Citizen participation in public planning: A literature review

Author(s): Chiara Garau

The aim of this work is to present an overview of participatory practices through the evolutionary synthesis of so-called "ladders of public participation", created in the last 50 years.The paper shows how, through them, the role of public participation in planning addressed the redistribution of power between those who govern and the governed. The definition of participatory democracy, the motivation of all actors, ICT and the conceptualization of the planning and decision-making framework are all factors for participation offered to the public. Thus, the paper contributes to considering a possible new ladder of participation.

participation, democracy, ladder of participation, participatory research

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