumption of kaolin is common among pregnant women in Nigeria. This earth material is known to contain heavy metals. This study was carried out to determine the effect of kaolin consumption on some heavy metal levels in pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a Teaching Hospital in the south east Nigeria. A total of eighty pregnant women recruited for this study were grouped as follows; Group 1, (30 geophagic pregnant women within the first trimester). Group 2 (30 geophagic pregnant women within the second trimester) and Group 3 (20 non-geophagic pregnant women that served as control) Subjects in Groups 1 and 2 were subdivided into three based on the quantity of kaolin consumed per week, Group A (100 g/week), group B (150 g/week) and group C (200 g/week). Preliminary analysis of the heavy metal contents of kaolin was carried out. After two weeks of kaolin consumption, the serum levels of lead, arsenic, cadmium and mercury of the subjects were determined. The mean concentrations of lead (0.347 ± 0.12), arsenic (0.354 ± 0.15), cadmium (0.209 ± 0.11) and mercury (0.029 ± 0.02) in the kaolin exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in food. The concentration of lead increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the first and second trimester pregnant women on 150 and 200 g of kaolin per week. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the concentration of arsenic and cadmium in the second trimester women who consumed 200 g of kaolin per week. These results indicate that unregulated consumption of kaolin in pregnancy increases the serum level of the heavy metals and may be a risk factor for lead toxicity with its attendant complications in the infants. Keywords: Geophargy, Kaolin, Pregnancy, Heavy Metals, Infants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-32 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032305 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2305 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2305 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042305.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:28-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sawatdikarn Sanit Title: In Vitro Effects of Some Ethanolic Crude Extracts of Medicinal Plants against Colletotrichum gloeospoioides, The Pathogen of Antharacnose Disease in Chilli Abstract: The anthracnose disease is one of the major economic diseases in chilli production of Thailand. The present study was aims to test and evaluate the fungicidal activity of the ethanolic crude extracts from thirty-four medicinal plants were tested against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (the pathogen of anthracnose disease in chilli of Thailand) by poisoned food technique at 0, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000, 8,000 and 10,000 ppm. The inhibition of mycelial growth was evaluated. From the testing, All the used of thirty-four crude extracts showed significant antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides. The result showed that the Curcuma aromatica, Zingiber zerumbet, Piper betle, Kaempferia galanga, Rosmarinus officinalis and Origanum vulgare crude extracts showed 100% inhibition of mycelial growth at all concentrations, whereas, the Wedelia trilobata and Polygonum odoratum crude extracts at 10,000 ppm gave the lowest inhibition of 70 and 82%, respectively. The study noted that the crude extracts namely C. aromatica, Z. zerumbet, P. betle, K. galanga, R. officinalis and O. vulgare showed the completely control of mycelial growth against C. gloeosporioides (the pathogen of anthracnose disease in chilli). These research pointed the oppurtunities for screening and application of some ethanolic crude extracts for a eco-friendly environmental management and exploited method as the biological control in chilli production. Keywords: Fungicidal Activity, Anthracnose Disease, Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides Medicinal Plants, Ethanolic Crude Extracts, Chilli Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-24 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020032310 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2310 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2310 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102310.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:17-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: D. W. Medugu Author-Name: A. S. Umar Author-Name: J. Waida Title: Evaluation of Wind Resource Potential in Mountainous Region: A Case Study of Mandara Mountains Abstract: This study analyzed the evaluation of wind resource potential available at Mubi and Gwoza North-eastern Nigeria; and Guider and Mokolo far North Cameroon stations, respectively selected in Mandara Mountains covering period of six years (2011 to 2016). At all stations the overall maximum mean annual wind speed of 2.82 m/s was found at Guider in 2015 and the minimum of 2.20 m/s at Gwoza in 2012. The occurrences of annual mean wind speed of 2.82m/s was observed in 2015 at Guider reflecting a higher Weibull shape of 10.44 and scale 2.96m/s parameter, respectively. They were respectively observed in 2012 in Gwaza as 2.20m/s, 6.34 and 2.36m/s, while others stations are moderate. The annual Wind Power Density (WPD) potential at all stations varies between 7.15 - 14.25 W/m2 while others are moderate. However, it was observed from this evaluation, that Mandara Mountain is a poor wind power potential site based on the International classification, with the highest value being Guider station. Therefore, the site is applicable for wind energy exploitation in small scale. Keywords: Wind Resource, Wind Speed, Weibull Shape, Power Density, Mandara Mountains Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-39 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032313 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2313 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2313 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042313.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:33-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Title: Roll of Temperature in Living Systems Analysed Using the Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: Temperature plays some significant role in biological processes. Electromagnetic energy could be related to temperature. Here, we have established the relationship between temperature role in living biological processes and Resonant Recognition Model, which proposes that proteins specific biological activity is based on electromagnetic resonant energy transfer. Keywords: Biological Temperature, Bioelectromagnetism, Resonant Recognition Model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 40-44 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020032316 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2316 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2316 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042316.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:40-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mengyuan Si Author-Name: Yuqin Wen Author-Name: Ruiqiang Song Title: Dosimetry Study of VAMT Planning Based onMonaco Treatment Planning System and Tomo Planning System Based on Helical Tomography in Volume-Modulated Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Cervical Cancer Abstract: To compare and analyze the effects of VAMT plan based on Monaco treatment plan system and Tomo treatment plan system based on spiral tomography system on cervical cancer dosimetry. [Methods] Ten patients with cervical cancer who received cervical cancer radiotherapy from September 2017 to May 2018 were selected, using the VAMT plan based on MonacoTPS and the Tomo plan based on TomoHTMV2.0.5 TPS. Target dosimetry index, endangered organ dosimetry index, machine jumps, and patient treatment time. [Result] The conformity index CI of the target area of the TOMO plan is (0.85±0.02) and the uniformity index HI is (0.07± 0.01), which are better than the CI (0.80±0.01) and HI (0.10±0.01) of the VAMTMonaco plan. The difference is highly statistically significant (p <0.001). The TOMO plan has significantly reduced the V30 and V40 of OAR, especially for the bladder. The MU (6698±473) and DT (473±33) required for the TOMO plan were significantly larger than the MU (1655±101) and DT (167±16) for the VAMTMonaco plan, and the differences were highly statistically different (p <0.001). [Conclusion] Compared with the VAMTMonaco plan, the TOMO plan has better conformity and uniformity of the target area, and the normal tissues around the target area receive lower doses, which is better for protecting organs at risk, especially for bladder protection. However, in OARV20 and V10, VAMTMonaco plan is better than TOMO plan, and MU and DT are smaller than TOMO plan, and the treatment rate is higher than TOMO plan. From a dosimetric point of view, using the TOMO plan under certain conditions is a better choice. Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Spiral Tomography,Volume Rotation Intensity Modulation,Dosimetry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-13 Volume: 9 Issue: 05 Year: 2020 Month: May Number: V92020042320 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2320 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2320 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020052320.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:5:p:9-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Elvira Tarsitano Title: Effects of Climate Changes on the Diffusion of Infectious and Parasitic Disease: Environmental and Socio-Economic Impacts Abstract: Scenarios on the impact of climate changes on health are evident: the era of disease caused by climate changes is arrived and the effects on health are very complex. Climate changes, environmental modifications in urban setting, the globalization, the intensification of trade exchanges and travels are contributing to modify the speed, beyond the dynamics, through which transmissible diseases may spread. The climate is changing now. The saying has to be: act now in order to prevent and to mitigate. The challenges that remain open therefore appear epochal and require deeper, faster and more ambitious responses and integrated solutions, to start the social and economic transformation necessary to achieve the 2030 Agenda Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Keywords: Climatic Changes, Biodiversity, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sustainable Development Goals Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 9 Issue: 04 Year: 2020 Month: April Number: V92020042322 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2322 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2322 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020042322.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:4:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Franck Zokou Oro Author-Name: Hermann-Désiré N'Guessan Maximilen Lallié Author-Name: Guy Kouassi Brou Author-Name: Alain Deron Koffi Author-Name: Laurence Blondin Author-Name: Claire Neema Author-Name: Christian Cilas Author-Name: Hortense Atta Diallo Title: Evaluation of the Epidemiological Factors Responsible for the Appearance of Phytophthora Palmivora and Phytophthora Megakarya, Causal Agent of Black Pods Disease in the Department of Méagui, Southwestern Côte D'ivoire Abstract: The cocoa black pod disease is caused by a fungus Phytophthora sp, which comprises two main species (Phytophthora palmivora and Phytophthora megakarya) commonly found in Ivorian cocoa plots and which cause significant damage. Despite numerous studies, this disease continues to spread and even more so Phytophthora megakarya, which did not exist in Côte d'Ivoire, is beginning to spread significantly. This study focused on the evaluation of the epidemiological factors responsible for the progression of Phytophthora megakarya and Phytophthora palmivora in the Department of Méagui, southwestern Cote d'Ivoire. To this end, a prospective survey was conducted in three cocoa plots in Méagui, which collected epidemiological data on "Foliar coverage rate", "Maintenance level" and the prevalence of black pod. Molecular data on black pod disease isolates were extracted from immature pods with black pods symptoms. A descriptive analysis was first applied to the data to understand their dispersion, followed by a comparative analysis (student's t-test) to evaluate the relationship between epidemiological parameters and disease prevalence. Finally, a molecular analysis in the laboratory made it possible to characterize the different species of Phytophthora sp. The results of the molecular analysis showed the presence of Phytophthora megakarya at 79% against 21% for Phytophthora palmivora. The results of the student t-test showed that this prevalence of black pod is related to the lack of plot maintenance (P=0.036˂0.05) and high leaf coverage of cocoa trees (P=0.003˂0.05). However, distribution maps of the different species show that Phytophthora megakarya is the most dominant species on the Méagui site. Keywords: Cocoa, Maintenance Level, Foliar Coverage, Phytophthora sp. Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 9 Issue: 05 Year: 2020 Month: May Number: V92020042323 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2323 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2323 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020052323.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:5:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuqin Wen Author-Name: Ruiqiang Song Author-Name: Mengyuan Si Title: Monte-Carlo Simulation to Compare the Absorption Capacity of Different Substances for X-ray Abstract: A shield that effectively absorbs X-rays is used to avoid injuries caused by X-rays. The shielding principle of the shielding material against radiation is based on the absorption of ionizing radiation by the contained absorbing substance. The different absorption capacity of different substances for ionizing radiation mainly depends on the atomic number of the absorbing substance. The larger the atomic number of the substance, the better its ability to absorb radiation, so Pb is often used as a shielding protection material. In this paper, the MCNP5 Monte-Carlo is used to simulate the interaction between X-rays and different substances, and the shielding performance of different substances and the relationship between X-ray energy and the absorption capacity of the substance are compared. Keywords: MCNP5X-,ray, Shielding Material Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-16 Volume: 9 Issue: 05 Year: 2020 Month: May Number: V92020042329 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2329 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2329 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020052329.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:5:p:14-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Title: A Study on the Winged Accrescent Sepals of the Chenopodiaceae Abstract: The aim of the present study is to examine winged accrescent sepals in the Chenopodiaceae and determine diagnostic characteristics that lead to their discrimination and possibly of taxonomic significance. Nine species belonging to six genera of the family Chenopodiaceae (Subfamily Salsoloideae, Tribe Salsoleae) were dissected, examined, photographed and line illustrated. Seven qualitative and two quantitative characters were investigated. These characters include orientation, symmetry, position with respect to sepals, shape, plane, colour, indumentums, length and width of wings. The present study showed that these wings share several common features, but the diagnostically distinct characteristics of Anabasis setifera, Salsola cyclophylla and S. imbricata were noticed. These distinct wing features were supported by molecular data which suggested their transfer to different genera. These wing characteristics provided further insights into their possible use to reassess the taxonomy of the Chenopodiaceae. Keywords: Anabasis setifera, Salsola cyclophylla, S. imbricata, Caroxylon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-8 Volume: 9 Issue: 06 Year: 2020 Month: June Number: V92020042331 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2331 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2331 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020062331.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:6:p:5-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tiangu Yang Author-Name: Yanhua Wang Author-Name: Xiaowei Sun Author-Name: Rui Xu Author-Name: Hui Zhao Title: PTBD in the Treatment of Biliary Stricture after Liver Transplantation Abstract: The purpose is to evaluate effectivity and influence on hepatic function indexes of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) in the treatment of biliary stricture after liver transplantation. Twenty-six patients with biliary stricture after liver transplantation were selected as the subjects. Hepatic function indexes such as albumin, direct bilirubin, glutamate transaminase, andγ-glutamyl transpeptidase(y-GT) were compared before and after the PTBD. There was significant difference between pre-procedure and post-procedure albumin value (P < 0.05). Most of patients (21/26) showed improvement of direct bilirubin, glutamate transaminase, and y-GT, and relief of obstructive jaundice symptoms. PTBD shows good effectivity of relieving obstructive jaundice symptoms and reducing hepatic function indexes in patients with biliary stricture after liver transplantation. However, the decrease of albumin should also be concerned. Keywords: PTBD, Biliary Stricture, Biliary Complications, Liver Transplantation, Hepatic Function Indexes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-21 Volume: 9 Issue: 05 Year: 2020 Month: May Number: V92020042332 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2332 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2332 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020052332.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:5:p:17-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hong Ahn Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Influence of Ulmi (Ulmus macrocarpa Hance) Cortex on Quality Characteristics and Antioxidant activity of Korean Traditional Wine, Takju Abstract: Ulmi (Ulmus macrocarpa Hance) is an oriental medicinal plant that shows huge potential against several metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of addition of ulmi root cortex extracts on the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Korean traditional wine (takju). Four takju samples containing different proportions of the extracts were prepared; namely UCT-0: takju prepared by adding 0% ulmi cortex extracts, UCT-1: takju prepared by adding 1% ulmi cortex extracts, UCT-5: takju prepared by adding 5% ulmi cortex extracts, and UCT-10: takju prepared by adding 10% ulmi cortex extracts. Alcohol contents (6.01‒6.11%) and pH levels (4.01‒4.11) of all four types of takju were not significantly different. The titratable acidity value was the lowest in UCT-0 (0.19 g/100 ml) among the four samples. The soluble solid content was the highest in UCT-10 (4.1 °Brix). The lightness (L*) values were in the order of UCT-0 (55.66) > UCT-1 (50.22) > UCT-5 (47.12) > UCT-10 (40.00). The more the amount of ulmi cortex extracts added, the more the redness (a*) values of the takju observed. The higher scores for overall taste were found for UCT-5 sample as compared to the other samples. The range of the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging potential in all samples ranged from 39.83% (UCT-0) to 45.91% (UCT-5). Total polyphenol content was in order of UCT-5 (373.44 μg/ml) > UCT-5 (362.11 μg/ml) > UCT-1 (340.44 μg/ml) > UCT-0 (344.22 μg/ml). The results indicated that addition of 5% root cortex extract of ulmi could be used to produce antioxidant-rich takju with highest overall acceptance. Keywords: Ulmi Cortex Extract, Quality Characteristics, Antioxidant Activity, Korean Traditional Wine, takju Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-12 Volume: 9 Issue: 06 Year: 2020 Month: June Number: V92020042333 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2333 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2333 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020062333.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:6:p:9-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup of the Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793) Abstract: We have studied by SEM-EDX some hairs from a lock of hair of the Queen Marie-Antoinette kept in a medallion. These hairs are thin and of ash blond colour. The mtDNA haplogroup of these hairs is a rare sub-clade of H, characterized by mutations 152C, 194T, 263G, and 315.1 C in the HVR2 region of the mtDNA sequence. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, Haplogroup, Queen Marie-Antoinette Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-18 Volume: 9 Issue: 06 Year: 2020 Month: June Number: V92020052335 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2335 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2335 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020062335.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:6:p:13-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shuya Zhou Title: The X-ray Diagnosis and Signs Analysis of Occult Elbow Fractures in Children Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the X-ray diagnosis and signs analysis of children with occult elbow fractures, so as to make a basis for clinical judgment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 60 patients with elbow injury admitted to Qingdao affiliated hospital from June 2017 to November 2018, and no fractures were found in any of the 60 patients during the first X-ray examination. According to the bone conditions, the patients were divided into study group with occult elbow fractures and control group without it, with 30 cases in each group. Results: The author found that the rates of cortical humeral collicular protuberance, cortical depression, positive rate of fat pad, positive rate of humerus front, and trabecular disruption in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For children with occult elbow fractures, X-ray diagnosis can effectively determine obvious symptoms, which is conductive to clinical judgment and detection, and thus is worthy of clinical promotion and application. Keywords: Children Occult Elbow Fractures, Cortical Bone Bulges, Cortical Depression Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-20 Volume: 9 Issue: 06 Year: 2020 Month: June Number: V92020052342 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2342 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2342 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020062342.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:6:p:19-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcus Vinicius Dantas de Campos Martins Title: Re-Opening Small Medical Services Safely Abstract: There are more than five million confirmed cases and more than three hundred thousand deaths of COVID-19 in the world. Most governments adopted strategies such as social isolation and lock-down to prevent an uncontrolled spread of the disease. In this scenario, most elective medical procedures have been postponed. As the peak in the number of cases falls behind, we need to work on a staged exit strategy to carrying out non-urgent procedures. This paper´s main goal is to make recommendations for reopening medical offices and for the reintroduction of elective procedures. Keywords: COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Elective Surgeries Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-15 Volume: 9 Issue: 07 Year: 2020 Month: July Number: V92020052344 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2344 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2344 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020072344.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:14-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Souare Konsala Author-Name: Baye-Niwah Claudette Author-Name: Hamawa Yougouda Author-Name: Tezore Bakary Prudence Title: Local Uses and Parasitism of Loranthaceae in Sudano-Sahelian Zone of Cameroon: Case of Diamare Plain in Far North Region Abstract: The Loranthaceae, commonly referred to "mistletoe from Africa” are used by communities of Cameroon for their numerous therapeutic virtues. The study examined the local various uses of Loranthaceae species in Diamare plain of Cameroon. Participatory rural appraisal method was used with 130 persons, namely traditional healers, breeders, farmers and foresters in order to identify the local uses of Loranthaceae species. We used itinerary botanical survey method in thirty-two (32) villages for the inventory of Loranthaceae species. In each village, two (02) itineraries (1000 m x 20 m) were realized on account of one itinerary in an agrosystem and one itinerary in a natural site. Results revealed five categories of uses of Loranthaceae: human traditional pharmacopoeia, fodder, magical use, ritual use and veterinary medicine. Knowledge of Loranthaceae uses was broadly influenced by age of respondents, traditional healers and people over 41 years old were the major libraries of knowledge on Loranthaceae. Human traditional pharmacopoeia (96.92%) and magical use (82.30%) were the most important categories of uses. Nine Loranthaceae species were inventoried in natural and agrosystem sites, namely Agelanthus dodoneifolius (DC.) Polh. & Wiens, Tapinanthus globiferus (A. Rich.) Tiegh., T. oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.), T. ophiodes (Sprague) Danser and T. voltensis Van Tiegh. ex Balle, Phragmanthera sp., Tapinanthus sp1., Tapinanthus sp2. and Tapinanthus sp3. . The most parasitized species with high rate of parasitism and vulnerability were Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (58.33%; 6.98%), Acacia albida Del. (45.03%; 13.97%), Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (39.05%; 18.03%), Psidium guajava L. (29.62%; 5.10%) and Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. (26.31%; 6.36%). Rate of parasitism and rate of vulnerability were positively but weakly correlated (Kendall, r = 0.09). Keywords: Loranthaceae, Parasitism, Host, Natural Site, Agrosystem Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 9 Issue: 08 Year: 2020 Month: August Number: V92020062350 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2350 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2350 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020082350.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pélagie Djenatou Author-Name: Jules Patrick Ngoh Dooh Author-Name: Kosma Philippe Author-Name: Eddy Léonard Ngonkeu Mangaptche Title: Evaluation of the Inoculation Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Growth of Cocoa Seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Nursery Abstract: Cocoa farmers face many problems related to the acquisition of quality planting material for their farms to guarantee a good annual yield of cocoa beans. This is justified by the multiple constraints to which the cocoa tree is subjected to from the nursery. Faced with this, research is based on the diversification of production systems to reverse this trend. One of the promising methods is the promotion of the use of mycelial microorganisms such as Mycorrhizae to obtain vigorous plants resistant to various pathogens in the nursery. To achieve these objectives, the microbiological characterization of the different substrates used by nurserymen and the impact of fertilizers on the development parameters of young cocoa plants of the Tafo 79/501 variety were evaluated in the nursery. The results obtained indicate that the substrates used by nurserymen contain the AMF spores. However, the germination of these spores and the survival of mycorrhizal structures are compromised by the regular use of pesticides. Also, the height of the stem, the diameter at the collar of the stem, the fresh and dry biomass, the chlorophyll rate as well as the rate of root colonization of AMF are higher in cocoa plants whose substrate has been inoculated with AMF compared to other pots. Overall, biofertilizers are conducive to the harmonious development of cocoa seedlings in the nursery, which guarantees good productivity. Keywords: Cocoa, Improvement, Nursery, Productivity, Biofertilizer, AMF, Tafo 79/501 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-13 Volume: 9 Issue: 07 Year: 2020 Month: July Number: V92020062352 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2352 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2352 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020072352.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:6-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jingfu Zhao Title: Effects of CB2 Receptor Agonist JWH133 on Aβ42-Induced Hippocampal Neurons Abstract: Objective To observe the effects of Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) on Aβ-induced hippocampal neuron. Methods Hippocampal neurons were pre-treated with 10 μM JWH133 and then treated 100 nM Aβ42 oligomer for 7 day, the mRNA of Bcl-2 and Bax was measured by qRT-PCR, and the mitochondrial membrane potential and the production of ROS were measured by Flow Cytometry. Result Aβ42 oligomer significantly decreased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased the production of ROS. However, the pre-treatment JWH133 inhibited Aβ42-induced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax decrease, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased the production of ROS. Conclusion Activation of CB2R could inhibit the effects of Aβ42 on hippocampal neurons. Keywords: Primary Hippocampal Neuron, Amyloid Β-Protein, Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor, JWH133 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 9 Issue: 06 Year: 2020 Month: June Number: V92020062353 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2353 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2353 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020062353.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:6:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Niaba Koffi Pierre Valery Author-Name: COMBO Agnan Marie-Michel Author-Name: Deffan Zranseu Bénédicte Author-Name: Marina C. Kouakou Author-Name: Gildas K. Gbassi Author-Name: Germain A. Brou Title: Nutritional Composition and Functional Properties of a Fortified Ivorian Local Food 'BASSI' of Maize Abstract: Six (6) formulations of BASSI based on a mixture of maize and soybeans have been developed. Soy flour was incorporated in amounts of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. The results showed that the nutritional value significantly increases with the incorporated soy rate, except the carbohydrate content which decreases. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and emulsifying activity also increased. As for the emulsion stability and the bulk density, the values decrease. The incorporation of soy improves the nutritional and functional properties of BASSI. Keywords: BASSI, Cereal-Based Food, Chemical Composition, Functional Properties Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 9 Issue: 07 Year: 2020 Month: July Number: V92020062358 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2358 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2358 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020072358.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tengteng Guan Author-Name: Tengteng Guan Author-Name: Hongmin Xu Author-Name: Yi Ma Author-Name: Yinjie Li Title: Cloning and Characterization of Undaria pinnatifida Suringar Phytoene Desaturase Gene Enhancing Carotenoid Accumulation in Transgenic Tobacco Abstract: The phytoene desaturase is a key enzyme involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, which catalyzes the conversion of ζ-carotene from phytoene. In this study, he PDS gene (UpPDS) was isolated and characterized from Undaria pinnatifida Suringar, the full-length cDNA sequence was 1707 bp in length and encoded 568 amino acid residues. Then, the plant expression vector pCAMBIA2300-UpPDS was constructed and transformed into Agrobacterium LBA4404, and then transferred into tobacco plants by infection. Transgenic tobacco plants were identified by PCR amplification and southern blotting. Assay of real-time quantitative PCR ananlysis indicated that the expression level of the target gene UpPDS differed greatly in different transgenic tobacco plants. Spectrophotometry was used to determine the carotenoids content in the leaves trangenic plants, and the results showed that the content of carotenoids in the leaves of transgenic plants was higher than that of wild tobacco, and the maximum content increased 1.13 times compared with that of wild plants. Keywords: Undaria pinnatifida Suringar, Phytoene Desaturase (PDS), Gene Cloning, Functional Expression, Transgentic Tabacoo Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 9 Issue: 07 Year: 2020 Month: July Number: V92020072359 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2359 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2359 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020072359.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaolong Zheng Author-Name: Jinkai Che Author-Name: Ren Chen Title: BLE Bluetooth Communication Practice under Android Platform Abstract: Bluetooth technology is a solution for wireless transmission of consumer electronics products, especially low-power Bluetooth technology is more and more widely used in recent years due to its ultra-low operating power consumption and standby power consumption. This article details the communication process of Bluetooth Low Energy version 4.2 based on the Android platform application. Keywords: Bluetooth low energy, Android platform, Bluetooth 4.2 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-23 Volume: 9 Issue: 07 Year: 2020 Month: July Number: V92020072360 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2360 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2360 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020072360.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:7:p:22-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaoyan Gao Author-Name: Guangyi Chen Author-Name: Haoxuan Li Title: Design of Signal Acquisition and Processing System for Temperature Sensor Experiment Instrument Abstract: Temperature is one of the most basic and important parameters in industrial and agricultural production, scientific research and daily life. Therefore, how to realize accurate, rapid and even extreme temperature measurement is one of the important issues facing the society today. The temperature sensor experimental instrument in this project can realize the temperature detection of the current environment, and can realize the detection in different occasions and environments through the setting of upper and lower limits, and upload the measured data to the upper computer for display and storage. The purpose of this project is to design a temperature sensor experimental instrument. The experimental instrument is based on the STM32 single-chip microcomputer as the core, and uses the four-wire thermistor sensor to collect the current temperature value. Through the STM32 single-chip microcomputer, the analog value is converted into digital value, and the collected temperature is displayed on the digital tube. At the same time, the experimental instrument converts the temperature signal into thermoelectric emf signal through the k-type thermocouple, and converts the analog signal into digital signal output through the MAX6675 module. Finally, the data converted by MAX6675 is read through the SPI serial port. The operation results show that the temperature sensor can measure the temperature of the current environment, and the design scheme is reasonable and basically meets the design requirements. Keywords: STM32F103, Thermistor, Thermocouple, MAX6675 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-13 Volume: 9 Issue: 08 Year: 2020 Month: August Number: V92020072361 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2361 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2361 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020082361.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:9-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Title: An Annotated Checklist to the Chenopod Flora of Sudan Abstract: The aims of the present study are to provide biodiversity assessment and to contribute to the updating the flora of Sudan. A total of (28) species belonging to (15) genera were compiled to comprise members of the family Chenopodiaceae in the Sudan, with the addition of (12) new records. Range extension of (6) species and habitat-specific trends of (10) species were recorded. These species were compiled as a result of comprehensive literature review, herbarium collections and long-term field surveys. Anabasis ehrenbergii, Kochia cana, Sevada schimperi were previously recorded in the main Flora but were no longer reported by subsequent floristic studies (specially along the Red Sea Coastal region), and may be regarded as extinct or vanished. The disappearance of these species was attributed to destruction of natural habitats and climatic changes, suggesting the need for conservation efforts. Keywords: New Records, Range Extension, Habitat-Specific, Extinction, Kochia cana Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-18 Volume: 9 Issue: 08 Year: 2020 Month: August Number: V92020072364 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2364 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2364 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020082364.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:14-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gang Luo Author-Name: Weipeng Rong Author-Name: Lixia Li Title: Manual Joints Staggered Joints Therapy for Acute Chest Pain: A Case Report Abstract: Background: Chest pain is a common clinical condition and the reasons for it are complex. Case Report: One categorization system describes nine types, one of which includes bone diseases such as pathological changes in the cervical vertebrae or thoracic vertebrae. Herein we describe the case of a 45-year-old woman with chest pain that was successfully cured after three joints staggered joints therapy. Keywords: Chest Pain, Joints Staggered Joints, Manual Therapy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-20 Volume: 9 Issue: 08 Year: 2020 Month: August Number: V92020082366 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2366 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2366 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020082366.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:19-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yucheng Zhou Author-Name: Juan Wang Title: Research on Financial Exclusion in Ethnic Areas Abstract: This article mainly studies the national minority areas. First, it systematically sorts out the financial exclusion theory and the financial development literature of the minority areas, and combines the economic and financial data at the provincial and county levels to empirically analyze the financial exclusion in the minority areas. The status quo, the influencing factors and the consequences of this, and some suggestions for managing financial exclusion in ethnic areas. Keywords: Ethnic Regions, Financial Exclusion, Regression Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-28 Volume: 9 Issue: 08 Year: 2020 Month: August Number: V92020082368 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2368 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2368 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020082368.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:8:p:21-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ngoran Beranger Author-Name: Kouassi Akossoua Faustine Author-Name: Gogbeu Seu Jonathan Author-Name: Ochou Germaine Elisabeth Cynthia Author-Name: Kouassi Rene ALLOU Author-Name: Ake Severin Title: In vivo Expression and Evolution of Phytophthora katsurae (Pythiaceae) Symptoms on two Coconut Varieties EGD and PB 121+ after Treatment with Phosphorous Acid in Southern Côte d’Ivoire Abstract: This study was initiated to optimize chemical control against Phytophthora katsurae on coconut trees with different concentrations of the fungicide phosphorous acid. In vivo, different concentrations of phosphorous acid [2.8 g (TA), 5.6 g (TB), and 11.2 g (TC) of active ingredient (a.i.)] dissolved in water, were injected into the stipes of the coconut varieties Equatorial Green Dwarf (EGD) and the hybrid PB 121+ cultivars in comparison with the same untreated cultivars. Soft and brutal inoculation, a strain of Phytophthora katsurae from naturally infected nuts was used to follow its behavior on the nuts of these cultivars treated with phosphorous acid or not. As a result, external and internal symptoms on nuts evolved according to the concentrations of acid received. 11.2 g (TC) of a.i of phosphorous acid provided protection beyond 12 months with good inhibition of pathogen growth, as opposed to 2.8 g (TA) and 5.6 g (TB) of a.i. fluctuated between 3 and 9 months depending on the varieties. This study showed a persistence of phosphorous acid in coconut tissues at high concentration in the control of Phytophthora katsurae. Keywords: Coconut trees, Chemical control, Phytophthora katsurae, Phosphorous acid, Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-44 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020082371 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2371 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2371 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102371.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:31-44 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sibusisiwe Magama Author-Name: Asita Okorie Asita Author-Name: Teboho Derrick Skundla Title: Evaluation of Aster bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A. Sm. Crude Root Extract for Acute Antiinflammatory Activity in Rats Abstract: The crude extract of Aster bakerianus roots used for treatment of a variety of ailments in Lesotho was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and phytochemical content. Extract was first tested for toxicity at oral dosages of 0 (negative control), 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000 mg/kg bw with five groups of female mice, each group having four mice. Negative control group received sterile distilled water (1.0 ml/kg bw). Mice were observed for general symptoms of toxicity for 24 hours and left for a further 14 days for any delayed toxicity. None of the extract doses induced toxicity. Anti-inflammatory activity of A. bakerianus was determined using the carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema assay. Five groups of six mice each were orally pre-treated as follows: Negative control group (group 1) received sterile distilled water (1.0 ml/kg bw). Positive control group (group 2) received indomethacin (10mg/kg bw). Three test groups (group 3, 4 and 5) received A. bakerianus extract, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. After one hour of pre-treatment, all test groups and controls were injected with 0.1 ml carrageenan subcutaneously in the right hind paw and paw thicknesses recorded at the following time intervals: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 24 hours. Statistically (p<0.05) there was no difference observed in the antiinflammatory activity profile of A. bakerianus and that of the drug indomethacin at the different time intervals of the study, implying same efficacy. The anti-inflammatory activity of extract was attributed to presence of terpenoids, saponins, sterols, simple phenols, coumarins, polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, phlobatannins, anthocyanins, alkaloids, glycosides and amino acids. The results of this study justified the documented use of this plant by Basotho for treatment of inflammatory disorders. Keywords: Eicosanoids, Cyclooxygenase, Phytochemicals, Indomethacin, Rat Paw Diameter Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-15 Volume: 9 Issue: 09 Year: 2020 Month: September Number: V92020082377 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2377 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2377 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020092377.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aijaz Zeeshan Khan Chachar Author-Name: Khurshid Ahmad Khan Author-Name: Mohsin Asif Author-Name: Khushbakht Tanveer Author-Name: Arous Khaqan Author-Name: Rabia Basri Title: Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients Abstract: Background:The first case of Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were diagnosed in Wuhan, China in 2019. In the first half of 2020 this disease has already converted into a global pandemic. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of Ivermectin in mild cases of COVID-19 patients on the basis of predefined assessment criteria. Study Settings: Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore Study Design: Open label randomized control trial. Duration of Study: From 1st May, 2020 to 30th June, 2020.Patients & Methods: Sample size and technique: Sample size was 50 patients; 25 patients were kept in control group and 25 patients were kept in experimental group. Results: There were total 50 patients, divided into two groups case and control group.The mean age of the participants was 40.60 ± 17 and out of those 31 (62%) were male and 19 (38%) were females. Cough was observed more in case group (p= 0.049). Fever, myalgias and dyspnea were the commonest symptoms in both the groups (p= 1.000). Diarrhea and vomiting were more common in control group (p=0.0001, p= 0.042 respectively). On follow up at day 7, patients were stratified as asymptomatic and symptomatic. Amongst the case group, out of 25 patients, 16(64%) patients were asymptomatic and rest of the 9(36%) patients was asymptomatic. In control group, out of 25 patients, 15(60%) patients were asymptomatic and rest of the 10(40%) patients was asymptomatic. p-value (0.500). Statistically there was no significant difference between case group who were given ivermectin along with symptomatic treatment and control group who were only given symptomatic treatment without ivermectin, being asymptomatic on day 7 at follow up. p-value (0.500) Keywords: Corona Virus, Covid-19, SARS-COv-2, Antiviral, Ivermectin, Pandemic Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-35 Volume: 9 Issue: 09 Year: 2020 Month: September Number: V92020092378 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2378 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2378 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020092378.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:31-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: K. Ramkumar Author-Name: A. Anton Smith Author-Name: B.A. Vishwanath Author-Name: Venkatesan Natarajan Title: In-vitro Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of the Medicinal Plants Desmodium triflorum, Allmonia nodiflora and Digeria muricata Abstract: Objective: In the present study the ethanolic extracts of Desmodium triflorum (ETDT), Allmonia nodiflora (ETAN) and Digeria muricata (ETDM) were studied for Aldose reductase, alpha (α)- amylase and alpha (α)-glucosidase inhibition using an in-vitro antidiabetic model. Methods: The serial extraction was carried out with a series of solvents: Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol with increasing polarity using Soxhlet apparatus. The concentrated and dried extracts were subjected to the antidiabetic activity was assessed by employing standard in-vitro techniques. Result: The result showed ethanolic extract exhibited significant aldose reductase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with an all plant extracts respectively and well compared with standard acarbose drug. This knowledge will be useful in finding more potent antidiabetic principle from the natural resources for the clinical development of antidiabetic therapeutics. Conclusion: The investigation confirms that ethanolic extract exhibited highest antidiabetic activity among all extracts, Additional studies on needed for purification, characterization and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from ethanolic extract & also confirm its antidiabetic property by in vivo studies. This study provides scientific evidence that leaves of Desmodium triflorum, Allmonia nodiflora and Digeria muricata have anti-diabetic efficacy. Thus, considering its relative hypoglycemic potency, they may serve as useful therapeutic agents for treating diabetes. Keywords: In-vitro Antidiabetic, Aldose Reductase, α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-16 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020092384 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2384 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2384 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102384.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:12-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yan Zhang Author-Name: Zhenguang Wang Author-Name: Zhaolong Zhang Author-Name: Sun Chengjian Author-Name: Rui Xu Title: Kissing Balloon Angioplasty for Subclavian Artery Combined with Vertebral Artery Origin Stenosis Abstract: Keywords: Kissing Balloon, Ubclavian Artery, Vertebral Artery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-11 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020092387 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2387 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2387 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102387.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:10-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nwatarali N. Alex Title: Quality Assessment of Water of Ajali Sandstone Aquifer Systems for Possible Industrial Establishments Abstract: Physico-chemical analyses of water samples from Ajali Sandstone aquifer units were carried out in order to assess the suitability of the water for various industrial purposes, determine seasonal effects on the water quality and quality distribution pattern within the study area. The study area covers an area extent of about 2,156 km2. Techniques of American Public Health Association, and Trivedy and Goel were mainly employed in the analyses. The concentrations of major Physico-chemical parameters and properties of the water analyzed include those that are related to the selected industries considered in this study. Other parameters and properties are those that may affect very few of these industries. The results obtained from the study indicated that the quality of the water remained nearly constant throughout the seasons except for total hardness concentrations which were slightly higher during dry seasons while pH, sulphate, electrical conductance and total dissolved solids concentrations were slightly lower during dry season. Distributional variation in water was very insignificant that it cannot affect the usefulness or suitability of the water for various industrial standards. The results also revealed that the changes in the water quality distribution patterns were not in systematic manner. Only the taste, odour, and fluoride as major parameters met the standards for various industries where they were considered. For other major parameters, the water requires some degree of treatments to bring the water to required standard limits but the extent of treatment depends on the parameter and industry concerned. Generally, the water is fresh, soft to moderately hard, slightly acidic and may not pose adverse health hazard to users. Corrosive risk is moderate and the chances of incrustation of distribution system are narrow. The water has no significant aesthetic problem. Water of Ajali Sandstone aquifer units needs little or no treatment before use for air condition, boiler feeds, drinking, general food processing, and ice manufacturing industries. For other industries the water requires some degree of treatments before use as chemical or industrial processing water. Keywords: Groundwater, Ajali, Quality, Assessment, Parameters, Industry, Establishment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-9 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020092388 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2388 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2388 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102388.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:4-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Panagiota Xanthopoulou Author-Name: Ioannis Dimitrios Karampelas Title: The Impact of Leadership on Employees’ Loyalty and on Organizational Success: Do Transformational and Transactional Leadership Ensure Organizational and Work Commitment? Abstract: Leadership issues are vital to organizational success (Kumar and Kaptan, 2007). Without a strategic and effective leadership, it is difficult for the members of the organization to maintain profitability, productivity and competitive advantage (Lussier and Achua, 2007). Work commitment is important for understanding employee work behavior (Mowday et al., 1979; Meyer and Herscovitch 2001; Meyer et al. 2002). This commitment has an impact on many work-related characteristics, such as the intention to stay in the business (Porter et al. 1974; Mathieu and Zajac 1990; Meyer et al. 2002; Chew and Chan 2008), the absence (Porter et al. . 