The Science of Al-Biruni

The Science of Al-Biruni

Loading document ...
Page
of
Loading page ...

Author(s)

Author(s): Amelia Carolina Sparavigna

Download Full PDF Read Complete Article

DOI: 10.18483/ijSci.364 1405 5440 52-60 Volume 2 - Dec 2013

Abstract

Al-Biruni (973-1048) was one of the greatest scientists of all times. He was an astronomer, mathematician and philosopher, and studied physics and natural sciences. In this paper, we will discuss some of his experimental methods and some instruments he used.

Keywords

History of Science, Medieval Science

References

  1. G. Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1927
  2. Hamed A. Ead, History of Islamic Science 6, http://www.levity.com/alchemy/islam17.html
  3. B. Gafurov, Al-Biruni, a Universal Genius Who Lived in the Central Asia a Thousand of Years Ago, The Unesco Courier, June 1974, Pages 4-9
  4. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abū_Rayhān_al-Bīrūnī
  5. D.J. Boilet, Al-Biruni, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. I, H.A.R. Gibb, J.H. Kramers, E. Levi-Provencal and J. Schacht Editors, Brill, 1986
  6. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghaznavids
  7. C.K. Skarlakidis, Holy Fire, The Miracle of Holy Saturday at the Tomb of Christ, Forty-five Historical Accounts (9th–16th c.), available at www.scarlakidis.gr/ENGLISH/09.albiruni-ENGLISH.html
  8. D. Tsibukidis, Graeco-Hellenistic Philosophical Thought in the Writings of Abu Raikhan Biruni, Graeco-Arabica, 2000, Volume 7–8, Pages 524-533
  9. C. Edmund Bosworth, Bīrūnī, Abū Rayhān, i. Life, in Encyclopedia Iranica, 2010, Volume IV, Issue 3, Pages 274-276
  10. B. Scheppler, Al-Biruni: Master Astronomer and Muslim Scholar of the Eleventh Century, The Rosen Publishing Group, August 1, 2005
  11. D. Pingree, Bīrūnī, Abū Rayhān, ii. Bibliography, in Encyclopedia Iranica, 2010, Volume IV, Issue 3, Pages 276-277
  12. S. Maqbul Ahaman, Geodesy, Geology, and Mineralogy, Geography and Cartography, in History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Issue 2, Clifford Edmund Bosworth and M.S. Asimov Editors, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003
  13. B. Lumpkin, Geometry Activities from Many Cultures, Walch Publishing, Jan 1, 1997
  14. C. K. Raju, Cultural Foundations of Mathematics: The Nature of Mathematical Proof and the Transmission of the Calculus from India to Europe in the 16th C. CE, Pearson Education India, 2007
  15. J. Boilot, The Long Odyssey, The Unesco Courier, June 1974, Pages 10-13
  16. S. Hossein Nasr, An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines, Pages 135–136, State University of New York Press, 1993
  17. M. Salim-Atchekzai, A Pioneer of Scientific Observation, The Unesco Courier, June 1974, Pages 16-18
  18. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy_in_medieval_Islam
  19. A. Dallal, Science, Medicine and Technology, in The Oxford History of Islam, J. Esposito Editor, Oxford University Press, 1999
  20. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zij
  21. D. Teresi, Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science, Simon and Schuster, May 11, 2010
  22. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Yunus
  23. D. Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, 2001-2013
  24. Vv.Aa., Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolabe
  25. Egnatio Danti, Dell’Uso et Fabbrica dell’Astrolabio, Giunti, Firenze, 1578
  26. F. Charette, Mathematical Instrumentation in the Fourteenth-Century in Egypt and Syria, BRILL, 2003
  27. F. Charette, Archaeology: High tech from Ancient Greece, Nature, 2006, Volume 444, Pages 551-552
  28. D.J. de Solla Price, Of the Origin of Clockwork, Perpetual Motion Devices and the Compass, in Contributions from the Museum of History and Technology, United States National Museum Bulletin 218, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., 1959
  29. J. Theophanidis, Praktika tes Akademias Athenon, Athens, 1934, Volume 9, Pages 140-149
  30. Ö. Wikander, Gadgets and Scientific Instruments, in The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World, John Peter Oleson Editor, Oxford University Press, 2008, Pages 785-820
  31. M. Rozhanskaya and I.S. Levinova, "Statics", p. 642, in the Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Routledge, 1996
  32. M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill’s First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936, Volume 5, BRILL, 1003
  33. B.A. Danzomo and A.O. Shuriye, The Contribution of Al-Khazini in the Development of Hydrostatic Balance and its Functionality, in Contributions of Early Muslim Scientists to Engineering Sciences and Related Studies, A.O. Shuriye and A.F. Faris Editors, IIUM Press, 2011
  34. S. M. Razaullah Ansari, On the Physical Researches of Al-Biruni, Vol10. Issue 2, Pages 198-217
  35. F. Costanti, The Golden Crown: a Discussion, in The Genius of Archimedes - 23 Centuries of Influence on Mathematics, Science and Engineering: Proceedings of an International Conference held at Syracuse, Italy, June 8-10, 2010
  36. M. Berthelot, Sur l’Histoire de la Balance Hydrostatique et de Quelques Autres Appareils et Procédés Scientifiques, Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Série 6, 1891, Volume 23, Pages 475-485
  37. Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, The Architecture, Joseph Gwilt translator, Priestly and Weale, London, 1826
  38. A.C. Sparavigna, The Vitruvius' Tale of Archimedes and the Golden Crown, Archaeogate, 17-08-2011
  39. Miniature anthology of al-Biruni, The Unesco Courier, June 1974, Pages 19-26

Cite this Article:

International Journal of Sciences is Open Access Journal.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.
Author(s) retain the copyrights of this article, though, publication rights are with Alkhaer Publications.

Search Articles

Issue June 2024

Volume 13, June 2024


Table of Contents



World-wide Delivery is FREE

Share this Issue with Friends:


Submit your Paper