1974; Angle and Perry 1981; Meyer et al. 2002), and satisfaction (Yousef, 2000; Meyer et al., 2002; Chughtai and Zafar, 2006). The purpose of the research is to describe how leadership affects work commitment and employee effectiveness in a business. The target of the research is to examine which of the two transformational and transactional leadership styles has the most significant impact on employee engagement and employee effectiveness. In this research, an in-depth examination of the concepts of leadership, leadership style and work commitment was first conducted. The actions taken to investigate the research problem and the reasoning behind the application of specific procedures or techniques used to locate, select, process, and analyze the information used to understand the problem were then described, thus allowing the reader to critically evaluate the overall validity and reliability of the study. The interview questions were then taken and a comparison was made between the answers to give the results of the research. The results were also discussed to find homogenizations or contradictions in the existing literature review. Finally, the findings of the research were reported and suggestions for future research were made. The results showed that transformational leadership can lead to job commitment and better long-term effort, creativity and productivity of employees. On the contrary, the leadership of the transaction cannot cause a work commitment, but it is observed that on the part of the employees it can cause better results in a short period of time. Combined, transformational and transactional leadership can lead to job commitment, better results on the part of employees in the short term, and better long-term effort, creativity and productivity of employees. Keywords: Leadership, Leadership Style, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership, Organizational Commitment, Work Commitment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 45-63 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020102389 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2389 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2389 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102389.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:45-63 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: New Concept of Small Molecules Interaction with Proteins – An Application to Potential COVID-19 Drugs Abstract: With the huge demand for new effective drugs there is large need for computational methods capable of quick preselection of potential drugs before they are chemically and biologically tested. Particularly, with the latest outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing COVID-19 pandemic, there is urgent need to preselect number of potential small molecule drugs that are already approved for other purposes and are clinically tested on infected people with variety of success. The already established Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) proposes that selectivity of biological interactions and functions between proteins, DNA/RNA, is based on resonant electromagnetic energy between interacting macromolecules at the specific frequency for the specific interaction/function. However, this approach cannot be applied for selective specific interactions between proteins and small molecules (potential drugs), as small molecules are not linear sequential molecules. Here, we extended the RRM model to small molecules interaction with proteins proposing that energy frequencies of free electrons in small molecules are the most relevant for their resonant recognition and interaction with proteins. This extended RRM model is firstly tested here with couple of natural examples to explain and support the model, following with application to already approved drugs, which are also potential COVID-19 drugs including remdesivir, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. This newly extended RRM model opens new avenues for biochemistry and pharmaceutical industry in analyzes of small molecule – protein interaction, and consequently in preselection of new drugs and drug design in general. Keywords: Drug Design, Small Molecules, Resonant Energy, Bioelectromagnetism, Resonant Recognition Model, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Remdesivir Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-25 Volume: 9 Issue: 09 Year: 2020 Month: September Number: V92020102390 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2390 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2390 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020092390.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:9:p:16-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunjie Zhang Author-Name: Xiaohong Li Title: Serum Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet/Lymphocyte Ratio before and after Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction Abstract: Objective To investigate the changes of serum neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before and after thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and their clinical significance. Methods A total of 100 patients diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction and undergoing intravenous thrombolysis in the Department of Neurology of Jinan Central Hospital from January 2019 to October 2019 were selected and divided into the mild functional impairment group according to the neurological impairment score (NIHSS score) ( ≤12 points) and severe functional impairment group (>12 points)), retrospectively analyze the patient’s general clinical data and biochemical indicators such as neutrophils (NC), platelets (PLT) and lymphocytes (LC), and calculate NLR , PLR. Compare the changes of NLR and PLR between different groups. Results The levels of NLR and PLR in the severe functional impairment group before thrombolysis were significantly higher than those in the mild functional impairment group. The levels of NLR and PLR in the severe functional impairment group after thrombolysis were significantly higher than those in the mild functional impairment group. The difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Serum NLR and PLR are related to the severity of ACI. Keywords: Cerebral Infarction, Neutrophil / Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet / Lymphocyte Ratio, Thrombolytic Therapy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020102391 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2391 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2391 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102391.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazish Yaqoob Author-Name: Aijaz Zeeshan Khan Chachar Title: Frequency of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hepatitis C Virus Positive Patients Abstract: Background and objectives: Carotid atherosclerosis is the second leading cause of mortality and a leading cause of major disability. Conventional risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and hyperlipidemia have been established to play pivotal role in the etiology of atherosclerosis. Besides these risk factors, inflammation due to infections is being considered as a possible cause of the disease. Among infectious agents Hepatitis C has been proposed to play a major role in the etiology of Carotid atherosclerosis. The Current study was conducted to see the frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in patients having hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in our population. Objectives: To determine the frequency of carotid atherosclerosis in already diagnosed HCV positive patients. Study Design: Cross Sectional.Study Settings: The study was carried out in medical inpatient and outpatient departments of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Study duration: Six months i.e from 28 April to 27 October 2016.Patients & Methods: Three eighty three (383) patients were included in the study according to inclusion criteria and carefully applying exclusion criteria after inquiring detailed history and doing clinical examination. Data Collection Procedure: Demographics like name, age, gender & address were noted. Patient’s detailed history about HCV was asked and Carotid Doppler was performed by researcher {using ultrasound machine APLIU TOSHIBA}, and findings were confirmed by the senior consultant Radiologist of the hospital who had vast experience in dealing such kind of patients and then presence of carotid atherosclerosis in HCV positive patients was noted. All this information was taken on Performa. Results: Carotid atherosclerosis was present in 131(34.2%), absent in 252(65.8%) patients and diabetes present in 246 (64.2%) patients and absent in 137(35.8%). Of 131 patients, 70(54%) were males and 61(46%) females. 54(41%) patients had hepatitis C for < 3 years and 77(59%) for ≥ 3 years. 93(71%) patients had positive family history of atherosclerosis while 38(29%) patients had none. Mean BMI of total patients was 29.64± 6.64; 119(31.1%) patients of BMI <25kg/m2 and 264(68.9%) with BMI ≥25kg/m2.out of these 131 patients; 105(80%) had age < 45 years and 26 (20%) had age of ≥ 45 years. BMI was < 25kg/m2 in 30 (23%) and ≥ 25kg/m2 in 101(77%) patients. Conclusion: HCV positive patients in significant numbers had carotid atherosclerosis which is quite alarming, early diagnosis and screening can reduce the morbidity and mortality related with carotid atherosclerosis. Keywords: Enzyme linked Immune-Sorbant Assay ELISA, Hepatitis C, Carotid Atheroscelrosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-30 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020102393 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2393 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2393 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112393.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:24-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Djaban Eric Olivier Kouassi Author-Name: Konan Evrard Brice Dibi Author-Name: Boni N’zué Author-Name: Brice Sidoine Essis Author-Name: Amani Michel Kouakou Author-Name: Mongomake Kone Title: Agronomic Characterization of 88 Accessions of the Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) Collection of Côte d'Ivoire Abstract: The characterization of genetic resources is essential for improvement and conservation programs. The objective of this study was to study the morphological and agronomic variability of the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) collection of the Centre National de Recherche Agronomique (CNRA) of Côte d'Ivoire. The work was carried out with 88 accessions on the basis of 12 agronomic characters according to a Fisher design with two replicates. The correlations observed showed the degree of linkage between the traits. Principal component analysis revealed significant variability between individuals in the four groups formed (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4). The most discriminating characters of sweet potato accessions were percentage of productive plants (PPPR), total number of storage roots (SRNU), total storage root weight (SRNU), storage root yield (SRYD), mosaic incidence (VIRD), weevil incidence (SRWE), nematode incidence (SRNE) and rodent incidence (SRRO). The hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in the formation of five groups of accessions independently of geographical origin. Discriminant factor analysis revealed that the grouping of accessions is a function of yield characteristics and disease and pest incidence. Keywords: Characterization, Variability, Ipomoea batatas, Accessions, Principal Component Analysis, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis, Discriminant Factor Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-12 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020102394 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2394 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2394 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112394.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:1-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shehrbano Imran Author-Name: Syeda Arzinda Fatima Author-Name: Namra Yunus Author-Name: Sadia Taj Title: Association of Plasma CRP Level with the Severity of COVID-19 Abstract: Objective: To assess the usefulness of plasma CRP level in categorizing the patients in severity group of COVID-19 and its correlation with severity. Material and methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Medicine and Sections of Chemical Pathology and Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Fatima Memorial Hospital from February to June 2020. After approval from institution’s review board, confirmed cases of Covid-19 by PCR were selected. Their CRP levels were obtained from medical record. CRP levels were compared in the following groups of patients: mild group, moderate group, severe group. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25.0. Results: Out of 115 patients of covid 19 disease included in our study, 11 were in mild group, 19 in moderate and 85 in severe group. Mean CRP of patients in mild group was 3.6±1.0 mg/L, while mean CRP was 117.9±58.1 mg/L in moderate and 134±71.9 mg/L in severe group (p<0.001). Out of 85 (73.9%) severe group patients,15(17.6%) were shifted to mechanical ventilation and out of them 4(26.6%) expired. Mean CRP of ICU patients was 148±82.1 (p-value= 0.008) and 124.2±60.2 in expired patients. Conclusion: We conclude that higher level of CRP at presentation is an independent predictor of Covid 19 disease severity. Keywords: Covid-19, CRP, Severity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-23 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020102396 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2396 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2396 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112396.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:20-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zhou Xu Author-Name: Fangkai Zhang Author-Name: Meiyu Wu Author-Name: Yanli Meng Title: Study on the Construction of Public Service Platform for Risk Assessment of Consumer Products Based on Microservice Architecture Abstract: Faced with the trend of more and more diversified risks of consumer products under the new situation, the traditional risk assessment platform based on single architecture can no longer cope with the growing and rapidly changing new demands. This paper proposes a public service platform for risk assessment of consumer products based on microservice architecture and studies its key issues. Combined with the idea of flexibility and extensibility, this paper analyses the operation defects of traditional architecture and proposes the construction of the public service platform based on the microservice architecture for risk assessment of consumer products. The granularity and partitioning principles of microservices are also studied. Finally, the construction of the actual service architecture is presented. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-30 Volume: 9 Issue: 10 Year: 2020 Month: October Number: V92020102399 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2399 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2399 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020102399.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:10:p:25-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Andrew Armstrong Author-Name: Mathew Najor Author-Name: Trevor Rempert Author-Name: Faraz Bishehsari Author-Name: Abde M. Abukhdeir Author-Name: Melody A. Cobleigh Title: Resistance to HER2-Targeted Therapies Results in Upregulation of MCL-1 and Sensitivity to Olaparib Abstract: HER2 amplification results in increased tumor growth and aggressiveness in breast cancer. Despite advancements in HER2-targeted therapy, treatment resistance, cancer recurrence, and metastasis remain significant obstacles in combating this deadly disease. PARP inhibitors, have emerged as a promising class of drugs targeting cancers deficient in homologous recombination repair. Recent preclinical evidence suggests that PARP inhibitors exhibit sensitivity in cancers with high replication stress and genomic instability, as well as some HER2 positive breast cancer cell lines. To investigate the relationship between HER2 amplification and PARP inhibitor sensitivity, we utilized isogenic models of HER2-positive breast cancer, whereby cells were either sensitive or resistant to lapatinib and treated with the PARP inhibitor olaparib used as a single agent, or in combination with HER2-targeted therapies. Our results show that HER2 overexpressing MCF-10A cells are highly sensitivity to single-agent olaparib. The addition of trastuzumab and lapatinib resulted in a synergistic increase in toxicity. To determine if olaparib could be used to overcome resistance to lapatinib, we obtained SKBR3 cells conditioned to be resistant to lapatinib. Despite resistance to lapatinib, these cells continue to exhibit sensitivity to olaparib. Reverse phase protein analysis revealed that lapatinib resistant clones exhibited a statistically-significant increase in protein expression of the apoptosis inhibitor MCL-1, which is decreased upon olaparib treatment resulting in apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that HER2 overexpression may predict sensitivity to olaparib alone, or in combination with trastuzumab and lapatinib. Lapatinib resistant HER2-positive breast cancer cells are sensitive to olaparib, possibly through downregulation of MCL-1. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-17 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020102407 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2407 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2407 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122407.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:7-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sawatdikarn Sanit Title: Antigerminative Effects of Ethanolic Crude Extracts from Devil Tree (Alstonia scholaris) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth against Selected Plants Abstract: The study of ethanolic crude extracts from the leaves of devil tree (Alstonia scholaris) were extracted by 95% ethanol and used at six concentrations (0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L). The six concentrations of devil tree crude extracts were tested on the inhibitory on seed germination and seedling growth of six tested crops (mimosa (Mimosa pigra), chinese kale (Brassica oleracea), amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), weedy rice (Oryza sativa) and waxy corn (Zea mays). Inhibitory of five characteristics (seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were recorded. The results showed that all crude extracts of devil tree (0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L concentrations) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of six tested plants for 9-100% inhibition. whereas, the devil tree crude extracts at 2.5 g/L concentration showed the highest inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in term of shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight characteristics at 100% inhibition against three tested plants (mimosa, chinese kale as well as amaranthus). A raise of concentration of devil tree crude extracts showed increased inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in six tested plants. The result is showed the antigerminative effects of devil tree (A. scholaris) as well as suggested that the utilization of the ethanolic crude extracts from the leaves of devil tree (A. scholaris) so as to weed management. Keywords: Ethanolic Crude Extracts, Devil Tree, Seed Germination Inhibition, Seedling Growth Inhibition, Antigerminative Effects Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-19 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020112411 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2411 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2411 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112411.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:13-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mangara Ali Author-Name: Kouassi Akossoua Faustine Author-Name: Yeo Yacouba Title: Study of the Organization of Fodder Exploitation, in the Face of Development Dynamics and the Galloping Urbanization of the City of Abidjan Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the functioning of fodder exploitation in the District of Abidjan. Research and surveys were carried out among fodder operators on both fodder collection and sale spots and on livestock markets as well. Formal surveys, carried out in a single visit using questionnaires, made it possible to conduct interviews with stakeholders. The fodder supply sites include the localities of Alépé, Azaguié, Bonoua, Dabou, Grand-Bassam, Jacqueville and Songon, which are 5 to 60 away from Abidjan. The investigations revealed that 88% of fodder operators are not members of any trade union, compared to 12% who are members of the livestock sellers’ union. The fodder delivered is usually fresh and bundled or stored in the form of a pile for better conservation before delivery. Concerning the perception of the stakeholders, the threat of disappearance of fodder at the level of the sampling sites, due to the rapid urbanization of Abidjan, is the main concern for the collectors. The lack of organization of stakeholders in terms of transport, the conservation of unsold fodder, the lack of fixed sites for collection, the sale of fodder and the payment of certain taxes, make this activity less beneficial. It is therefore necessary that the players in this sector get better organized to ensure the sustainability of the city's fodder supply and that research for the safeguard and appropriate management of endangered species be undertaken to support the players. Keywords: Fodder, Livestock, Exploitation, Collector, Côte d’Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-14 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 Year: 2021 Month: January Number: V92020112412 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2412 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2412 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021012412.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:7-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Júlia Saraiva Avelino Silveira Author-Name: Jessica Andrade Freire Author-Name: Gustavo Santana Garcia Author-Name: Carlos Henrique Morais Reis Author-Name: Audria Taiane Souza dos Santos Author-Name: Matheus Castro de Almeida Author-Name: João Henrique Godoy Rodrigues Title: Amyand Hernia: Case Report Abstract: Amyand hernia is a rare event that consists in the vermiform appendix being located within the hernial sac, with or without inflammation. This study aims to report the case and handling of an elderly female patient with abdominal pain and right inguinal bulge with ultrasound diagnosis of incarcerated inguinal hernia, being the final diagnosis Amyand hernia perceived only during the surgery. Keywords: Inguinal hernia, Amyand, Appendix Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-34 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020112415 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2415 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2415 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122415.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:32-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Júlia Saraiva Avelino Silveira Author-Name: Jessica Andrade Freire Author-Name: Gustavo Santana Garcia Author-Name: Carlos Henrique Morais Reis Author-Name: Audria Taiane Souza dos Santos Author-Name: Matheus Castro de Almeida Author-Name: João Henrique Godoy Rodrigues Title: Littré Strangled Umbilical Hernia: Case Report Abstract: Littré hernia is considered to be an extremely rare surgical finding with few cases described in recent literature. It is characterized by the presence of Meckel’s diverticulum in the interior of the hernia sac. The aim of this article is to report the case of an elderly patient intraoperatively diagnosed with Littré's strangled umbilical hernia, associated with the insertion of Treitz ligament in anomalous position. Keywords: Littre Hernia, Meckel’s Diverticulum, Rare Hernias, Umbilical Hernia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-37 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020112416 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2416 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2416 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112416.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:35-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Najeeb Ullah Author-Name: Khurshid Ahmad Khan Author-Name: Javeid Iqbal Author-Name: Asim Rana Author-Name: Bilal Bin Younis Author-Name: Mohsin Asif Author-Name: Aijaz Zeeshan Khan Chachar Author-Name: Falak shan Title: Efficacy of Remdesivir in Covid-19 Patients; Multicenter Study in Lahore Abstract: Introduction: This Pandemic of Covid-19 has shaken the world and devastating and unpredictable nature of the disease and scenario becomes worse when we see limited treatment options for this disease. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of Remdesivir in patients having early phase of the disease. Methodology: Study Settings: The study was conducted in two major tertiary care hospitals, Fatima Memorial Hospital, Bahria international Hospital, Lahore. Sample size & Sampling Technique: A total of 60 patients were selected for this study who were suffering from COVID 19, out of which 30 were given Remdesivir and 30 patients were kept in control group. Participants were enrolled in the study after fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was Probability sampling. Study design: Non-randomized control interventional study. Data Analysis: Data was analyzed with respect to demographics and clinical characteristics. Outcome was observed in terms of recovery and death. Also, the oxygen requirement and respiratory rate was measured on presentation and on 14th day of admission. Furthermore, coexisting conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease and chronic kidney disease were also considered regarding outcome in case group and control group. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 53.2 with standard deviation (SD)±14.6 years, whereas average age of cases was 49.2±15.1 and control 57.1±13.1 years. Male were 60% of the patients and 40% were females, whereas both cases and control had 57% males. The most common co existing disease was hypertension which attributed to 53% of the total sample size followed by diabetes which was present in 47% of the study participants. 23 (38%) participants did not have any coexisting disease. The data did not show any promises with Remdesivir therapy in patients with or without ventilatory support in comparison with participants who did not receive Remdesivir. Keywords: COVID 19, Pneumonia, Remdesivir Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 31-34 Volume: 9 Issue: 11 Year: 2020 Month: November Number: V92020112417 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2417 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2417 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020112417.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:11:p:31-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hassane Bouba Author-Name: Moussa Issaka Abdoulkader Author-Name: Abdourhamane Touré Amadou Author-Name: Illa Zamnaou Abdourahamane Author-Name: Zibo Garba Title: Fishing under Climate Change Conditions: Local Constraints at the Waterhole of Rouafi, Konni (Niger) Abstract: In Niger, the fishing sector supports the needs of communities for their income as well as to meet their nutritional needs for protein. The present work focused on fishing on the Rouafi waterhole, rural community of Bazaga, Konni department. The main objective of this work is to examine the evolution of fishery products in a climate change context. The methodology used in this study is based on the processing of meteoro-climatic data, data on the quantities of fish caught in the Rouafi watherhole, and the identification and mapping of the space occupied by cryptocoryne. The results show that climatic parameters (rainfall and maximum ambient temperature) do not directly influence the quantities of fish caught in the Rouafi waterhole. On the other hand, in parallel with the decrease in the quantities of fish caught, Cryptocoryn spiralis, an aquatic plant species, developed strongly. Keywords: Rouafi Waterhole, Fish, Climate, Cryptocoryne Spiralis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020112418 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2418 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2418 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122418.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sawatdikarn Sanit Title: Herbicidal Potential of Red Spragle (Leptochloa chinensis) on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth against Some Tested Plants Abstract: The crude extracts from the stems of red spragle (Leptochloa chinensis) were extracted by ethyl acetate and used at six concentrations (0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L). The six concentrations of red spragle crude extracts were tested on the inhibitory on seed germination and seedling growth of seven tested plants (popping pod (Ruellia tuberosa, chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis), chinese kale (Brassica oleracea), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), amaranthus (Amaranthus viridis), weedy rice (Oryza sativa) and waxy corn (Zea mays). Inhibitory of five characteristics (seed germination, shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight) were recorded. The results revealed that all crude extracts of red spragle (0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 and 2.5 g/L concentrations) inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of seven tested plants for 9-100% inhibition. whereas, the red spragle crude extracts at 2.5 g/L concentration showed the completely excellent of inhibition (100% inhibition) of seed germination and seedling growth in term of shoot length, root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight characteristics against four tested plants (popping pod, chinese cabbage, chinese kale and amaranthus). The increasing of concentration of red spragle crude extracts showed increased of inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in seven tested plants. This result displayed the herbicidal potential of red spragle (L. chinensis) against seven tested plants as well as suggested that the utilized of the crude extracts from the stem of red spragle (L. chinensis) as bioherbicides application in order to weed control. Keywords: Herbicidal Potential, Crude Extracts, Red Spragle, Leptochloa Chinensis, Seed Germination, Seedling Growth, Allelopathic Activity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-24 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020112419 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2419 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2419 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122419.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:18-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ezeokonkwo Mercy A. Author-Name: Onwosi Ekene L. Author-Name: Odimegwu Damian C. Author-Name: Okafor Sunday N. Author-Name: Eze Cosmas C. Author-Name: Amaechi Dominic C. Author-Name: Attah Solomon I. Author-Name: Okpareke Obinna C. Title: Novel Butan-2-ylidene Benzohydrazides; Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study Abstract: A variety of butan-2-ylidene benzohydrazides were synthesized via the reaction of benzohydrazides with 4,4,4-triflouro-1-phenyl-1,-3-butanedione/4,4,4 – triflouro -1, 2, - (2 – napthyl) -1, 3 – butanedione. Acetylation and benzoylation of butan-2-ylidene benzohydrazides gave the derivatives previously unknown. The compounds were characterized by spectral analyses (Mass spec., IR, and NMR), and were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against some clinical isolates of interest. The in vitro screening revealed that some of the compounds possessed strong inhibitory potentials against the isolates with IZD in the range of 7-14 mm. Predicted ADMET ensured the druggability properties of the synthesized compounds. The molecular docking study indicated compounds7a and 9a to possess the highest docking store and established significant interactions in the active site of the target protein. Keywords: Butan-2-ylidene benzohydrazides, Acetylation, Benzoylation, Clinical isolates, In vitro, Drug-likeness Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-21 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V92020122420 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2420 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2420 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022420.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:13-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mahmoona Ashraf Author-Name: Shanza Ashraf Author-Name: Abaid Ullah Author-Name: Sajjad Ahmad Author-Name: Samia Ashraf Title: Effect of Composting Site on Surrounding Soils and Vegetation Abstract: Composting is regarded as profitable and ecological way to lessen the biodegradable waste dumping in landfills.. In this study, the effects of pit (1 cu yd) composting at Composting Site of CEES, PU on properties of adjoining soil, guava (Psidiumguajava) and Kachnar (Bauhiniavariegata) trees; assessed on the basis of selected soil properties and morphological features of trees. The results showed that the compost prepared by pit composting at the composting site had following properties: bulk density 0.75±0.06g/cm3, water holding capacity 38.67±7.72 %, pH 8.49± 0.31 and electrical conductivity 1.43±0.58, total Kjeldahl nitrogen 3.18±0.99, total organic carbon 0.39±0.12, organic matter 0.67± 0.06, calcium 1.04± 0.31, sodium 0.25±0.15, and potassium 130.11±6.94. All the quality parameters of compost were in the typical range of standard set by U.S Composting Council. The soil in the adjoining areas of composting site showed significant improvement in the quality than soils located far away from the composting time. It was mainly because of flow of runoff from pit composting site, as well as, due to lateral flow of compost tea from the compost pit to the surrounding soils. Both guava and kachnar trees showed highly significant increase in plant growth as compared to similar trees growing at soils far away from the composting site. Keywords: Landfills, Pit Compositing, Lateral Flow, Growth, Biodegradable, Dumping, Morphological Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-16 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V92020122422 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2422 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2422 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042422.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:9-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Khurshid Ahmad Khan Author-Name: Muhammad Kamran Rauf Author-Name: Asma Afzal Khan Author-Name: Javeid Iqbal Author-Name: Sadia Taj Author-Name: Fatima Shahid Author-Name: Aijaz Zeeshan Khan Chachar Title: Role of Convalescent Plasma Therapy in Patients with Moderate to Severe COVID 19 Abstract: Significance: Given the lack of evidence of effective treatments and vaccines for Corona virus disease-19(COVID-19), several treatment options are under investigation, including Convalescent Plasma. The FDA granted emergency use authorization (EUA) on August 23, 2020 for use of convalescent plasma in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but further data from randomized clinical trials are needed. Objective: The objective of the study was to find evidence of efficacy of Convalescent Plasma therapy in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19. Study Design, Setting, and Sample size: Open label, observational study, where participants were allocated using predefined assessment criteria. The study included 42 patients admitted in Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore with moderate to severe COVID-19. The study was terminated early after 42 patients of a planned sample size of 50 patients due to no further admissions of COVID-19 in the hospital. Groups: Standard treatment for COVID-19 disease (antibiotics, steroids, Tocilizumab, Remdesivir) according to disease severity was given in 15 patients (control group), while Convalescent plasma was administered in addition to standard treatment in 27 patients (cases). Primary and Secondary Outcomes: Primary outcome was to see clinical improvement in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19, defined as patient recovered and discharged home. Secondary outcomes looked at oxygen requirement in both cases and controls after administration of treatment and any improvement in biochemical markers. Results: 42 patients were observed in the study. 27 patients assigned to the cases group received standard treatment and convalescent plasma therapy for moderate to severe Covid-19 disease whilst 15 patients received standard treatment only, assigned as control group. The median age of patients in the convalescent plasma group was 59.81±10.14 and 54.37 ±12.93 in the control group (p-value = 0.086). There was no statistically significant difference in baseline characteristics between the cases and control group. Primary outcome measured as patient recovered and discharged home was achieved in 64.3% of patients in the cases group and 35.7% in the control group (p value = 1). Secondary outcome compared oxygen requirements in cases (median 20 l/min) and controls (median 8 l/min) after treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in oxygen requirements between cases and controls after treatment (p=0.059). Biochemical markers of inflammatory response such as Total leukocyte count, D-dimer, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) did not show any statistically significant difference in the two groups. CRP however decreased markedly in those patients treated with Convalescent plasma in addition to standard treatment when compared with control group (p value= 0.002). Also, serum Ferritin was also found to be much lower in cases as compared to controls (p value = 0.001). No adverse effects were seen in the cases after administration of convalescent plasma. Conclusion: Convalescent Plasma therapy administered in addition to standard treatment did not result in a statically significant improvement in patient survival in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 when compared with standard treatment alone. There was however, a significant reduction in two inflammatory markers associated with severe disease i.e. C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum Ferritin in the cases group. The study results may have failed to detect a clinically significant difference because of early termination of the study resulting in small sample size. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, Corona Virus, Convalescent Plasma Therapy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-43 Volume: 9 Issue: 12 Year: 2020 Month: December Number: V92020122423 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2423 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2423 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V92020122423.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:9:y:2020:i:12:p:35-43 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: O. E. Oludele Author-Name: M. E. Wyse Author-Name: O. K. Odeniyi Author-Name: P. O. Ali Author-Name: M. Kugbogbenmowei Title: Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil Using Cow Dung Abstract: Crude oil contaminated soils were obtained from an oil pit in Burutu L.G.A. of Delta State and the Cow dung was collected from Garki slaughterhouse along Benin-Sapele-Warri road Delta, Nigeria. The samples were sundried for a period of one week and kept in the laboratory. 500g of crude oil contaminated soil was weighed into four different containers labeled A, B, C and D. The soil was amended with the application of cow dung at various weights of 100g, 150g and 200g/kg respectively leaving sample D without amendment which served as the control for a period of 10 weeks. The microbiological and physiological analysis of crude oil contaminated soil amended with cow dung was investigated using standard cultural techniques. The Total Heterotrophic Bacterial count for the samples A, B, C and D treatment options increased from (8.1 x106–9.2x106cfu/g), (8.1x106–9.5x106cfu/g), (8.1x106–9.6x 106cfu/g) and (8.1 x 106–8.9x106cfu/g) respectively. The Total Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacterial Count for the A, B, C, and D treatment options increased from (4.2 x106 –7.6x106cfu/g), (4.2x106–8.0x106cfu/g), (4.2 x 106–8.5 x 106cfu/g) respectively and sample D control increased slightly (4.2x106–4.9x106). The Nitrate concentration increased from (0.04mg/kg to 0.11mg /kg). Phosphate concentration also increased from (1.72mg/kg to 5.72mg/kg). Percentage loss of total hydrocarbon for the three treatment options A, B and C at the end of 10 weeks were 29.3%, 44.13% and 68% respectively. From the results obtained it can be concluded that cow dung has demonstrated high potential in enhancing bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-34 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 Year: 2021 Month: January Number: V102021012427 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2427 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2427 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021012427.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:29-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Abdulrahman Abdullah Alsayyari Title: Studying of Selective Common Factors Affecting Radiographic Quality and Related Exposure Doses Abstract: In recent decades, there were spectacular developments in imaging technology that lead to substantial enhance in using the radiography in diagnosis of diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect of some potential factors that may influence the radiographic quality and the relative exposure dose. These factors are the exposure dose, the focal size, the filters thickness and grid. Data analysis was done using EXCELL and JAVA SE (JRE) V. 6 software to convert the analogue image into digital. The data showed that the object dose in mGy and dose area product (DAP) in mGy.cm2 were significantly increased (R2 = 0.9) by factors of 0.09 and 0.04 per mA respectively. The broad focus gave high dose and DAP as (0.28 mGy and 2.18 mGy.cm2) compared to fine focus as (0.14 mGy and 1.11 mGy.cm2) respectively. The system output (O/P) in mGy and DAP were significantly increased (R2 = 0.9) by factors of 1.02 and 1.05 respectively when the kVp increased up to 80. The presence of a filter significantly (R2 = 0.9) reduced O/P and DAP to the object by a factor of 5.5 mGy.cm2 and enhanced the image contrast but it reduced the image sharpness when a thick filter was used. The grid showed more homogeneous image contrast and eliminated the scatter, but it reduced the image sharpness. Finally, the data suggest that using image enhancing devices may increase the object dose and it should be done under "As Low As Reasonably Achievable" (ALARA) principles. Keywords: Exposure-Factors, Image-Characteristics, Dose, Quality, Enhancement Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V102021012430 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2430 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2430 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022430.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sawatdikarn Sanit Title: Weed Interference and Growth Performances in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as affected by Weed Density and Types of Weed Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate of the density for four weeds on growth inhibition against soybean (Glycine max) (Chiang Mai 2 variety). The experiment were interfered with four weeds namely wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla), eclipta (Eclipta prostrata), slender amaranth (Amaranthus viridis) and spiny amaranth (Amaranthus spinosus) against soybean (G. max). The number of four weeds interfered with soybean planting divided into five treatments; 0 (control treatment) 4 8 12 and 16 plants/m2. Stem height, leaf area, fresh weight of aboveground part and dry weight of aboveground part of soybean were measured at 28 days after planting. The results showed that the increase of number of four weeds resulted in the increase of inhibition of all growth performance in soybean. The planting of soybean interfered with the weeds for 16 plants/m2 exhibited that the maximum of inhibitory degree (52.61%) followed by the planting of soybean interfered with the weeds for 12 8 and 4 plants/m2 by 40.04, 25.94 and 13.08%, respectively. The planting of soybean interfered with spiny amaranth (A. spinosus) exhibited that the highest of inhibitory degree (35.41%), followed by the planting of soybean interfered with eclipta (E. prostrata), wild poinsettia (E. heterophylla) and slender amaranth (A. viridis) showed the inhibitory degree for 34.35, 31.65 and 30.27%, respectively. This result presented the effects of density of weeds against soybean on growth parameters (stem height, leaf area, fresh weight of aboveground part and dry weight of aboveground part) as well as suggested that the planting of soybean should be the planting of soybean were not interfered with different weed density in order to the minimization of weed competition as well as the optimum method for weed arrangement. Keywords: Weed interference, Growth performances, Soybean (Glycine max), Weed competition, Weed Density, Types of Weed Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-23 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 Year: 2021 Month: January Number: V102021012431 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2431 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2431 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021012431.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:15-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Huawen Zhang Title: The Implementation of Computerized Physician Order Entry in the Intensive Care Unit Abstract: Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) has been known as a process of physician orders in an electronic way instead of the traditional paper-based system. CPOE has been included as one of core objectives in the term ‘Meaningful Use’ by Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Inspector General reported 180,000 deaths in the United States in 2008 due to medication errors. The Institute of Medicine reported about 450,000 preventable adverse drug effects which costed additional $3.5 billion. On average, 1.7 medication errors per day and 74.5% errors in parenteral drugs administration were reported in the intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this research was to examine the benefits, barriers and risks of CPOE adoption in different ICUs. The methodology for this study was a literature review. Research was conducted by collecting scholarly online database and government websites. On one hand, CPOE could provide patient’s health record regardless of time and place, alerts in drug interactions, and suggest in clinical decisions in ICUs. CPOE could also reduce medication errors and adverse drug events significantly. On the other hand, CPOE could provide better solutions if it would be used with real-time conversation and as per workflow of ICUs. In addition, user satisfaction and sufficient training, were important factors in implementing CPOE with more successful and desired outcomes. Keywords: CPOE, Medication Errors, Adverse Drug Events, Intensive Care Units Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-28 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 Year: 2021 Month: January Number: V102021012432 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2432 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2432 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021012432.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:24-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: Analysis of Ivermectin as Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Using Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: With worldwide spread of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, everyone is trying to find effective cure. One of the quickest approaches is to test existing already approved and safe drugs for possibility of their activity against SARS-CoV-2 virus. One of such possible drugs is ivermectin, which is FDA approved broad spectrum anti parasitic agent. Recently it has been shown that ivermectin has broad range of in vitro antiviral activities and it has been shown that ivermectin is an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. We have previously used our recently developed extended Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) for small molecules and we have proposed hat drugs like hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine and remdesivir can interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. Here, we have used an extended RRM model for small molecules to analyze the possibility for ivermectin, an already FDA-approved drug, to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 viral activity, which could lead to an effective cure. Keywords: Drug Design, Small Molecules, Resonant Energy, Bioelectromagnetism, Resonant Recognition Model, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Ivermectin Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 10 Issue: 01 Year: 2021 Month: January Number: V102021012433 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2433 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2433 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021012433.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:1:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thérèse Nadège Okoa Amougou Author-Name: Ajeagah Gideon Aghaindum Author-Name: Quiggle Asi Atud Title: Cosmopolitan Nature of the Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoïdes Identified in Wells Water Destined for Domestic Usage in Sub-Urban Areas in the Center Region of Cameroon Abstract: In order to evaluate the cosmopolitan character of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoïdes identified in the wells of four (04) sub-urban areas (Mbalmayo, Mbankomo, Okola and Soa) of the Central region of Cameroon, a study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2019. Sampling was carried out on 16 wells following a monthly sampling frequency. Eggs of Ascaris lumbricoïdes were identified using the formalin-ether concentration and the Kato-Katz identification methods. The result of the physico-chemical analysis shows that the water has an average temperature of 25.31°C and an acidic pH (6.7). Parasitological analysis shows the presence and predominance of the species Ascaris lumbricoïdes at any place and at any time in these waters. The highest parasitological densities were obtained during the rainy season. Statistical analysis shows that orthophosphates are significantly and positively correlated with the densities of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoïdes (p≤0.01). While nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, colour, turbidity and Dissolved Total Solids are significantly and positively correlated with the densities of the eggs of Ascaris lumbricoïdes (p≤0.05). Water from these wells is therefore a source of contamination by Ascariasis. Keywords: Cosmopolitan Nature, Ascaris lumbricoïdes, Eggs, Well Water Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-29 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V102021012434 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2434 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2434 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022434.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:22-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sawatdikarn Sanit Title: Induction on Seed Germination and Seeedling Performances against Sunflower (Helainthus annuus L.) and Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) as influenced by Different Water Stress Treatments Abstract: The objective of this study was to studied of the effects of water stress treatments on inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in sunflower (Helainthus annuus L.) and castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). The experimental design was 3x5 Factorial in CRD (Completely randomized design) with four replications. Factor A as levels of seed qualities (sunflower and castor bean) divided into three treatments; 1) high quality seed 2) medium quality seed and 3) low quality seed as well as Factor B as the water stress treatments (WST) consisted of five treatments after watered at the first planting; T1 the watered treatment for every day (control treatment) T2 the watered interval for one day T3 the watered interval for two days T4 the watered interval for three days and T5 the watered interval for four days. Seed germination, speed of germination index, shoot length and seedling dry weight were tested. The results showed that the increase of water stress treatments resulted in the increase of inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in two selected plants (sunflower and castor bean). The difference of seed quality showed the different inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth in two selected plants. The planting of high seed quality had the inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth which lesser than the planting of medium seed quality and low seed quality under water stress condition. The planting of sunflower with watered interval for four days exhibited that the maximum of inhibitory degree (68.04%) followed by the planting of sunflower with the watered interval for three days, the watered interval for two days and the watered interval for one day showed inhibitory degree for 55.37 37.97 and 27.01%, respectively. The planting of low seed quality of sunflower exhibited that the highest of inhibitory degree (56.70%), followed by the planting of medium seed quality of sunflower and the planting of high seed quality of sunflower showed the inhibitory degree for 46.81 and 37.79%, respectively. For castor bean testing, The planting of castor bean with watered interval for four days exhibited that the maximum of inhibitory degree (72.25%) followed by the planting of castor bean with the watered interval for three days, the watered interval for two days and the watered interval for one day showed inhibitory degree for 57.38 39.98 and 28.20%, respectively. The planting of low seed quality of castor bean exhibited that the highest of inhibitory degree (59.36%), followed by the planting of medium seed quality and the planting of high seed quality showed the inhibitory degree for 50.51 and 38.50%, respectively. The results showed that the planting of sunflower and castor bean must selection the high seed quality and selection of the planting of sunflower and castor bean whithout water stress condition. This result indicated that the comprehensive data of effects of water stress on seed germination and seedling growth against (sunflower and castor bean) as well as suggest select the optimum application of the high seed quality for the planting under water stress condition. Keywords: Water Stress Treatments, Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Castor Bean (Ricinus communis), Seed Germination, Seedling Growth Performance, Water Deficit Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-50 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V102021012435 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2435 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2435 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022435.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:41-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pale Siebou Author-Name: Taonda Sibiri Jean-Baptiste Author-Name: Mason Stephen C. Author-Name: Serme Idriss Author-Name: Sohoro Adama Author-Name: Ouattara Korodjouma Title: Pearl Millet Grain and Stover Nutrient Concentrations as Influenced by Tillage, Cropping System and Soil Amendment Abstract: A two-year experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block designs with split plot treatment arrangements and three replications in the Sahelian agroecological zone of Burkina Faso. The main plot was tillage method and the sub-plot was cropping system/soil amendment (compost and mineral fertilizer) combinations. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of tillage and cropping system/soil amendment on pearl millet grain and stover concentrations, and relate these to nutritional needs of humans, cattle and for pearl millet plant growth. The cropping system/soil amendment combinations had little influence on nutrient concentrations, significant only for Mg with concentrations varying from 0.16 to 0.39%, and Fe with concentrations varying from 70 to 119 ppm in grain, and P in stover with concentrations varying from 0.06 to 0.18%. Year and tillage more frequently influenced nutrient concentrations, except for grain K, Ca, S, and Zn and stover S, Zn, Fe and Cu. Pearson’s correlations indicated that high yields due to year and tillage were often associated with lower nutrient concentration, and low yields with higher nutrient concentrations. Nutrient concentration of pearl millet grain was adequate to meet human nutritional requirements except for Mn, Ca for females, and P in some circumstances. Stover nutrient concentrations exceeded requirements for cattle feed and critical nutrient concentrations for the yield levels produced in this study except for N and P. Results indicates that the combination of good in presence of judicious cropping systems and soil amendment that positively affected pearl millet grain and stover nutrient concentrations should be recommended for use in the Sudano-Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso. However, management of Mn, Ca and P concentrations in grain and N and P concentration in stover requires further research. Keywords: Compost, Fertilizer, No Till, Scarifying, Zaï, Human Nutrition, Cattle Nutrition, Critical Nutrient Concentration Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V102021022436 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2436 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2436 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042436.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pan Zhou Author-Name: Chao Liu Author-Name: Jinpei Yang Author-Name: Shuai Zheng Author-Name: Xueshi Li Author-Name: Genlong Jiao Author-Name: Zhizhong Li Title: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Multiple Fractures: A Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease, the main clinical manifestations are loss of pain or dullness, accompanied by a series of complications. We followed up a patient with CIP for 9 years, and a total of 4 fractures in 6 parts of the lower limbs were found. The patient presented with typical pain retardation, accompanied by osteomyelitis, multiple fractures, self-harm behavior (biting the tip of the tongue and fingers), and not being afraid of heat. A mutation was found on the sodium channel type IX a subunit (SCN9A) gene (chr2: 167056320 (EX27E), NM_002977. 3: c. 4796G>T (p. Arg1599Leu)). There is currently no effective treatment for this disease. We have adopted a combination of conservative and surgical treatment for this child's orthopedic disease (osteomyelitis and fracture). During the 4th fracture hospitalization, with the informed consent of the family, we used zoledronic acid to prevent fractures caused by low energy. Follow-up for 3 years found that zoledronic acid not only promoted fracture healing, but also avoided new fracture formation. Through reviewing the literature, we observe that this is the first report of using zoledronic acid to successfully avert new fractures in this type of patient. Now we summarize the treatment experience and review the literature in order to provide reference for the clinical treatment of this disease and enrich the SCN9A gene mutation spectrum. Keywords: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain, Multiple Fractures, SCN9A, Zoledronic Acid Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 10 Issue: 03 Year: 2021 Month: March Number: V102021022437 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2437 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2437 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021032437.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinjun Liang Author-Name: Dan Yang Author-Name: Xuhao Yang Author-Name: Yunjun Wu Author-Name: Guo Fu Title: Case Report: Multiple Tuberculous Tenosynovitis of the Flexor Tendons of the Wrist and Hand Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis is a significant public health challenge and tuberculous tenosynovitis is therefore a rare form of musculoskeletal tuberculosis which usually affects the flexor tendons of the hand and wrist. Case presentation: We present a case of a 63-year-old male. He presented multiple progressively enlarging mass over the volar side of the right hand and wrist. He did not have a previous history of tuberculosis. However, his erythrocyte sedimentation rate was high and tuberculosis antibody test was slightly positive. Radiograph of chest showing multiple nodular and patchy dense shadows in bilateral lungs, and localized soft tissue mass around the radiocarpal joint. Excision biopsy of the mass was done and samples sent for histopathology comment. The findings were an inflamed, thickened synovia: suggestive of tuberculous tenosynovitis. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy was commenced on the second postoperative day. Conclusion: Tuberculous tenosynovitis of the wrist is rare. However, in developing area where tuberculosis is prevalent, it should be part of the differential diagnosis of compound palmar ganglion in order to prevent delayed diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Tenosynovitis, Wrist, Hand, Flexor Tendons, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-37 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V102021022438 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2438 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2438 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042438.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:33-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Richard Tobolbaï Author-Name: Albert Ngakou Author-Name: Steve Takoukam Toukam Title: Prevalence and Morpho-Anatomical Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Spores, from Soybean (Glycine max L.) Rhizosphere in the Agro-Ecological Zone 1 of Cameroon Abstract: This work investigates on the morpho-anatomical diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus spores native to soybean rhizosphere in the agro-ecological zone I of Cameroon. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi spores have been trapped in pot on composite soils samples taken from three areas in each northern region. Soybean have been used as host plant. After 90 days of growth, the mycorrhizal fungus spores have been extracted and the host plant roots stained. Results analysis revealed that the mycorrhization frequency (F) and intensity (I) are higher at Maroua area (F = 4.6%, I = 3.95%) and lower at Guider zone (F = 1.33% and I = 1.22%). For the specific density, the values vary between 1.54% (Guider zone) and 5.2% (Yagoua zone). Regarding the specific richness, the obtained data fluctuate between 3% (Guider) and 8% (Mokolo). The morpho-anatomical characterization of the spores indicated the presence of 9 different specimens: Septoglomus constrictum, Glomus maculosum, Glomus manihostis, Acaulospora kentinensis, Acaulospore myriocarpa, Rhizophagus intraradices, Ambispora sp, Funneliformis mossea, Diversispora epigae. Among these strains, Septoglomus constrictum is the most abundant specimen while Funneliformis mossea, Ambispora sp and Acaulospora myriocarpa are the rarest. The agronomic performances of these strains can be evaluated for and ecological production of soybeans in the agro-ecological zone I of Cameroon. Keywords: Agro-Ecological Zone 1, Specfic Density, Specific Richness, Mycorrhization Frequency, Myorrhization Intensity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-40 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V102021022439 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2439 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2439 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022439.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:30-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wiytoh Blessing Ntam Author-Name: Florence Ngoran Author-Name: Elisabeth Zeuko o Menkem Title: A Study on the Factors that Hinder the Implementation of the Nursing Process by Nurses in the Saint Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital Shisong Abstract: The nursing process is the bench mark of quality care and needs to be implemented in all health institutions. This research project was triggered by the fact that nurses do not really implement the nursing in patient care as expected despite the nursing profession autonomy it gives. This study therefore was designed to identify factors that hinder the implementation of the nursing process by nurses of the St Elizabeth’s catholic general hospital Shisong”.The age distribution revealed that 20(83.3%) out of the 26 in the adult age group of 31-40, used the nursing process more than the older nurses. The findings revealed 49(70%) participants did not know all the components of the nursing process while only 21(30%) knew , this being the major factor that hindered its use as 38(54.3%) acknowledged that lack of adequate knowledge of the nursing process is a factor that hinders its implementation. Other factors identified by 52(74.3%)of the participants was hindrances to using the nursing process were administrative factors such as shortage of staff and no job description, lack of supervision by head nurses as identified by 35(50%) of the participants. The research concluded that there was no implementation of the nursing process by nurses of this institution. Keywords: Factors, Nursing Process, Hospital Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-12 Volume: 10 Issue: 02 Year: 2021 Month: February Number: V102021022447 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2447 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2447 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021022447.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:2:p:7-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Saadet Selin Ersen Author-Name: Cansu Filik Iscen Title: Anaerobic Treatability Studies of Metal Industry Wastewater in Batch Reactor Abstract: With the rapid growth of the world population and the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization, the metal industry and the production of metal structures and building parts started to grow and develop rapidly. With these developments, the effects of the production of metal structures and components on the environment have increased. If the wastewater originating from the metal industry is discharged into water environments without proper treatment, it causes the accumulation feature in the environment and living creatures due to their toxic properties and various health problems, resulting in the death of aquatic organisms, their water quality being reduced and being unusable as drinking, using and irrigation water. It is known that organic matter and heavy metal concentrations in metal industry wastewater are high. Therefore, wastewater from the metal industry needs to undergo a suitable and adequate treatment. In this study, optimization of anaerobic treatment of metal industry wastewater was investigated by applying statistical based experimental design in different conditions. In full factorial experiments (i) 9 different experiments based on different initial wastewater concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%), (ii) cosubstrate type (glucose, propionic acid, acetic acid-butyric acid-propionic acid-ABP) variables mechanism has been established. The experiments were carried out in Oxitop C bottles in a 200 ml working volume with mixing. The necessary basal medium was added for the development of anaerobic microorganisms and the pH was adjusted to 7 ± 0.2. Trials were carried out at 35oC for 30 days. At the end of the process, COD removals were determined according to the input and output COD (chemical oxygen demand) values of the trials. As a result, the highest COD removal was found to be 97% in the diluted wastewater concentration of 0.5%, when glucose is used as a cosubstrate. Keywords: Anaerobic Treatability, Metal İndustry, Wastewater, Batch Reactor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-18 Volume: 10 Issue: 03 Year: 2021 Month: March Number: V102021022448 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2448 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2448 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021032448.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:13-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oladejo Thomas Adepoju Author-Name: Anastasia Angorkuma Daagema Title: Evaluation of Nutrient Content and Acceptability of Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Soups Consumed by Tiv People of Benue State, Nigeria Abstract: Carica papaya (Pawpaw), a tropical plant with inexpensive fruit is underutilized and highly consumed in the ripe form in Nigeria. The fruit is reportedly high in niacin, vitamin C and calcium, with therapeutic properties. The matured unripe fruit is sliced, dried and cooked into soups by Tiv people of Benue State, Nigeria. The study was carried out to determine the nutrient, antinutrient and sensory attributes of three local soups prepared from unripe Pawpaw fruit as consumed by Tiv people. Fresh matured unripe Pawpaw fruit was obtained from Department of Agronomy, University of Ibadan research farm, washed, peeled, sliced into chips and sun-dried. Sun-dried chips were rehydrated and prepared into three (Poucho, Tomato and Egusi) soups. Fresh Pawpaw fruit (PF), dry pawpaw chips (PC), Poucho (PS) and Egusi (ES) soups, and tomato stew (TS) were analysed for proximate, mineral, vitamin and anti-nutrient composition using standard methods of AOAC. Sensory attributes were evaluated using 30 panelists on nine-point hedonic scale. Dry PC and soups contained 12.0-55.2g moisture, 3.84-8.74g crude protein, 0.3-7.1g crude fat, and 82.1-24.6g carbohydrates /100g sample. Tomato stew was highest in carbohydrate, PS highest in crude fat, ES in protein and energy. The soups were rich in both macro and microminerals, with ES having highest values. The three soups were rich in beta-carotene, vitamins C and E, and low in antinutrients. The soups were acceptable to the panelists, and are hence, recommended for improving dietary diversity, antioxidant and micronutrient intake of consumers. Keywords: Unripe Pawpaw Fruit, Nutrient Content, Antinutrients, Sun-Drying, Pawpaw Soups Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 10 Issue: 05 Year: 2021 Month: May Number: V102021022450 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2450 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2450 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021052450.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rowland J. O. Ekeocha Title: The Statistics of the Bible Abstract: By inspiration, I read the bible three times. The first reading gives birth to the idea, the second defines the objective while the third actualizes the objective which is this write-up called the Statistics of the Bible. The scope covers the number of books 78 (51 old testament, 27 new testament), the chapters 1345 (1085 old, 260 new), the verses 36095 (28139 old, 7956 new) and average verse 27 (26 old, 31 new). By way of upgrade, the number of words may be included in subsequent edition of this version. However, the numbers of words vary according to the bible version. Keywords: Bible Verses, Bible Chapters, Bible Books, Bible Statistics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-21 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V102021032457 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2457 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2457 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042457.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:17-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: Analysis of UK and South African Strains of SARS-CoV-2 Using Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: With newly discovered UK variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been shown to be about 70% more infectious and possibly 30% more deadly, there is a need to understand why mutations within this variant are so critical. Here, we have applied the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) to computationally analyse six the most critical mutations within this UK variant and we have found that these mutations are significantly increasing RRM characteristics related to its viral activity. To test the approach, we have also applied the RRM to three the most critical mutations within the South African variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus and found that those mutations are increasing RRM characteristics related to viral activity, but not as much as UK variant. This is in complete agreement with known viral activities of these SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using the same approach, we have applied the RRM model to predict possible even more critical mutations, which probably have not yet occurred, but may lead to even more virulent mutants of SARS-CoV-2 virus. Both UK variant mutations, as well as RRM predicted mutations, have been presented within 3D structure of spike protein during the interaction with ACE2 receptor. It has been shown that all these mutations are in close proximity of interaction site between spike protein and ACE2 receptor. Keywords: UK Variant of SARS-CoV-2, South African Variant of SARS-CoV-2, Prediction of Functional Mutations, Resonant Recognition Model, COVID-19 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-25 Volume: 10 Issue: 03 Year: 2021 Month: March Number: V102021032459 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2459 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2459 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021032459.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:3:p:19-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Konan Akissi Elise Author-Name: Koffi Kouadio Arsène Dieudonné Author-Name: Kouassi Konan Edouard Author-Name: Silue Pagadjovongo Adama Author-Name: Kouakou Abell Mike Author-Name: Koutouan Mylène Author-Name: Kone Kouhounatchoho Arthur Title: Land Use and Plant Diversity of the Dahliafleur Reserve of Bingerville (South of Côte d’Ivoire) Abstract: Bingerville is one of the cities of the District of Abidjan which are experiencing rampant urbanization. Despite this urbanization, the government has managed to preserve an area called the Dahliafleur Reserve as a refuge for biodiversity in this highly urbanized area. The sustainable management of this Reserve inevitably requires knowledge of the different types of land use and flora. The objective of the present study was to determine the ecological role that this Reserve could play. Land cover mapping and botanical inventories were the main methods used. The results obtained revealed a variability of the types of occupation and of the soil with different surface areas. The Reserve is made up of mosaics of secondary forests, fallow land and bamboo groves. The characterization of the flora made it possible to identify 107 species divided into 87 genera and 44 families. The Guinean-Congolese species are the most abundant. Phanerophytes are dominant in the Reserve. The presence of a non-negligible number of species with special status marks an interest in conservation in this anthropized environment. The diversity indices and specific richness are low. These relatively low values confirm the state of degradation of the vegetation already revealed by satellite images in the Reserve. Keywords: Dynamics, Biodiversity, Conservation, Dahliafleur, Côte d'Ivoire Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-39 Volume: 10 Issue: 06 Year: 2021 Month: June Number: V102021032461 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2461 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2461 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021062461.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:29-39 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chukwuemeka I. MBAM Author-Name: Chinwe O. EWENIGHI-AMANKWAH Author-Name: Godwin O. OKORO Author-Name: Samuel A. FASOGBON Author-Name: Cyril A. EGBO Author-Name: Nnenna I. NJOKU Author-Name: Kabiru O. AYODELE Author-Name: Ifeoma G. ONUKWUE Author-Name: Loveth O. FASOGBON Author-Name: Sumbola A. ADEYINKA Author-Name: Ahmed O. ADEBAYO Author-Name: Dayo E. ADEDIWURA Author-Name: Damilola E. OGUNTUNNBI Author-Name: Ayobami B. OLAYERA Title: Estimation of Serum Cortisol in Type-2 Diabetic Patients under Control Abstract: Background: Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones that functions to increase blood sugar through gluconeogenesis. Diabetogenic hormones such as cortisol play a role in the complications of diabetes mellitus and abnormally high cortisol exerts anti-insulin effect that leads to reduction in insulin sensitivity which is a major factor contributing to development of type2 diabetes mellitus. Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the serum level of Cortisol in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. Materials and Methods: Samples from thirty (30) confirmed drug treated type2 diabetic subjects attending clinic at federal teaching hospital Abakaliki and fifteen (15) non-diabetic volunteers were analyzed of serum cortisol level using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The data generated was analyzed using statistical software IBM SPSS version 20.0. The results were expressed as mean+ SEM. Data from this study was analyzed using T-paired test analysis. Results and Discussion: This study showed that the serum cortisol level was normal and had no significant difference (p=0.13) in treated type2 diabetic subjects (2.94+0.73nmol/l) compared to that of the control subjects (1.83+0.06). Also, the mean levels of serum cortisol in comparison with the duration of treatment showed that type2 diabetic subjects with treatment duration of 1-2years showed higher significant difference (P=0.03) in their mean levels of cortisol (2.51+0.54) compared to subjects with treatment duration of 6-10years (0.82+0.05). Conclusion: Serum cortisol level in a well drug treated type2 diabetic subjects was observed to be normal with an inverse correlation with duration of treatment. Keywords: Cortisol, Diabetic Mellitus, Insulin, Treatment, Type-2 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-46 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V102021032462 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2462 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2462 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042462.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:42-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hong Ahn Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Color and Antioxidant Potential of Seasoning with Butternut Squash (Cucurbita moschata) Powder Abstract: Seasonings, also known as spices and herbs, are appreciated for their culinary properties and potential health benefits. They are a rich source of beneficial bioactive phytochemicals. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of addition of different proportions of butternut squash seed (BS) powder on the quality characteristics and antioxidant potential of seasoning. The BS powder enhanced the color values and antioxidant potentials of the seasoning. The antioxidant activity, as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), of seasonings increased by up to 30.92% in the sample containing 5% BS powder. The total phenolics content was also increased by 91.40% with the addition of 5% BS powder. Seasonings prepared by adding BS powder could be used as good sources of natural antioxidants. This study suggests that the addition of BS powder could enhance the color value as well as antioxidant potential of seasonings. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Butternut Squash Powder, Color Value, Seasoning Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 38-41 Volume: 10 Issue: 04 Year: 2021 Month: April Number: V102021032464 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2464 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2464 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021042464.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:4:p:38-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gerard Lucotte Author-Name: Stephan Borensztajn Author-Name: Raoul Perrot Title: Study of the Presumed Cranium of Sampiero Corso (1488-1567) Abstract: We have studied by classic anatomical methods the presumed cranium of Sampiero Corso (1498-1567), who was the first Corsican nationalist. This cranium corresponds to that of a male individual, aged at least of 50 years ; there are many similarities between the cranium face and the one that corresponds to his portrait. The vertical fracture, observed on the cranium left side of the forehead, corresponds probably to the stab sword that caused Sampiero Corso’s death. The 14C radiodating of a bone fragment located at the cranium basis gives a calendar 1450-1510 years interval (at 95% of probability) of age. Keywords: Sampiero Corso (1498-1567) Cranium , Anatomical Study, 14C radiodating Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-31 Volume: 10 Issue: 05 Year: 2021 Month: May Number: V102021042465 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2465 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2465 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021052465.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:25-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vinicius Menin Brandi Author-Name: Carolina Ferreira Iglesias Author-Name: Paulo Cesar Espada Title: Maxillary Artery Embolization in Patient with Penetrating Trauma to Face: Case Report Abstract: Some cases of penetrating trauma to the face can result in asymptomatic injuries, especially vascular trauma. This paper reports the case of a young patient with penetrating facial trauma and a vascular injury diagnosed using an imaging exam. Endovascular treatment was performed involving embolization of the left maxillary artery. Keywords: Maxillary Artery, External Causes, Embolization, Injuries and Lesions, Facial Trauma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 32-34 Volume: 10 Issue: 05 Year: 2021 Month: May Number: V102021042466 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2466 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2466 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021052466.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:32-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Dong Qiu Author-Name: Zha Zhengang Title: Advance in Etiology and Rehabilitation Treatment of Patellofemoral Pain (Review) Abstract: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disease seen in sports medicine clinics. The pathogenesis of PFP is not yet clear, but there have been many biomechanical and pathophysiological studies related to PFP. These studies have further improved the understanding of PFP and aided in its treatment. Due to the high prevalence, long course and difficulty in eradicating PFP, most treatment options to date still aim to improve symptoms and have not resulted in an effective treatment approach. Reasonable rehabilitation therapy can relieve pain, improve motor function and help patients regain confidence in life and work. Therefore, further research into the pathogenesis of PFP and the search for a set of standardized and effective rehabilitation methods for PFP are particularly important in the future. Keywords: Patellofemoral Pain, Pathogenesis, Rehabilitation Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-40 Volume: 10 Issue: 05 Year: 2021 Month: May Number: V102021052467 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2467 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2467 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021052467.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:35-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rasel Ahmed Author-Name: Raisa Rahman Rafia Author-Name: Mohammad Abul Hossain Title: Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Acid Red 1 Adsorption on Used Black Tea Leaves from Aqueous Solution Abstract: This study presents the investigation of kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption of Acid Red 1 (AR1) from aqueous solution on used black tea leaves (UBTL) as a biosorbent. The effects of initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature on the adsorption kinetics were evaluated through batch adsorption experiments. Different kinetic model equations such as pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovic and Intra-particle diffusion were applied to the experimental data to evaluate their validity and determined their respective parameters. The results revealed that the adsorption kinetics is well described by pseudo second order kinetic equation. The equilibrium amounts adsorbed, calculated from the pseudo second order kinetic plots for different initial concentrations, were used to construct the adsorption isotherm which is well expressed by Langmuir equation compared with Freundlich one and the maximum adsorption capacity was 30.03 mg/g. Again, the equilibrium amounts adsorbed, calculated from the pseudo second order kinetic plots for different temperatures, were increased with the increase of adsorption temperature indicating the adsorption is endothermic. The calculated values of apparent activation energy (Ea = 3.35 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (∆H = +30.05 kJ/mol), entropy change (∆S = +0.119 kJ/mol) and free energy change (∆G) revealed that the adsorption of AR1 on UBTL at pH 2.0 was endothermic, spontaneous and physical in nature. The equilibrium amount adsorbed for different initial pH of solution, calculated from pseudo order kinetic plots, was found to be decreased with increase of solution pH from 2.0 to 8.0 suggesting the adsorption mechanism is dominated by electrostatic interaction between positive surface of UBTL at pH 2.0 and negative AR1 dye molecules. Keywords: Acid Red 1, Used Black Tea Leaves, Adsorption Kinetics, Thermodynamics, Mechanism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-15 Volume: 10 Issue: 06 Year: 2021 Month: June Number: V102021052469 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2469 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2469 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021062469.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:7-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mohammed Saleh Al Ansari Title: SHMP as Antiscalant for Treating Brackish Water using Reverse Osmosis Abstract: One of the most genuine issues found in desalination utilizing reverse osmosis (RO) is concentrate or administration of brine. This concentrate can be utilized as a raw material for production of minerals. The antiscalants present in the RO handle ought to be removed after the process of salt crystallization. The precipitation of the amount of sulfate and carbonate from calcium can be modulated by the antiscalants in the process of reverse osmosis. However, the modulation of calcium phosphate has not been highlighted in literature. This gap in the literature instigated us to explore the activity of the antiscalants in the scaling of calcium phosphate in the RO blocks by a mild method. Nowadays, most RO desalination plants are utilizing phosphorus-based antiscalants to prevent scaling and to realize tall layer execution, as measured by diminished transmembrane weight, salt entry, and expanded saturate stream. In any case, phosphorus antiscalants in brine disposal can be an natural issue that ought to be considered and considered when introducing a desalination plant. Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP) is reckoned excellent antiscalant agent which utilizes to deal with scaling in RO films. The sodium hexametaphosphate solution is prepared by mixing in sodium hexametaphosphate vessel and dosed to the feed water through. However, the apparatus containing sodium hexametaphosphate was highly prone to contamination by bacteria. The amount of bacteria within the apparatus after 36 days of makeup was far too high to be analysed as it reached a value of beyond Too Numerous To Count (TNTC). The polyphosphate can be transformed into orthophosphate in presence of sodium hexametaphosphate solution. The conversion is influenced by parameters like temperature, concentration and different nutrients responsible for the growth of microbes. Thus a study was conducted for the detection of free phosphate in a solution of sodium hexametaphosphate. Since hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can be generated in raw water, the use of chlorine was averted completely. The tanks and injection lines containing sodium hexametaphosphate solution was disinfected using sodium metabisulfite (SBS). The optimum concentration of sodium metabisulphate solution required for sterilization along with reducing the formation of the free phosphate was studied. The reaction of the SBS in the apparatus containing sodium hexametaphosphate solution was studied. Furthermore the interaction between the SBS with the sodium hexametaphosphate solution in connection with the Microguard Filter (MGF) influencing the efficacy and output of the RO system was studied. Keywords: Antiscalant, Sodium Metabisulfite (SBS), Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP), Reverse Osmosis (RO) Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-24 Volume: 10 Issue: 05 Year: 2021 Month: May Number: V102021052470 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2470 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2470 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021052470.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:5:p:11-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hong Ahn Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Title: Comparison of Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Potential of Four Commercial Sauces Abstract: The sauce is a type of seasoning prepared in a liquid, semiliquid, or creamy form that blends various raw materials and makes it well suited to food, but the color, flavor, and texture vary depending on the composition of the ingredients. Due to the increasing eating out habit, consumption of Western-style diet has become more common in Korea. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical and antioxidant potential of four commercial sauces. The pH value of oyster sauce (OSS) was significantly higher than the other three sauces, sweet chilli sauce (SCS), honey mustard sauce (HMS), and pork cutlet sauce (PCS). The soluble solid content was significantly highest in SCS and lowest in OSS. The lightness, redness, and yellowness values were in the order of SCS>HMS>PCS>OSS. The DPPH and superoxide anion scavenging potential were highest in SCS and HMS, respectively. However, the total flavonoid and polyphenol contents were significantly highest in PCS. The APX was significantly high in HMS followed by OSS. The other enzyme activities SOD, CAT, and PPO were significantly highest in OSS. Two sauces SCS and PCS had intermediate antioxidant enzymatic activities. Commercial sauces may vary in the physicochemical and antioxidant potential that could be considered while selecting them for consumption. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Honey Mustard Sauce, Oyster Sauce, Physicochemical Property, Pork Cutlet Sauce, Sweet Chilli Sauce Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 10 Issue: 06 Year: 2021 Month: June Number: V102021052471 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2471 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2471 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021062471.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Author-Name: Jacques Macé Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: Napoleon the First, a Corsican with Pale Skin, Clear Eyes and Red Hair: DNA Evidence for these Phenotypic Traits Abstract: Objective: We report the results we obtained on DNA concerning the colours of the face, of the eyes and of the hairs of Napoléon the First (1769-1821). Methods: His genomic DNA was previously extracted from one of her authenticated hair lock (dating from 1811). The DNA polymorphisms tested were those of the MATP gene for the skin colour, and of the rs 12913822 in intron 86 of the HERC2 for the eye colour ; for hair colour, the entire DNA sequence of the MC1-R gene was studied, in the search of alleles responsible of the red hair. Results: The genomic DNA is homozygous FF for the F374L polymorphism of the MATPgene ; consequently, Napoléon had a pale face. It is also homozygous CC for the rs12913822 polymorphism ; it results that he had a 99% probability of having clear (blue or green) eyes. The examination of the complete DNA sequence of the MC1-R gene shows the Napoléon genomic DNA is heterozygous CG for the rs1805009 polymorphism , that corresponding to the D294H mutation which is the most frequent of the three common mutations of the gene causing red hairs. Conclusions: According to results obtained on genotypic studies, Napoléon was of the phenotype : pale skin of the face, blue or grey colours of the eyes, and with red hairs. These distinctive features can be observed on a picture of Napoléon dating from 1803, and was also reported by several of the Napoléon’s contemporaries. Keywords: Napoléon the First, Genomic DNA, Predictions about Colours of the Skin, the Eyes and the Hairs Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 Year: 2021 Month: July Number: V102021062476 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2476 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2476 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021072476.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Meihuan LI Author-Name: Zhengang Zha Title: Case Report: Open Resection of Giant Tendon Sheath Giant Cell Tumor around the Ankle Abstract: Background:Tendon sheath giant cell tumor（GCT-TS） is an extremely rare tumor with highly nonspecific symptoms. It usually originates in the tendon sheath and periarticular soft tissue of the facet joint. Rarely involve the large joints that occur around the knees, ankles, elbows, and hip joints. The benign but aggressive disease progresses slowly. However, it can eventually lead to irreversible damage to the joint. Cace presensent: we briefly describe a misdiagnosed case of a giant cell tumor of the unilateral tendon sheath of the ankle joint. A 77-year-old man developed swelling in his ankle, which though mild, affected his walking gait and quality of life. At present, Conclusion:giant cell tumor of tendon sheath of ankle joint is very rare, and its clinical manifestations are not obvious, and it is often easy to be wrongly diagnosed. MRI is the best examination method to determine the scope of soft tissue destruction, and pathological examination is the most important means to diagnose giant cell tumor of tendon sheath at present. Keywords: Benign Tumour, Diagnosis, Giant Cell Tumor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-17 Volume: 10 Issue: 08 Year: 2021 Month: August Number: V102021062477 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2477 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2477 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021082477.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:14-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tao Xiangxing Author-Name: Jonathan Musonda Title: The Styles of Leadership and Project Success Relationship in the Construction Industry of Zambia Abstract: Adequate leadership is a vital key to the successful performance of any firm or business, and it is much more important to the construction industry. The main objective of this paper is to explore the relationship between different leadership style practices and project success in the Zambian construction industry. The data used in this research were derived from both primary and secondary sources. The secondary data was collected via a detailed review of related literature. The primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire aimed at 150 project and construction managers in the Zambian construction industry. However, 110 questionnaires were received representing a 73% response rate. Data from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 software. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between leadership styles and project success. Likewise, the relationship between the different leadership styles and project successes in the Zambian construction industry was investigated using Pearson Product-moment Correlation Coefficient. Findings from the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between transactional leadership and project success. The results further revealed that there is no relationship between Laissez faire leadership style and construction project success. However, the study explores the relationship between leadership styles and project success in the Zambian construction industry. The study contributes to the body of knowledge of construction leadership by providing a robust background on construction leadership style practices of project and construction managers. Keywords: Construction, Leadership Styles, Project Success, Relationship Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 10 Issue: 06 Year: 2021 Month: June Number: V102021062479 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2479 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2479 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021062479.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luis Felipe Gomes de Souza Author-Name: Livia Gabriélle Silva Carvalho Title: Perforated Acute Abdomen in a Immunossuppressed Patient due to Strongyloides stercoralis Hyperinfection Syndrome Abstract: Strongyloidiasis is caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, an endemic parasite in tropical regions of the world. The symptoms are mostly indolent and related to the gastrointestinal tract, however in immunosuppressed individuals, the disease can escalate to critical conditions due to a hyperinfection. This study aims to report a case of an elderly patient in oncologic treatment for a laryngeal cancer, who presented a perforated acute abdomen that required emergency laparotomy with an enterectomy, whose anatomopathological analysis revealed an important Strongyloides infection. Keywords: Strongyloidiasis, Hyperinfection Syndrome, Intestinal Perforation, Immunosuppression Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 10 Issue: 08 Year: 2021 Month: August Number: V102021062481 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2481 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2481 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021082481.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: Possibility to Interfere with Coronavirus RNA Replication Analyzed by Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: To be able to design vaccine or even a cure for COVID-19, it is particularly important to understand how SARS-CoV-2, as a single stranded RNA virus, is multiplied within host cells and which factors are controlling this multiplication. Here, we have analyzed the process of coronavirus RNA replication within host cell with the aim to find out the characteristics of this process. For that purpose, we have utilized the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which is biophysical model capable of identifying parameters (frequencies) related to specific macromolecular (protein, DNA, RNA) functions and/or interactions. The RRM model is unique with its capability to directly analyze interactions between amino acid macromolecules (proteins) and nucleotide macromolecules (DNA, RNA). Using the RRM model, we have identified parameters that characterize two steps in coronavirus RNA replication i.e., initiation of replication and replication by itself. These parameters can be used in our future research to design peptides, that will be able to interfere with either or both of those processes. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, Coronavirus RNA Replication, Resonant Recognition Model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-28 Volume: 10 Issue: 06 Year: 2021 Month: June Number: V102021062482 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2482 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2482 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021062482.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:6:p:22-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Crysanthus Andrew Author-Name: Odiba John Oko Author-Name: Raphael Odoh Author-Name: Idzi Amos Ambo Author-Name: Baba Nwuniji Hikon Title: Nutrient, Antinutrient and Sugar Contents in Desert Date (Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del) Seed and Pulp Abstract: This study focuses on the nutrient, antinutrient and sugar contents of (desert date) Balanites aegyptiaca seed and pulp collected from north–east Nigeria. Proximate, mineral, amino acid, antinutrient and sugar compositions were determined using standard analytical techniques. The calculated parameters were metabolized energy, mineral safety index (MSI), mineral ratios of some minerals, isoelectric point (pI), predicted protein efficiency ratio (P–PER) and leucine to isoleucine ratio. The results showed that seed was very rich in crude protein and crude fat with values of 30.80 and 45.53 g/100 g dry weight basis, respectively whereas, the pulp had values of 8.36 and 5.10 g/100 g dw for the same parameters. The following were observed as the most concentrated minerals: P (312.72 and 138.62 mg/100 g dw), Na (58.49 and 47.65 mg/100 g dw) and Ca (48.57 and 40.26 mg/100 g dw) for seed and pulp, respectively. Other minerals analyzed in the samples had values less than 15.0 mg/100 g. No mineral had deleterious value in the MSI. Amino acid analysis of seed and pulp showed concentrations of TAA (63.21 and 42.62 g/100 g cude protein), TEAA (26.19 and 21.88 g/100 g cp) and TNEAA ((26.19 and 21.88 g/100 g cp). Leucine (7.30 g/100 g cp) and Arg (3.69 g/100 g cp) were the most concentrated essential amino acids in seed and pulp. The phytate, tannin and oxalate concentrations were higher in seed compared with that of the pulp. All the sugars were of low levels. Generally, Balanites aegyptiaca seed and pulp contained nutritive minerals and sufficient proportions of EAAs however, dietary formula based on samples of the seed and pulp will require EAAs supplementation except in Leu, TSAA and Phe + Tyr of the seed. Likewise, the high contents of some of the antinutrients may pose a nutritional problem in their consumption. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Seed, Pulp, Proximate, Minerals, Amino Acids, Antinutrients, Sugars Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-21 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 Year: 2021 Month: July Number: V102021062484 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2484 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2484 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021072484.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:12-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Peace Lydia Ajine Author-Name: Mary Omolola Omosebi Author-Name: Nasirudeen Muhammed Baba Author-Name: Jude Chinedu Onwuka Author-Name: Saratu Stephen Audu Author-Name: Bathiya Samuel Shuaibu Title: Lipid Profiles and Health Promoting Uses of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Abstract: Humans are in–separately linked to the existence of vegetables, as they are the source of several bio–products essential for the survival of the animal kingdom. The importance of vegetables from the point of view of the food industry is determined by their complex chemical content that is important to the human body and this includes organic substances (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and organic acids). This study examines comparatively the levels of lipid compositions in the samples of dried carrot (Daucus carota L) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L). The fatty acid, phospholipid and sterol compositions were determined from the samples using Gas Chromatography method. The most concentrated fatty acid (%) was linoleic acid (C18:2) (54.04 and 57.62) and the least was arachidic acid (C20:0) (0.01 and 0.01) for Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus, respectively. The result showed the quality parameters of fatty acids investigated in the Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus samples as: SFA (23.36 and 20.15 %); MUFA (15.27 and 15.5 %); PUFA (60.37 and 64.58 %); DUFA (54.04 and 57.62 %); TUFA (75.64 and 79.83 %); MUFA/SFA (0.63 and 0.76 %); PUFA/SFA (2.87 and 3.47 %); O/L (0.23 and 0.23 %). The total phospholipid contents present in the Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus were 546.11 and 594.51 mg/100 g while that of phytosterols were 366.16 and 376.69 mg/100 g, respectively. Phosphatidycholine has the highest content in both samples (265.80 and 283.64 mg/100 g). The concentrations of phytosterols were very low except in sitosterol (198.71 and 200.53 mg/100 g), stig–masterol (118.42 and 120.39) and campesterol (34.48 and 34.44 mg/100 g) for the Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus samples, respectively. This study revealed that Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus have high values of UFA that make them a special kind of vegetables for nutritional and health applications, and may be a good source of phytosterols. Keywords: Daucus carota, Cucumis sativus, Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Sterols Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-29 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 Year: 2021 Month: July Number: V102021062485 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2485 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2485 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021072485.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:22-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Sanouna Abdoulkarimou Author-Name: Soumana Boubacar Author-Name: Moumouni Hassane Author-Name: Adam Toudou Author-Name: Idrissa Saidou Mahamadou Title: Prospective Study of Impact of Malaria on Aricultural Production in Tillaberi Departement, Malaria and Agricultural Production in Niger Abstract: In developing countries, poor agricultural performance is largely responsible for the recurring phenomenon of food insecurity. Crops have low productivity due to many constraints not only socioeconomic but also biotic and abiotic. Research has shown that productivity is influenced by health, and the present study specifically analyzes the impact of malaria on agricultural production of households in the river valley. This article provides the results of a prospective cohort study. A total of 180 households were followed over a period of one year. The study shows that malaria affects the performance of agricultural households. In fact the negative impact of malaria on irrigated production is statically significant (P=0.000) there is a strong negative correlation between malaria and irrigated production (-0.757). In other hand the relative risk (3.17) calculated in the 95% confidence interval (CI) shows the presence of a positive association between catastrophic expenditure and agricultural yield with a value of P (12.10-7) which is significantly lower at 0.001. The average cumulative incidence of malaria in Households and the period during which the sick leave occurred also influences the performance. Keywords: Prospective, Farm Households, Production, Malaria, Tillabéry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 30-35 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 Year: 2021 Month: July Number: V102021062491 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2491 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2491 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021072491.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:30-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: Analysis of Delta (Indian) Variant of SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity using Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: This manuscript is continuation of our previous work, where we have analyzed different variants of SARS-CoV-2 virus (UK, South African, Brazilian, and Indian (Kappa)) using Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which is biophysical model capable to analyze protein function and interaction. We have previously identified correlation between infectivity of these SARS-CoV-2 virus variants with strength of signal at RRM characteristic frequencies for each variant. Here, we have extended this analysis for Delta (Indian) SARS-CoV-2 virus variant, which is extremely infectious and is rapidly spreading around the World. Our results with Delta (Indian) variant are in complete agreement with our previous RRM proposition that viral infectivity is proportional to strength of signal at RRM characteristic frequency. These results can explain why Delta (Indian) variant is more infectious. With strong correlation obtained in all these examples, we can propose here that RRM model can be used as general tool to analyze infectivity of mutated virus variants. Keywords: Delta Variant of SARS-CoV-2, Prediction of Infectivity, Resonant Recognition Model, COVID-19 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-11 Volume: 10 Issue: 07 Year: 2021 Month: July Number: V102021072495 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2495 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2495 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021072495.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:7:p:6-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zeng Meng Title: Research on China’s Interactive Mechanism between Higher Education of Law and Senior High School Education Abstract: The reform of China’s college entrance examination requires the transformation of the educational concept from "examination-oriented education" to "professional talent training", which challenges the ability of high school teachers and students to collect and process information about majors and related industries. However, due to the limitation of high school education resources, its subject career guidance cannot break through the information barrier independently, which provides an opportunity for universities to carry out vertical inter-school cooperation and seek multi-dimensional interests under the systematic cultivation of law talents. The interaction mechanism is designed based on the demand characteristics of high school students, vertical cooperation management docking mode, and information exchange community. On this basis, it includes the annual practice of legal practice experience, sharing of graduate school level scientific research projects, moot court, legal clinic, one-way annual lecture, alumni return visit, undergraduate classroom experience, and other forms of activities. Although the development of interactive mechanism needs decentralization and incentive, only by being supervised, fully protecting students' rights and interests, and respecting education fairness can it exist in the long run. Keywords: Higher Education of Law, Senior High School Education, Vertical Inter-school Cooperation, Reform of College Entrance Examination, Subject Career Guidance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-9 Volume: 10 Issue: 08 Year: 2021 Month: August Number: V102021072496 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2496 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2496 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021082496.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:4-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Leo G. Sapogin Author-Name: Andrey Anatoly Kostin Title: Possible Reconsilation of Unitary Quantum Theory and General Relativity Abstract: The authors discuss contradictions between the principal branches of the modern physical picture of the universe. Space and time have been shown in the Unitary Quantum Theory (UQT) not to be connected one with the other, unlike in the Special Theory of Relativity. In UQT, time becomes Newtonian again, and the growth of the particle’s mass with growing speed proceeds from other considerations of physics. Unlike the quantum theory, the modern gravitation theory (the general theory of relativity) is not confirmed by experiments and needs to be considerably revised. Keywords: Unitary Quantum Theory, General Relativity, Special Relativity, Maxwell Equations, Lorentz Transformations, equation of John Wheeler and Bryce DeWitt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-13 Volume: 10 Issue: 08 Year: 2021 Month: August Number: V102021082499 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2499 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2499 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021082499.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:8:p:10-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Author-Name: Franz Jullien Title: Studies on the Presumed Cranium of the French Knight Bayard (1473?-1524) Abstract: We have studied by classic anatomical methods the presumed cranium of Bayard (1473?-1524), who was a famous French knight. This cranium is of male gender, aged of at least 50 years old, and of European origin. There are five main characteristics of this cranium : brachygnathy ; elevated height of the mandibular corpus ; a non-protruding and squared osseous chin (on the mandible) ; lepteny ; a long nose with a bump. All these five characteristics are effectively observed on the face of the official (that of Gariel) Bayard’s drawing, which indicates that it is well the Bayard cranium. We have modelled, with the FaceGen programme, the characteristic deviation (of about ten degrees towards the left) of the nose point. Keywords: Bayard (1473?-1524) Cranium, Anatomical Study, Comparisons with the Face of Bayard’s Drawing, Deviation Towards the Left of the Nose Point, FaceG en Programme Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-11 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 Year: 2021 Month: September Number: V102021082501 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2501 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2501 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021092501.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:6-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ligia Yumi Suzuki Moitinho Author-Name: Livia Fratelli Author-Name: Livia Tomita Goncalves Author-Name: Gabriel de Azambuja Beigin Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Recurrent Priapism in Adolescent with Sickle Cell Anemia: What to do? Abstract: In this report, we present a case of an adolescent with sickle cell anemia and a history of recurring ischemic priapism. Thirty-two hours after the onset of priapism, the patient was submitted to drainage, washing with an adrenaline solution, local ice, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and tadalafil (5 mg/day). However, However, tumescence remained and corpus cavernosum-corpus spongiosum shunt was performed. Such patients should be treated at a specialized medical center to avoid complications, such as diminished erectile function and dissatisfaction with one’s sex life in the future. Although the early implantation of a penile prosthesis can avoid further episodes of priapism, there is no consensus in the literature on the indication of a penile implant for individuals less than 18 years of age. Keywords: Priapism, Ischemic Priapism, Sickle Cell Anemia, Penile Prosthesis, Corpus Cavernosum-Corpus Spongiosum Shunt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-5 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 Year: 2021 Month: September Number: V102021082502 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2502 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2502 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021092502.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:4-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lígia Fonseca Orlando Author-Name: Marina Telles Peramos Author-Name: Letícia Margaria Peres Author-Name: Ana Beatriz Souza de Oliveria Author-Name: Natalia Kokubo de Marchi Author-Name: Eduardo Vilela de Andrade Author-Name: Gabriel Mendes Avilez Author-Name: Isaac Bicalho de Souza Author-Name: Pedro Henrique Cruz Farina Author-Name: Pedro Rodrigues Silva Author-Name: José Carlos Lopes Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Prevalence of Medical Students Who Use Contraceptive Methods Abstract: The use of contraceptive methods is of extreme importance to family planning and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Such infections are transmitted through sexual (vaginal, anal and oral) contact and can be prevented with the adequate use of a condom. The present cross-sectional study was conducted with medical students at a teaching institution in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, involving the application of an online questionnaire for the analysis of the type of contraceptive method and reasons for the choice of method. The prevalence of contraceptive methods during the first sexual relation was 86.9%; 7.59% of the women and 13.2% of the men who answered the questionnaire reported not using contraceptive methods during the first relation. Regarding current sexual relations, 70.2% of the students who declared an active sex life reported using a male condom and 4.3% reported using a female condom, which are important contraceptive methods that also serve for the prevention of STIs. In conclusion, the majority of medical students had initiated a sexual life and used contraceptive methods beginning with the first relation. The male condom was the most widely used among the respondents, followed by anti-conceptional methods. Keywords: Contraceptive Methods, STI, Students, Prevalence Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 Year: 2021 Month: September Number: V102021082503 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2503 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2503 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021092503.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: José Eduardo Nogueira Forni Author-Name: Stefan Corniani Aran Author-Name: João Pedro Passos Godinho Author-Name: Wahi Jalikji Title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Schatzker V Tibial Plateau Fractures Treated with Locking Plate in a University Hospital Abstract: This study analyzes the cost-effectiveness of the locking plate in grade V tibial plateau fractures in a university hospital. A retrospective study was conducted in patients with Schatzker V tibial plateau fracture. Patients were randomly divided into control (conventional plate, n = 10) and study (locking plate, n = 10) groups. Visual analog scale for pain intensity and WOMAC index were assessed. Total cost of surgery paid by the hospital and the amount paid by the public healthcare system for hospitalization were studied. Among the studied patients, 75% were males, 15% had exposed fracture, 70% used external fixator prior to osteosynthesis, and 10% presented infection. A significant difference in pain intensity was found between the groups (p = 0.0047), with less pain in the study group. WOMAC index was significantly lower in the study group (p = 0.0170). Mean surgery time and mean hospital stay were greater in the control group, but the differences were non-significant (p = 0.2051 and 0.8065, respectively). Total cost of surgery paid by the hospital was lower in the control group. Amount paid by the public healthcare system was higher in the control group. Total cost was lower in the control group. Two of the patients (control group) were reoperated within 30 days of the postoperative period. Thus, total cost of treatment was higher in the control group. Treatment for grade V tibial plateau fractures with a lateral locking plate proved to be more cost effective than treatment with a conventional a double plate and two access points. Keywords: Tibial Plateau Fracture, Bone Plates, Treatment, Costs and Costs Analysis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-16 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 Year: 2021 Month: September Number: V102021092506 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2506 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2506 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021092506.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:12-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luísa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Laísa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Ana Clara Nagle Spessoto Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Title: Giant Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Pleura in Patient Submitted to Surgical Treatment Abstract: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is a rare tumor of an unknown cause and corresponds to 5% of all pleural tumors. It is generally asymptomatic and discovered incidentally through imaging exams. The definitive diagnosis is based on histopathological findings and treatment is surgical. This paper describes the case of a previously healthy female patient with a tumor mass at the base of the left lung. Keywords: Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue, Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural, Pleural Neoplasms Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 Month: October Number: V102021092507 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2507 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2507 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021102507.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:10:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruhama Yoseph Title: Retrospective Analysis of Breast Cancer Cases Operated in Jush within Four Years Time Period, Jimma, Ethiopia Abstract: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. It is also the commonest cancer affecting women with also highest cancer related death rate. However due to the poor cancer registry in developing countries the exact magnitude of the problem is not known. In Ethiopia breast cancer is the second most common cancer next to cervical cancer. The fact that Sub-Saharan African has peculiar epidemiological trends of breast cancer has drawn the attention of many to the region. These peculiar features include relatively younger age of affected women, high mortality rates and triple-negativity of the cancer. Additionally, a poor association with life time estrogen exposure has been observed. Despite the generally observed great burden of breast cancer, Ethiopia is one of the countries where the clinical and pathological characteristics of the cancer are not well researched. This study tries to fill this information gap by studying the situation observed in JUSH, which is the highest referral center available for Southwestern part of the country. The general objective of this study was to retrospectively determine demographic characteristics of patients, risk factors, clinical presentation and pathological description of the breast cancers, the modes of treatment given for breast cancer among cases operated at JUSH from September 11, 2010 to September 10, 2014 GC. The study was conducted in JUSH from August 6-14, 2015 GC and cross-sectional study design was used. The study population was those patients with diagnosis of breast cancer who are electively operated at JUSH from September 11, 2010 to September 10, 2014 GC according to the operation log book in the operating theatre. Data was collected from patients’ charts on a structured questionnaire that was filled by the principal investigator. Collected data was cleared, checked and stored. Data analysis was done on computer with the help of SPSS 16.0 program. Through-out the study confidentiality of information was respected. Letters of ethical clearance were obtained from the CBE office of JU before the start of the study. The result of study showed a number of peculiar features which included higher rate of male breast cancer (10.4%), younger than 50 years distribution of majority of female patients (68%), the presence of protective gynecologic & reproductive factors to breast cancer in the majority of the affected women, and late presentation of patients. Majority of patients were having advanced breast cancer (Stage III & IV disease in 76.8%) and high percentage of nodal involvement (90.7%). Despite these findings detailed pathological characterization of the tumor has not been effected and information on receptor positivity status of the cancers is lacking. Additionally, the percentage of patients who pursued adjuvant therapy after surgical management was found to be very low (14.7%). In conclusion, the epidemiological trend of breast cancer patients seen at JUSH within the mentioned four years’ time period was found to have major epidemiological deviations from trends that were seen in the world. The unfortunate late presentation of patients is also manifested by advanced stages of disease at diagnosis that theoretically is beyond curability. Prospective studies focusing on the epidemiology of breast cancer and further characterization of tumor biology & genetics should be performed in the future. Moreover, clinicians, public health workers and policy makers should work on increasing the awareness towards breast cancer, introduction of breast self-examination techniques and launching of effective breast cancer screening programs. Keywords: Breast Cancer, Ethiopia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-21 Volume: 10 Issue: 10 Year: 2021 Month: October Number: V102021092510 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2510 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2510 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021102510.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:10:p:4-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: S. Klu Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Author-Name: W. K. Hordzi Title: Impact of Blended Approach on Second Year Home Economics Students’ Biology Practical Achievement in Two Districts of Oti Region, Ghana Abstract: The study determines the impact of Blended Approach as a pedagogical tool in teaching Second Year Home Economics students in three schools obtained from two districts within Oti Region. The selection of the three schools was based on the fact that the schools had at least two Home Economics Second Year classes and as well showed poor performance in biology practicals during the diagnostic stage of the study. In all, 164 Second Year Home Economics students representing six intact classes with three experimental groups and three control groups were sampled from the three schools. The research design employed was quasi-experimental design using pretest-posttest nonequivalent design. A 30-item test captioned as ‘SKbBPCT’ and ‘HESAPBT’ for pretest-posttest respectively were administered on students to generate data for analysis. Data generated was analysed using ANCOVA in SPSS version 25. The study revealed that Bleeded Approach which involved the use of TLA and MLA to teach Home Economics Second Year students biology practicals had positive significant impact on their achievement scores. Keywords: Multimedia Laboratory Approach (MLA), Traditional Laboratory Approach (TLA), Opportunity-to-learn (OTL) Practical Content Knowledge (PCK), Practical Pedagogical Knowledge (PPK), Teacher-Student Learning Support (TSLS), Home Economics Students Achievement in Practical Biology Test (HESAPBT), Students Knowledge in basic Biology Practical Concept Test (SKbBPCT) Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-31 Volume: 10 Issue: 09 Year: 2021 Month: September Number: V102021092515 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2515 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2515 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021102515.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:9:p:22-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Wisut Chamsa-ard Author-Name: Derek Fawcett Author-Name: Chun Che Fung Author-Name: Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern Title: The Addition of Graphene Oxide to Enhance the Photo-Thermal Performance of a Premier Organic Heat Transfer Oil Abstract: The present study investigated the improvement in photothermal response and temperature enhancement of a commercially available organic thermal oil when small quantities of graphene oxide (0.1 to 0.3% w/v) were added. Characterisation studies revealed the ultrasonic processing procedure did not change the chemical composition of the organic oil, which was found to be thermally stable up to 175 °C before complete decomposition at 315 °C. When the GO-based fluids were exposed to a solar irradiance of 985 Wm-2, the temperature enhancements achieved over the exposure period of 20 minutes typically ranged from 42.4 to 43.2%. The temperature enhancements achieved indicate the GO-based fluids have the potential to be used in direct-absorption solar collectors for improved performance. Keywords: Graphene Oxide, Photo-Thermal, Direct-Absorption, Solar Collectors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 21-23 Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Year: 2021 Month: December Number: V102021102521 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2521 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2521 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021122521.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:21-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lucotte Gérard Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Author-Name: Stephan Borensztajn Title: The Medallion of Dr Rémy Guillard (1799-1869) Contains Well Epidermis of Napoléon the First Abstract: Objective: We report results obtained on mtDNA sequence of the epidermal cells contained in the Guillard medallion. Methods: SEM-EDX analyses and DNA sequence of mtDNA obtained from the epidermal cells were realized. Results: The epidermal cells (keratinocytes) are well conserved. The mtDNA HVS1 sequence obtained from them comprises the 16184 T mutation only, which is highly characteristic of Napoléon the First. Keywords: Guillard Medallion, SEM-EDX Analysis, Keratinocytes, mtDNA 16184T Mutation, Napoléon the First Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 10 Issue: 11 Year: 2021 Month: November Number: V102021112525 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2525 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2525 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021112525.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:11:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jinpei Yang Author-Name: Pan Zhou Author-Name: Shuai Zheng Author-Name: Shuangjiang Liu Author-Name: Xueshi Li Author-Name: Genlong Jiao Title: Klippel Feil Syndrome with Sprengel Deformity: A Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: Klippel-Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare disorder characterized by the presence of congenital fusion of at least 2 cervical vertebrae.Patients with KFS often have a variety of congenital malformations, with Sprengel deformity being the most common.The etiology of KFS and Sprengel deformity is still unclear. A thorough evaluation and workup of the patient can help in the diagnosis of the disease. Because of different degrees of pathological changes and deformities, the treatments are quite different among all patients. In this review, we report the treatment course and prognosis of a patient with KFS and Sprengel deformity, aiming to provide a reference for the clinical management of this disease based on our treatment experience and literature review. Keywords: Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Sprengel Deformity Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-9 Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Year: 2021 Month: December Number: V102021112530 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2530 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2530 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021122530.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:6-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Georges Yannick Fangue-Yapseu Author-Name: Romaric Armel Mouafo-Tchinda Author-Name: Sévérin Donald Kamdem Author-Name: michael Fomekong Kenne Author-Name: Pierre Effa Onomo Author-Name: Pierre-François Djocgoué Title: Raw Extracts of Wild Plants Improve the Agronomic and Biochemical Quality of Tomato Fruits (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Abstract: This study aimed to determine the effect of 10 and 15% concentrations of Azadirachta indica oil (v/v) and Tithonia diversifolia and Thevetia peruviana liquid manure (w/v) on some key characteristics of tomato fruits. For this purpose, the extracts were sprayed on the tomato plants every two weeks until the fruits were harvested. The results show that the 15% T. diversifolia mash had the most significant positive impact (p < 0.05) on the size, weight, and ability of tomato fruits to protect DNA from denaturation. Indeed, compared to fruits harvested from untreated plants, this treatment increased the surface area by 75.38%, the weight by 72.74%, and the protective capacity of fruits against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA denaturation by 82.96%. On the other hand, the highest lycopene content was obtained with A. indica at 10% (139.13 ± 4.35 μg/g MF), and that of phenols was observed with T. peruviana at 10% (31.07 ± 1.06 mg eq catechin/g MF). Also, there is a positive and significant correlation (p < 0.05) between phenol content and DPPH (2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) free radical scavenging activities of tomato fruits. Thus, this study shows that wild plant extracts are able to improve fruit quality. Keywords: Wild plant extract, Tomato, Lycopene, Phenols, Antiradical activity, DNA Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-20 Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Year: 2021 Month: December Number: V102021112533 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2533 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2533 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021122533.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:14-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jae-il Kwon Title: Comparison of Quantity Characteristics and Antioxidant Potentials of Different Tea Extracts for In-flight Beverage Abstract: Tea is a famous non-alcoholic beverage worldwide. Various types of tea are prepared to meet the demand of different people. Among the various tea types, green tea (GTE), black tea (BTE), and Pu-erh tea (PEE) are major ones. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant potential of three tea extracts to be considered as an in-flight beverage. The pH (5.62) of GTE was significantly highest whereas the titratable acidity (0.18 g/100 mL) was significantly highest in BTE. The highest lightness value was found in GTE (87.12) and redness and yellowness in BTE (30.15 and 85.32). The amount of total free amino acid was significantly highest in PEE (174.52 g/ mL), followed by GTE (31.28 g/ mL) and BTE (24.98 g/ mL). Similarly, the antioxidant potential of PEE was significantly high among the three tea extracts. The results indicated that Pu-erh tea could be a good in-flight beverage. Keywords: Antioxidant Potential, Black Tea, Green Tea, In-flight Beverage, Pu-erh Tea Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Year: 2021 Month: December Number: V102021122539 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2539 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2539 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021122539.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aydan Mohnatova Title: Is Natural Resource Wealth a ‘Blessing’ or a ‘Curse’ for Economic Growth? Abstract: Due to research and debate over this topic, studies have shown that a dependency on resources weaken economies and then in turn lead them to have a toll on human development index, nourishment of the population, life expectancy or availability of water (Bulte, Damania, and Robert T. Deacon 2005). Keywords: Natural Resource, Economic Growth Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-13 Volume: 10 Issue: 12 Year: 2021 Month: December Number: V102021122540 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2540 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2540 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V102021122540.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:10:y:2021:i:12:p:10-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Ipuole Emmanuel Achuri Author-Name: S. C. Ortutu Author-Name: Mary Omolola Omosebi Author-Name: Abdullahi Usman Author-Name: O. J. Oko Author-Name: Lawrencia Labaran Title: Lipid Composition of Germinated and Non-Germinated Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Found in Nasarawa State, Nigeria Abstract: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an underutilized oil-bearing seed found in Nigeria. The fatty acid, phospholipids and phytosterols composition of germinated and non-germinated seed of Sorghum bicolor were evaluated using standard analytical techniques. The result showed that the most concentrated fatty acids (%) found in the geminated and non-germinated oils were linoleic acid (41.16, 59.45), oleic acid (33.80, 23.05), palmitic acid (18.20, 10.68) and stearic acid (2.35, 1.72). The fatty acids composition of the germinated and non-germinated oils contained a healthy mixture of all the types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The polyunsaturated/saturated index (P/S) was 2.12 % and 3.82 % for germinated and non-germinated oils, respectively. The most prominent phospholipids (mg/100 g) found in the germinated seed oil was phosphatidylcholine (23.86) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (9.22) and phosphatidylinositol (9.08) while the most prominent in the non-germinated seed oil was phosphatidylcholine (32.39) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (13.03) and lysophosphatidylcholine (13.07). The high value of phosphatidylcholine showed that Sorghum bicolor may help in protecting the liver from disease and hepatitis. The total phytosterols for germinated and non-germinated were (45.93 mg/100 g and 56.69 mg/100 g), respectively. This suggests that Sorghum bicolor lipid is a good source of food supplement or dietary and health benefits to human. Keywords: Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Phytosterols, Germinated, Non-Germinated, Sorghum bicolor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 22-27 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V102021122541 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2541 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2541 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012541.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:22-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: Halima Eshi Ibrahim Author-Name: Jude Chinedu Onwuka Author-Name: Abel Uche Augustine Author-Name: Yahaya Yakubu Ishaleku Title: Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Some Commonly Sold Fruits in Lafia City Modern Market Abstract: Levels of nickel, zinc, arsenic, copper, lead, cadmium, chromium, iron, mercury and selenium were determined in mango (Magnifera indica), cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and pawpaw (Carica papaya) sold in Modern Market (Central Market) of Lafia City, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The study also assessed the potential health risks from the consumption of these fruits. The samples were randomly collected at two different times for one month interval, processed and analyzed for heavy metals using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The result showed that the mean metal concentrations recorded for mango, cucumber and pawpaw in the decreasing order were: Cd < As < Pb < Cr < Hg < Se < Ni < Zn < Cu < Fe, Cd < As < Hg < Pb < Cr < Se < Ni < Cu < Zn< Fe and Hg < Ni < Cd < As < Pb < Cr < Se < Zn < Cu < Fe, respectively. Generally, the highest mean metal concentration in all the fruit samples was Fe. The average daily intake (ADI) values indicate that all the heavy metals in the fruit samples are below the permissible limits as endorsed by WHO/FAO. Also, hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard indices (HI) values do not exceed unity. Therefore, none of the fruit samples under investigation poses any health risks to the consumers as their HI was less than 1. Keywords: Mango, Cucumber, Pawpaw, ADI, HQ, HI Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-33 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V102021122542 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2542 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2542 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012542.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:28-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. O. Aremu Author-Name: John Agaji Okpele Author-Name: Hashim Ibrahim Author-Name: S. C. Ortutu Author-Name: Mohammed Alhaji Mohammed Author-Name: Rasaq Bolakale Salau Title: Comparative Studies on Nutrient and Anti–nutrient Composition of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) are underutilized root vegetable and fruit belonging to the Apiaceae and Cucurbitaceae family, respectively. A comparative study was carried out on proximate composition, amino acid profile and anti–nutritional factors of Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus. The proximate composition values (%) for Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus were found to be as follows: Moisture (5.06 and 4.39), ash (7.75 and 15.26), crude fat (6.09 and 4.83), crude fibre (13.04 and 18.25), crude protein (9.39 and 14.39) and carbohydrate by difference (58.67 and 42.90). The calculated fatty acids and metabolizable energy values were 4.87 and 3.86%; 1382.35 and 1152.64 kJ 100/g, respectively. The amino acid profiles revealed that Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids. The total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA) (with His), total sulphur amino acid (TSAA) and essential aromatic amino acid (EArAA) for the Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus samples were 82.36 and 64.14; 22.93 and 30.11; 1.26 and 1.71; 2.13 and 2.66, respectively. However, supplementation of essential amino acids is required in a dietary formula based on the flour samples of Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus when comparing the EAAs in this report with the recommended FAO/WHO provisional pattern. The first limiting EAA in both samples was Met and Cys (TSAA). The antinutrient contents of Daucus carota and Cucumis sativus were also found to be as follows: Oxalate (241.67 and 142.45 mg/100 g), saponin (0.22 and 0.91%), alkaloids (2.85 and 2.23%), tannins (329.03 and 254.45 mg/100 g), cyanide (4.01 and 3.03 mg/100 g) and phytate (616.41 and 349.62 mg/100 g). These antinutritional factors have been shown to be deleterious to health or evidently advantageous to human and animal health if consumed at appropriate amounts. Keywords: Daucus carota, Cucumis sativus, Nutrient, Anti–Nutrient, Amino Acid Analyzer Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-21 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V102021122543 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2543 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2543 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012543.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:13-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junlong Hou Author-Name: Shaojie He Author-Name: Zhizhong Li Title: Research Progress of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spinal Surgery in Lumbar Spine Abstract: Percutaneous spinal endoscopy is rapidly popularized in China because of its advantages of small surgical side injury and fast postoperative recovery. However, this technology is usually operated in a single channel, which has the disadvantages of limited surgical field of vision, small range of instrument activities and low work efficiency. In unilateral double channel spinal endoscopic surgery, one channel is equipped with endoscope and flushing function at the same time, and the other channel is used for the operation of surgical instruments. Compared with the previous single channel, it has the advantages of larger surgical field of vision, more flexible instrument operation, shorter learning curve, the use of traditional open surgical instruments familiar to the operator, and fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times. This paper analyzes the current situation and clinical value of its clinical application in lumbar diseases. Keywords: Lumbar Spine, Endoscopy, Surgery, Minimally Invasive, Literature Review Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 34-37 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V102021122544 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2544 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2544 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012544.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:34-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hannaniah Shenia Zephaniah Author-Name: Yusufu Dawoye Author-Name: Kingsley Audu Author-Name: Stephen Olaide Aremu Title: Determination of Pesticide Residues in Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) Tubers Grown with Perfect Killer Insecticide, and their Effects on Growth Indices and Proximate Composition. Abstract: Recent advancement in agriculture and the need for higher production to combat hunger and poverty has led to increased use of pesticides. Perfect killer insecticide is a highly used pesticide in some regions of Nigeria in yam production that is labeled to contain only chlorpyrifos (20%) as active component. Current studies have reported the accumulation of various pesticides in food products which have raised many health issues. In this study, seedlings of yam tubers (D. rotundata) were treated with perfect killer insecticide prior to planting. Growth parameters, chlorophylls content and proximate composition were determined. A total of eleven (11) residues were detected in the treated tubers while only three (3) were found in the control. The pesticide had no significant effect on chlorophylls. The results suggest that Perfect killer insecticide is a combination of different pesticides; and as such, consumption of crops grown with it is unsafe. Keywords: Pesticide, Perfect Killer, Insecticide, Residues, Active Components, Yam Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-14 Volume: 11 Issue: 02 Year: 2022 Month: February Number: V112022012547 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2547 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2547 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022022547.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:9-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ian T. Jones Author-Name: Chance O'Lansen Author-Name: Danielle E. Deros Author-Name: Megan E. Baker Author-Name: Emery K. Thackerson Author-Name: James W. Grice Title: Parting with the Past: Logical Conceptualizations and Replications of Vengefulness in Males Abstract: Lin and Frank (2016) failed to replicate findings from a study on self-reflection and vengeance conducted by Exline and colleagues (2008), which reported that males who self-reflected upon their potential for wrongdoing were less likely to seek revenge than males who did not self-reflect. Using novel data methods on Lin and Frank’s data, Grice and colleagues (2017) discovered a multivariate profile that successfully differentiated between the groups of men. The present studies further assess the replicability of Exline and colleagues’ (2008) and Grice and colleagues’ (2017) work. Study 1 failed to replicate any of the findings. Studies 2 and 3 investigate explanations for the failed replications by modifying item response format. Implications and explanations for the unsuccessful replications are discussed. Keywords: Forgiveness, Vengefulness, Perspective Taking, Interpersonal Relationships Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-28 Volume: 11 Issue: 02 Year: 2022 Month: February Number: V112022012548 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2548 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2548 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022022548.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:15-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Samuel Olusegun Itodo Author-Name: Paul O. Okonkwo Author-Name: Asalu Adedayo Author-Name: Emmanuel Olumuyiwa Onifade Author-Name: Nwoke Obinna Chidubem Author-Name: Stephen Olaide Aremu Author-Name: Onyekachi Ezekiel Ekowo Author-Name: Anonde Chinedu Matthew Author-Name: Joseph Aondowase Mamfe Title: Fear of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) to HAART among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in FMC, Makurdi, North Central, Nigeria Abstract: Aim and Objective: To evaluate the fear of ADRs to HAART among adult HIV patients who enrolled in free HIV care in Makurdi, Northcentral, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was conducted among adult naive HIV-positive patients attending HIV clinic at Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Makurdi, Northcentral, Nigeria. We employed structured questionnaires and records from patients’ folders and databases to obtain appropriate information (gathered by experts who were key-informant interviewers in conjunction with trained HIV counselors) about the various types of fears exhibited by adult HIV patients at the initiation of ART. Study participants were drawn from the population of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Makurdi and its environs using 150 recruited patients. Results: Of the 150 respondents who participated in the study, forty (40) were males (M) and one hundred and ten (110) were females (F); ratio1M/2.75F. The majority of the respondents were in the low socio-economic class (62%). While 31.3% of the respondents stopped at secondary school level, 33.3% of them had post-secondary education. Fear ADRs to HAART was reported by 19(12.67%) patients. This was only superseded by fears related to both the direct and indirect cost of treatment, majorly the fear of not having enough money to maintain self while on ARVs, 39 (26%) and the fear of inability to pay their children’s school fees, 29(19.33%). Conclusion: The study revealed that fear of ADRs to HAART, apart from fear of stigmatization and the psychological trauma accompanying this illness, is being expressed by HIV-positive patients. This could be a major barrier to enrolment into free HIV care services among PLWHA. Further studies, therefore, may be needed in this area to ascertain the contribution of fear of ADRs to HAART as barrier to enrolment. Health care providers (HCPs) should help allay the fear of ADRs to HAART among PLWHA to achieve optimum enrolment into free HIV/AIDS care in Makurdi. Keywords: Anti-retroviral Drugs, People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), Clients Fear, HIV Patients, Barriers, Middle Belt Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 39-45 Volume: 11 Issue: 02 Year: 2022 Month: February Number: V112022012549 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2549 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2549 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022022549.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:39-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Author-Name: Dong-Young Im Title: Quality Characteristics of Germinated Radish Seeds Treated with Illite Clay Abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus L.), a member of the cruciferous vegetable family, has been used as a medicinal food for a number of ailments. Radish contains a wide variety of phytochemicals that show antioxidative, antimutagenic, antiproliferative properties and functions in the induction of detoxification enzymes. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of illite treatment on the yield and nutrient value of radish sprouts. The yield, color appearance, and total mineral content of many of the illite-applied radish sprouts were improved compared to the control. Overall, lower concentrations of illite were found to be more appropriate to enhance the yield and nutritional values of radish sprouts. Keywords: Amino Acid, Illite, Mineral, Radish Sprout, Yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-12 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V112022012550 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2550 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2550 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012550.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:7-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Il-Doo Kim Author-Name: Dong-Young Im Author-Name: Jae-il Kwon Title: Effect of Illite Treatment on the Yield and Quality Characteristics of Germinated Carrot Seeds Abstract: Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is an economically important vegetable crop that contains several health-promoting phytochemicals. Carrot seed extracts help in cardio-protection, muscle contraction regulation, regulating the total cholesterol and triglyceride high-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoproteins. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of carrot seed priming with different concentrations of illite solution. Although the yield of carrot sprouts was not significantly increased, the concentration of total mineral and total free amino acid of a few sprout samples were raised with illite treatment. Furthermore, the content of functional amino acids like γ-amino-n-butyric acid was improved in the illite-treated carrot sprouts. The results showed that illite treatment could offer a good option to enhance the quality of carrot sprouts. Keywords: Amino Acid, Illite, Mineral, Carrot Sprout Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 11 Issue: 01 Year: 2022 Month: January Number: V112022012551 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2551 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2551 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022012551.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:1:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Baidoo Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Author-Name: J. N. Annan Title: Assessing the Effectiveness of Padlet Instructional Tool in the Teaching and Learning of some Ecological Concepts Abstract: The study investigated padlet instructional (PLI) tool as an activator of students’ performance in some ecological concepts in some selected Senior High Schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. The Quasi-experimental design was adopted for the study. A sample size of 102 was purposively sampled from the accessible population. Biology Concept Achievement Test (BCAT) was used for data collection. Data obtained from the study were subjected to both descriptive and inferential analysis. The mean, standard deviation, box plot, mean plot, eta squared effect size, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD were calculated using SPSS version 21. It was established that students in PLI-1 who were taught in the school ICT laboratory and PLI-2 who were taught at home during COVID-19 vacation using the padlet tool instructional approach statistically outperformed their counterparts taught with conventional lecture-based instructional approach in terms of their academic performance (mean scores) ( p ˂ .05). However, the paired comparison PLI-1 and PLI-2 showed no statistically significant difference between the two instructional groups in terms of their academic performance (Md = 1.84, p-value = .442 > .05) (mean scores). One of the reasons for this result, might be because the use of the tool was a novel, and far more productive than the use of the conventional lecture-based instructional approach in the teaching and learning of ecological concepts. It could be deduced that the tool allowed the teachers to engage the students in an interactive virtual session, where they instantly submitted, and shared completed class task and group assignments. The study again, revealed that the interaction effect of the instructional approach and gender was not statistically significant as evidenced in the p-value > .05 [F(2, 94) = .113, p = .893). Keywords: Padlet Instructional Tool, Academic Performance, Ecological Concept Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-26 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022012554 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2554 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2554 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042554.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:20-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. Baidoo Author-Name: Y. Ameyaw Author-Name: J. N. Annan Title: Efficacy of Padlet Instructional Tool on Students’ Engagement and Perception in the Teaching and Learning of some Ecological Concept Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of padlet instructional tool on students’ engagement and perception in the teaching and learning of some ecological concept in the Accra Metropolitan of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Three research hypotheses guided the study and tested at 0.05 level of significance. A quasi-experimental design was used. A total sample of One Hundred and two (102) elective biology Senior High School students comprising sixty-seven (67) males and thirty-five (35) females were purposively sampled and used for the study. Two instruments were used for data collection in the study, namely; Students’ Engagement and Collaboration Checklist (SECC), and Students’ Perceptions on Padlet Tool Questionnaire (SPPTQ). The data collected from the study were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean and standard deviation, Krukal-Wallis test analysis, chi-square test analysis (cross-tabulation) together with mean and box plots. The result of the study revealed that students in both padlet tool instructional groups 1 and 2 performed better in terms of engagement and collaboration in class during the teaching and learning of the ecological concepts as compared to their counterparts in the conventional lecture-based instructional group. Therefore, padlet instructional approach is efficacious in enhancing students’ engagement, participation and collaboration. The study results again indicated that the padlet group students had very positive perception about the use of Padlet as an instructional tool and find it a suitable tool for teaching and learning of ecological concepts. The result further revealed a relationship between the students’ perception and their ICT background knowledge (p-value =.019) towards the use of Padlet tool in teaching and learning of ecological concepts. It was noted that almost all the students with good ICT background expressed a very positive/positive perception towards the use of Padlet. From the findings, a conclusion is drawn that the biology teachers and students should be encouraged to use padlet instructional tool in the teaching and learning of ecological concepts. Keywords: Padlet Instructional Tool, Engagement and Collaborative Skills, Student Perception, Ecological Concepts Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-33 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022012555 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2555 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2555 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042555.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:27-33 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: TRAORE Lamine Author-Name: Coulibaly Mamadou Author-Name: Cisse Fatimata Author-Name: Sissoko Dioukou Title: Strengthening the Resilience of Maize Producers in the Koulikoro Region against the Adverse effects of Climate Change Abstract: Koulikoro is the second economic region of Mali. Maize (Zea maize L.) is one of the most important food crops in this region where it is completely rainfed and dependent on changes in climate. Eighteen (18) drought tolerant maize varieties/hybrids were introduced into the farming environment to test their adaptability. The participatory varietal selection method was used to identify adapted varieties. This participatory varietal selection work and the study of the Genotype x Environment interaction led to the final choice of the following four (4) intermediate varieties/hybrids maize of 110 days, from seeding to harvest: IWDC3-SYN, PVA-SYN-22, FARAKO, DT-STR- SYN-Y and three (3) early maize varieties of 90 days: EVDT-99, DTE-STR-Y-SYN-POPC3, POP66-SR/ACR-91. These adapted maize genetic materials to the agro-ecological zones could be a solution to the problem of insufficient improved varieties in the Koulikoro region. On the other hand, the seed systems are oriented towards meeting market needs through the production of certified seeds according to international standards, while the majority of the producers regularly use seeds of local varieties taken from their own harvests. This is why the number of improved varieties has decreased. Eight (8) village cooperatives were trained in the maize community-based seeds production and distribution techniques. The outputs of the project were: the identified seven (7) drought-tolerant maize varieties/hybrids proposed to the extension services for vulgarization; the private network for the production and distribution of certified seeds of the improved varieties has been set up to ensure a continuous supply of the producers by the trained cooperatives. The FCRIT project has thus contributed to strengthening the resilience of the producers against the adverse effects of climate change. Keywords: Maize, Climate Change, Adaptation Tests, Certified Seeds, Village Cooperatives, Community-Based Seeds Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-19 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022012556 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2556 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2556 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032556.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:4-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shaojie He Author-Name: Zhenyu Zhao Author-Name: Sheng Tang Author-Name: Xiaofeng Lai Author-Name: Xincheng Yu Author-Name: Junlong Hou Author-Name: Dingsheng Zha Author-Name: Hao Wu Title: Epidemiological Characteristics of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Guangzhou, China Abstract: Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) in Guangzhou, China, and identify high-risk population, so as to provide reference for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of SCI. Methods: The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University between January 2017 and December 2020 hospitalized patients with spinal cord injury were analyzed retrospectively, and observe the following relevant factors: age, gender, injury time, injury causes, segmental spinal cord injury, whether with spine fracture, whether to merge with other parts of the injury, whether complications. The above indicators were analyzed statistically. Results: There were 197 patients with spinal cord injury, the male to female ratio was 2.72:1. The average age was 47.83±13.70 years from 5 to 80 years old, and the patients aged from 41 to 50 years old were the most (28.0%). The main causes of injuries were falls (33.0%), falls (32.0%), traffic accidents (26.9%), and heavy injuries (7.1%). The incidence of lumbar spinal cord injury was the highest, followed by cervical spine injury. Complications occurred during hospitalization in 51.3% of TSCI patients, with pulmonary infection accounting for 34.8%, followed by urinary tract infection accounting for 25.6%. The higher the severity of spinal cord injury, the higher the probability of complications, the incidence of complications in ASIA grade A patients was 96%. Class B 73.3%; Grade C 59.1%, D 29.6%. Conclusion: Young and middle-aged men are the high risk group of TSCI, and the main causes of injury are fall injury, fall injury and car accident injury. The incidence of spinal cord injury was highest in lumbar vertebra L1 and L2, cervical vertebra C4 and C5, and thoracic vertebra T12 and T11. Complications occurred during hospitalization in 51.3% of TSCI patients, with pulmonary infection being the most common, followed by urinary tract infection. The higher the severity of spinal cord injury, the greater the probability of complications. Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, Epidemiology, Characteristic, The Correlation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 20-23 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022022557 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2557 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2557 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032557.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:20-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Urska Kuhar Author-Name: Uros Krapez Author-Name: Brigita Slavec Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Author-Name: Ivan Loncarevic Title: De Novo Designed Peptide to Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Interaction with ACE2 Receptor on Host Cells Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic, which has made havoc in the World, is caused by single stranded RNA virus SARS-C0V-2. This virus attacks cells by interacting with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the surface of host cells. Using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), we have designed six de novo peptides which are proposed to prevent this interaction. Peptide preselection has been by standard Inhibitor Screening Assay Kits and one of the designed peptides (CovA) has been proposed to be a good candidate for testing on cell lines. Using Vero E6 cell line, peptide CovA has shown ability to significantly prevent interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and ACE2 receptor. Thus, the designed peptide CovA could provide the basis for development of new COVID-19 drugs. In addition, these results are supporting the RRM model ability to design peptides with desired biological function. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 11 Issue: 02 Year: 2022 Month: February Number: V112022022558 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2558 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2558 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022022558.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mu-an Ling Author-Name: Bai-yun Gao Author-Name: Wen-jun Yin Author-Name: Jian-wen Wei Author-Name: Song-bo Li Author-Name: Bin Pan Title: Prognostic Factors and a Nomogram Predicting Overall Survival in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Abstract: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a common type of bladder cancer characterized by a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to establish a nomogram predicting the overall survival (OS) for patients with MIBC. All the 14,393 cased with MIBC were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The patients were randomly divided into training group and testing group with a 1:1 ratio. Then, we used The Kaplan-Meier to estimate the over survival OS of these patients. The Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to identify the independent risk factors related with OS, which were then used to construct a nomogram model in training group. And then the nomogram evaluated by the time-concordance index (C-index) and calibration curves in testing group. The result of Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis revealed that sex, race, N stage, M stage, surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors associated with OS. A nomogram was established using these factors with good discrimination and calibration. Keywords: Bladder Cancer, Nonagram, Prognosis, Risk Factor Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-28 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022022559 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2559 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2559 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032559.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:24-28 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Jiangtao Gu Author-Name: Raoqing Guo Author-Name: Ligang Zhang Author-Name: Ning Deng Title: Construction of a Natural Human Fab Phage Antibody Library and Screening of Phage Antibody against PD-L1 Abstract: Programmed Death Ligand-1(PD-L1) is an important target to drive T cell dysfunction when it connects with Programmed Death-1(PD-1), leading to immune escape of tumor cells, thus anti-PD-L1 antibody shows a promising prospect in the treatment of tumor. In order to construct a large natural antibody library, we collected a large number of lymphocytes of adults and children. The light chain and Fd genes of antibody were amplified by PCR, and the Fab phage antibody library with a library capacity of 4.27×109 was constructed. The insertion rates of the light chain library and the Fab library were 90% and 70%, respectively. The cloned sequences identified by PCR showed that all the sequences analyzed were unique, and the amino acid sequences of the CDR regions were diverse, which proved that there was good diversity in the antibody library. The positive clones that bind to PD-L1 were screened by phage ELISA, PCR identification and sequence analysis. In the end, two high-affinity positive clones were determined. The successful construction of this natural phage antibody library provided an effective method for screening human PD-L1 antibodies, which was expected to screen humanized antibodies against various antigens. Keywords: PD-L1, Phage Antibody Library, Fab Antibody, Solid-Phase Screening Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-38 Volume: 11 Issue: 02 Year: 2022 Month: February Number: V112022022561 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2561 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2561 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022022561.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:2:p:29-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kunrui He Author-Name: Yongxin Lin Title: Mechanisms of Pulmonary Complications after Spinal Cord Injury Abstract: Background: Pulmonary complications caused by spinal cord injury (SCI) pose a serious threat to patients’ health and quality of life. Understanding the potential injury mechanism of pulmonary complications caused by this destructive disease is necessary for the study of SCI and the guidance of clinical treatment. This article reviews the current situation and progress of exploring the mechanism of pulmonary complications caused by SCI. Keywords: Spinal Cord Injury, Pulmonary Complications, Mechanism Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 29-32 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022022563 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2563 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2563 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032563.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:29-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maota Ou Author-Name: Jing Wang Title: Traumatic Dislocation of Bilateral Knee Joints with Injury of the Popliteal Arteries - A Case Report Abstract: Introduction: Bilateral knee joint dislocation associated with injury of bilateral popliteal arteries is an extremely rare condition. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential for limb salvage and function. Case report: We reported a 25-year-old girl who suffered traumatic open displacement of bilateral knee joints and contusion of bilateral popliteal arteries during a vehicle accident. The diagnosis was confirmed by X-ray examination and physical examination. The urgent surgical procedure was performed. The dislocations were reduced immediately and the original opening and the posterior approach to the popliteal artery were used. During the surgical exploration, rupture of the bilateral anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments associated with bilateral thrombosed popliteal arteries was found. The damaged popliteal arteries were resected and replaced with autologous saphenous vein graft. The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were repaired at the first stage. A 1 year follow-up after the surgery demonstrated intact arterial perfusion and acceptable good function of the knee joints. Conclusion: Bilateral knee joints dislocation associated with injury of bilateral popliteal arteries are very rare, which require combined treatment. Keywords: Knee Injuries, Dislocation, Popliteal Artery, Blood Vessels, Transplants Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-35 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022032566 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2566 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2566 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032566.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:33-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nnaemeka OKORIE Author-Name: Jessica Chioma OJUKWU Author-Name: Samuel A. FASOGBON Author-Name: Uchenna Oyibe OKEKPA Author-Name: Adebukola Adisa EKOH-JOLLY Author-Name: Cyril A. EGBO Author-Name: Sumbola A. ADEYINKA Author-Name: Samuel EHIREMEN Author-Name: Odinaka Kingsley OBETA Author-Name: Ibukun Akinsola OMISAKIN Author-Name: Adekunle Oluwatosin ADELUWOYE Title: Modification of Periodic Acid Schiff and Haematoxylin Van Geison Solutions with Ethanol and Ethyl Acetate Wood Extract of Erythroxylum Abstract: Background: In histopathology, stains are substances or biological dyes, which colour tissues in order to aid optical differentiation of tissue component. Erythroxylum (erythroxylon) also known as redheart wood, is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylacae, It has been observed that it has bright-red color when freshly cut that darkens to deep red over time. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the staining reaction and novel modification of periodic acid schiff and Haematoxylin Van Gieson solutions with ethanoic and ethylacetate wood extract of erythroxylum plant on kidney, liver, lung and intestinal tissue section of Rattus norvegicus as an alternative to Schiff reagent, compared with haematoxylin and eosin staining, Weigert’s iron haematoxylin Van gieson and Periodic acid Schiff staining method as control. Materials and Methods: Three serial sections were obtained from a block of a histological processed lung tissue of Rattus norvegicus and labelled A to C. Section A served as controls. Section As’ were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, Weigert’s Haematoxylin and Van Gieson Staining and Periodic acid Schiff reagent methods as controls. Test section Bs’were stained using Harris haematoxylin, Weigert’s Iron Haematoxylin, Periodic Acid and counter stained with Ethanol extract of erythroxylum solutions respectively. Tests Section Cs’ were all treated with the primary stained or oxidized with the required periodic acid and counter stained with ethylacetate extract of erthroxylum. Results: Liver sections treated with Periodic acid and counter stained with ethanol erythroxylum extract and ethylacetate erythroxylum solutions all revealed a comparable hepatic details as seen in periodic acid schiff solution. Similarly kidney sections of Rattus norvegicus stained with Weigert haematoxylin and counter stained with ethanol erythroxylum extract and ethylacetate erythroxylum extract solution also shown a comparable and better optical differentiation of the tubular structures and podocytes. Erythroxylum is a promising histological stain which is natural and readily available. Conclusion: The dye may serve in the demonstration of tissue constituents and serve as a useful cytoplasmic stain to replace other dyes for histological diagnosis of diseases. Keywords: Dyes, Erythroxylum, Extract, Haematoxylin, Stain, Periodic acid Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-19 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022032567 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2567 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2567 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042567.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:13-19 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eunice Taeyeon Kim Title: Use of Mouthwash in Preventing Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a virus that enters the respiratory tract through the nose and mouth affects a wide range of cells and systems of the body, causing various types of symptoms. Therefore, the discovery that the use of mouthwash may help prevent COVID-19 from entering the body is a breakthrough and an area of interest for research. In this report, several research papers about the effects of mouthwash in preventing COVID-19 are evaluated and different types of mouthwash are discussed. In particular, one randomized prospective cohort study presented the promising result of chlorhexidine mouthwash and spray in preventing COVID-19. Despite the result, the number of clinical trials is lacking, and more clinical trials need to be performed to obtain more conclusive clinical evidence that the mouthwash indeed has a preventive effect on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Keywords: Coronavirus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 11 Issue: 03 Year: 2022 Month: March Number: V112022032568 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2568 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2568 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022032568.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:3:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adjaratou Basse Author-Name: Donatien Kabore Author-Name: Mamadou Salif Sow Author-Name: Seynabou Momar Fall Author-Name: Eliasse Dieme Author-Name: Fatou Diallo Author-Name: Magatte Fall Author-Name: Mamoudou Hama Dicko Title: Influence of Mechanical Shelling on the Microbiological and Physico-Chemical Quality of Souna Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and its Derivatived Abstract: Souna millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is used in Senegal for human consumption after primary processing to obtain flour and semolina. Mechanical shelling and dry milling of local cereals results in processed products with a long shelf life. The objective of this work is to study the influence of mechanical shelling on the microbiological and physico-chemical qualities of Souna millet and primary products, flour and semolina. The results of the physico-chemical analyses revealed a reduction in the content of the various parameters studied. However, the greatest losses were obtained on flour fatty acidity with 50% and on millet ash with 55% while the reduction in protein content only varied from 12% to 15% for millet and flour respectively with 14% for semolina. The percentages of reduction of calcium (14.6%), zinc (23.3%) and potassium (18.4%) contents obtained after shelling, were more important on millet, while the highest losses of iron and magnesium composition were noted respectively in flour with 18.1% and in semolina with 15.3%. At the same time, the results of microbiological analyses showed a decrease in the level of contamination of husked millet and derived products by aerobic mesophilic flora at 30°C, by yeasts and molds and by thermotolerant coliforms. An absence of Salmonella was also noted in all samples as well as Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were not enumerated. Keywords: Souna Millet, Mechanical Shelling, Flour, Semolina, Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-12 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022032573 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2573 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2573 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042573.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:8-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Myung Seo Seok Title: Effect of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries Abstract: Low-cost and easily operated professionally applied fluoride therapy has been proposed as an alternative treatment option for children with dental caries. One of the professionally applied fluoride therapy is the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF), which was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used as a desensitizing agent in 2014 and has been used off-label to arrest carious lesions. This literature review aims to analyze the benefits and limitations of SDF in arresting dental caries. The result shows the beneficial effect of SDF in arresting dental caries but has shown adverse effects of dark staining and reversible white spots on the oral mucosa. A fairly recent randomized clinical trial research paper on nanosilver fluoride (NSF) to overcome the adverse effects has been reviewed. The result shows that NSF demonstrates the effect of arresting dental caries without the adverse effects of SDF. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-7 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022032575 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2575 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2575 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042575.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:5-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Guangyi Huang Author-Name: Jie Liao Author-Name: Zheng Chen Author-Name: Xiaoping Qin Author-Name: Liwei Wei Author-Name: Jinhua Li Author-Name: Kaifeng Deng Author-Name: Xiangyue Li Author-Name: Yumin Zhuo Title: A Case of Postoperative Multiple Organ Metastases from Renal Ewing Sarcoma and Review of the Literature Abstract: The incidence of extra-osseous Ewing sarcoma is low, and extra-osseous Ewing sarcoma of renal origin is even less frequently reported. The clinical manifestation of Ewing sarcoma is non-specific and early diagnosis is difficult, and the diagnosis mainly relies on pathological histology and immunohistochemistry. The disease is highly malignant, with a high rate of local recurrence and distant metastasis, and is currently treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The Department of Urology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University admitted a 71-year-old male patient in 2021 with carnal hematuria and lumbar and abdominal pain as the first manifestation, and the preoperative examination showed a type of round mixed signal mass in the right kidney. After admission, the patient underwent mass resection and inferior vena cava dissection, and the postoperative pathology showed a small round cell malignant tumor, which was considered as extraosseous Ewing sarcoma in combination with immunohistochemical results. Three weeks after surgery, the patient developed multiple organ metastases. Keywords: Extraosseous Ewing Sarcoma, Kidney, Diagnosis, Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 11 Issue: 04 Year: 2022 Month: April Number: V112022042578 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2578 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2578 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022042578.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:4:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hu Hui Author-Name: Jun Li Title: Progress in the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Abstract: With the rapid development of perinatal medical technology and the maturity of the neonatal transport system, the survival rate of premature infants, especially the very low and extremely low birth weight infants, has increased significantly, which has prompted various problems of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome became the research focus of neonatologists, it also makes many scholars at home and abroad increased the research depth of the disease. In the treatment, the continuous improvement of the quality of pulmonary surfactant, the application of various ventilation modes and the clinical application of INSURE and LISA technology have also greatly improved the survival rate of children with NRDS. In recent years, fluid ventilation and extracorporeal membrane lung (ECMO) have also emerged, which alleviates the difficult situation of transport and rescue of critically ill children to a certain extent. This paper reviews the progress of diagnosis and treatment of NRDS. Keywords: Neonatal, Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Progress in Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-14 Volume: 11 Issue: 05 Year: 2022 Month: May Number: V112022042579 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2579 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2579 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022052579.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:5:p:9-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Author-Name: Stéphan Borensztajn Title: SEM-EDX and mtDNA Analyses of the Penis of Napoléon Abstract: Objective: we report here results obtained concerning analyses of the putative penis of Napoléon. Methods: SEM-EDX and mtDNA analyses on samples of this penis are realized. Results : SEM-EDX studies show that the samples are relatively rich in calcium phosphate, and consequently that the “penis” is more likely a piece of tendon; mt-DNA analyses, realized on two samples, showed the presence of the 16184T mutation only, confirming that the tendon is well that of Napoléon. Keywords: mtDNA Sequences, 16184T Mutation, Napoléon’s Penis, SEM-EDX Analyses, Tendon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-21 Volume: 11 Issue: 05 Year: 2022 Month: May Number: V112022042580 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2580 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2580 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022052580.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:5:p:15-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Thompson Chinedum Irunkwor Author-Name: Alexander Amechi Odagwe Author-Name: Bright Atalor Title: Chemical and Radiological Risk Assessment of Uranium in Surface and Groundwater in Ogoni Land, Rivers State, Nigeria Abstract: The chemical and radiological risks associated with uranium in the well, tap/borehole and river/creek waters within three communities that host Ogoniland oilfields was here assessed and measured with gamma ray spectroscopy. The results obtained were used to evaluate chemical and radiological risk over lifetime ingestion by the inhabitants in the area. The activity concentrations of uranium in the water supply sources were found to range from 2.42±0.45 to 12.77±1.12Bq/l. The uranium mass concentration was found to range from 97.52±18.13 to 514.71±45.14µg/l. These uranium mass concentration values of the three water supply sources was found to be over 5 times higher than the recommended international permissible limits. The radiological risks for cancer mortality and morbidity risks were found to be lower than permissible standard which respectively ranged from 9.08x10-5 to 4.79x10-4 and 1.39x10-4 to 7.34x10-4. However, the chemical toxicity which was estimated using lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and hazard quotient (HQ) was found to vary respectively from 2.67 to 14.09µg/kg/day and 4.45 to 23.48. The LADD values exceeded the acceptable reference dose level of 0.6µg/kg/day and the international threshold daily intake value of 1.0µg/kg/day. The HQ was greater than unity implying significant potential risk of uranium in water due to chemical toxicity. Human risk arising from ingestion of uranium in water was therefore attributed to the chemical toxicity of uranium as heavy metal rather than radiological risks. Ion-exchange pre-treatment and reverse osmosis treatment technique should therefore be adopted to the three water supply sources in order to reduce and remove uranium as heavy metal before consumption. Keywords: Cancer Morbidity, Cancer Mortality, Chemical Toxicity Risk, Hazard Quotient (HQ), Lifetime Average Daily Dose (LADD), Radiological Risk Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-18 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 Year: 2022 Month: June Number: V112022042581 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2581 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2581 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022062581.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:12-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zohaib Khan Author-Name: Zeelaf Butt Author-Name: Arfaa Asghar Author-Name: Aijaz Zeeshan Khan Chachar Author-Name: Kinza Khan Title: Association between Stress and Job Satisfaction in Young Doctors in Tertiary Care Hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan Abstract: Background: With the introduction of the countless technological advancement in today’s day and age, one would expect the overall wellness of the physical being and the mind to rise significantly. Granted there has been an increase in the overall physical health of the people of the world, however the overall mental health problems of the world over have also increased over time, with WHO estimating as many as 450 million people affected worldwide.1 Often the decrease in mental health is manifested in ways such as, depression, stress and suicidal tendencies. objectives: The objective of this article was to determine if there was an association of stress with the job satisfaction. In addition, the secondary objectives were to determine if there were any demographic associations with job satisfaction. Materials and Methods: Study Design & Study Settings: This was a cross sectional study was set to include the doctors from two tertiary care hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Namely, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex and Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Results: In the sample pool, majority of the doctors were male (56.7%) and out of the 150, 86% were under the age of 25, even though the average age of the responders was 27 years old. A huge majority (60%) of the doctors worked at the level of a Post Graduate Trainee, with 56% of the total doctors having worked in the Medicine Department. Of the 150 doctors, only 5 of them claimed to be under low levels of stress with the majority of the doctors landing in areas of drastically elevated stress. The average for the stress levels is at 12 which register as moderately high stress levels on the used scales. It was found that job satisfaction correlates negatively with job stress meaning that an increasing job stress will decrease job satisfaction and this finding was significant. (p < .001). for independent predictors like age, gender marital status residential status, and job title, Age showed a negative beta for job satisfaction i.e. each unit increase in job results in decreasing satisfaction level, while the rest of covariates also showed a non-significant relationship with job satisfaction. Conclusion: The regression analysis done with the data does hint that there may be an association between the two parameters. According to the results there is however a definite decrease in the over satisfaction of the job as the levels of overall stress rises. Keywords: Stress, Job Satisfaction, Young Doctors Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 11 Issue: 05 Year: 2022 Month: May Number: V112022042582 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2582 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2582 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022052582.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:5:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felipe Franco de Oliveira Author-Name: Camila da Silva Dourado Title: Aluminum Toxicity in the No-Tillage System: A Case Study Abstract: Acid soils cover about 40 to 50% of the world's agricultural area and are one of the main limiting factors to plant production. However, the natural process of soil acidification can be intensified by agricultural practices, mainly related to fertilization. In Brazil, soils are mostly naturally acidic and about 65% of the territory is covered by this type of soil, and as a consequence, there is greater availability of aluminum (Al). The toxicity caused by aluminum (Al) is one of the factors that has most limited crop productivity in acid soils of tropical and subtropical regions. The primary and most evident symptom of Al toxicity in plants is inhibition in root elongation and decreased nutrient absorption, which can be minimized with the No-Tillage System (NTS). In the NTS there are changes in the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of the soil, which can act in the reduction of Al toxicity in the composition of the soil. Therefore, this study aimed to perform a literature review about the toxicity of Al in a no-tillage system, seeking to present the damage to the growth and development of plants caused by Al toxicity, together with the mechanisms that help reduce the toxicity of this metal through the NTS. Keywords: Agricultural Crops, Planting, Productivity, Acidic Soils Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 19-27 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022052588 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2588 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2588 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072588.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:19-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: A Synopsis of Pure and Applied Cryptography Abstract: The literature of cryptography has a curious story. Secracy, of course, played a central role, but until the first World war, important developments appeared in print in a more or less timely fashion. After the first world war, however things began to change .US. Army and Navy organizations working entirely in secret. In the “imitation Game “ we see that Allen turing build a machine called “The Enigma Machine “. And using statistical method he inspired to win The world war . This was an extraordinary example of the application of mathematics to see how math works in every section of life. I am going to write a series of paper of cryptology for everyone. It will be a good reading for anyone interest in cryptology and want to know more!! Keywords: Encryption, Decryption, Plain Text, Cypher-Text Symmetric Algorithm, Public-Key Algorithm, Known Plain -Text Attack, Rubber-Hose Cryptoanalysis, Chosen Cyper-Text Attack, Security Of Algorithms, Steganography Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 Year: 2022 Month: June Number: V112022062593 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2593 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2593 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022062593.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xin Liu Author-Name: Pingping Lin Author-Name: Ting Li Author-Name: Ping Shi Author-Name: Chenjing Wang Author-Name: Lujin Li Author-Name: Yu Cao Title: Population Pharmacokinetics of Naoqingzhiming Tablets a Novel Drug for Vascular Dementia in Healthy Chinese Subjects Abstract: Objective The aims of this study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model to characterize the pharmacokinetics of Naoqingzhiming tablets (ingredient: echinacoside) following single and multiple doses in healthy Chinese subjects, and to identify covariates that might explain variability in exposure following oral administration. Methods Model development was achieved using data from a single- and multiple-dose studies. 1497 blood concentrations were available for population pharmacokinetics model. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was conducted using nonlinear mixed-effects modelling (NONMEM) software to estimate population pharmacokinetic parameters. Results A two-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination was found to best describe the pharmacokinetics of Naoqingzhiming tablets. The final model included aspartate aminotransferase (AST) as a covariate on apparent volume of distribution (V/F). The final pharmacokinetic parameter estimates were apparent clearance, 2510L/h; apparent volume of distribution, 11200L; and lag time, 0.141h. Conclusion The population pharmacokinetic model for Naoqingzhiming tablets identified the relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and covariates, apparent volume of distribution was related to aspartate aminotransferase. Keywords: Echinacoside, Population Pharmacokinetics, Modeling, Naoqingzhiming Tablets Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-11 Volume: 11 Issue: 06 Year: 2022 Month: June Number: V112022062594 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2594 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2594 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022062594.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:6:p:5-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Livia Fratelli Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Sexual Orientation of Medical Students and Influence on Academic Performance and Mental Health Abstract: Sexuality is a central aspect of being human, though its diversity is not completely accepted in society nor at medical schools. As a consequence, minority medical students face discrimination, poorer mental health, loneliness and worse academic performance. Objective: To investigate the sexual diversity of medical students and its possible influence on academic performance and mental health. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 187 undergraduate students of medicine. They answered a self-administrated multiple-choice questionnaire about their demographic characteristics, assigned sex at birth, sexual orientation, gender identity, whether sexual orientation and/or gender identity interferes with academic performance and whether they conceal their sexual orientation and/or gender identity. Participants also responded the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and questions about discrimination an loneliness. Results: Of the 187 undergraduate students of medicine that answered the questionnaire, 37,4% were LGBTQIA+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual), 62.5% were heterosexual and 100% were cisgender. Reported not openly assuming their sexuality 31.42% of the minority students. LGBTQIA+ accounted for 95, 72.90 and 81.82% of the students with extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. Bisexual accounted for 63.63, 67.74 and 55.55% of LGBTQIA+ students with extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress, respectively. The majority of LGBTQIA+ students frequently felt alone (70%), isolated (72.85%) or excluded (68.58%). Most students (92.5%) reported their sexual orientation and/or gender identity did not affect their studies. Conclusion: LGBTQIA+ medical students present worse mental health (depression, anxiety and stress) and feel more excluded. Among them, bisexuals present greater vulnerability. Most medical students report their sexual orientation does not interfere with academic performance. Keywords: Schools, Medical, Academic Performance, Sexual Minority, Mental Health Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 11 Issue: 08 Year: 2022 Month: August Number: V112022062595 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2595 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2595 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022082595.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:8:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ruixin Hu Author-Name: Ji Zhou Author-Name: Guohui Jiang Author-Name: Lixia Ji Title: Improvement of Piperine on the Disturbed Intestinal Flora and Leaky Gut in Obese Mice Abstract: Disturbed intestinal flora and leaky gut play the key roles in the occurrence of obesity-induced diabetes. Piperine can reduce the metabolic inflammation in obese mice and delay the occurrence of diabetes, but the mechanism is not clear. We aim to explore the potential mechanism of piperine in terms of intestinal barrier integrity and flora composition. Here, the obese mice model was induced by feeding 60% high-fat diet, and the feces of each mice were collected for 16s analysis of intestinal flora after intragastric administration of piperine (15 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks. We found that piperine treatment decreased the serum contents of LPS, TNF-α and FFA, inhibited the high expression of inflammation-related proteins (TLR4, IL-1 β and CD11C) and upregulated the permeability-related proteins (ZO-1 and occludin) of ileum. Piperine also adjusted the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides, changed the diversity and community richness of intestinal flora and regulated the content of short-chain fatty acids. Taken together, piperine can inhibit the occurrence of intestinal leakage by improving the disturbance of intestinal flora and the intestinal barrier integrity in obese mice. Keywords: Piperine, Intestinal Flora, Intestinal Barrier, Obesity, Diabetes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022062596 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2596 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2596 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072596.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiao-fei Zhuang Title: Therapeutic Effects of Kv7 Channel Activator Retigabine against Seizures and Neurodegeneration in Kainic Acid-Induced Seizure Model Abstract: Aims: The current study evaluates whether Kv7 channel activator retigabine (RTG) could attenuate seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in the kainic acid (KA) induced seizure model. Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of RTG is evaluated by electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in KA-kindled rats. Tunel assay and immunofluorescence of NeuN are used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of RTG in the hippocampus of KA-kindled rats. Results: RTG effectively reduces epileptiform discharges induced by KA injection. Tunel assay and immunofluorescence of NeuN show that RTG exerts neuroprotection in the hippocampus of KA-kindled rats. Conclusion: Taken together, this study demonstrates that RTG effectively alleviates seizures and hippocampal neurodegeneration in the KA-induced seizure model. Keywords: Kv7 Channel, RTG, Kainic Acid, Neuroprotection, Seizure Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-14 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022072598 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2598 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2598 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072598.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:9-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Rusho-Ramanujan Fourier Series Abstract: In the present realm of Mathematics the most beautiful and Exciting thing is infinitive, convergence series. When Ramanuzan was young he plays with series and make new new series . In this paper I have introduced an new point of view of convergency of pie . We will first prove 2 basic theoremas using fourier analysis then we sum up this and find the value of pie .And after that we will put it in the Ramanuzan series and make a totally different series . Finally . this paper will be finished by a open question . Those who will find the answer, they please email me at :rusho.ali17@gmail.com. I will dedicate him in the next paper. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-16 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022072599 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2599 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2599 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072599.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:15-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Torus Mechanics -1 Abstract: First, I explain the meaning of headline. The term “Torus” came from the book “The Shape of Space “ written by Jeffrey R.Weeks . Torus is a n dimensional Glued Surface. And the term relativity we all are familiar with this basically when we talk Einstein Relativity . So, this paper on Rusho’s general Torus relativity emphasizes the relative occurrence and relative answers of every physical phenomenon . Like for. BIG world or professionally MACROSCOPIC WORLD Newtons Mechanics is replaced by Lagrangian mechanics and lagrangian mechanics is replaced by hamiltonian mechanics. Again this rules also break down and came Einstein theory of relativity, Quantum mechanics for microscopic world . This is also a mechanics or we can called it let say “Torus Mechanics” So what is it’s speciality. We will represent here 3 observation. We will do here some critical thinking also. In first observation , we will evaluate the torus nature of light and shape of space i.e the space is closed and expanding or open and expanding . And in our second observation, we will proof newtons famous Third law ie. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. And our third observation we will evaluate and proof another famous concept The conservation law in physics !! So lets began. Keywords: Torus, n-Dimensional Glued Surface,Gausian Surface, The Shape Of Space, Torus-Tic-Tacoe, Torus World, Torus Light, Closed Universe Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-18 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022072601 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2601 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2601 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072601.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:17-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Luísa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Laísa Ferraz de Arruda Author-Name: Pedro Francisco F. Arruda Title: Ureteral Calculus and Anuria in Kidney Transplanted Patient: What to do? Abstract: An obstructive ureteral calculus from a transplanted kidney is a rare condition, the prevalence of which is 0.4 to 1% in cases of kidney graft. This calculus is generally detected during diagnostic imaging exams when the patient is either asymptomatic or has a reduction in urinary output. The definitive diagnosis is determined using computed tomography and ultrasound. Resolutive treatment is normally surgical. This paper reports the case of a patient with a transplanted kidney who presented with anuria and ureteral calculus, which was treated with laser ureterolithotripsy. Keywords: Kidney Transplant, Lithiasis, Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-9 Volume: 11 Issue: 08 Year: 2022 Month: August Number: V112022072602 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2602 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2602 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022082602.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:8:p:7-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: A Realm of Abdus Sattar Paradox Abstract: I am going to write my 10’th research paper .So today’s topic is special one . I want to dedicate my paper to my chemist Grandfather Abdus Sattar . Though he is not in the world Physically but his humanity ,his knowledge is everywhere . I met him the day before he gave up his last breath . Sorry but it was not a whole day but only 2-3 hours . And we don’t even talk each other.Because he was ill . But he just touched my hand . After his death , My Aunt Give him his all books even his Ph.D ,M.Sc thesis in Electrochemistry . Though I see him just one time but I am very much grateful to him because he has awakened my latent talent for chemistry . I loved chemistry before also but after reading his thesis paper I dreamed to be a chemist also . In this paper , I am going to discussed some scientific Philosophical Questions that can never be understood by modern Science . It will be a merge of philosophy and science . I will prove here also that science invention will never end . So , the scientist will never be jobless !!! N.B: In this paper I have researched many websites and forwarded there writings and make a complete guidelines. All resourses are been attached with the writings Why Scientist especially Physicist need Philosopher ???? Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-36 Volume: 11 Issue: 07 Year: 2022 Month: July Number: V112022072603 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2603 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2603 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022072603.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:7:p:28-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valdecir Carlos Tadei Title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Review Abstract: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is one of the most common forms of neuropathic pain found in the head and neck region, the diagnosis of which is clinical. Long-term oral medication offers no benefits for patients with TN. Interventions for these patients include percutaneous rhizotomy, radiofrequency thermocoagulation, balloon compression, botulinum neurotoxin, stereotactic Gamma knife radiosurgery and microvascular decompression. The aim of the present study was to investigate aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of patients with trigeminal neuralgia through a literature review. A bibliographic survey was conducted through searches of the SciELO, BIREME, Medline and Google Scholar electronic databases for relevant articles published in the English language. The articles found in the literature were divided into four groups: Group 1 – definition and epidemiology (references 1 to 9); Group 2 – diagnosis (references 10 to 12), Group 3: treatment (references 13 to 26); Group 4: interventional approaches (references 27 to 40). TN is one of the most common forms of neuropathic pain found in the head and neck region. The diagnosis is based on a history of pain such as an “electrical shock” felt in a division of the trigeminal nerve. Approximately 50% of patients with TN do not achieve long-term benefits from drug therapy. Interventional approaches require more scientific research. Future studies should focus on genetics, unexplored etiological factors, sensory function, neurosurgical outcomes and complications, combinations and neuromodulation as well as the development of new drugs with greater tolerability. Keywords: Neuropathic Pain, Chronic Facial Pain, Untreatable Pain, Trigeminal Nerve, Trigeminal Neuralgia, Diagnosis, Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 16-21 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022082608 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2608 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2608 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092608.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:16-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: A New Way to See Mathematical Pattern Abstract: Pattern is voice of Math -Math is the voice of science-Science is the voice of God. Pattern is the beauty in Mathematics. Even a newborn-baby can also detect patterns in nature. But not all pattern can easily be detected by our brain. We need to generalize this into a new frame of mathematics. So I I have invented a new method called EULER STOCHASTIC PROCESS. To prove these lemma we will use basic euler-identity method. I am grateful to Sowrav Mozumder to give me this wonderful problem. I am going to prove this by the help of my computer program. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-11 Volume: 11 Issue: 08 Year: 2022 Month: August Number: V112022082609 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2609 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2609 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022082609.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:8:p:10-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Introduction to Protocol Building Blocks In Cryptography Abstract: The Whole point of cryptography is to solve problems. It solves problems that involve secrecy, authentication ,integrity and dishonest people .A protocol Is a series of steps ,involving two or more parties designed to accomplish a task. A series of steps means that the protocol has a sequence, from start to finish. Analyzing stream ciphers is often easier than analyzing block ciphers. For example, one important metric used to analyze LFSR-based generators is linear complexity, or linear span. This is defined as the length, n, of the shortest LFSR that can mimic the generator output. Any sequence generated by a finite-state machine over a finite field has a finite linear complexity [1006]. Linear complexity is important because a simple algorithm, called the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm, can generate this LFSR after examining only 2n bits of the keystream [1005]. Once you’ve generated this LFSR, you’ve broken the stream cipher. Keywords: Adjudicated Protocols,Self enforceing portals, One Way function, Massage Authentication Code (MAC), Publich Key Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022092612 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2612 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2612 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092612.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: The Art of Problem solving (AOPS) Abstract: Yeah!!I touch the milestone of publishing 15 Research paper at the age of 15 . My research publications is now equivalent to my age!!So to celebrate this I am going to write a paper that will help every people to take the feel in math . Basically Teachers in the classroom can’t make feelings of math to the student .They always like to tell math is deferent than others . It is a bit harder . Math is not for everyone ,it is only for geniuses bla bla……. . This type of stupid telling often decreases the math potential of a student . I have seen many math genius es later fields medal winner was demotivated by listening this type of foolish talking . If you want to learn more about fields medal life at school , then read this authentic Blog : https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/MsTu3dqf7BnEupoW4/fields-medalists-on-school-mathematics Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-5 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022092613 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2613 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2613 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092613.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:4-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Etienne Téhia Kouakou Author-Name: Pascal Marnotte Author-Name: Thomas Le Bourgeois Title: Weediness of the Cotton Crop in Cote D'Ivoire in 2014 Abstract: During the year 2014, 619 floristic observations were made in cotton fields in Côte d'Ivoire. 80 % of cotton plots, wich average size was about 5.4 ha, were treated with a pre-emergence herbicide. Additional weeding occured when necessary (three times on average). This study identified the dominant weeds in cotton crop from sowing to harvest. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton, Euphorbia heterophylla L., Ageratum conyzoides L. and Commelina benghalensis L. were the most common species. The floristic composition evolved along the cropping season: at the beginning, Euphorbia heterophylla and Commelina benghalensis were the most frequent species, while Ageratum conyzoides grew especially late in the cycle. The species were also distributed according to the different climate areas. Weed infestation was correlated with control practices. Keywords: Cotton, Weed, Herbicide, Hand Weeding, Climate Area Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-10 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022092614 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2614 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2614 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092614.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:6-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Awatif A. Elegami Author-Name: El Amin I. Elnima Author-Name: Gamal E.B. El Ghazali Title: In-vitro Antifungal efficacy of Some Medicinal Plants Abstract: The aims of the present study are to examine in-vitro antifungal activity of crude extracts of Sudanese medicinal plants against two fungal species in order to verify their possible inhibitory activity and to identify the bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activity. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and phytochemical screening were investigated for the most active extracts to detect the active group of secondary metabolites. Agar diffusion method was used to test their sensitivity. Chloroform, methanol and aqueous extracts of a total number of 23 plants belonging to 19 genera and 17 families were investigated against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them, seven plant extracts showed efficacy against at least one of the two fungal cultures, and the methanol extracts of the different plants species exhibited a well marked antifungal activity. The bark methanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna (Combretaceae), gave the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value (4.25 μg/ml) against C. albicans, whereas the stem methanolic extracts of Anogeissus schimperi (Combretaceae), gave the lowest MIC value (0.18 μg/ml) against S. cerevisiae. Keywords: Combretaceae, Inhibitory Effects, Candida albicans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MIC Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-15 Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Year: 2022 Month: October Number: V112022092615 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2615 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2615 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022102615.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:10-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Rusho’s Conjecture on Visualising Complex Arithmetic in Real Analysis Abstract: We all know Complex number or Imaginary Number can’t be seen in real analysis. Mathematicians made another field for this named complex analysis . But In this paper I am going to relate complex number with the real . At least We can take some feel from here . We will use nothing but simple known concept form High School Mathematics and Will imply it in a beautiful way . From headline It can be seen something boring or tough but if we dive in to it it will be understood by school student’s also . Analysis is the of mathematics dealing with continuous functions, limits, and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite sequences, series, and analytic functions. These theories are usually studied in the context of real and complex numbers and functions. . But for this paper one can should be known some basic tool like logarithmic function , Euler _lagrange Beautiful math equation , natural log series etc and beat more free time with enthusiastic mind. Keywords: Logarithmic Function, Euler _Lagrange Beautiful Math Equation, Natural Log Series Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 11-11 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022092616 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2616 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2616 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092616.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:11-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: The Birth of Computational Chemistry Abstract: Chemistry the central of Science Combination of physics ,biology and mathematics and economics also . When Computer science and hard core Mathematics added to it ,it is named as computational Chemistry . In fact , Quantum Physicist has created this field to make the relation strong between physical sciences . Theoretical inorganic chemistry is the subfield where Mathematical methods are combined with fundamental laws of physics to study the process of chemical relevance . Given a set of nuclei and electrons theoretical chemistry can attempts to calculate things such as, Geometrical arrangement of nuclei?? relative energies, Their properties, Rate of transformation of stable molecules, Time dependence's of molecular structures and their properties, interaction between molecules Keywords: Describing the System, Fundamental forces, The Dynamical Equation;Variable Separation(Space and Time var.) Separating Nuclear and Electronics Variables, Classical Mechanics, Hydrogen and Helium Atom Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-15 Volume: 11 Issue: 09 Year: 2022 Month: September Number: V112022092617 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2617 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2617 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022092617.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:9:p:12-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Alexis Javier Nava-Vazquez Author-Name: Juan Luis Ignacion de la Cruz Author-Name: Juan Manuel Sanchez-Yañez Title: An Ecological Strategy to Reduce and Optimize Nitrogenous Fertilizer in the Growth of Solaneum lycopersicum Abstract: Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is one of the most common agricultural crops in the world. Its production in Mexico and the world depends on the application of nitrogenous fertilizer such as NH4NO3, which, used rationally or in reduced doses according to the needs of the plant, avoids environmental pollution in addition to the emission of N2O (oxide nitrous), greenhouse gas. One option to reduce and optimize is to apply Azotobacter vinelandii and Xanthobacter autotrophicus with a crude extract of carbon nanoparticles (CENC). The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of A. vinelandii and X. autotrophicus on the growth of S. lycopersicum at 70% NH4NO3plus a CENC. The experiment was carried out under a randomized block experimental design with two controls, six treatments and six replications. The response variables were: days of emergence and percentage (%) of germination, phenology: plant height (PH) and root length (LR) and biomass: aerial and root fresh and dry weight: (AFW/RFW) / (ADW/ RDW) at the seedling and flowering stages; experimental data was analyzed by ANOVA/Tukey (P<0.01). The results showed a positive effect of A. vinelandii and X. autotrophicus at 70% NH4NO3 and CENC on the germination percentage of S. lycopersicum seeds, as well as on phenology and biomass. In the seedling and flowering stages, the numerical values showed a statistical difference compared to S. lycopersicum without A. vinelandii and X. autotrophicus, or CENC, only at 100% NH4NO3 (relative control). These results support that S. lycopersicum fertilized at 50% NH4NO3 inoculated with A. vinelandii and X. autotrophicus was optimized and improved by CENC to prevent soil fertility loss and possible N2O emission. Keywords: Soil, Nitrogen Fertilizer, Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria, Nanoparticules, Greenhouse Effect Gases Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Year: 2022 Month: October Number: V112022102620 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2620 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2620 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022102620.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Using Lagrange’s Multiplier Method to Solve Mathematical Contest Problem Abstract: “Most people study mathematics to satisfy some requirements .Some Study Math to learn the tricks of nature so they may find out how to make things bigger or smaller or faster or more sensitive . But a few ,a very few ,study math because they wonder -not how things work ,but why they work .They wonder what is at the bottom of things -the very bottom ,if there is a bottom . This paper will be very useful to them .”-M.A.Rusho. Remember when you first participate any math contest or olympiad maybe national or International you see some terrible function and the question state that you have to find this function maximum or minimum value. You become frustrated thinking I have to take the derivative first then equalising it to 0 , then find the optimal value of X blah blah blah……. . now it’s time to reconstruct your mind for solving this type of Mathematical problem in a suitably way . First we have to think that is the difference between School textbook math problem And Olympiad Math Problem . The core difference is problem solving . But you may think that in school mathematics we all solve problem . But this problem solving is different like you can solve it by GUIDE or may a teacher can help or this problem may directly solved by any standard formula like( a+b)^2 . But in Olympiad problem You are totally in a new place , totally difference problem you didn’t see it . But you have too slove it now Many people find this difficulty .BUT IT IS not difficult if you solve it by making some useful strategies . This paper although written for High School Student’s but those who will read it thoroughly they will understand it is for useful for undergraduate or beg gainer of a graduate student from engineering background . Though Calculus , linear algebra , partial differential equation is not included in Math Olympiad Syllabus . But if you are really a Math Enthusiast I believe you already learn it !!! If you didn’t don’t be hesitate . Learn It from any book or course . Then came here to read this thesis paper . Best Wishes to all !!! Happy Problem Solving !! Keywords: Finding Maximum and Minimum of a Function, Real Analysis, Single Variable Problem, Partial Derivative, Topology, Complex Analysis, Lagrangian Transform Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-9 Volume: 11 Issue: 10 Year: 2022 Month: October Number: V112022102622 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2622 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2622 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022102622.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:10:p:8-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Matheus Castro de Almeida Author-Name: Vinicius Costa Lopes Author-Name: José Augusto Pezati Tenani Author-Name: Isabela Cristina Santin Author-Name: Eliane Berton Author-Name: Laís Yumi Takaoka Author-Name: Laura Ignacio da Cunha Title: Arterial Air Embolism Due to Blunt Chest Trauma: A Case Report Abstract: Trauma is the third leading cause of death in Brazil and has a huge impact on the potential years of life lost. Most of the lesions identified are mild and, when treated in time have an excellent prognosis. Air embolism (AE) is a rare but potentially fatal condition, especially after blunt chest trauma, when diagnosis is challenging. A 39-year-old male victim of a motorcycle fall at 60 km/h with moderate traumatic brain injury and chest trauma. There was no change in the primary assessment. In the secondary evaluation, he presented pain on palpation of the anterior chest, and pain in the epigastrium, without peritonitis. The computed tomography (CT) demonstrated the presence of a gaseous focus in the left ventricle (LV); small bilateral pneumothorax foci; areas of lung contusion bilaterally; left kidney and pancreas with signs of ischemia and gaseous foci inside. He was followed in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with acute renal failure and pancreatitis, treated conservatively. Then, he was undergone to a cardiac catheterization: absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease and mild LV systolic dysfunction. He was maintained on 100% O2 until discharge from the ICU and discharged from hospital after 12 days of hospitalization. When the lung parenchyma is injured by a blunt trauma of high kinetics, the pulmonary vessels (PV) and the bronchial tree come into contact and air, under high pressure, enters the PV causing AE. AE is difficult to diagnose in the acute phase as the embolus disappears in about 0.5-30h. [1] Diagnosis is usually made with imaging tests. The treatment of air embolism is eminently supportive. 100% O2 therapy decreases bubble size by forcing nitrogen out of the plunger. The use of a hyperbaric chamber is described and, in more severe cases, it is possible to perform aspiration of the ventricle. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-2 Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Year: 2022 Month: November Number: V112022102623 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2623 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2623 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022112623.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:1-2 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vinicius Costa Lopes Author-Name: Maycow Douglas Arantes Author-Name: André Luiz Coelho Pereira Author-Name: Bruno Vita Ricci Author-Name: Mateus Henrique da Silva Faria Author-Name: Andressa Hellen Nora da Silva Author-Name: Vinicius Trevizam Soares Title: Penile Cancer: Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: Penile cancer is a rare but very aggressive neoplasm, associated with poor hygiene conditions, HPV infection and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), among other risk factors, whose incidence is higher in underdeveloped and developing countries. It presents as an ulcerated, infiltrative lesion and can affect the body of the penis, foreskin or glans. Usually diagnosed through biopsy of suspicious lesions and staged with physical examination, CT of the chest and abdomen, and MRI of the pelvis. Treatment, depending on the stage, involves surgery and systemic treatment with immunomodulators and chemotherapy. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 3-4 Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Year: 2022 Month: November Number: V112022102625 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2625 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2625 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022112625.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:3-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vinicius Costa Lopes Author-Name: José Augusto Pezati Tenani Author-Name: Laura Ignacio da Cunha Author-Name: Maycow Douglas Arantes Author-Name: Tauane de Lima Fiorillo Author-Name: Leticia da Silva Costa Author-Name: Vinicius Trevizam Soares Author-Name: Mateus Henrique da Silva Faria Title: Damage Control in Cervico-Thoracic’s Transition Wound: Case Report Abstract: The case addresses a patient who suffered a penetrating wound by a knife in right anterior cervical region (zone I) and left thoracic region that was admitted with signs of hemorrhagic hypovolemic shock (class III). The emergency surgical approach in patients with cervical trauma is indicated in cases of shock that is refractory to volume replacement, murmurs in the cervical region, and intense active bleeding. It is also suggested to avoid approaching non-expandable hematomas due to the risk of rebleeding. In this case, the patient had bleeding in the orifice of the cervical region and signs of shock. First, bleeding control was performed with Foley catheter placed in the wound and a massive transfusion protocol was initiated in the emergency room. Then, the patient was referred to the operating room. The management of penetrating neck injuries is based on anatomical division of the cervical region into zones I, II and III. Zone II is the area where most lesions are observed, followed by zones I and III. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-6 Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Year: 2022 Month: November Number: V112022102627 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2627 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2627 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022112627.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:5-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amanda Mesquita Grangeiro Author-Name: João Lucas Rosa Author-Name: André Luiz Coelho Pereira Author-Name: Tauane de Lima Fiorillo Author-Name: Laura Ignacio da Cunha Author-Name: Amanda Carreão Author-Name: Eliane Berton Author-Name: Leticia da Silva Costa Author-Name: Victória de Medeiros Ribeiro Author-Name: Andressa Hellen Nora da Silva Title: Tracheoesophageal Fistula with Secondary Mediastinitis due to Infants Ingesting Caustic Substance: A Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: The ingestion of caustic substances is an important cause of emergency care, with children under 5 years of age being the highest risk age group. Tracheoesophageal fistula is an uncommon complication, but with high severity, being associated with mortality of up to 40% when combined with mediastinitis. The objective of this report is to present the case of ingestion of a caustic substance by a 9-month-old infant, describing the clinical and operative management, as well as a brief literature review. Keywords: Tracheoesophageal Fistula, Mediastinitis, Caustic Injury, Infant Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-9 Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Year: 2022 Month: November Number: V112022102628 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2628 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2628 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022112628.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:7-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Eliane Berton Author-Name: Fernanda de Moraes Silva Author-Name: Caroline Alves Bueno Author-Name: André Luiz Coelho Pereira Author-Name: Jose Vilar de Andrade Neto Author-Name: Amanda Carreão Author-Name: Amanda Mesquita Grangeiro Author-Name: Vinicius Trevizam Soares Author-Name: Leonardo Alves Magalhaes Ribeiro Title: Mesenteric Cyst – A Case Report Abstract: Cystic lesions between the mesenteric leaflets, the mesenteric cysts, can be found from the duodenum to the rectum and still have an uncertain etiology. Several hypotheses have already been suggested and the most accepted theory is the formation of cysts due to the rupture of lymphatic vessels. Clinically they do not usually present symptoms and the diagnosis is accidental in about 75% of cases. The incidence is slightly higher in females and the therapeutic approach is mainly surgical, due to the risk of malignancy of the lesion, traumatic rupture, hemorrhage, torsion and compression of adjacent structures. We report the case of a 4-year-old patient with abdominal pain, with a subsequent diagnosis of mesenteric cyst. The postoperative prognosis is good and depends basically on the patient's previous pathologies. The follow-up of relapses, through imaging exams, is still controversial. Keywords: Mesenteric Cyst, Abdominal Pain, Abdominal Neoplasms, Lymphangioma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-12 Volume: 11 Issue: 11 Year: 2022 Month: November Number: V112022112630 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2630 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2630 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022112630.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:11:p:10-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Laura Ignacio da Cunha Author-Name: Justina Ferreira da Silva Author-Name: Amanda Mesquita Grangeiro Author-Name: Eliane Berton Author-Name: Andressa Helen Nora Author-Name: Maycow Douglas Arantes Title: Situs Inversus Associated with Perforated Small Intestine Diverticulum - Case Report Abstract: Situs Inversus (SI) is a rare congenital anomaly that affects 1:10,000 to 1:20,000 people. It is characterized by the mirror image of the abdominal and thoracic viscera. Situs Inversus Incompletus (SII) is an abdominal heterotaxis associated with levocardia. It is a much rarer condition and accounts for 1 in 2,000,000 of the general population. Small bowel diverticulum is a rare condition, in which most patients are asymptomatic. In this report, we present a patient with IBS with an acute abdomen due to a perforated jejunal diverticulum, treated at the Hospital de Base of São José do Rio Preto, Brazil. Keywords: Situs Inversus, Jejunoileal diverticular disease, Exploratory laparotomy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-5 Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 Month: December Number: V112022112636 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2636 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2636 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022122636.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:4-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Quadratic Residuacity: Intro to Advance Number Theory Abstract: This is the second paper of Number Theory for Math Olympiad enthusiast . Number Theory is the basement of Mathematics and it is followed in INTERNATIONAL MATH OLYMPIAD syllabus . Students are asked various types of question here equivalently . In the first paper “A Case Study Of Special Types of congruences and it’s solution” I discuss special type of quadratic residuacity. And it’s congruence of second degree in one unknown with prime modulo. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 Month: December Number: V112022122639 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2639 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2639 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022122639.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Constructive Discussion about The Theory of Immortality of the Book of “The Physics of Immortality’’ Abstract: In July 1993 Frank J. TIPLER wrote a book about the masterpiece theory of the Physics Of immortality. As New York Times Book review says “A thrilling ride to the far edges of modern physics” here he prove both theoretical and Mathematically that God and the resurrection of death exist . But then after the "appendix of Scientist” part he showed mathematically that universe will have a Big Crunch in future. For some period of time it will expand and after that the resurrection of the death will occur. But I found some gap of logic in his book, Like in one chapter he gave an example of Jesus Christ that if he exist, he come again and again. And do the same work as he did before, And his work will make a overflow of the Information in our genomes and people will know after consciousness!!!!!! But it will not occur because, if it does the whole branch of genetics and modern computer Science will be destroyed and it must be written again !!! I have found some other logical gaps also and finally will write a paper now. The paper will be divided into three sections. At first, we will review some logical gaps of the book “The physics of Immortality’’ And discuss why they are wrong. Second part we will find conclusion like what if this theory don’t work, then what will happen, do resurrection of death exist !! If exist then what will happen blah blah….. And finally we will prove God Exist !!! By the indeterminism of Quantum Mechanics Law. I wish that the reader of the paper will not take it personally in his/her religious emotion. Because we have to remember that Science is always progressing by constructive discussion. It work logically as a large. Keywords: Eternal Return and Heath Death, Resurrection of the Death, Determinism in Classical General Relativity and in Quantum Mechanics, The Omega Point Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-7 Volume: 11 Issue: 12 Year: 2022 Month: December Number: V112022122643 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2643 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2643 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V112022122643.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:11:y:2022:i:12:p:6-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Maher Ali Rusho Title: Introduction to Rusho’s Transform Lakshmann and Smith Model: A Machine Learning Approach to Earthquake Detection Abstract: Machine learning now become one of the demandable field in engineering and life sciences , IT is now the cutting edge of technological development , The threat of climate change makes it crucial to improve our understanding of the climate system . This paper has been inspired by the book : Machine Learning and Data Mining Approaches to climate science . From this book I am inspired to find a new branch of machine learning for the earthquake detection and intro climate +physics or Climato -physics Modelling . Using Artificial intelligence is one of the remarkable steps to find the optimal solution of Earthquake detection . Approximately 20,000 people are killed every year by earthquakes. There are over 500 active faults in California and most of its residents live within 30 miles of an active fault. So if we can predict the earth-quake before it occurred , we can make active step and save millions of life . It is similar to weather detection and thunderstorms detection , same algorithm will be implemented in thunderstorm and weather detection , but we will use both as well as machine learning model and artificial intelligence model ,Rats, weasels, snakes, and centipedes reportedly left their homes and headed for safety several days before a destructive earthquake. Anecdotal evidence abounds of animals, fish, birds, reptiles, and insects exhibiting strange behavior anywhere from weeks to seconds before an earthquake. So we will first understand why and how earthquake happen and biological mechanism of understanding fish , birds , reptiles and insects hearing . Then we will use the datasets of global earthquake pattern . And finally we will put all in one and relate the algorithm with storm-detection. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 12 Issue: 01 Year: 2023 Month: January Number: V112022122646 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2646 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2646 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023012646.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shuai Zheng Author-Name: Pan Zhou Author-Name: Liu ShuangJiang Author-Name: Genlong Jiao Title: Postoperative Presentation of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Case and Review of the Literature Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-8 Volume: 12 Issue: 01 Year: 2023 Month: January Number: V122023012652 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2652 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2652 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023012652.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:1:p:6-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: M. A. Eirin Author-Name: Sánchez Vallduví GE Author-Name: Dellepiane AV Title: Consociation of Sunflower and Fodder Oilseeds - An Alternative for Mixed Production Systems Abstract: The process of agricultural development which takes place in Argentina has led to the loss of sustainability. Mixed systems could be an alternative for improving productivity and, at the same time, taking into account the environmental cost. The sowing of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) consociated with other species can generate greater biomass and, in some cases, greater yield. Such practice is about the differential harnessing of resources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of sunflower consociation with Trifoliumrepens L., Lotus corniculatus, and Vicia sativa, and to determine the conditions of the remaining stubble. Treatments consisted in the use of monoculture sunflower with and without herbicides; intercrop sunflower with red clover, lotus and vicia. The yield of sunflower grain and the total air biomass of the stubble and of its components were evaluated at the time of harvesting, and, two and three months after harvesting. The highest value of available stubble at the time of harvesting was obtained in monoculture sunflower without herbicide. Two months after, there were no variations in the stubble biomass of the treatments. Three months later, there were significant differences registered between the treatments; the intercrops with red clover and lotus reached the highest volume of stubble. Under the conditions of this test, the highest productivity of sunflower was registered when sowed in monoculture and herbicide application was employed. No differences were registered between the intercrops, or between them and the monoculture with herbicide. Therefore, these systems could be considered as a production alternative to lessen the use of synthetic inputs, such as herbicides. Keywords: Diversity, Intercropping, Stubble, Sustainability, Yield Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-46 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Year: 2023 Month: March Number: V122023022662 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2662 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2662 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023032662.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:41-46 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rulang Wang Author-Name: Meng Wang Author-Name: Lei Lyu Title: Feasibility Study on the Financing of Oil Trade Warehouse Receipts in China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone Based on Digital Supervision Abstract: Oil products are important commodities related to the national economy and the people's livelihood. The order of oil products market is related to the safety of people's lives and property and the stability of the entire market economic order. After the gradual opening of the domestic oil market, private oil enterprises have gradually become a main force to maintain the stability of the oil market and promote the circulation of oil products. With the increasingly fierce competition in the industry, the price of oil products has risen too fast, and private oil companies are facing capital problems and are difficult to conduct business. Warehouse receipt financing business is proposed as a solution to the problem timely. This paper combines the hardware and software facilities of the oil industry chain in the China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone, using the oil storage supervision system and blockchain technology, together with oil enterprises, warehousing enterprises, trading platforms and banks, to build the oil warehouse receipt financing system. It is proved that the financing of oil warehouse receipts in the China (Zhejiang) Pilot Free Trade Zone can avoid most risks and form a win-win situation. Keywords: Warehouse receipt financing; Oil trade; Blockchain; Internet of Things; Zhejiang Free Trade Zone Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 12 Issue: 02 Year: 2023 Month: February Number: V122023022664 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2664 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2664 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023022664.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Il Hwa Chung Title: Meniscal Tears in Concomitant ACL Injuries: A Review of Meniscal Repair as a Treatment Option Abstract: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a common injury in sports such as football, soccer, and wrestling, and often results in concurrent injury to the meniscus, a thin cartilaginous tissue in the knee. As such, there has been increasing emphasis on meniscal repair as the significance of its roles in load transmission, shock absorption, stability, and lubrication of the articular surface is recognized. The most common methods of preserving meniscus function include leaving stable or partial tears in situ for self-healing, partial meniscectomy, or meniscal repair. While a 2004 study suggested that stable meniscal tears could be left in situ to self-heal following ACL reconstruction (ACLR) operations, studies conducted after 2,000 point to a rising prevalence for performing meniscal repair concurrently with ACLR. These studies suggest that minimally traumatized tears, longitudinal tears, lesions occurring in the vascularized portions of the meniscus, and meniscus root tears or ramp lesions are all cases where meniscal repair is typically preferred. Advancements made in arthroscopic surgery and increasing understanding of meniscal function are making meniscal repair an appealing treatment option. However, whether meniscal repair is the most optimal treatment option for every patient is still unclear, and the studies claiming meniscal repair to be preferable all have their limitations. A 2006-2018 trend analysis study suggested that meniscal repair is becoming a more popular option, but its observation period was only 180 days, which may have failed to capture injuries that would occur early after return to sport. Therefore, further research and clinical data are needed to help determine the best course of action for ACL injuries with concomitant meniscus tears. Keywords: Sports Medicine, Orthopedics, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, ACL, Meniscus, Meniscus Repair, ACL Reconstruction, ACLR, Arthroscopic Surgery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-12 Volume: 12 Issue: 02 Year: 2023 Month: February Number: V122023022665 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2665 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2665 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023022665.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:2:p:7-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ronald A. Hummons Title: State of Emergency on Childhood Trauma Abstract: Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-27 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Year: 2023 Month: March Number: V122023032667 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2667 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2667 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023032667.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:1-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: q-Gaussian Tsallis Line Shapes and Raman Spectral Bands Abstract: q-Gaussians are probability distributions having their origin in the framework of Tsallis statistics. A continuous real parameter q is characterizing them so that, in the range 1 < q < 3, the q-functions pass from the usual Gaussian form, for q close to 1, to that of a heavy tailed distribution, at q close to 3. The value q=2 corresponds to the Cauchy-Lorentzian distribution. This behavior of q-Gaussian functions could be interesting for a specific application, that regarding the analysis of Raman spectra, where Lorentzian and Gaussian profiles are the line shapes most used to fit the spectral bands. Therefore, we will propose q-Gaussians with the aim of comparing the resulting fit analysis with data available in literature. As it will be clear from the discussion, this is a very sensitive issue. We will also provide a detailed discussion about Voigt and pseudo-Voigt functions and their role in the line shape modeling of Raman bands. We will show a successfully comparison of these functions with q-Gaussians. The role of q-Gaussians in EPR spectroscopy (Howarth et al., 2003), where the q-Gaussian is given as the "Tsallis lineshape function", will be reported. Two examples of fitting Raman D and G bands with q-Gaussians are proposed too. Keywords: q-Gaussian distribution, Gaussian distribution, Cauchy distribution, Lorentzian distribution, Voigt distribution, Pseudo-Voigt function, Carbonaceous Materials, Raman spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy, Tsallis line shape Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-40 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Year: 2023 Month: March Number: V122023032671 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2671 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2671 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023032671.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:27-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: q-Gaussian Tsallis Functions and Egelstaff-Schofield Spectral Line Shapes Abstract: In this article we will discuss the Egelstaff-Schofield line shapes, as used in Raman spectroscopy, and their fit by means of q-Gaussian Tsallis functions. q-Gaussians are probability distributions having their origin in the framework of Tsallis statistics. A continuous real parameter q is characterizing them so that, in the range 1 < q < 3, q-functions pass from the usual Gaussian form, for q close to 1, to that of a heavy tailed distribution, at q close to 3. The value q=2 corresponds to the Cauchy-Lorentzian distribution. This behavior allows the q-Gaussian function to properly mimicking the Egelstaff-Schofield line shape, which has been introduced to fit the bands of first-order Raman scattering in ionic liquids. This line shape is based on a modified Bessel function of the second kind. Moreover, since the Fourier transform of the Egelstaff-Schofield line shape is given by a simple analytical expression, we can use this expression as an easy substitute for the Fourier transform of the q-Gaussian function. Keywords: q-Gaussian distribution, Gaussian distribution, Cauchy distribution, Lorentzian distribution, Voigt distribution, Egelstaff-Schofield line-shape, Raman spectroscopy, EPR spectroscopy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 47-50 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Year: 2023 Month: March Number: V122023032673 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2673 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2673 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023032673.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:47-50 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Routes to Magnetic Graphene, from Decorations with Nanoparticles to the Broken Symmetry of its Honeycomb Lattice Bonds Abstract: Pristine graphene is nonmagnetic because the outer electrons in the rings of its honeycomb lattice are merged into sigma- and pi- bonds. To have magnetic graphene, methods have been proposed to break the bond symmetry to obtain unpaired electrons and spins, so that their interaction can turn on the graphene magnetism. These methods are therefore based on the intrinsic nature of graphene. Other methods are based on the extrinsic decoration of graphene layers with magnetic nanoparticles. Here, we discuss the routes to have graphene magnetized in intrinsic and extrinsic manners, and some of its applications. In particular, the nitrogen-doped graphene is considered. The Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction is also proposed in a very concise manner. Short discussion about graphene substitution with nitrogen-doped biochar and iron-decorated biochar is proposed too. Keywords: Graphene, Magnetic Graphene, Nitrogen-Doped Graphene, RKKY Interaction, Graphdiyne, Topological frustration, Clar's Goblet, Twisted Graphene, Spintronics, Nitrogen-doped Biochar, Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Fe3O4, Magnetite, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding effectiveness, EMI-SE, Microwaves Absorption Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 51-60 Volume: 12 Issue: 03 Year: 2023 Month: March Number: V122023032675 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2675 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2675 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023032675.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:3:p:51-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Justin Juwan Yu Title: Zap the Lead Problem: Cost-effective and Immediate Electrochemical Pipe Scale Accelerator Abstract: The Electrochemical Pipe Scale Accelerator (EPSA) rapidly reduces lead (Pb) concentration in water by up to 99% by electroplating an insoluble and non-conductive lead phosphate or aluminum oxide scale. Twenty-Two million Americans, 120 million Europeans, and 500,000 Canadian households are at risk of lead-contaminated water. Unfortunately, traditional scale passivation can take up to years to form and deteriorate under a chemical change in water (Flint, Michigan, 2014). Replacing pipes can be expensive, costing $250/foot, and the U.S. government up to 47 billion dollars to replace all pipes. The objective was to engineer a low-cost and rapid device that could reduce Pb concentration below the “Lead and Copper rule." Furthermore, the relationship between varying PO_4 concentrations and Pb concentration, Al, concentration, and electricity variables were studied under a chemical change in water. The EPSA consisted of an integrated multimeter, a pre-existing Pb scale anode, an Al cathode wire, and a 1v battery. A 40cm Pb pipe was cut into four pieces, with PO_4 concentration 118-29 mg/L. An 8ml water sample was tested for four weeks using an ICP-OES and pH kit to study Pb leaching. The EPSA reduced Pb concentration by up to 99.14289 % with a concentration of 58 mg/L, taking just under 3 hours. The total cost of the EPSA is 111 times more affordable ($250 vs. $2.25 per foot), providing an affordable solution for low-income residents and immediate protection for vulnerable water systems. Keywords: Chemistry, Water, Electrolysis, Lead pipe, Passivation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-8 Volume: 12 Issue: 06 Year: 2023 Month: June Number: V122023052682 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2682 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2682 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023062682.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:1-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Linhai Zou Author-Name: Ji Zhou Author-Name: Guohui Jiang Author-Name: Lixia Ji Title: Islet Dysfunction Induced by Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) Heterozygous Mutation Combined with High-fat Diet in C57BL/6C Mice Abstract: Male patients with NPC1 heterozygous mutation (Npc1+/-) are prone to obesity and diabetes, yet the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, male Npc1+/- mice (C57BL/6C-Npc1) were used to evaluate the effects of NPC1 heterozygous mutation combined with 60% high-fat diet (HFD) on glucolipid metabolism, cholesterol accumulation, islet dysfunction and β-cell dedifferentiation. Compared with male HFD-Npc1+/+ or Npc1+/- mice fed with low-fat diet (LFD), body weight of male HFD-Npc1+/- mice gradually increased with elevated levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), showing hyperinsulinemia and typical characteristics of diabetes. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) indicated that HFD-Npc1+/- mice developed marked oral glucose intolerance and severe systemic insulin resistance after 4 months. TC and TG were accumulated in both liver and pancreas. The HE results confirmed the large diameter of epididymal adipocytes in HFD-Npc1+/- mice. Furthermore, protein levels of insulin, 4E-BP1, p-S6 and PDX1 were suppressed obviously in β cells of HFD-Npc1+/- mice, while expression of glucagon and precursor marker ALDH1A3 increased, indicating the typical dedifferentiation occurred in β cells. This study partly reveals the underlying mechanism of susceptibility of obesity and diabetes in Npc1+/- male mice induced by 60% HFD. High metabolic stress and abnormal cholesterol metabolism in islets more directly lead to the dedifferentiation and dysfunction of β cells, to aggravate the process from obesity to diabetes. Keywords: NPC1, Diabetes, Hyperglycemia, β-cells, Dedifferentiation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-17 Volume: 12 Issue: 06 Year: 2023 Month: June Number: V122023062685 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2685 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2685 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023062685.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:6:p:9-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanessa Costa Muniz Author-Name: Willian Chaves Author-Name: Adriano Silvério da Paixão Author-Name: Ana Caroline C. da Silva Author-Name: Daniel Salerno Muzilli Author-Name: Bárbara Esteves Silva Author-Name: Laís Yumi Takaoka Author-Name: Lara Godela Delatore Author-Name: Tauane de Lima Fiorillo Title: Application of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in the Treatment of Achalasia in Post-Bariatric Patients: Case Reports and Analysis of Efficacy and Safety. Abstract: This paper discusses the application of Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) in the treatment of achalasia in post-bariatric patients. Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and esophageal aperistalsis. POEM has emerged as a promising and less invasive technique for the treatment of this condition, particularly in patients with previous bariatric surgery. We present two cases of post-bariatric patients with achalasia successfully treated through POEM. The first case involved a 52-year-old man who had undergone Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) 10 years ago, presenting symptoms of progressive dysphagia. The second case involved a 24-year-old woman who underwent a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in 2015, with intense dysphagia. Both patients underwent POEM, resulting in significant improvement of symptoms. We discuss the efficacy of POEM in the treatment of achalasia in post-bariatric patients. Previous studies have reported positive short-term results with POEM in patients with previous RYGB, indicating that the technique is feasible and safe in this patient group. POEM offers a less invasive approach, avoiding the need for open surgical access, which can be challenging in post-bariatric patients due to scarring, adhesions, and anatomical distortions. Keywords: Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM), Achalasia, Bariatric Surgery, Dysphagia, Lower Esophageal Sphincter, Esophageal Motility Disorders Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 4-6 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023062688 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2688 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2688 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023062688.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:4-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Vanessa Costa Muniz Author-Name: Willian Chaves Author-Name: Adriano Silvério da Paixão Author-Name: Ana Caroline C. da Silva Author-Name: Bárbara Esteves Silva Author-Name: Daniel Salerno Muzilli Author-Name: Laís Yumi Takaoka Author-Name: Lara Godela Delatore Author-Name: Tauane de Lima Fiorillo Title: Vacuum Endoscopic Therapy for the Treatment of Perforated Gastric Ulcer: A Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: Vacuum endoscopic therapy (VET) has been widely studied and utilized as an innovative technique in the treatment of defects in the anterior intestinal wall. This therapeutic approach, based on creating a closed environment of negative pressure around the wound, has demonstrated promising clinical outcomes. Endoscopic use of negative pressure therapy was first described in 2004 and has since been applied in the treatment of anastomotic leaks, spontaneous perforations, and other gastrointestinal wall defects. Based on scientific evidence and favorable clinical results, VET has established itself as an important clinical tool, particularly in specialized centers in Europe. The technique promotes contraction, containment, cleaning, and healing of the infected wound area, with mechanisms of action that include collapse of the wound cavity, drainage of infected fluids, removal of debris and microorganisms, reduction of interstitial edema, and promotion of microcirculation. In the case of the perforated gastric ulcer described in this article, VET was successfully applied, resulting in significant clinical improvement and proper ulcer healing. The patient underwent wound area cleaning, application of vacuum dressing, and was kept on a nil per os (NPO) diet. After three days, there was improvement in symptoms and inflammatory parameters, and a follow-up esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) confirmed improvement in the perforated area. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-3 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023062689 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2689 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2689 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023062689.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:1-3 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Role of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals in Templating Mesosilica Materials Abstract: Here we consider the lyotropic liquid crystals and their role in templating the scaffolds of mesoporous silica materials. It was in 1992 that a Mobil Research group disclosed a method to produce silica particles having a regular network of pores with hexagonal and cubic symmetries. The method was proposed as a liquid-crystal 'templating' mechanism. Since the symmetries resulting in the silica scaffolds are those observed in the mesophases of lyotropic liquid crystals, the Mobil Research group supposed the presence of mesophases directly in the templating process. Here we discuss the method as it was reported in 1992 and what is today defined as the true or direct liquid-crystal templating LCT approach. It will be stressed that, in any case, LCT is a surfactant-assisted method that can be better defined as a supramolecular templating method. The template mainly happens in the form of a modified Stöber process. In this framework, the role of the curvature of silica-surfactant interfaces will be considered, the cubic phases of lyotropic liquid crystals analyzed in depth and the related surfaces with zero mean curvature discussed in detail. Keywords: Liquid crystals, Lyotropic liquid crystals, Mesophases, Hexagonal phase, Curvature of interface, Cubic phases, Bicontinuous cubic phases, Mesoporous Silica Materials Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-40 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023072691 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2691 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2691 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023072691.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:7-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Multifunctional Porosity in Biochar Abstract: Biochar is the black fine-grained residue obtained by pyrolitic decomposition processes of biomass, achieved at moderate temperatures under oxygen-limiting conditions. This pyrolysis residue has a hierarchical pore structure resulting in a large specific surface area accompanied by a strong adsorption capacity. Due to the relevant presence of mesopores, biochar can have different roles in storage applications, ranging from for the adsorption of pollutant gases, such as carbon dioxide, to the shape-stabilization of phase-change materials (PCMs), used for thermal energy storage. Biochar is overcoming the leakage problem of PCMs by their encapsulation in the mesopores, whereas the same mesopores are the passageway to the micropores which constitute the packing space for gas adsorption. Keywords: Biochar, Composite Materials, Biomass Based Porous Carbon, Mesoporous Materials, Mesoporous Biochar, Phase Chance Materials, Shape Stabilized Phase Change Materials, Latent Heat Storage Biocomposites, Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-54 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023072694 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2694 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2694 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023072694.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:41-54 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Author-Name: Frans Jullien Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: The RUSI Mask is an Authentic Replicate of the Original Death Mask of Napoléon Abstract: Objective : We report here results obtained concerning the authenticity of the Napoléon’s RUSI death mask of Napoléon. Methods : mtDNA analyses of three hairs included in the plaster of the inter eyebrowed region of the mask, and SEM-EDX analyses of the plaster, of the pencil lead used for the inscription and of the hairs are realized. Results : the plaster of the mask is of “plâtre de Paris” and the pencil lead is of soft graphite. The three hairs studied showed the presence of the 16184T mutation of the mtDNA ; that confirms that the RUSI mask is an authentic replicate of the original death mask of Napoléon. Keywords: mtDNA Sequences, 16184T Mutation, Napoléon RUSI death mask, SEM-EDX Analyses Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 55-68 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023072696 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2696 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2696 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023072696.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:55-68 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Raji Heyrovska Title: Graphical Comparison of Atomic Sizes with Bohr Radii and Covalent Radii for all the Elements Abstract: Ten years ago, the author published in this Journal a paper entitled: “Atomic, ionic and Bohr radii linked via the Golden Ratio for elements including lanthanides and actinides”. This article is a short supplement where the data in the above paper have been used to draw to scale the sizes of all the elements of the Periodic Table with the atomic Bohr radius and the atomic covalent radii. A graphical comparison of the sizes of all the elements of the Periodic Table with the two radii have been presented here in Tables 1 -3. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 69-74 Volume: 12 Issue: 07 Year: 2023 Month: July Number: V122023072699 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2699 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2699 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023072699.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:7:p:69-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valdecir Carlos Tadei Author-Name: Bruna Oliveira Lopes Author-Name: Leonardo Lourenço Zukeran Author-Name: Isabela Maraccini Chueire Author-Name: Laís Franciele Santana Portela Author-Name: Regina Helena Morganti Fornari Chueire Title: Medicinal Cannabis for Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Review Abstract: Cannabis sativa is a plant that has been used for millennia in the treatment of conditions such as chronic pain, rheumatism and epilepsy. Biochemical and molecular studies have isolated its components, which are known as cannabinoids, and have mapped a complex system of endogenous molecules and receptors, known as the endocannabinoid system. Studies report the importance of this system in the physiopathology of different organic disorders, such as fibromyalgia, Parkinson’s disease and neoplasms. Advances in Brazilian legislation have enabled the investigation and use of cannabis oil in the treatment of illnesses and there is growing interest in the potential of medicinal cannabis for the treatment of conditions associated with chronic pain, such as fibromyalgia. Studies have been developed on the safety and effectiveness of cannabinoids for the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. However, long-term prospective clinical studies involving patients with fibromyalgia treated with medicinal cannabis oil are needed, with a focus on aspects related to pain, anxiety, depression and quality of life. Keywords: Cannabis sativa, Endocannabinoid System, Chronic Pain, Fibromyalgia Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 12 Issue: 08 Year: 2023 Month: August Number: V122023082702 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2702 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2702 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023082702.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:8:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Plínio José Esteves Correia Author-Name: Maria Victória Figueiredo Rebolho Author-Name: Lilian Castiglioni Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Surgical Intervention in Patients with Penile Neoplasm at a University Hospital before and after the COVID-19 Pandemic Abstract: Objective: Penile cancer (PC) is a rare disease associated with a lack of hygiene, phimosis, low sociocultural level and the human papillomavirus. In urology, its treatment is part of oncological surgeries that cannot be postponed for a given period of time without affecting patient’s survival. Considering this, the aim of this study is to investigate surgical interventions in patients with PC at a university hospital before and after a period characterized by a tendency to postpone elective surgeries, the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This retrospective study was performed with penile cancer patients at the urology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected from the electronic records of patients sent for hospital treatment. Descriptive statistics were conducted to compare surgical or not surgical interventions before and after the pandemic. Results: A total of 32 patients were analyzed, 18 and 14 were diagnosed prior and after the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Comparisons of the frequency of surgeries realized before and after revealed to have a nonsignificant difference (p = 0.4651). When the patients were stratified by age group, significant difference was found regarding the number of surgeries performed previously the pandemic (p = 0.0366) – a finding that was not confirmed following its onset (p = 0.3508). Conclusion: At the university hospital analyzed, COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant impact on the frequency of surgeries for PC. Either, after its beginning, age no longer exerted an influence on the treatment decision. Keywords: Penile Neoplasm, Penile Cancer, COVID-19 Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-27 Volume: 12 Issue: 08 Year: 2023 Month: August Number: V122023082708 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2708 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2708 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023082708.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:8:p:24-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Iron Oxide Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with Intrinsic Conducting Polymers and Biochar to Improve the Electromagnetic Shielding Performance of Light Weight Absorption-Type Materials Abstract: Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) can be dispersed in a supporting material so that the composite can better respond to electromagnetic fields, absorbing a part of their energy. In the discussion here proposed we will consider the role of these nanoparticles in applications for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Inserted in intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) for instance, the nanoparticles are increasing EMI shielding effectiveness of polymer, producing light weight "absorption-type" shields, which are specifically relevant for absorbing microwaves. Encapsulation of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with polypyrrole and polyaniline will be described in detail and the recent biochar-based composites, Fe3O4@biochar, will be discussed too. Keywords: Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, Fe3O4, Magnetite, Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness, EMI-SE, Reflection loss, Microwaves absorption, Intrinsically conducting polymers, Polypyrrole, Polyaniline, EMI shielding textiles, Biochar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 5-23 Volume: 12 Issue: 08 Year: 2023 Month: August Number: V122023082709 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2709 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2709 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023082709.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:8:p:5-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shude Pang Author-Name: Yingying Shi Author-Name: Yanru Zhang Title: Synthesis and Photophysical Characterization of a Photoaffinity Molecular Switch Abstract: In recent years, the development of some photoswitches based on azobenzene group provides a good tool for high spatio-temporal and precise regulation of ion channels and protein receports, but these small molecular photoswitches are very easily diffused in organisms. To overcome this limit, we have designed a photoswitches SY1 containing photocrosslinked group diazirine. The photoswitch was synthesized by the condensation reaction between azobenzene derivative and diazirine. The structure of the compound was characterized by 1H NMR and HR-MS, and the photophysical properties of the photoswtich SY1 were studied by UV-vis spectroscopy in different solvent systems. The results show that SY1 has excellent photodependent isomerization. Keywords: Photoswitch, Azobenzene, Diazirine, Photo-crosslinking Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-31 Volume: 12 Issue: 08 Year: 2023 Month: August Number: V122023082715 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2715 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2715 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023082715.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:8:p:28-31 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adriano Silvério da Paixão Author-Name: Vanessa Costa Muniz Author-Name: Bárbara Esteves Silva Author-Name: Daniel Salerno Muzilli Author-Name: Laís Yumi Takaoka Author-Name: Lara Godela Delatore Author-Name: Tauane de Lima Fiorillo Author-Name: Laura Ignacio da Cunha Author-Name: Ana Caroline C. da Silva Title: Complications of Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Nutcracker Syndrome: A Literature Review Abstract: Nutcracker Syndrome, a rare anatomical condition, consists of the compression of the Left Renal Vein as it passes at the Aortomesenteric level and results in nonspecific signs and symptoms. Its exact prevalence is unknown and can present at any age, with a peak prevalence between the second and third decade. Its diagnosis is of exclusion and is primarily through imaging tests, with Venography and pressure gradient measurement being the gold standard. Treatment varies according to clinical severity, ranging from conservative measures to surgical approach, either open or endovascular. The latter, despite being safer, can present various complications. In view of this, a literature review was conducted to analyze potential complications of endovascular treatment for Nutcracker Syndrome. A total of 21 articles correlating the complications of endovascular treatment for patients with this syndrome were found and included. Most studies presented restenosis, local fibromuscular hyperplasia, erosion, thrombus occlusion, and stent migration as the main and most common complications. Stent migration can lead to worse outcomes necessitating surgical reapproach. Nutcracker Syndrome, being rare, has few studies that follow the long-term outcomes of possible treatments. Among these, endovascular treatment is currently the most recommended as it is minimally invasive, but it is not failure-free, necessitating individualized stent choice and follow-up to reduce the incidence of various complications. Keywords: Endovascular, Vascular, Nutcracker Syndrome, Complications, Treatment, Pelvic Congestion Syndrome Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-13 Volume: 12 Issue: 09 Year: 2023 Month: September Number: V122023092718 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2718 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2718 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023092718.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:7-13 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yu Zhongjie Title: The Effects of Abusive Supervision on Employee Performance Abstract: In this study, we aim to investigate the phenomenon of abusive supervision and its impact on employee performance. Specifically, we will analyze the potential relationship between these abusive behaviors and specific work-related roles using relevant secondary resources. The data utilized in this research is derived from quantitative studies conducted within various organizations across multiple industries. Our findings indicate a negative correlation between supervisor bullying behavior and subordinate productivity levels. Keywords: Abusive Supervision, Consequences, Employee Performance Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 12 Issue: 09 Year: 2023 Month: September Number: V122023092719 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2719 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2719 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023092719.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: SERS Spectral Bands of L-Cysteine, Cysteamine and Homocysteine Fitted by Tsallis q-Gaussian Functions Abstract: Tsallis q-Gaussian functions are probability distributions possessing a shape which can be stretched from a Lorentzian to a Gaussian profile, according to the q-index parameter of their generalized exponentials. As we have previously shown, the q-Gaussian functions can be successfully applied to the deconvolution of Raman bands. Here we consider them for being used in the analyses of the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectral bands. The case studies here considered are the SERS spectra published by Sherman et al., in 2020, of L-Cysteine, Cysteamine and Homocysteine. Sherman and coworkers prepared these metabolites in silver colloids with sodium citrate. Keywords: Tsallis q-Gaussian Distribution, Gaussian Distribution, Cauchy Distribution, Lorentzian Distribution, Raman Spectroscopy, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, SERS, L-Cysteine, Cysteamine, Homocysteine Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 14-24 Volume: 12 Issue: 09 Year: 2023 Month: September Number: V122023092721 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2721 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2721 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023092721.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:14-24 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Theint Theint Htun Author-Name: Wen Yali Author-Name: Aye Chan Ko Ko Title: Assessing Local People’ Perceptions and Attitudes on Protected Areas in Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar Abstract: Understanding conservation attitudes of local communities is essential to the long -term survival of protected areas. Perception and attitudes towards protected areas may greatly be influenced by the various kinds of relationship that exists between the local communities and the protected area management. Studies that have focused on local people’s responses to protected areas indicate that attitudes towards protected areas and conservation in general are also greatly influenced by benefits obtained. This study aims to explore the factors influencing conservation attitudes of villagers who live near around the Popa Mountain Park (PMP) in Myanmar. A sample of 174 households was randomly selected from three villages adjoining the Park to collect the data using structured questionnaire interviews, focus group discussion with local residents and directly observation to the environment. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine which significant factors influence in predicting attitude towards conservation. Logistic regression showed that forest dependency and limited access to forest resources are found to be significant predictors of conservation attitudes. The findings go along with most of similar studies that, providing alternative source of income for the livelihood through employment opportunities or by an income source from agricultural will greatly reduce the forest dependence. The research concluded that consideration to household socioeconomic characteristics near around the PMP is essential in protected area management. The study recommends that environmental education programme should be encouraged in order to reduce dependence on the protected forests. Moreover, the government should consider measures to increase agricultural production and generate off-farm employment opportunities for local communities in general and strengthen conservation activities especially around the Popa Mountain Park. Keywords: Socio-economic Characteristics, Conservation Attitudes, Popa Mountain Park (PMP), Protected Area, Myanmar Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 25-34 Volume: 12 Issue: 09 Year: 2023 Month: September Number: V122023092722 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2722 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2722 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023092722.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:25-34 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aye Chan Ko Ko Author-Name: Zhang Ying Author-Name: Theint Theint Htun Title: A Financial Cost-benefit Analysis of Forest Plantation for Restoration Program in Shan State of Myanmar Abstract: Understanding the costs and benefits of plantations can provide a better way for resources management in restoration area. This paper focuses on the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) for financial performance of the plantations. A combination of secondary information survey method and field survey method for data collection was carried out in this study. On the basis of an annual discount rate of 10%, the results indicate positive NPVs, pure teak plantation would attain the highest BCR and the acceptable NPV, but its IRR is smaller than agroforestry practice due to the discounting effect of late return over a long investment period. Pure teak plantation is found to be most profitable following by agroforestry practice (teak and turmeric) and pine plantation. From a pure financial point of view, plantations should be encouraged but its long-term productivity and adverse ecological effects have to be taken into account. It also needs systematically calculation to obtain high-quality timber in the final harvest of forest plantations, but also to obtain large volume of timber to satisfy more economic benefits. The results provide valuable information for plantation policy for the government. Keywords: Plantation, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Net Present Value, Internal Rate Of Return, Shan State Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 35-42 Volume: 12 Issue: 09 Year: 2023 Month: September Number: V122023092723 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2723 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2723 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023092723.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:9:p:35-42 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Camila Klotz Author-Name: Lívia Fratelli Author-Name: Bruno Hideo Nishi Author-Name: Lilian Castiglioni Author-Name: Luis Cesar Fava Spessoto Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Title: Treatment Satisfaction of Peyronie's Disease Patients at a Teaching Hospital Abstract: Background: The penis can be affected by several pathologies, including Peyronie's Disease (PD), a condition characterized by structural alterations caused by disorders that occur during tunica albuginea healing. Several clinical treatment options exist for the management of this pathology, however the benefits of many have not been proven scientifically. The objective of this study was to investigate the management and follow-up of Peyronie's disease patients in order to identify the treatments provided and the respective degrees of patient satisfaction. Over 18-year-old male patients with early onset Peyronie's disease (less than three months) treated at an outpatient urological clinic between 2015 and 2020 were retrospectively studied. Results: The most commonly used treatment was the combination of pentoxifylline, vitamin E and colchicine (44%). There is evidence of a significant association between the type of clinical treatment used and the results of surgery. Although 37.2% of the patients had surgical complications, 32 of the 43 individuals who underwent the surgical procedure were satisfied with the results. Conclusions: Treatment satisfaction of Peyronie's disease patients was higher for those submitted to surgical treatment compared to clinical treatment. Keywords: Peyronie's Disease, Erectile Dysfunction, Surgery, Penile Prosthesis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 Month: October Number: V122023102726 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2726 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2726 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023102726.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Valdecir Carlos Tadei Author-Name: Domingo Marcolino Braile Title: Public-Private Partnerships as a Public Health Management Strategy in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: A Historical Overview Abstract: Novel strategies for improving the management of public health services have been the object of discussion in Brazil since the implantation of the universal public healthcare system. Public-private partnerships are among the options in the quest for greater efficiency in the offer of public health services. A novel health management model implemented by the Secretary of Health of the state of São Paulo involving Social Health Organizations (SHOs) has achieved good results, with quite positive indicators of efficiency, quality of care and the economy of financial resources, constituting a successful public health management experience in the state. Further studies are needed at medical specialty clinics administrated by SHOs, with an emphasis on aspects related to health indicators and the quality of life of the population. Keywords: Public Health, Medical Care, Quality Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-8 Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 Month: October Number: V122023102729 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2729 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2729 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023102729.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:6-8 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adepo Yapo Prosper Author-Name: FOFANA Ibrahim Author-Name: Dembelé Syndoux Title: Nutritional Composition and Clinical Tolerance of a Food Plant in Female Wistar Rats: The Case of Moringa oleifera Species Abstract: Moringa oleifera L. is a plant used throughout the world in many fields, including agriculture, health and nutrition. Moringa oleifera leaves are consumed throughout West Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire by vulnerable populations. With a view to enhancing the value of the Moringa oleifera plant, a contribution to nutritional composition and clinical tolerance in rats force-fed an aqueous extract of this plant was studied. The study was carried out experimentally on 12 adult female Albino Wistar rats divided into two (2) batches of six (6) rats. The first batch received distilled water by gavage (twice a day for 4 days), while the second received the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera at 0.2 g/mL by gavage. Nutritional composition indicated protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash and dietary fiber contents of 26.12±0.18%; 6.8±0.13%; 14.37±0.26%; 9.5±0.67% and 43.2±0.519% respectively. Acidity and pH values were also 1.1±0.0 meq/100 g and 5.3±0.00 respectively. After observation, all animals survived for the duration of the experiment and showed no adverse clinical signs. This shows that the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera is not only rich in nutrients, but is also clinically tolerated by rats. These results open up interesting prospects for the use of the Moringa oleifera plant in the form of an alicament that could be an effective means of combating public health diseases in breastfeeding women. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Clinical Signs, Female Rats, Nutritional Composition Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 9-12 Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Year: 2023 Month: October Number: V122023102730 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2730 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2730 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023102730.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:10:p:9-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Enzo Faria Cunha Author-Name: Fernando Nestor Facio Junior Author-Name: Lilian Castiglioni Author-Name: Ana Karoline Sepedro Lima Author-Name: Mariana Carvalho Graziano Title: Comorbidities Associated with Erectile Dysfunction Following Radical Prostatectomy at a University Hospital Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men. The main therapeutic approach is radical prostatectomy (RP), which exposes patients to erectile dysfunction (ED) as a postoperative risk. In the present retrospective study, records were analyzed of 431 patients submitted to RP. The prevalence of ED in the sample was 84.7%. Higher Gleason scores denote greater disease aggressivity and predispose patients to a greater use of tadalafil in the postoperative period. Older patients and those with high PSA levels used fewer medications for ED, possibly due to the lower response to the drugs. Moreover, ED following RP was correlated with anxiety and depression, predisposing patients to a greater use of medications for ED at the onset of treatment. Adjunct therapy to RP (hormone blocking and/or radiotherapy) was associated with a higher frequency of persistent ED. Thus, age, Gleason score, anxiety, depression, diabetes mellitus and adjunct therapy are variables that predispose patients to a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy. Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Prostatectomy, Erectile Dysfunction, Comorbidities, Diabetes Mellitus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 Month: November Number: V122023102731 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2731 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2731 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023112731.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Convolution and Fourier Transform: from Gaussian and Lorentzian Functions to q-Gaussian Tsallis Functions Abstract: A discussion is here proposed regarding the Voigt function, that is the convolution of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions, and the Lévy and q-Gaussian Tsallis distributions. The Voigt and q-Gaussian functions can be used as line shapes in Raman spectroscopy for fitting spectra. Using the convolution theorem, we can obtain the relaxations which are producing the Voigt line shape. To determine the relaxation governing the q-Gaussian line shape, we need to use the Lévy symmetric distribution, since the direct Fourier transform of the q-Gaussian is a very complicated function. According to the work by Deng, 2010, the q-Gaussian functions are mimicking the Lévy functions in an excellent manner. Being the Fourier transform of the Lévy function a stretched exponential relaxation, we can argue that the same mechanism is producing the q-Gaussian line shape. Moreover, using the convolution theorem for the q-Gaussians, we can further generalize the relaxation mechanism. Keywords: Tsallis q-Gaussian Distribution, Voigt Distribution, pseudo-Voigt Distribution, Lévy Distribution, Convolution Theorem Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-11 Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 Month: November Number: V122023112732 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2732 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2732 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023112732.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:7-11 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriella Beltrame Pintos Author-Name: Adriano Silvério da Paixão Author-Name: Vinicius Costa Lopes Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Author-Name: Henrique Rabelo Cortines Author-Name: Guilherme Cerqueira Gonzales Author-Name: Rafael de Souza Aguiar Author-Name: Daniel Salerno Muzilli Author-Name: Eduardo Bueno Silveira Author-Name: Caio Trajano Siqueira Salgado Title: Testicular Tuberculosis: Case Report and Diagnostic Challenge Abstract: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, often associated with pulmonary infection. It is essential to recognize that this pathology can manifest in various parts of the body. The most common extrapulmonary manifestation is in the genitourinary system. The diagnosis of testicular tuberculosis is often complicated, as the symptoms can be nonspecific and overlap with other testicular conditions. A case was reported of a male patient, incarcerated, with a painless, indurated lesion in the left scrotum, evolving over approximately 5 months, who was later diagnosed with testicular tuberculosis. Emphasizing the importance of considering this differential diagnosis in patients with epididymitis that is difficult to resolve and who belong to risk populations, for appropriate treatment. Keywords: Genitourinary Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Urogenital Tuberculosis, Testicular Tuberculosis Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-14 Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 Month: November Number: V122023112733 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2733 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2733 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023112733.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:12-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gabriella Beltrame Pintos Author-Name: Gabriela Batiston Tomasi Author-Name: Camila Klotz Author-Name: Laura Figueiredo Villa Author-Name: João Roberto Antonio Author-Name: Eduardo Vilela de Andrade Author-Name: Nathan Lacerda Paulo Author-Name: Bianca Pansanato Osada Title: Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy with Excelents Results in the Treatment of Post-Infectious Telogen Effluvium Abstract: Telogen Effluvium is defined as diffuse hair loss without scarring of the scalp which occurs after a stressful event. The storm of inflammatory cytokines can lead to the premature interruption of the anagen phase, resulting in excessive hair loss. The diagnosis is clinical. A 67-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of stabilized androgenetic alopecia was infected with SARS-CoV-2 and, two months later, sought dermatological care due to intense hair loss. Telogen Effluvium was diagnosed in addition to her existing condition. Treatment involved the infiltration of active agents, combined with red LED and Fraxel laser in the affected area of the scalp, alternating with intralesional Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) injections into the scalp. Daily use of finasteride and oral biotin, along with topical minoxidil, was also part of the therapy. The result was significant hair recovery. Further research is needed to better define treatment guidelines. Keywords: Alopecia, Telogen Effluvium, Platelet-Rich Plasma Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-18 Volume: 12 Issue: 11 Year: 2023 Month: November Number: V122023112734 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2734 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2734 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023112734.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:11:p:15-18 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gulshan Khatun Author-Name: Shakila Sultana Author-Name: Zafar Iqbal Khan Author-Name: Nazma Parveen Author-Name: Khandker Farid Uddin Ahmed Title: Performance Evaluation of a Three-Bed (Unequal Bed) Adsorption Chiller Employing an Advanced Mass Recovery Process Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer among men. The main therapeutic approach is radical prostatectomy (RP), which exposes patients to erectile dysfunction (ED) as a postoperative risk. In the present retrospective study, records were analyzed of 431 patients submitted to RP. The prevalence of ED in the sample was 84.7%. Higher Gleason scores denote greater disease aggressivity and predispose patients to a greater use of tadalafil in the postoperative period. Older patients and those with high PSA levels used fewer medications for ED, possibly due to the lower response to the drugs. Moreover, ED following RP was correlated with anxiety and depression, predisposing patients to a greater use of medications for ED at the onset of treatment. Adjunct therapy to RP (hormone blocking and/or radiotherapy) was associated with a higher frequency of persistent ED. Thus, age, Gleason score, anxiety, depression, diabetes mellitus and adjunct therapy are variables that predispose patients to a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy. Keywords: Prostate Cancer, Prostatectomy, Erectile Dysfunction, Comorbidities, Diabetes Mellitus Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 12 Issue: 12 Year: 2023 Month: December Number: V122023120 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2735 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2735 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V122023122735.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:12:y:2023:i:12:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Kubo Lineshape and its Fitted q-Gaussian Tsallis Function Abstract: Here we consider the Kubo lineshape, that is the Fourier transform of Kubo stochastic time-correlation function, and its fitted q-Gaussian function. In particular we investigate how q-Tsallis Gaussian functions can be used as a substitute of a Kubo lineshape. In fact, the q-Gaussian has a simple analytic expression, whereas the Kubo lineshape requires a numerical calculation of Fourier transform. The aim of this investigation is to further generalize the application of q-Gaussian Tsallis functions in Raman spectroscopy. Keywords: Raman spectroscopy, q-Gaussian Tsallis lines, Time correlation functions, WolframAlpha by Wolfram Research Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 13 Issue: 01 Year: 2024 Month: January Number: V132024012742 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2742 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2742 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024012742.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Title: Analysis of Myelin Using the Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: Both Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and possibly Alzheimer Disease (AD) are caused by damage of myelin sheath, which is an insulating layer of lipids and proteins surrounding nerves. By using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which can identify critical parameters for function/interaction of biological molecules, we have analysed here all the participants in the formation and stability of myelin with the aim to understand its complex function. Interestingly, we have identified here that all participants in myelin formation and stability do have only one common RRM frequency, indicating that this RRM frequency is critical for myelin formation and stability. With such identified RRM characteristic frequency, the next step would be to design de novo bioactive peptides, which might be able to facilitate repair of damaged myelin and could lead to new possible treatment of MS and AD. Keywords: Myelin, Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer Disease, Resonant Recognition Model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-14 Volume: 13 Issue: 01 Year: 2024 Month: January Number: V132024012743 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2743 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2743 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024012743.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:10-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mee-Jung Kim Title: Seeds Treatment with Ginger (Zingiber officinals Rosc.) Extract Enhanced the Yield and Nutritional Value of Soybean Sprouts Abstract: Soybean sprouts have long been established as the major vegetables in Korea, China, and Japan for a long time. The yield and quality of soybean sprouts are influenced by various factors, including seed-soaking and cultivation conditions. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ginger extracts on the production and nutrients content of soybean sprouts. Soybean seeds soaked in three concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 3%, w/v) of ginger extract and tap water for 6h were named GE-0.5, GE-1, GE-3, and control, respectively. The highest soybean sprout yield was found GE-1, followed by GE-3 and GE-0.5, which had 11.5%, 0.9%, and 7.4% increments, respectively, compared to the control. The contents of vitamin C and total polyphenol were higher in many of the ginger extract-treated soybean sprouts than in the control. The results indicated that pro-soaking soybean seeds before cultivation in low concentrations (0.5~1%, w/v) of ginger extract could be helpful to enhance the yield and nutritional value of soybean sprouts. Keywords: Nutrient, Antioxidant Potential, Ginger Extract, Soybean Sprouts Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 46-51 Volume: 13 Issue: 01 Year: 2024 Month: January Number: V132024012744 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2744 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2744 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024012744.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:46-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Town and the Templum, in the Discussions by Nissen, Nietzsche, Valeton, Catalano and many others Abstract: According to Heinrich Nissen, in his Das Templum, 1869, the Roman town is a templum, an inaugurated space with its main axis, the decumanus, oriented towards the sunrise. The day on which the decumanus’ direction was established, according to Nissen, was also the Dies Natalis of the town, and was associated with a festival in the Roman calendar. Nissen seems to have been the first to associate decumanus, sunrise, and festivals of the Roman calendar together. Nissen's Das Templum was used by Friedrich Nietzsche for his Der Gottesdienst der Griechen, which contains the lectures on the Greek cult that Nietzsche held between 1875 and 1878. Nietzsche endorsed Nissen's thesis regarding the decumanus. A totally different position is that of Isaac Valeton who, in his De Templis Romani (1983), shows that the town is not a templum and therefore does not require its decumanus ritually oriented to the sunrise. Valeton demonstrated that, according to Roman laws, the ground of the town is profane, and used by common people, subjected to the rule of the magistrate, not of àugurs. So Valeton criticizes Nissen's theory. We will also see in detail the discussion by Pierangelo Catalano, 1978, regarding the spatial aspects of the Roman juridical-religious system. In Catalano we find reiterated that the town is not a templum. Other scholar studies will be mentioned such as, for example, those by F. Castagnoli and J. Le Gall, which say the same. Regarding the centuriation, i.e. the subdivision of agricultural land, Castagnoli, Catalano and Le Gall stress that it is not a templum. Several scholars have therefore stressed that the town is not a templum, and the same for centuriation; this fact needs to be reiterated because archaeoastronomical approaches exist claiming to infer conclusions about the Roman world without considering Valeton, Catalano, Castagnoli, Le Gall and others’ opinions about the templa. Keywords: Surveying, Roman Surveying, Roman Religion, Centuriation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-45 Volume: 13 Issue: 01 Year: 2024 Month: January Number: V132024012745 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2745 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2745 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024012745.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:1:p:15-45 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lei PENG Author-Name: Xi DING Author-Name: Yifei XU Author-Name: Ellie Vaisman Title: A Study on the Nicotine Testing Method Using Nano-Structured Fe Doped MgNi2O3 Abstract: In this study, we have synthesized MgNi2O3 and 2.5wt% Fe-MgNi2O3 nanoparticles by sol-gel combustion method and characterized by powder XRD, FTIR, FESEM and cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, and amperometric method for confirmation of structural, shape, morphological and electrochemistry properties. These studies reveal that the particles have spherical in shape and unique electrochemical properties. An electrochemical sensor based on 2.5wt% Fe- MgNi2O3 nanoparticles (NP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been fabricated and used for electrochemical determination of Nicotine (NIC) as an analyte. Iron-doped MgNi2O3 modified GCE shows one strong well-defined separate oxidation peak of NIC in the experiment of cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The modified electrode displayed a Nicotine Testing Platform with high selectivity, sensitivity, good stability, and reproducibility. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-7 Volume: 13 Issue: 02 Year: 2024 Month: February Number: V132024012746 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2746 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2746 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024022746.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:1-7 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Raman Spectroscopy of Siderite with q-Gaussian and split-q-Gaussian Analyses Abstract: In a previous review, ChemRxiv, 2023, we have considered the iron oxides and their related Raman spectra; in the review, fingerprints of Magnetite, Maghemite, Hematite, Goethite, Lepidocrocite, Akaganeite and Siderite have been given and the q-Gaussian fitting of some Magnetite, Hematite and Lepidocrocite Raman bands has been proposed too. Here we consider one of the Raman bands of Siderite and its fitted q-Gaussian and split-q-Gaussian functions in depth. In the RRUFF database six natural siderite samples are included, and for three of them we can find Raman spectra obtained with different excitation lasers. These spectra allow us to investigate in detail the behavior of the fitted q-Gaussian curves. A discussion about the origin of asymmetry is also proposed, relevant for the use of q-Gaussians and the interpretation of them in the framework of Kubo approach. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Siderite, Q-Gaussian Tsallis Functions, Kubo Functions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 8-21 Volume: 13 Issue: 02 Year: 2024 Month: February Number: V132024022747 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2747 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2747 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024022747.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:2:p:8-21 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Fitted q-Gaussian Function, from Voigt Profile to Kubo Lineshape Abstract: Several previously discussed cases have shown that the q-Gaussian Tsallis functions can be used for fitting the bands of Raman spectra. Here, considering an article by Thibault et al., 2002, we can add the case of the Raman Q branch of carbon monoxide, for mixtures with Argon at different temperatures. In Thibault et al., a plot is available for the Q(5) line with a fitted Voigt function. A q-Gaussian Tsallis function can be used for fitting this line too. We will note that the fitted q-Gaussian has the wings which are not Lorentzian. At the same time, the wings are not Gaussian. Besides the use of q-Gaussians, a discussion will be proposed about the time correlation functions related to different line shapes (q-Gaussian, Egelstaff-Schofield, Kubo, BWF, Voigt, speed-dependent Voigt, Galatry, Rautian, HTP). Some of these line shapes have been proposed for the high-resolution spectroscopy of gases; however, their knowledge can be relevant also for the condensed matter spectroscopy. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Time Correlation Functions, WolframAlpha Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-16 Volume: 13 Issue: 03 Year: 2024 Month: March Number: V132024022750 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2750 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2750 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024032750.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:1-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Water, q-Gaussians and Raman Spectroscopy Abstract: A large literature exists about the Raman spectroscopy of water. Here we present some articles regarding the spectral region between 2800 and 3800 cm−1, that is the O-H stretching Raman band, and the proposed decomposition obtained by means of Gaussian profiles. We will also approach the decomposition of this region with three q-Gaussian functions, instead of the five Gaussians usually considered. Being the q-parameter of q-Gaussians related to the correlation time of stochastic Kubo modelling of fluctuations, we propose the use of this parameter to characterize the local environments of O-H bonds. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, Q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Hydrogen Bonds, O-H Stretching Band Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 17-25 Volume: 13 Issue: 03 Year: 2024 Month: March Number: V132024032751 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2751 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2751 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024032751.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:17-25 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: The Western Han Dynasty Pyramids and their Orientation in TessaDEM Elevation Maps Abstract: The burial complexes of the Western Han dynasty have two main elements, which are the huge pyramidal mounds of the emperor and his empress. Besides these pyramidal pair mounds, also known as Chinese Pyramids, each burial complex included a mausoleum city and a satellite burial area. In 2012, we discussed a possible orientation of the two main pyramids according to the sunrise and sunset on solstices and equinoxes. Here we must consider again this solar orientation in the framework of another relevant aspect of the Chinese Pyramids Xianyang’s area, that is the geographical location according to elevation maps. TessaDEM kindly provides the elevation maps, via the topographic-map.com web site. Interestingly, the maps are showing that the position and orientation of the pyramids is consistent with local elevation profiles. Keywords: Satellite Imagery, Elevation Maps, Tessadem Maps, Surveying, Chinese Pyramids, Western Han Disaty Burial Complexes Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 26-36 Volume: 13 Issue: 03 Year: 2024 Month: March Number: V132024032752 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2752 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2752 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024032752.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:3:p:26-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Applying q-Gaussians to the OH-stretching Raman bands of Water and Ice Abstract: In a previous discussion, we started showing how the q-Gaussian functions, also known as Tsallis functions, can be applied to the Raman spectroscopy investigations of the spectral region between 2800 and 3800 cm−1, that is the OH-stretching Raman band of water. We decomposed the spectral region in three q-Gaussians. Being the q-parameter of q-Gaussians related to the correlation time of stochastic Kubo modelling of fluctuations, we proposed the use of this parameter to characterize the local environments of OH bonds. Here, we further discuss the OH-stretching Raman band of water and consider the same spectral region in the case of ice, to understand how the decomposition in q-Gaussians changes in the number of components and values of q-parameters. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Hydrogen Bonds, OH Stretching Band, Kubo Stochastic Model of Fluctuations Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-10 Volume: 13 Issue: 04 Year: 2024 Month: April Number: V132024042756 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2756 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2756 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024042756.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:4:p:1-10 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Chunxue Xu Author-Name: Guohui Jiang Author-Name: Lixia Ji Title: High-Fat Diet Aggravate the Glycolipid Metabolic Disorder in Offspring Mice of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Abstract: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) changes maternal uterine microenvironment, increasing the risk of metabolic diseases in offspring in adult. In this study, we explored the effects of diet intervention on glucose and lipid metabolism in adult mice of GDM offspring. The GDM mice model was established by high-fat diet (HFD), and the 8-week aged offspring-mice were randomly divided into Chow group and HFD group. Four weeks later, the levels of OGTT, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were monitored. The results showed that the levels of blood glucose, serum TC and TG in the offspring of HFD group were significantly increased, especially in GDM-HFD group, but there was no significant difference between Normal-Chow group and GDM-Chow group. These data showed that under chow diet, the glucose and lipid levels of GDM offspring increased slightly, but under high metabolic stress, glucose and lipid metabolism were markedly disordered, which emphasized that high-calorie diet could aggravate the disorder of glucose and lipid metabolism in GDM-offspring mice. Keywords: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Dietary Intervention, Glucose And Lipid Metabolism, Offspring Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-4 Volume: 13 Issue: 05 Year: 2024 Month: May Number: V132024052761 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2761 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2761 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024052761.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:5:p:1-4 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Felipe Argolo Paraiso Author-Name: Débora Moreira Carneiro Rezeck Author-Name: Giovanna Dias Junqueira de Souza Author-Name: Enzo Faria Cunha Author-Name: Márcia Fumie da Rocha Author-Name: Érica Manuela da Silva Boa Sorte Author-Name: Paula Andraous Merhi Author-Name: Sara de Freitas Abrão Author-Name: Leonardo Oliveira Alves Borborema Júnior Author-Name: Nadim Isaac Filho Author-Name: Amanda Peixoto dos Santos Author-Name: Jessica Spagnol Bose Title: Extensive Hepatocellular Adenoma Causing Dyspeptic Symptoms: Case Report Abstract: Hepatocellular adenoma is a benign solid hepatic tumor of varying size. Objective: To describe the case of a patient taking a combined oral contraceptive who presented with extensive focal points of hepatocellular adenoma causing dyspeptic syndrome and was submitted to surgical treatment. Conclusion: Extensive hepatocellular adenoma is uncommon in the general population. However, this paper describes a patient taking a combined oral contraception who developed this symptomatic condition without any other associated risk factors. Keywords: Hepatocellular Adenoma, Dyspepsia, Contraceptive Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 28-29 Volume: 13 Issue: 06 Year: 2024 Month: June Number: V132024052764 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2764 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2764 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024062764.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:28-29 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Marcelo Queiroz Oliveira Author-Name: Fernanda Bombonato Smecellato Author-Name: Eduardo Bueno Silveira Author-Name: Giovanni Vitor Garabini Author-Name: Erick Luís Gobbi Author-Name: Eloisa Ianes Frota Author-Name: Natália Yasmin Elisiário Barreto da Silva Author-Name: José Augusto Pezati Tenani Title: Conservative Management of Perineal Impalement Trauma with Laparoscopic Approach: Case Report Abstract: Perineal impalement injuries are uncommon and involve important structures that can be damaged, leading to a high risk of bleeding and affecting vital structures, which if damaged can result in significant sequelae. The approach to these injuries depends on the patient's hemodynamic stability, the trajectory of the penetrating object, and the resources available at the treatment site. In stable patients, computed tomography allows assessment of vascular injuries, involvement of adjacent structures, and whether the abdominal cavity has been breached. In cases where there is doubt regarding peritoneal violation, diagnostic laparoscopy can be employed. Currently, there are no guidelines for managing these injuries, making them a challenge for surgeons. We present a clinical case of a 17-year-old patient who suffered perineal impalement trauma with a wooden stake following a motorcycle accident, where a laparoscopic approach was chosen due to penetrating trauma associated with free abdominal fluid and uncertainty regarding peritoneal violation after imaging exams. In selected cases, minimally invasive techniques for managing impalement injuries can provide greater safety regarding vital structure involvement while being less invasive and morbid. Keywords: Perineal Trauma, Impalement, Laparoscopy, Foreign Body, Perineorrhaphy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-12 Volume: 13 Issue: 06 Year: 2024 Month: June Number: V132024062767 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2767 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2767 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024062767.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:10-12 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: q-Gaussian and q-BWF Functions Applied to the Decomposition of Pulsar Profiles: Preliminary Results Abstract: The EPN Database of Pulsar Profiles contains data provided by several generous researchers. The data of pulsar profiles are proposed in three different formats. One is the plain text format which allows an easy use of data to test fitting procedures. Literature reports pulsar profile fits made by means of Gaussian line shapes. Here we propose the use of the q-Gaussian functions, which are generalizing the Gaussian functions. Since the observed profiles are also asymmetric, we propose the use for fitting of the q-BWF functions too. These functions are generalizing the Breit-Wigner-Fano line shapes, with the Breit-Wigner factor substituted by the q-exponential function. The q-exponential was proposed by Constantino Tsallis in 1988 for his generalization of Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Preliminary fitting examples are here shown, of some profiles from the EPN Database. Keywords: Pulsar Profiles, Profile Decomposition, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Breit-Wigner-Fano Line Shape, q-BWF Line Shape Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 13 Issue: 06 Year: 2024 Month: June Number: V132024062768 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2768 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2768 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024062768.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Emre ULUTAŞ Author-Name: Onur Yemenici Title: Numerical Investigation of Flow Characteristics on Camera Side Mirrors in Vehicles Abstract: In this study, the flow characteristics affecting camera side mirrors, which are used in modern concept vehicles and electric vehicles, were numerically investigated. Additionally, a slot was designed parallel to the flow surface in the camera side mirror model, and the effect of the slot on the drag coefficient was examined. The analyses were conducted at speeds of 20 m/s, 30 m/s, and 40 m/s, using the SST k-ω turbulence model. The computational domain was 800 mm in width, 800 mm in height, and 1200 mm in length, with the mirror positioned 400 mm from the inlet. The analyses showed that the drag coefficient decreased as the speed increased for all mirror models. The maximum improvement in the drag coefficient was observed at a speed of 40 m/s with Model1 camera side mirror with a slot. The drag coefficient values for Model1 camera side mirrors with and without a slot were 45.8% and 33.4% lower, respectively, compared to the traditional mirror. Keywords: Camera Side Mirror, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Drag Coefficient, Aerodynamics Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 13-17 Volume: 13 Issue: 06 Year: 2024 Month: June Number: V132024062769 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2769 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2769 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024062769.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:13-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Gaussian and q-Gaussian Functions for the Decomposition of J1022+1001 Pulsar Profiles Abstract: The pulsar profiles are profiles obtained by pulse sequences averaged on several cycles. The mean profiles are usually decomposed in Gaussian components, but decompositions in von Mises functions have been proposed too. The Gaussian decompositions can be based on the central limit theorem (CLT), so that a Gaussian component can be regarded as an attractor in the space of distributions with finite variance. Well-known non-Gaussian attractors exist and are the Lévy distributions. Other proposed attractors are the q-Gaussian functions, which are generalizing the Gaussians in the Tsallis q-statistics. These functions have power-law tails. For parameter q equal to 1, the q-Gaussians become the standard Gaussian distributions. In this framework of Gaussian and non-Gaussian attractors, we propose decompositions of pulsar profiles both in Gaussian and q-Gaussian functions. Our investigation is aiming to compare the decompositions to highlight possible differences and dependences on q-parameters. Here we consider, in particular, the intensity profiles given by the EPN Database of Pulsar Profiles, of J1022+1001 at several frequencies. Power-law behaviors of the leading edges have been observed. Keywords: Pulsar Profiles, Profile Decomposition, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Central Limit Theorem Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-27 Volume: 13 Issue: 06 Year: 2024 Month: June Number: V132024062772 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2772 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2772 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024062772.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:6:p:18-27 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Carbon Nanotubes in Raman Spectroscopy Abstract: In previous discussions we have considered the Raman spectra of specific carbon-based materials, such as diamond, graphite, and the biochar resulting from pyrolysis of biomass. We have shown how spectra can be decomposed, according to the intended number of components and the proper line shapes. Here, we approach the Raman spectra of graphene and graphene oxide, to understand how many components are required to interpret the related fingerprints. Besides graphene and graphene oxides, here we also review some literature about the Raman spectroscopy of carbon nanotubes, focusing especially on the line shapes. As shown by literature, the Raman spectra are able of giving information on the nature of nanotubes (metallic or semiconducting) and if they are single- or multi-walled structures. We will find that the Raman spectroscopy is able of investigating even a single nanotube. It will be stressed the role of curvature in breaking the symmetry of carbon layers, to produce the observed Raman bands. In particular, the existence of Breit-Wigner-Fano lines will be investigated. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, Spectrum Decomposition, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Graphene, Graphene Oxide, Carbo Nanotubes, Carbon-based Materials Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-26 Volume: 13 Issue: 07 Year: 2024 Month: July Number: V132024062773 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2773 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2773 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024072773.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:1-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yuanjing Zhu Title: Assessing the Impact of Income Inequality and Economic Factors on National Carbon Emissions Abstract: In this study, we focused on better understanding and modeling economic factors into a nation’s carbon emissions. Our analysis highlights this objective in a two-folded manner, centered on how different economic status groups affect a nation’s carbon footprint as well as using key economic and demographic characteristics to categorize nations into high, medium, or low carbon emitters. Utilizing the World Inequality Database (WID), we obtained data on income inequality, national wealth, national income, population, and carbon footprints from ten countries worldwide in a 20-year time frame. We successfully developed two generalized models and concluded that the bottom 50% income bracket accounts for the most carbon emissions within a country. Additionally, by analyzing the values of national income, wealth, and population, we derived a model that predicts and categorizes a country’s emission level with 93% accuracy. These conclusions can potentially assist countries in understanding their global standing and facilitates policy-making to control carbon emissions. Keywords: Carbon Footprint, Income Inequality, Economic Factors, Generalized Mixed Models, Environmental Policy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 27-35 Volume: 13 Issue: 07 Year: 2024 Month: July Number: V132024072774 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2774 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2774 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024072774.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:27-35 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Generalized Mass Additivity in Special Relativity Abstract: Starting from literature about invariant mass, we will discuss the expression of the generalized additivity of masses in the special relativity for a system of particles. We will show the general formula of additivity in the framework of hyperbolic geometry too, showing it being invariant. Keywords: Special Relativity, Hyperbolic Geometry Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 36-40 Volume: 13 Issue: 07 Year: 2024 Month: July Number: V132024072777 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2777 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2777 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024072777.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:36-40 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Qiuyu Tian Author-Name: Hongwei Tang Author-Name: Xiaohong Wang Title: A Weakly Supervised Learning Approach to Anomaly Detection on Cloud Server Configuration Abstract: Cloud computing platforms have become increasingly popular across various industries, offering publicly accessible computing, storage, and network solutions to meet the demands of building, scaling, and managing applications. A critical component of these platforms is the recommendation system, which significantly influences customer experience and platform revenue. However, variations in customer behavior and product attributes result in different recommendation scenarios across platforms. One key scenario faced by customers of cloud computing platforms is configuration selection. In this paper, we present an innovative approach to detect potentially misconfigured cloud servers in such scenarios. Our method utilizes weakly supervised learning, using server lifetime as a weak signal to guide the configuration anomaly detection model. By implementing this configuration check, we can prevent customers from purchasing misconfigured products, thus promoting a stable and satisfactory relationship between cloud computing platforms and their customers. Keywords: Weakly Supervised Learning, Anomaly Detection, Cloud Computing Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 41-51 Volume: 13 Issue: 07 Year: 2024 Month: July Number: V132024072779 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2779 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2779 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024072779.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:41-51 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Raman Broad Scans of Rare Earth Oxide (REO) Glasses from RRUFF Database, Compared to the Raman spectra of RE Oxides from Raman Open Database Abstract: RRUFF database is proposing the Raman broad scans of glasses CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 with rare earth element (REE) oxides, that is of CaO-RE2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses. Raman data are courtesy of E. Cairns, University of Edinburgh. Here we show how we can use the q-BWF functions to decompose these spectra. The q-BWF functions are generalizing the Breit-Wigner-Fano line shape in the framework of the q-exponential function proposed by Constantino Tsallis and his statistics. Besides asymmetry, the decompositions with q-BWF line shapes are stressing Gaussian and non-Gaussian behaviors of components. The data analysis of CaO-RE2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses is highlighting the presence of photoluminescence regular patterns in the Raman broad scans. In another database, the Raman Open Database (ROD), we can find some spectra of rare-earth oxides. Therefore, it is possible to compare the available REO spectra with those of CaO-RE2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses and study the broadening of the Raman bands. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence, Broad Scan Spectrum, Broadening of Lines, Spectrum Decomposition, q-Gaussian Tsallis Lines, Breit-Wigner-Fano Line Shape, q-BWF Line Shape Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 52-64 Volume: 13 Issue: 07 Year: 2024 Month: July Number: V132024072780 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2780 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2780 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024072780.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:7:p:52-64 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Beatriz Mota Ferreira Faria Author-Name: Marcelo Brito de Godoi Filho Author-Name: Renata Kanaan Machado Author-Name: Julia Miranda Carvalho Author-Name: Rebecca Fiorelli de Lima Author-Name: Eloísa Ianes Frota Author-Name: Heitor Zancheta de Andrade Title: Association between Intestinal Intussusception and Metastatic Cutaneous Melanoma - Case Report Abstract: The acute obstructive abdomen accounts for approximately 20% of emergency surgeries. Intussusception, a type of intestinal obstruction, is more common in children and is typically associated with benign conditions. On the other hand, in adults, intussusception is often associated with an invagination point, in most cases a malignant tumor responsible for altering peristalsis and resulting in invagination of the proximal intestine into the lumen of the distal intestine. This report describes the case of a 40-year-old woman with metastatic cutaneous melanoma who experienced two episodes of intussusception and underwent exploratory laparotomy twice. In both cases, enterectomy with primary anastomosis was performed. Keywords: Intestinal intussusception, Melanoma, Acute abdomen Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 18-22 Volume: 13 Issue: 08 Year: 2024 Month: August Number: V132024082783 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2783 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2783 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024082783.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:18-22 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phyu Phyu Thinn Author-Name: Yi Xie Author-Name: Giuseppe T. Cirella Author-Name: Aung Si Thu Thein Title: Community Forestry Impacts on Local Livelihoods: A Difference-In-Differences Analysis in Mindon Township, Magway Region, Myanmar Abstract: Community forests in Myanmar serve as vital resources for fulfilling local residents’ fundamental needs. This study aims to evaluate the influence of community forestry on the livelihoods of these residents, employing panel data and a difference-in-differences methodology. Central to this evaluation are the important roles played by management committees, which oversee Community Forest User Groups (CFUGs). CFUG members are encouraged to engage in silvicultural activities within designated forest management areas, prioritizing them over plantation initiatives to meet set objectives. The prohibition of shifting cultivations post-establishment has led to a decline in agricultural income and its share. However, CFUGs have leveraged community forests for cattle pasturing and intensified livestock breeding, thereby positively impacting livestock-related income and its share. The establishment of community forests has also resulted in increased availability of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), although strategies related to forestry livelihood and annual income remain largely unaffected. CFUG members have been able to independently collect abundant NTFPs from community forests due to implemented conservation measures. Consequently, community forests have effectively secured critical resources such as firewood and bamboo for local subsistence needs, albeit with restrictions on commercial usage. To further enhance the effectiveness of community forestry initiatives, it is recommended that the Myanmar Forest Department invests in additional training, and extension services, and strengthens collaboration with management committees to foster greater willingness and participation among CFUGs. Moreover, exploring opportunities for commercializing community forest products holds promise for long-term improvements in the livelihoods of local residents. Keywords: Community Rules, Difference-In-Differences Approach, Forest Management Practices, Livelihood Strategies, Local Economy, Management Committees, Sustainable Development Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-17 Volume: 13 Issue: 08 Year: 2024 Month: August Number: V132024082785 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2785 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2785 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024082785.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:1-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Changbiao Yang Author-Name: Feifan Xu Author-Name: Haihong Li Author-Name: Xuemei Jin Author-Name: Yinghui Zhang Title: Study on C-type Frame based on Drilling Derrick Pin Disassembly Mechanism Abstract: In oil and gas exploitation, the derrick is used to place the crane, hanging carriages, as well as carrying a variety of heavy equipment.The derrick mainly contains the body of the derrick, the crossbeam, and the tension bar, which are connected together by the pin shaft.After drilling operations, the derrick pin needs to be removed manually.However, due to the high operational risk and high cost of pin removal.Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a safer method for pin removal.In this paper, a new method of safe pin disassembly is proposed.After lifting the robotic arm and the pin ejector mechanism to a specified position by using a lifting device, the robotic arm is connected to the pin ejector mechanism by quick-change and arrives at the specified operating position, and the pin ejector mechanism is activated to eject the pin.Since the robotic arm and lifting device are standardized products, their reliability meets the requirements.However, the C-frame in the ejector mechanism is mainly used to counteract the reaction force of the pin on the ejector mechanism, and the reliability of this structure has a direct impact on the entire workflow.Therefore, In this paper, the reliability of C type is verified from two aspects of stress and deformation by static analysis.Then, the C-frame structure is topologically optimized, and the optimized structure not only meets the reliability requirements but also achieves the weight reduction of the mechanism.This research further promotes the construction of smart oilfields and can also provide reference value for other engineering fields. Keywords: Derrick Pin Shaft,Automatic Disassembly,Ejection Mechanism,Topology Optimization Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024082786 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2786 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2786 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092786.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Hydroxyl-Stretching Region in the Raman Broad Scans on Minerals of the Vivianite Group (Vivianite, Baricite, Bobierrite, Annabergite, Erythrite) Abstract: Vivianite is a hydrated iron phosphate mineral (Fe3(PO4)2•8H2O), crystallized in a monoclinic system. It is the endmember of a mineral series known as the vivianite group, where minerals have the general formula A3(XO4)2•8H2O, A is a divalent metal cation and X is phosphorus P or arsenic As. Today, vivianite is attracting interest as a promising material for recovering phosphorous from wastewaters. In fact, the presence in wastewater sludges of soluble iron and phosphorus can lead to vivianite formation. As a crystal, it is a naturally occurring Van der Walls material. It can be easily characterized by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopies. Here we will consider the Raman spectroscopy, precisely that related to the hydroxyl-stretching region. We will propose the deconvolutions in q-Gaussian functions of spectra from RRUFF database, comparing the obtained results with those available from literature. Besides vivianite, we will consider also baricite, bobierrite, annabergite and erythrite, other members of the vivianite group. About the hydroxyl-stretching region and the use of q-Gaussians, we take the chance to continue a discussion regarding the Raman spectroscopy of water, discussion that we started in March 2024. Keywords: Vivianite Group Minerals, Vivianite, Baricite, Bobierrite, Annabergite, Erythrite, Raman Spectroscopy, Q-Gaussian Functions, Tsallis Statistics, Hydroxyl-Stretching Raman Region, OH-Stretching Raman Region, Biochar, Wastewater Treatment, Fertilizers, Minerals On Mars, Minerals On Moon Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 23-36 Volume: 13 Issue: 08 Year: 2024 Month: August Number: V132024082787 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2787 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2787 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024082787.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:8:p:23-36 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Faming Zeng Author-Name: Yuanchun Peng Author-Name: Wenyun Chen Author-Name: Yong Wang Author-Name: Xueping Mao Title: Research on Application of Dual-arm Cooperative Robot in Oil Drilling Field Abstract: This paper reviews the application of dual-arm collaborative robots in the assembly and disassembly of derricks (drilling derricks). First, the basic concepts and technical background of dual-arm collaborative robots are introduced, and then its specific applications in the assembly and disassembly of derricks and the challenges it faces are discussed. Finally, the progress of current research is summarized and future development directions are proposed. Keywords: Dual-Arm Collaborative Robot, Derrick, Assembly And Disassembly, Disassembly, Industrial Automation Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-23 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092793 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2793 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2793 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092793.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:7-23 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Haolong Pang Title: Joint Estimation of SOC and SOH for Li-ion Batteries Based on the Dual Kalman Filter Method Abstract: With the widespread use of batteries, many of the devices in our lives rely on them. However, due to the variety and cost of batteries and their impact on the environment, we cannot use them in all devices. In order to ensure that the battery pack can work safely and reliably, the state of charge (SOC) and the state of health (SOH) of the battery must be accurately estimated. In this paper, we use lithium iron phosphate batteries as the research object. By analysing and comparing common battery models in the market, we obtain a second-order Thevenin equivalent circuit model suitable for this research and apply the forgetting factor recursive least squares method (FFRLS) to the parameters. In this paper, the SOC and SOH of the Li-ion battery are jointly simulated and validated using the double extended Kalman filter algorithm, the double particle filter algorithm and the double volume Kalman filter algorithm, and the results of the three algorithms are compared and analysed. The final results of the experiments show that, compared with the other two algorithms, the joint estimation of SOC and SOH of Li-ion batteries using the two-particle filter algorithm can accurately follow the true value, and the maximum absolute error and the average absolute error can be kept within 1%, and the estimation accuracy is more accurate compared with the other algorithms, and the performance of the algorithm effect is superior, meeting the accuracy and The performance of the algorithm is superior and meets the requirements of accuracy and stability of lithium-ion battery state estimation, which plays a reference role for future scientific research related to the development of new energy industry. Keywords: Lithium-ion Battery, State of Charge, Battery Model, State of Health, Dual Kalman Filter Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 24-41 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092797 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2797 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2797 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092797.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:24-41 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Gypsum Crystallization Water: Comparing a Laser Excited Raman Spectrum with a Mercury Resonance Radiation Excited Spectrum (Rasetti Technique) Abstract: Here we consider the gypsum mineral to investigate its broad scan Raman spectrum. The presence of water of crystallization is detected and its OH-stretching spectral region deconvoluted in q-Gaussian functions. That is, we follow the same approach that we used recently for minerals of the natrolite and vivianite groups. In the case of gypsum, we consider the Raman data from Rappal Sangameswaran Krishnan, 1945, and compare the bands given in his work with the components that we can obtain from the spectra provided by RRUFF database. We find a remarkable agreement between R. S. Krishnan’s data and the decompositions in q-Gaussian functions. We will describe also the experimental method used by Krishnan, based on the Franco Rasetti technique with mercury resonance radiation excitation. In the RRUFF database, we can also find an infrared spectrum; we considered it and decomposed in q-Gaussian and q-BWF functions. Keywords: Raman Spectroscopy, q-Gaussian Functions, Tsallis Statistics, Hydroxyl-Stretching Raman Region, OH-Stretching Raman Region, History of Raman Spectroscopy Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 42-49 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092798 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2798 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2798 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092798.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:42-49 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Junmin Quan Title: Examining the Role of Machine Learning Algorithms in Flood Monitoring Systems Abstract: The unpredictable nature of floods often entails the process of monitoring them to be highly sophisticated. Issues with a country’s wellbeing and economic stability often ensue, necessitating newer machine learning algorithms like graphical neural networks (GNNs) and logistic regression model. The main purpose of this paper is to compare the role and effectiveness of the two machine learning algorithms in combating flooding. By exploring on the Yangtze River in China and the Banten province in Jakarta, it proposed positive impacts the GNN model and logistic regression model can have in enhancing flood monitoring systems worldwide. Through systematic selection and examination of existing literature, it found that a GNN model operated at 80-98% accuracy in flood prediction,7 while the logistic regression at 85.05% - 94.39%.5 Still, while there is room for the sphere of influence and accuracy of these models to be improved, they both have the capacity to contribute positively to existing flood monitoring systems due to the unique benefits they each provide. Overall, the paper seeks to add value into existing literature by making a personalized and substantiated judgement regarding the applicability of the GNN and logistic regression model to flood monitoring systems and their potential for future success. Keywords: Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Machine Learning, Graphical Neural Networks, Logistic Regression, Mathematics, Yangtze River, Banten Province Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 50-56 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092799 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2799 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2799 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092799.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:50-56 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Title: A Reconstitution of the Face of the French Bayard Knight (1473?-1524) Based on DNA Analyses and on Informatics Study of his Official Portrait Abstract: We report here results concerning the reconstitution of the face of Bayard (1473?-1524), a famous French knight. This reconstitution was based on six main characteristics of his cranium : (brachygnathy, elevated height of the mandibular corpus, non protruding and squared osseous chin, lepteny, long nose with a bump, and deviation to the right of the nose point), on results of DNA studies (concerning skin, eyes and hair colours and his susceptibility to baldness), and on informatics treatment of his official (of Gariel) portrait. Keywords: Bayard Knight, Reconstitution of His Face, Anatomic Characteristics of His Face, DNA Studies, Informatics Treatment of His Portrait, Facegen Programme Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 57-75 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092801 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2801 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2801 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092801.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:57-75 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Title: Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared Spectra of Carbonate Minerals, Deconvoluted by Means of q-BWF Functions Abstract: Here we consider some carbonate minerals and their attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectra, that we can find in RRUFF database. We apply the q-BWF functions to deconvolute the components of the spectra. The q-BWF functions are the asymmetric line shapes that A. C. Sparavigna defined in 2023, to generalize the BWF (Breit-Wigner-Fano) functions. Nearby all the ATR spectra that we will consider are characterized by the presence of a large peak. We will show that, in the case of aragonite and bastnäsite-(Ce), only one q-BWF function is enough for fitting this main peak. Keywords: Infrared Spectroscopy, ATR Spectroscopy, q-Gaussian Functions, q-BWF Functions Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 76-83 Volume: 13 Issue: 09 Year: 2024 Month: September Number: V132024092803 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2803 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2803 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024092803.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:9:p:76-83 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Irena Cosic Author-Name: Drasko Cosic Title: DNA-Protein Interactions at Distance Explained by the Resonant Recognition Model Abstract: It is very hard to accept that fast, precise and efficient biomolecular interactions within living cells in an environment heavily populated with other molecules which is happening only by random movement of molecules. A more realistic approach would be to have long distance recognition that will guide interacting molecules towards each other. With this idea in mind, it has been recently experimentally measured that the recognition between interacting biomolecules occurs on a distance through resonant electrodynamic intermolecular forces. To theoretically explain such measurements, we have employed the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which is the unique model predicting that biomolecular interactions are based on resonant electromagnetic energy transfer for distant recognition and interaction between interacting molecules. Here, we have applied the RRM model to analyse the interaction between EcoRI enzyme and double helix DNA primer containing EcoRI cleavage site. We have identified the characteristic frequency for this interaction, proposing that resonant electromagnetic energy is responsible for enzyme and DNA long distance recognition. Keywords: Biomolecular long distance recognition, EcoRI enzyme, Resonant Recognition Model Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-5 Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Year: 2024 Month: November Number: V132024102805 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2805 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2805 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024112805.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:11:p:1-5 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xingjian Tian Author-Name: Guangke Qi Title: Enhancing Scalability and Load Balancing through Sharding in Consortium Blockchain-Based Agri-Food Supply Chain System Abstract: Agri-food supply chain is undergoing a transformation towards increasing intelligence and automation with the integration of blockchain technology, particularly consortium blockchains, which are more suitable for realistic applications by offering member management, privacy protection, data auditability and traceability. Despite these advantages, scalability and system performance remain as the bottlenecks. To address this, sharding technology has been adopted but typical sharding protocols such as Relay and Broker are mostly designed for public blockchains and do not harness the potential of consortium blockchains. For that, we designed an agri-food supply chain system model and proposed a new sharding partition algorithm: Weighted and Constrained Label Propagation Algorithm (WCLPA), which brings in the factor of consortium's organization-based weighting accordingly and integrates with BrokerChain, a cutting-edge sharding protocol. Then we tested using a transaction driven simulator, and the evaluation results indicate that our scheme excels in a spectrum of metrics including TPS, confirmation latency, load balancing of transactions and inter-shard transaction ratio. This research signifies a future promising stride towards optimizing consortium blockchain performance in the agri-food supply chain domain through sharding. Keywords: Agri-Food Supply Chain, Consortium Blockchain, Sharding, Community-Aware Partition Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 6-16 Volume: 13 Issue: 11 Year: 2024 Month: November Number: V132024112808 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2808 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2808 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024112808.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:11:p:6-16 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Phyu Phyu Thinn Author-Name: Yi Xie Author-Name: Aung Si Thu Thein Title: Assessment on the Management Practices and Forest Conditions of Community Forests and State-Managed Forest in Highland Region: Case Study in Shan State, Myanmar Abstract: Forests are vital for sustainable livelihoods, environmental conservation, and poverty alleviation, yet they face growing threats from deforestation and forest degradation due to both direct and indirect causes. community forestry (CF), a promising approach for sustainable forest management, has been widely adopted in Myanmar to address socio-economic and environmental challenges. This study investigates the management practices, community rules, silvicultural operations, and forest conditions of community forests and state-managed forests in Nyaung Shwe Township, part of the Inle Lake watershed. Data from 58 systematically distributed sample plots were analyzed to assess species composition, diversity, and structural parameters. The results showed that community forests had higher species diversity, richness, and evenness compared to state-managed forests. Notably, Shorea siamensis emerged as the most ecologically significant species in both forest types. The diameter distribution revealed a dominance of mid-sized trees, indicating regeneration potential but also highlighting the challenges posed by annual forest fires and limited silvicultural engagement. Management practices in community forests emphasized conservation and local participation, though gaps in benefit-sharing mechanisms were noted. These findings underscore the importance of community forestry in promoting biodiversity and sustainable forest management while emphasizing the need for enhanced community engagement and institutional support. Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-9 Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Year: 2024 Month: December Number: V132024112810 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2810 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2810 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024122810.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:12:p:1-9 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Xiaojing Liu Title: Personal Data Protection in the Current Stage of Internet Marketing: A Research Report Abstract: In the current digital era, online marketing has emerged as a pivotal strategy for businesses to expand their market reach, augment brand awareness, and drive sales. The rapid advancement of internet technology has facilitated the widespread integration of big data, artificial intelligence, and other cutting-edge technologies in online marketing practices.... Keywords: Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 33-37 Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Year: 2024 Month: December Number: V132024112811 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2811 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2811 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024122811.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:12:p:33-37 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Gérard Lucotte Author-Name: Thierry Thomasset Title: Brass Particles on the Turin Shroud: Optical Microscopy Studies and SEM-EDX Analyses Abstract: We have explored by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray twenty-two particles and formations of brass located in a sample of the Face area of the Turin Shroud. They differ by the proportions of copper and of zinc in the alloys. The nineteen brass particles are micro-sheets or micro-balls, generally of yellow colour. The p5 formation is representative of the cementation process of brass production, and the k15 formation is representative of the direct process. These brasses were loaded on the Turin Shroud surface at different times during history, to imitate gold powder. Keywords: Turin Shroud, Face area, Brass, Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 10-32 Volume: 13 Issue: 12 Year: 2024 Month: December Number: V132024112812 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2812 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2812 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V132024122812.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:13:y:2024:i:12:p:10-32 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Coulibaly B. Author-Name: Yao K. B. Author-Name: Diabagate A. Author-Name: Kroa E. Title: Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of “KROATISANE”, a Traditional Recipe Used in the Management of COVID-19 Symptoms Abstract: In Côte d'Ivoire, more than 340,000 infected people and more than 15,000 deaths have been recorded during the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to make a significant contribution to this problem, practitioners of traditional medicine (PMT) have used in Côte d'Ivoire a medicinal formulation composed of leaves of Alchornea cordifolia (euphorbiaceae), the bark of Alstonia boonei (apocynaceae), leafy stems of Ocimum gratissimum (lamiaceae), and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (zingiberaceae) named “Kroatisane” used for the management of symptoms of COVID-19. The present study aims to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the antioxidant activity of the aqueous extract of “Kroatisane”. To do this, an aqueous extract of the four medicinal plants was prepared. Classes of secondary metabolites were identified according to the methods described by Evans (2009) and several other authors. Antioxidant activity was determined by that of free radical scavenging using DPPH. The aqueous extract of “Kroatisane” (KTI) showed DPPH scavenging activity dependent on its effective concentration (EC50) of 100.3 μg/mL. This antioxidant activity has an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 100.3μg/mL compared to that of ascorbic acid of 3.025 μg/mL and the IC50 of gallic acid of 0.8968 μg/mL. The activity of the aqueous extract of “Kroatisane” is 33 and 104 times less powerful than those of ascorbic acid and gallic acid respectively. Furthermore, the phytochemical screening of “Kroatisane” revealed the presence of several secondary metabolites in particular, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponosides and reducing compounds. These results could partly justify the traditional use of this recipe in traditional medicine for the management of symptoms of COVID-19. Keywords: Kroatisane, Traditional Recipe, Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity, Phytocompound Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 1-6 Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Year: 2025 Month: October Number: V132024122817 DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.2817 File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2817 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V142025102817.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:14:y:2025:i:10:p:1-6 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Vitor Garabini Author-Name: Matheus Naves Rosa Author-Name: Fernando Aparecido Pazini Author-Name: Guilherme Ribeiro de Mendonça Gonçalves Da Silva Author-Name: Daniel Salermo Muzilli Author-Name: Mateus Santos Matos Author-Name: Laiane Milani de Arruda Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Title: Zinner Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain in a Male Patient — Case Report Abstract: Zinner syndrome is an uncommon congenital malformation of the male genitourinary tract defined by the triad of unilateral renal agenesis, seminal vesicle cyst, and ipsilateral ejaculatory duct obstruction. A case report a 39-year-old man with a one-year history of intermittent right iliac fossa pain without urinary or reproductive complaints. Clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated right renal agenesis, multiple seminal vesicle cysts, and dilatation of the right ejaculatory duct, establishing the diagnosis. The patient was managed conservatively with outpatient follow-up and analgesia, with subsequent improvement of symptoms. This case highlights the pivotal role of MRI in precise anatomic characterization and diagnostic confirmation of Zinner syndrome and emphasizes that treatment should be individualized according to symptom burden, ranging from observation to minimally invasive surgical intervention in refractory or complicated presentations. Keywords: Zinner Syndrome, Renal Agenesis, Seminal Vesicle Cyst, Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction, Mesonephric Duct Anomaly, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male Infertility, Minimally Invasive Surgery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 12-14 Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Year: 2025 Month: October Number: V142025102845 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2845 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V142025102845.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:14:y:2025:i:10:p:12-14 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Giovanni Vitor Garabini Author-Name: Matheus Naves Rosa Author-Name: Fernando Aparecido Pazini Author-Name: Guilherme Ribeiro de Mendonça Gonçalves Da Silva Author-Name: Daniel Salermo Muzilli Author-Name: Mateus Santos Matos Author-Name: Laiane Milani de Arruda Author-Name: Victor Augusto Belani Fernandes Author-Name: Thiago da Silveira Antoniassi Title: Fibrous Pseudotumor of the Epididymis: Case Report and Literature Review Abstract: Fibrous paratesticular pseudotumor is a rare benign condition that can mimic scrotal neoplasms and lead to unnecessary orchiectomy. We report a 21-year-old man who presented with acute right hemiscrotal pain and swelling. Ultrasound showed a solid extratesticular hyperechoic nodule in the tail of the right epididymis with preserved testicular vascularity, and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a circumscribed lesion that was hypointense on T2-weighted sequences, without diffusion restriction, and with post-contrast enhancement—features consistent with fibrous proliferation. Testis-sparing local excision was performed and histopathology confirmed a fibrous pseudotumor of the epididymis. A brief literature review is provided, emphasizing the role of MRI and intraoperative frozen section to avoid orchiectomy, the possible association with IgG4-related disease in a subset of patients, and the excellent prognosis after complete excision. Keywords: Fibrous Pseudotumor, Epididymis, Paratesticular Mass, Igg4-Related Disease, Testis-Sparing Surgery Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 15-17 Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Year: 2025 Month: October Number: V142025102846 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2846 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V142025102846.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:14:y:2025:i:10:p:15-17 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Shuai Zheng Author-Name: Liu Jiaqi Title: Visualized Precise Minimally Invasive Local Bone Cement Injection and Traditional Conservative Treatment for Tibial Plateau Bone Contusion Abstract: This retrospective study compared the efficacy of image-guided local bone cement injection and traditional conservative treatment for tibial plateau bone contusion. A total of 72 patients from the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University from May 2020 to May 2024 were selected. The intervention group included 38 patients who underwent C-arm fluoroscopy-guided bone cement injection (assessed by DR and MRI before the operation), while the control group consisted of 34 patients who received conservative treatment with physical therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs. All patients were followed up for 11 to 13 months. The results showed that the bone cement distribution in the intervention group was precise and uniform. The HSS knee score significantly increased from 55.93 ± 3.63 to 90.31 ± 2.69, and the VAS pain score decreased from 7.48 ± 1.06 to 1.07 ± 0.53. In the control group, the improvement was milder, with the HSS score rising from 58.92 ± 2.29 to 77.36 ± 4.56 and the VAS score dropping from 7.63 ± 1.32 to 4.94 ± 0.95. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Imaging studies indicated that the bone marrow edema in the intervention group subsided more rapidly. This minimally invasive therapy can quickly relieve symptoms, promote functional recovery, and has stable long-term efficacy and good safety. It is conducive to early rehabilitation and reduces the risk of long-term joint dysfunction, thus having high clinical promotion value. Keywords: Tibial Plateau Bone Contusion, Local Injection of Bone Cement, Visual Positioning, Traditional Conservative Treatment Journal: International Journal of Sciences Pages: 7-11 Volume: 14 Issue: 10 Year: 2025 Month: October Number: V142025102848 DOI: File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/article/2848 File-Format: text/html File-URL: https://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V142025102848.pdf File-Format: application/pdf Handle: RePEc:adm:journl:v:14:y:2025:i:10:p:7-11